From d4820f416d28b4a420e57911ee3b50b69d961fd3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chetan Kale Date: Sat, 3 Jun 2023 09:51:48 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Countries and good data has been changed as per 2023 file. --- app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml | 69315 +++++++++++------------ app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml | 1154 +- 2 files changed, 33195 insertions(+), 37274 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml b/app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml index 4b3ff7f..6450861 100644 --- a/app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml +++ b/app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml @@ -1,36280 +1,33147 @@ - - Afghanistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/afghanistan - Indo-Pacific - No - No Advancement - In 2021, Afghanistan made no advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Officials in Afghanistan arrested, detained, and prosecuted children for terrorism-related crimes during the reporting period, including some younger than age 12 who had been forcibly recruited by non-state armed groups. Furthermore, authorities considered some child trafficking victims, especially those engaged in bacha bazi or armed conflict, as criminals, housing them in juvenile detention centers and subjecting them to torture and other forms of ill treatment rather than referring them to victim support services. Children in Afghanistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict, forced labor in the production of bricks and carpets, and commercial sexual exploitation. Afghanistan lacks a mechanism to impose penalties for child labor violations and lacks sufficient programs to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Afghan law does not sufficiently criminalize forced labor, debt bondage, or the commercial sexual exploitation of girls. - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Carpets - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coal - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Poppies - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Salt - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.12 - 1206134 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.364 - - - 7-14 - 0.065 - - - 0.843 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those engaged in informal employment. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of female children for prostitution and pornographic performances and the use of all children for the production of pornography. - - - Ensure that forced labor and debt bondage are criminally prohibited. - - - - - Establish Child Protection Action Networks in all of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces and ensure that they can provide all services needed by victimized children. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors, number and type of child labor inspections, number of violations found, and number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for violations of Afghan law. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training on child labor. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensure that inspections are conducted throughout the country and in all sectors. - - - Simplify the child labor complaint mechanism to allow oral complaints and eliminate or waive the requirement that the individual filing a complaint must specify the legal grounds for the violation. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts inspections throughout the country and not solely in the capital, Kabul. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators are available and receive resources, including equipment and transportation, to enforce criminal child labor laws. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services. - - - Ensure that child victims of human trafficking and other worst forms of child labor are correctly identified as victims, and referred to appropriate social services, not arrested, detained, or subjected to mistreatment or torture. - - - Ensure that children are not recruited into armed groups or government-affiliated military entities, including by ending the falsification of identity documents. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including training for criminal investigators, number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions. - - - Investigate, arrest, prosecute, and when appropriate, sentence government officials complicit in facilitating the worst forms of child labor, such as bacha bazi and child soldier recruitment. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates, including by ensuring that detailed enforcement data are reported to appropriate coordination bodies and that meetings are held at the mandated intervals. - - - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Institute a birth registration campaign so that age is documented, and children can register for school. - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - Institute programs to increase access to education and improve security in schools, especially for girls in the Shia Hazara community. - - - Build capacity for the government to have sufficient Child Protection Unit reporting channels to identify children, prevent them from joining the security forces, and provide shelter, services, and family reintegration. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Project to Prevent Child Labor in Home-Based Carpet Production in Afghanistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country/ilab-afghanistan - - - Demobilization of Child Soldiers and Socio-Economic Reintegration of War-Affected Young People in Afghanistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country/ilab-afghanistan - - - - - Albania - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/albania - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Albania made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government created the Ministry of State for Youth and Children, which will play a central role in developing programs to promote the well-being of children in Albania. In addition, the government adopted both the new National Agenda on Children's Rights and the National Strategy on Education. However, children in Albania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including use in illicit activities and forced begging, and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining, including chromium. Albania's legal framework governing child labor does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities. In addition, Albania’s labor inspectorate does not receive adequate funding to allow for inspections in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur. - - - - 5-14 - 0.046 - 23665 - 0.875 - 0.029 - 0.096 - - - 5-14 - 0.925 - - - 7-14 - 0.052 - - - 1.007 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 1700000 - 131 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 4973 - 4973 - 4 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 68 - 64 - 25 - 15 - No - N/A - Yes - Yes - 15 - - - - - Ensure that using, procuring, and offering children under age 18 for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that the use of children in prostitution is criminally prohibited. - - - - - Ensure that labor inspectors can inspect the informal sector in which child labor is known to occur, including private homes, private farms, or unregistered businesses. - - - - - Ensure proper coordination between the State Inspectorate for Labor and Social Services and the Albanian State Police. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement policies addressing child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish comprehensive data on the extent and nature of child labor in Albania. In particular, gather data on the prevalence and conditions of child labor in sectors of heightened concern, such as the agriculture and construction sectors. - - - Provide adequate transportation resources for all children who face transportation-related barriers to school attendance, in particular Roma and Balkan Egyptian children and those who live in communities far from schools. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children from Roma and Balkan Egyptian minority communities, children with disabilities, and children from Syria, Algeria, Libya, and elsewhere living in Albania as refugees or displaced migrants, by removing all school related fees and ensuring that children without documentation do not face obstacles to enroll in school. - - - Provide translation services for all children, especially those from migrant or refugee families, who are facing language-related barriers to education. - - - Increase the number of shelters for victims of the worst forms of child labor, in particular for children living and working on the streets. - - - Institute programs to assist children who are victims of human trafficking and those who are used in scavenging chromium. - - - Ensure that funding and human resources are increased for social programs for child labor and that decentralized social funds to municipalities are appropriately allocated to adequately carry out programs. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Algeria - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/algeria - Middle East and North Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Algeria made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Authority for the Protection and Promotion of Children launched an interagency program with the National Social, Economic, and Environmental Council to increase coordination between governmental ministries to study children's needs in Algeria, analyze expenses dedicated to children, and develop a national action plan for children's development. However, children in Algeria are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street vending. Algerian law does not provide increased penalties for, or categorize as a separate crime, the involvement of children in either the production or trafficking of drugs. Additionally, the government has not determined by national law or regulation the types of work that are hazardous for children to perform. Moreover, while the labor inspectorate is authorized to conduct inspections in all workplaces, inspectors do not investigate unmarked workplaces, such as houses or informal construction sites, without a complaint. - - - - 5-14 - 0.036 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.948 - - - 7-14 - 0.039 - - - 1.037 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 709 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 153537 - 153537 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - 9 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws increase penalties for, or categorize as a separate crime, the involvement of children in all illicit activities, including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law does not require threats, the use of force, or coercion to be established for the crime of child trafficking. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish information on labor inspectorate funding. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Publish information on the criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that inspections are conducted in all workplaces, including unmarked workplaces, such as houses or informal construction sites. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Adopt a national policy that includes all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation, forced begging, and street work. - - - - - Research and publish detailed information on children involved in child labor, or at risk of being involved; specify these activities, including those carried out in construction work; and publish information to inform policies. - - - Ensure that social programs address migrant children involved in rural family-run businesses and agricultural work, as well as subjected to forced begging. - - - Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, street work, and forced begging. - - - Ensure that isolated cases of school administrators denying enrollment to migrant children are stopped in accordance with laws allowing for free public education for all children. - - - Take measures to remove barriers to education for migrant children and children with disabilities, including language barriers, lack of specialized training, transportation, and accessibility of school buildings. - - - Expand social programs to address school dropout rates in the southern region of the country. - - - - - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Angola - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/angola - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Angola made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved a new National Referral Mechanism for the Protection and Assistance to Victims of Human Trafficking and provided trainings on the new mechanism, including victim identification procedures, to law enforcement, border protection, customs and immigration officials, and local human rights committees. Furthermore, it established the Multisectoral Commission on the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor to coordinate efforts to address child labor. It also approved a new National Action Plan to Eradicate Child Labor (2021–2025), and through its Birth Registration and Justice for Children Program, the government approved over $63 million for the purchase of 15 million identification cards and 500 kits to be used to collect biometric and biographic data in order to accelerate its registration of the population. However, children in Angola are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction. Laws prohibiting forced labor are not sufficient as they do not criminalize practices similar to slavery or allow for the prosecution of debt bondage. Additionally, the number of labor inspectors does not meet the International Labor Organization's technical advice for the size of Angola's workforce, and social programs do not target all sectors in which children work. - - - Diamonds - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.151 - 1246354 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.694 - - - 7-14 - 0.136 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 266 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 9088 - 9088 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 3 - Unknown - Unknown - 1 - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - 1 - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including children without a work contract. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize practices similar to slavery and allow for the prosecution of debt bondage. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits hazardous occupations or activities for children in all relevant sectors in Angola, including diamond mining. - - - - - Publish information regarding labor inspectorate funding. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Public Administration, Labor, and Social Security receives adequate resources to conduct inspections in sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that rural areas have adequate access to social services. - - - Increase training for criminal investigators, including training of investigators outside the capital and in remote areas across Angola. - - - Publish information regarding whether refresher courses were provided for criminal investigators; the number of investigations conducted; violations found; prosecutions initiated; convictions achieved; and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Increase the capacity to aggregate and synthesize data on human trafficking cases. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Develop and expand existing social programs to ensure that all children have access to education and are not restricted by informal fees, lack of birth certificates, lack of teachers, or poor school infrastructure. - - - Institute programs that target children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. - - - Ensure that refugee children are not hindered from continuing their education beyond age 11 by providing a working mechanism whereby identification documents can be obtained. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - - - Anguilla - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/anguilla - Europe and Eurasia - No - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Anguilla, in 2021, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the minimum ages for work and hazardous work do not meet international standards, and Anguilla lacks a list of prohibited hazardous occupations and activities for children. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.956 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Ensure that the law establishes the minimum age for work at no less than age 15, and preferably at the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for all hazardous work. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Child Safeguarding National Action Plan and the Interagency Child Protection Protocol and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - NA - Yes - Yes - + + Afghanistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/afghanistan + Indo-Pacific + No + No Advancement + In 2022, Afghanistan made no advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The humanitarian crisis following the Taliban takeover in August 2021 resulted in an increase in the prevalence of child labor, including its worst forms, and exacerbated existing child labor risks for girls. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic, drought conditions, and worsening economic conditions further exacerbated child labor, child marriage, and child trafficking in the country. During the reporting period, the Taliban actively recruited and used children as part of their security forces. Furthermore, authorities considered some child trafficking victims, especially those engaged in bacha bazior armed conflict, as criminals, housing them in juvenile detention centers and subjecting them to torture and other forms of ill treatment rather than referring them to victim support services. Children in Afghanistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict, forced labor in the production of bricks and carpets, and commercial sexual exploitation. The government lacks a mechanism to impose penalties for child labor violations and sufficient programs to address situations of child labor or prevent its occurrence. In addition, Afghan law does not sufficiently criminalize forced labor, debt bondage, or the commercial sexual exploitation of girls. + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Carpets + Yes + No + No + + + Coal + Yes + No + No + + + Poppies + Yes + No + No + + + Salt + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.12 + 1206134 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.364 + + + 7-14 + 0.065 + + + 0.843 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Ensure + that forced labor and debt bondage are criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of female children for prostitution and + pornographic performances and the use of all children for the production of + pornography. + + + Ensure + that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those engaged + in informal employment. + + + Ensure that laws providing free basic education include all children, including girls. + + + Increase the compulsory education age from 15 years old to 18 years old to align with the minimum age for work. + + + + + Establish + Child Protection Action Networks in all of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces and ensure that they provide mental health, education, and other services needed by victimized children. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, + including labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors, number and + type of child labor inspections, number of violations found, and number of + child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Authorize + the labor inspectorate to assess + penalties for violations of Afghan labor law. + + + Ensure + that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training on child + labor. + + + Employ at least 172 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 6.8 million people. + + + Simplify + the child labor complaint mechanism to allow oral complaints and eliminate or waive the + requirement that the individual filing a complaint must specify the legal + grounds for the violation. + + + Ensure + that the labor inspectorate conducts inspections in all sectors and throughout the country and not solely in the capital, Kabul. + + + Ensure + that labor inspectors and criminal investigators are available and receive the necessary resources to enforce child labor laws, including adequate offices equipped with modern technologies and + transportation to inspection sites. + + + Ensure that child victims of human trafficking and other worst forms of child labor are correctly identified as victims and referred to appropriate social services, not arrested, detained, or subjected to mistreatment or torture. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services. + + + Ensure that children are not recruited into armed groups or government-affiliated military entities, including by ending the falsification of identity documents. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including training for criminal investigators, number of investigations, prosecutions initiated, and convictions achieved. + + + Investigate, prosecute, and when appropriate, convict and sentence government officials complicit in facilitating the worst forms of child labor, such as bachi bazi and child soldier recruitment. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies, such as the National Commission on Protection of Child Rights, are active and able to carry out their intended mandates, including by ensuring that detailed enforcement data are reported to appropriate coordination bodies and that meetings are held at the mandated intervals. + + + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor such as the National Labor Policy, the National Child Labor Strategy and Action Plan, and theNational Anti-Trafficking in Persons Action Plan and publish results from activities implemented. + + + + + Institute + a birth registration campaign so that age can be verified and children can register for school. + + + Institute + programs to increase access to education and improve security in schools, particularly girls' schools. + + + Build capacity for the government to have sufficient inter-governmental reporting channels for Child Protection Units to identify children, prevent them from joining the security forces, and refer them to shelter, social, and family reintegration services. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor such as the Asia Regional Child Labor Program, deployment of Child Protection Units (CPUs) of the Afghan National Police (ANP), and the administration of Juvenile Rehabilitation Centers, and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Project to Prevent Child Labor in Home-Based Carpet Production in Afghanistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-prevent-child-labor-home-based-carpet-production-afghanistan + + + Demobilization of Child Soldiers and Socio-Economic Reintegration of War-Affected Young People in Afghanistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Afghanistan_ChildSoldiers_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + + + Albania + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/albania + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Albania made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The new Special Anti-Corruption and Organized Crime Court began taking cases involving human trafficking and organized crime, including cases in which children are forced to engage in criminal activities. Additionally, the government continued to support programs focused on the improvement of children's rights, including the National Agenda for the Rights of the Child and the National Strategy on Education. However, children in Albania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including use in illicit activities and forced begging, and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining, including chromium. In addition, Albania's legal framework governing child labor does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities. + + + + 5-14 + 0.046 + 23665 + 0.875 + 0.029 + 0.096 + + + 5-14 + 0.925 + + + 7-14 + 0.052 + + + 1.007 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 1550000 + 124 + Yes + Yes + 9273 + 10 + 2 + 2 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 44 + 19 + 14 + Yes + 14 + + + + + Ensure that using, + procuring, and offering children under age 18 for illicit activities, including + in the production and trafficking of drugs, is criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that the use of children in prostitution is criminally prohibited. + + + + + Ensure + that labor inspectors can inspect the informal sector in which child labor is known to occur, including private homes, private farms, or unregistered businesses. + + + + + Ensure proper coordination between the State Inspectorate for Labor and Social Services and the Albanian State Police. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Collect and publish comprehensive data on the extent and nature of child labor in Albania. In particular, gather data on the prevalence and conditions of child labor in sectors of heightened concern, such as the agriculture and construction sectors. + + + Provide adequate transportation resources for all children who face transportation-related barriers to school attendance, in particular Roma and Balkan Egyptian children and those who live in communities far from schools. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children from Roma and Balkan Egyptian minority communities, children with disabilities, and children from Syria, Algeria, Libya, and elsewhere living in Albania as refugees or displaced migrants, by removing all school related fees and ensuring that children without documentation do not face obstacles to enroll in school. + + + Increase + the number of shelters for victims of the worst forms of child labor, in particular for children living and working on the streets. + + + Institute + programs to assist children who are victims of human trafficking and those who are used in scavenging chromium. + + + Provide translation services for all children, especially those from migrant or refugee families, who are facing language-related barriers to education. + + + Ensure that funding and human resources are increased for social programs for child labor and that decentralized social funds to municipalities are appropriately allocated to adequately carry out programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Algeria + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/algeria + Middle East and North Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Algeria made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government drafted legislation to remove the requirement of proving force, fraud, or coercion for an act to be considered child sex trafficking. The National Authority for the Protection and Promotion of Children also launched an online platform to increase coordination between civil society organizations working on child protection issues. However, children in Algeria are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes a result of human trafficking, and forced begging. Children also engage in street vending. Algerian law does not provide increased penalties for, or categorize as a separate crime, the involvement of children in either the production or trafficking of drugs. The government also has not determined by national law or regulation the types of work that are hazardous for children to perform. Moreover, while the labor inspectorate is authorized to conduct inspections in all workplaces, inspectors do not investigate some workplaces, such as houses or informal construction sites, without a complaint, resulting in instances of child labor going undetected. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.948 + + + 7-14 + 0.039 + + + 0.957 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 619 + Yes + Yes + 165406 + 1 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 67 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure + that laws increase penalties for, or categorize as a separate crime, the involvement of children in all illicit activities, including + using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of + drugs. + + + Determine + the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18, in + consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law does not require + threats, the use of force, or coercion to be established for the crime of child + trafficking. + + + + + Publish information on labor inspectorate funding. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 619 to 843 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 12.6 million people and allow for targeted inspections where child labor is likely occurring. + + + Publish information on the criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of investigations, prosecutions, penalties imposed, and penalties collected upon for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that inspections are conducted in all workplaces, including informal workplaces, such as houses or construction sites. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Adopt + a national policy that includes all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation, forced begging, and street work. + + + + + Research + and publish detailed information on children involved in child labor, or at risk of + being involved; specify these activities, including those carried out in construction work; and publish information to inform + policies. + + + Take measures to remove barriers to education for migrant + children, including language barriers, lack of specialized training, and + transportation. + + + Expand + existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, street work, and forced begging. + + + Ensure that isolated cases of school administrators denying enrollment to migrant children are stopped in accordance with laws allowing for free public education for all children. + + + Ensure that social programs address migrant children involved in rural family-run businesses and agricultural work, as well as subjected to forced begging. + + + Expand social programs to address school dropout rates in the southern region of the country. + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Angola + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/angola + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Angola made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government updated its list of hazardous occupations and activities for children, establishing new prohibitions in the mining sector and work connected to industries that use toxic materials anddecreasing the daily maximum number of hours minors are allowed to work from 8 hours to 4 hours.The Ministry of Public Administration, Labor, and Social Security also conducted training workshops to build the capacity of several stakeholders working on child protection matters, and the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights heldtrainings and workshops on human trafficking concepts for members of the Angolan diplomatic corps, national police officers, prosecutors, and to all 18 provincial human rights committees. Additionally, the Multisectoral Commission on the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor established procedures to process and report child labor cases and strengthened its coordination with law enforcement and social service providers. However, children in Angola are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction. Laws prohibiting forced labor are not sufficient as they do not criminalize practices similar to slavery or allow for the prosecution of debt bondage. Additionally, the number of labor inspectors is likely insufficient for the size of Angola's workforce, and social programs do not target all sectors in which children work. + + + Diamonds + Yes + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.151 + 1246354 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.694 + + + 7-14 + 0.136 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 257 + Yes + Yes + 8296 + 8 + 8 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law prohibits hazardous occupations or activities for + children in all relevant sectors in Angola, including diamond mining. + + + Ensure that laws + prohibiting forced labor criminalize practices similar to slavery and allow for + the prosecution of debt bondage. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including children without a work contract. + + + + + Publish information regarding labor inspectorate funding. + + + Increase + the number of labor inspectors from 257 to 376 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 15 million people. + + + Increase training for criminal investigators, including training of investigators outside the capital and in remote areas across Angola. + + + Publish information on the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Public Administration, Labor, and Social Security receives adequate resources to conduct inspections in sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including in the informal sector. + + + Ensure that child trafficking survivors in rural areas have adequate access to social services. + + + + + Increase the government's capacity to aggregate and synthesize data on human trafficking cases. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Develop + and expand existing social programs to ensure that all children have access to + education and are not restricted by informal fees, lack of birth certificates, + lack of teachers and classrooms, or poor school infrastructure. + + + Institute programs to support children + subjected to commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor and expand existing + programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem. + + + Ensure that refugee children are not hindered from continuing their education beyond age 11 by creating a process for them to obtain identity documents. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + + + Anguilla + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/anguilla + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Anguilla, in 2022, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the minimum age of 12 for work and 14 for hazardous work does not meet international standards, and Anguilla lacks a list of prohibited hazardous occupations and activities for children. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.956 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + No + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A*† + + No + N/A*† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Establish a minimum age for work of at least 15 years,and preferably up to the compulsory education age of 17. + + + Establish age 18 as the minimum + age for hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of + hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' + and workers' + organizations. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits + the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ratify ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + Argentina + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/argentina + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Significant Advancement + In 2022, Argentina made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government reported completing 92 targeted actions outlined in the 2020-2022 National Action Plan Against Human Trafficking and Exploitation, and for the Protection and Assistance of Victims. These actions included the implementation of the Victims' Compensation Fund and supporting 42 survivors of human trafficking. Further, the government published the National Plan for the Regularization of Labor, which included the funding allocated for its Labor Inspectorate. However, children in Argentina are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the transport, sale, and distribution of drugs. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information about its labor law enforcement efforts and the labor inspectorate remains understaffed to adequately address child labor issues in the country. + + + Blueberries + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Garlic + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Grapes + Yes + No + No + + + Olives + Yes + No + No + + + Strawberries + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Tomatoes + Yes + No + No + + + Yerba Mate + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.053 + 371771 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.989 + + + 7-14 + 0.062 + + + 1.029 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 500000 + 385 + Yes + Yes + 122313 + 11 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 16 + 13 + 6 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 16 to 17 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Make certain that provincial officials receive training on the applicability and scope of the Prohibition of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Work Law, especially in the agriculture sector. + + + + + Increase + the number of labor inspectors from 385 to about 1,406 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 21.1 million people. + + + Enhance coordination and information-sharing with provincial governments in order to publish + information on the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. + + + Ensure law enforcement officials have adequate funding and resources to carry out their operations. + + + Strengthen the capacity of Argentina's judiciary and police to investigate human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation cases. + + + + + Improve government coordination, particularly between national and local government entities, in the reporting of data and the provision of services to survivors of all forms of child labor, including for children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Ensure that any activities undertaken to implement the Third National Plan for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and the Regulation of Adolescent Work (2018-2022) are published and that activities are undertaken to implement the Federal Strengthening Program for the Eradication of Child Labor and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Federal Strengthening Program for the Eradication of Child Labor and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. + + + + + Develop + specific programs that target child labor in sectors in which child labor is + prevalent, including street begging. + + + Increase funding for shelters and assistance to girl survivors of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Multi-stakeholder Strategy for Child Labor Elimination in Agriculture in Argentina + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/multi-stakeholder-strategy-child-labor-elimination-agriculture-argentina + + + Improving the Capacity of Labor and Agriculture Stakeholders to Address Child Labor in Agricultural Areas of Argentina Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/improving-capacity-labor-and-agriculture-stakeholders-address-child-labor + + + Project to Promote Workplace-Based Training for Vulnerable Youth in Argentina + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-promote-workplace-based-training-vulnerable-youth-argentina + + + Attaining Lasting Change + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network National Networks + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 + + + Evidence to Action: Increasing the Impact of Research to Mobilize Efforts against Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/evidence-action-increasing-impact-research-mobilize-efforts-against-forced-labor + + + + + Armenia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/armenia + Europe and Eurasia + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Armenia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted a new Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code, which strengthened Armenia’s child protection framework by criminalizing child trafficking and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. The government also adopted a universal inspection checklist on labor rights violations which is applicable to all industries. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Armenia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law that delays advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Labor inspectors lack full authority to conduct unannounced inspections, despite receiving additional authority in 2022 to carry out limited unannounced inspections when detecting unregistered employment cases. The lack of unannounced inspections may leave potential violations of child labor laws and other labor abuses undetected in workplaces. Children in Armenia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. In addition, the government does not routinely collect or maintain official data on the prevalence of child labor. Furthermore, the minimum age for work does not meet international standards because labor legislation does not apply to children working in the informal sector. + + + + 5-14 + 0.07 + 24602 + 0.939 + 0.005 + 0.057 + + + 5-14 + 0.954 + + + 7-14 + 0.086 + + + 0.918 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 3500000 + 57 + Yes + Yes + 389 + 7 + 7 + 7 + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 1 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that Armenian law specifies the types of + light work acceptable for children ages 14 to 15. + + + Ensure that labor legislation, including the minimum age for work, applies to all children, including those working in the informal sector. + + + + + Implement existing witness protection mechanisms to protect survivors of child trafficking who cooperate with law enforcement. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 57 to 78 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 1.6 million people. + + + Protect children by providing law enforcement + officials with specialized training on interviewing survivors of child trafficking. + + + Strengthen the inspection system by permitting unannounced inspections. + + + + Empower labor inspectors to conduct inspections and apply administrative penalties to all cases of child labor, including cases conducted after working hours and when the business director or acting director is not present. + + + Ensure law enforcement officials understand their mandated duties + and the Investigative Committee is adequately trained on trafficking victim + identification and investigations. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to address all worst forms of child labor in all sectors, including in street work, services, and agriculture. + + + + + Adopt + policies to address child labor in all its forms in Armenia, including in + agriculture, services, and other forms of informal work. + + + + + Ensure that all children, including girls, children in remote areas, those + from low-income families and families that travel for seasonal labor, and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have equal + access to education. + + + Ensure the availability of out-of-care services for deinstitutionalized children in parallel with increased efforts to prevent institutionalization of children and ensure that children currently residing in government institutions are not engaged in child labor. + + + Ensure that mainstream education is accessible + to children with special education needs and children with disabilities by + improving the accessibility of the physical infrastructure and increasing the availability of special education teachers and other specialists for students with mental disabilities. + + + Implement programs to address child labor in + street work and in agriculture. + + + Allocate sufficient personnel and resources to publicize and provide social services throughout the country, offer sufficient training to services providers, and assign reasonable caseloads. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in agriculture and construction, to inform policies and programs. + + + Strengthen measures in the educational system to identify truant children and enforce mandatory school attendance requirements to ensure children are not engaged in child labor. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Family Benefits Program and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + + + Azerbaijan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/azerbaijan + Europe and Eurasia + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Azerbaijan made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased training to address human trafficking and amended the Rules of the National Referral Mechanism for Victims of Human Trafficking, to expand the Interagency Commission’s composition and to delegate implementation of the National Referral Mechanism to the Commission. In addition, the government continued efforts to integrate children with disabilities into mainstream education by establishing twelve more schools with inclusive classrooms. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Azerbaijan is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it has not rescinded a law that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. In 2017, the government extended a moratorium on labor inspections, including worksite inspections, until 2021. During the reporting period, the moratorium was extended first through January 1, 2023, and again through the end of 2023. There was no indication of when onsite inspections would resume, and while inspectors can conduct desk reviews in response to complaints, this lack of proactive or onsite inspection mechanisms may leave potential violations of child labor laws undetected in workplaces. Children in Azerbaijan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging. In addition, there are limited data available to indicate how many children are currently engaged in child labor. In some instances, police treat children forced to beg or engage in street work as a family issue, leading to some cases not being properly referred for criminal investigation and prosecution. + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.045 + 70034 + 0.919 + 0.008 + 0.072 + + + 5-14 + 0.943 + + + 7-14 + 0.049 + + + 0.995 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 19 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 182 + Yes + Yes + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + No + N/A + No + N/A + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 16 + 14 + 1 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution and the use and offering of children for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. + + + + + Resume + routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections, including in response to complaints, to ensure that child labor laws + are enforced. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 182 to 265 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 5.3 million people. + + + Publish + information on the labor inspectorate’s operations, including funding levels. + + + Screen for forced labor indicators in child begging situations, including those referred by NGOs, and as appropriate, investigate and prosecute forcing children to beg as a criminal offense. + + + Ensure that children identified by law enforcement as engaged in child labor are referred to social services centers or other services, as appropriate, so that they do not return to child labor. + + + Increase law enforcement investigations related to child labor outside Baku. + + + + + Increase coordination between law enforcement agencies to enforce child labor laws. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates, including across different agencies and levels of government. + + + + + Adopt + a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as hazardous work in agriculture. + + + Revise policies on priority crops that mandate production targets to help prevent child labor in agriculture. + + + + + Ensure + that children from marginalized groups and children with disabilities have equal access to education. + + + Collect + and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and + programs. + + + Ensure + that NGO-run shelters for victims of human trafficking are sufficiently and + consistently funded to provide adequate services to victims. + + + Ensure that undocumented children are able to access education. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + + + Bangladesh + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bangladesh + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practices that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Bangladesh made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government revised the list of hazardous work to include five more sectors, including dried fish manufacturing. In addition, the Department of Inspections for Factories and Establishments rescued 3,990 children from various hazardous sectors. However, despite these initiatives to address child labor, Bangladesh is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The government of Bangladesh did not permit Rohingya refugee children to attend primary and secondary schools in Bangladesh, including private institutions, due to their lack of documentation. Additionally, the Government of Bangladesh continued its ban of all refugee-run learning and coaching centers, further hampering educational accessibility for Rohingya refugees children not enrolled in the Myanmar Curriculum. Children in Bangladesh are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in drying of fish and the production of bricks. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of garments and leather goods. The Bangladesh Labor Act provides limited protection to those working in the informal sector, where most child labor in Bangladesh occurs. In addition, penalties for child labor violations can only be imposed after a lengthy legal process and, when courts do impose them, the fines are too low to deter child labor law violations. Moreover, the government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts related to child labor in 2022. + + + Bidis + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Dried Fish + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Furniture + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + Yes + No + + + Glass + Yes + No + No + + + Leather + Yes + No + No + + + Matches + Yes + No + No + + + Poultry + Yes + No + No + + + Salt + Yes + No + No + + + Shrimp + Yes + No + No + + + Soap + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles + Yes + No + No + + + Jute + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.884 + + + 7-14 + 0.082 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 10 + No + No + + + + 4937352 + 400 + Yes + Yes + 43042 + 5193 + Unknown + 11 + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Ensure the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those engaged in informal work such as domestic labor, street work, and work on small farms. + + + Ensure that the types of hazardous work + prohibited for children are comprehensive, including in garment production, and domestic service. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of a child for pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of children for both the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Ensure labor inspectors reduce the number of times an inspector has to notify the employer of violations before assessing penalties for labor law violations. + + + Ensure that the referral mechanism between law authorities and social services are adequate, including implementing a functional coordinating mechanism between the two. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 380 to 1861 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 74.5 million people. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors conduct unannounced inspections in all sectors and areas, including the domestic services sector and export processing and special economic zones. + + + Ensure that public officials who facilitate or participate in the worst forms of child labor are held accountable, including officials who facilitate the trafficking of Rohingya + children. + + + Collect and publish national-level data on the enforcement of criminal laws relevant to child labor, including information on the training for investigators, and the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions attained, and penalties imposed. + + + Provide law enforcement with sufficient financial resources to conduct investigations, including those related to the worst forms of child labor, and address the high turnover of labor inspectors by providing better wages, promotions, and job-based incentives. + + + Ensure the Child Help Line and other hotlines report data on child labor complaints. + + + Strengthen the inspection system by permitting unannounced inspections in the Export Processing Zones without notifying theExport Processing ZoneAuthorityExecutive Director. + + + Increase the penalties for child labor violations, ensuring they are sufficiently stringent to deter future violations. + + + Ensure that child labor violations are remediated through a judicial process, and cases that require criminal prosecution are referred to the criminal courts. + + + Ensure that investigation and prosecution of child sexual exploitation is carried out and inspectors and investigators receive proper training to address child labor crimes, including commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Ensure that the relevant ministries mandated to address child labor issues in the country implement a coordinating mechanism that is effective and take into account the cross-cutting nature of child labor issues, such as economic insecurities and education. + + + Ensure that the district-level coordination efforts under the National Plan of Action on the elimination of child labor encompass all child labor issues in Bangladesh, rather than being limited to child marriage. + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that the committee implementing national level policy to eliminate child labor effectively coordinates work across different ministries. + + + + + Expand programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, + including developing and implementing programs to address child labor in the + informal garment, leather, and fish drying industries. + + + Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children by removing barriers to school attendance, including increasing capacity of the Teacher Training Institute, improving bathroom sanitation and resources, ensuring a well-developed distance learning mechanism, increasing the number of schools to minimize overcrowding and double shifts, and eliminating high costs for transportation and school materials. + + + Provide sufficient education services for Rohingya refugee children, remove barriers to their school attendance, and implement programs to decrease their engagement in and subjection to child labor activities. + + + Ensure continuation of a school feeding programs to provide children with school meals. + + + Increase coordination amongst government ministries to address cross-cutting child labor issues in all social programs, including intersections between child labor, education, and economic security. + + + Ensure that the local district authorities, responsible for implementing the central government's job creation project, enforce strict anti- child labor policy and penalize those who hire children in the government funded job programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Child Labor Improvements in Bangladesh + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/climb + + + Preventing and Eliminating Worst Forms of Child Labor in Selected Formal and Informal Sectors in Bangladesh + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bangladesh_HazardousSectors_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Garment Factories in Bangladesh: Mainstreaming the Verification and Monitoring System for the Elimination of Child Labor, Phases 1 – 3 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bangladesh_Garment_Phases%201-3_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Belize + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/belize + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Belize made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the National Child Labor Policy and Strategy 2022-2025, which aims toeliminate the worst forms of child labor by 2025 and prioritizes addressing legislative and information gaps, increasing child labor law compliance, and reducing barriers to education. The Ministry of Human Development also introduced new standard operating procedures on human trafficking and trained 85 percent of social workers, 80 percent of labor officers, and 78 percent of immigration officers on using the procedures to refer victims to care. However, children in Belize are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture and construction. Belize does not meet the international standard for prohibitions of hazardous work because children over 14 are permitted to work in dangerous activities like mining and construction. In addition, Belize has not adequately prohibited the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Citrus Fruits + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.016 + 1405 + 0.246 + 0.105 + 0.649 + + + 5-14 + 0.945 + + + 7-14 + 0.012 + + + 1.067 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 24 + Yes + Yes + 831 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 3 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Ensure that the law prohibits all forms of commercial sexual + exploitation of children ages 16 and 17. + + + Adopt a list of hazardous occupations and + activities prohibited for children and ensure that all children under age 18 + are prohibited from engaging in hazardous work. + + + Ensure that laws prohibit the use of children in + specific illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure + that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which light work + may be undertaken. + + + + + Ensure that law enforcement agencies have + sufficient resources, including vehicles, fuel, and inspectors, to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations, including in rural areas. + + + Prosecute and impose criminal penalties for the worst forms of child labor, including for government officials. + + + Publish complete information on enforcement efforts to + address child labor, including labor inspectorate funding. + + + Ensure that the level of inspections, including liquor license inspections, and penalties are sufficient to deter child labor law violations. + + + Improve transparency regarding the status of complaints that are being investigated. + + + Ensure inspections are conducted in all sectors most as risk for child labor, including mining, quarrying, and household activities. + + + Ensure that courts have sufficient personnel, including judges, to hear and try human trafficking cases in a timely manner. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor, including the CARE Model, on an annual basis. + + + + + Increase access to education by eliminating fees;improving educational facilities; hiring additional qualified teachers; and providing textbooks, uniforms, and meals. + + + Conduct a + comprehensive study of children’s activities to determine whether they are + engaged in or at risk for involvement in the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. + + + Implement programs to address commercial sexual exploitation of children and programs to assist children working in agriculture, fisheries, and construction. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Benin + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/benin + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Benin made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Benin provided criminal law enforcement data on investigations and prosecutions concerning the worst forms of child labor for publication in this report. The government also renewed and contributed funding to the Integrated National School Feeding Program, which provides meals at 75 percent of Benin's schools. Finally, labor inspectors, social workers, and judicial police officers received training from the Generale Directorate of Labor on standard operating procedures for child labor cases. However, children in Benin are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in the production of cotton and crushed granite. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work and street vending. There are many barriers to education, especially for children with disabilities. In addition, inadequate funding for the labor inspectorate may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Granite + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.679 + + + 7-14 + 0.168 + + + 0.735 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 11 + No + No + + + + 108000 + 72 + Yes + Yes + 953 + 104 + 27 + None + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 108 + 49 + 38 + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Establish by law free basic public education, including lower secondary education. + + + Raise the minimum age for compulsory education from 11 to 14 so it is consistent with the minimum age for admission to work. + + + + + Provide adequate training for labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives adequate funding, including for transportation, to carry out its mandate. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 72 to 120 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 4.8 million people. + + + Expand labor inspections in sectors with a high prevalence of child labor, including mining and quarrying, fishing, and domestic work. + + + Improve interministerial coordination in the planning and execution of labor inspections. + + + Allow the labor inspectorate to freely conduct inspections in the agriculture sector as permitted by the labor code. + + + Ensure that criminal offenses related to the worst forms of child labor are investigated and prosecuted under the relevant laws. + + + Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, including penalties imposed. + + + + + Ensure effective coordination among agencies, including by clarifying institutional mandates and improving communication regarding the collection and sharing of data. + + + + + Dedicate adequate resources to support the implementation of all policies related to child labor and child trafficking, including the National Action Plan to Fight Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Increase access to education by ensuring the safety of children, especially girls, in schools, providing access to sanitation facilities and feminine hygiene products, ensuring accommodations in schools for children with disabilities, providing reliable transportation to schools, improving school infrastructure, and increasing birth registration rates. + + + Institute + programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic work, agriculture, and mining and quarrying, and monitor and report + annually on the progress of these programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Education First Project + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Benin_EFP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional + + + + + Bhutan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bhutan + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Bhutan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Royal Government of Bhutan ratified the Palermo Protocol and the United Nations Protocol Against Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air. Additionally, the Royal Government conducted anti-trafficking training programs for 72 judges and conducted 7 awareness programs on countering human trafficking for over 2,600 students. However, children in Bhutan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, as a result of human trafficking, and forced domestic work and caregiving. Bhutan’s minimum age for work is inconsistent with international standards, and education is not compulsory. In addition, the government has not adopted a national policy to address child labor, including its worst forms and the government did not publicly release information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + + 5-14 + 0.038 + 6338 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.847 + + + 7-14 + 0.033 + + + 0.821 + + + + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 13 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unknown + 23 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Ensure + that laws on child labor comply with the international standard for the minimum + age of 15 years for work. + + + Make + primary education compulsory and establish a compulsory age for education that extends to 15 years old. + + + Make publicly available the legal statute that prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into Bhutan's military. + + + Criminally prohibit child + trafficking without needing proof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery. + + + + + Ensure + that the Department of Labor has the financial and human resources necessary to employ enough labor inspectors and effectively carry out necessary inspections to address child labor. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement information, including training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive refresher trainings on human trafficking to carry out their duties. + + + Ensure inspections are allowedbased on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents, including in private farms and homes. + + + Publish labor law enforcement information, including labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors,number of inspections conducted at worksites, and the number of child labor violations found. Ensure that data are disaggregated by labor violation type and penalties imposed. + + + Publish information about the referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services. + + + + + Ensure that National Commission for Women and Children receive enough funding allocations to effectively address child labor and that budget cuts to the coordinating program do not negatively impact children's' welfare. + + + + + Adopt a comprehensive policy or national action plan that addresses the worst forms of child labor and includes child labor prevention strategies. + + + + + Conduct a national child labor survey, including research to determine child labor activities in farming and construction, and + publish the results. + + + Implement + programs to make education more accessible for children living in remote + locations, children from nomadic communities and migrant populations, children with disabilities, including improve transportation facilities for long distance travel to schools. Ensure education access is also provided to children who are stateless or lacking proper documentation for school enrollment. + + + Create + social programs targeting working children, particularly in agriculture, and + children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic + work. + + + Publish information on whether the universal student attendance as part of the 12th Five-Year Plan has been implemented. + + + Publish information on whether the hotlines and shelters are operational, including the number of survivors each program serves. + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Bolivia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bolivia + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Bolivia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The municipal government of Santa Cruz trained 300 university students to volunteer in the Market Spaces program, designed to offer programming and support to over 500 children who often work in the markets with their families. The Ministry of Labor trained 8,850 people to help prevent child and forced labor. However, children in Bolivia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the harvesting of Brazil nuts, and mining. Although Bolivian law requires that apprentices attend school, it does not set a minimum age for participation in apprenticeships. In addition, prohibitions against child trafficking are insufficient because they require the use of threats, force, or coercion to be established for the crime. The government also did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + Brazil Nuts/Chestnuts + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + No + Yes + No + + + Corn + Yes + Yes + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Peanuts + No + Yes + No + + + Silver + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Tin + Yes + No + No + + + Zinc + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.154 + 286890 + 0.769 + 0.042 + 0.189 + + + 5-14 + 0.975 + + + 7-14 + 0.145 + + + 0.929 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 123 + Yes + Unknown + 423 + 0 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure + that the law prohibits children under the age of 14 from participating in + apprenticeships. + + + Ensure + that the law establishes 18 as the minimum age for compulsory recruitment by + the state military and criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under + age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 to 17 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits child trafficking by removing the requirement of theuse of threats, force, or coercion to be established for the crime. + + + + + Establish and maintain an Office of the Child Advocate in every municipality, allocating sufficient resources from municipal-level budgets to ensure that legal + protections are extended to all children who are permitted to work, that parents are assisted in registering their children for work. + + + Provide sufficient funding to increase the Ministry of Labor's capacity to ensure the adequate enforcement of child + labor laws. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 123 to 432 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 6.5 million. + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement, + including labor inspectorate funding, penalties imposed + and collected, and whether routine and unannounced inspections were conducted. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement, including training for criminal investigators; whether investigators receive training on the worst forms of child labor and refresher training; and disaggregated numbers on child labor investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions. + + + Ensure that there are systematized records or a consolidated database on the number of violations found related to child labor. + + + Provide + sufficient training, including training on human trafficking, to + criminal law enforcement agencies to ensure adequate enforcement of laws + related to the worst forms of child labor. Address issues of high rotation among police, prosecutors, and judges as well as judicial backlog to ensure adequate prosecution. + + + Ensure that new inspectors receive comprehensive training on child labor and all inspectors receive refresher course trainings each year. + + + Ensure that active measures are taken to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence perpetrators of crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that rural areas receive sufficient resources to address trafficking in persons crimes. + + + Conduct labor inspections in informal sectors known to have child labor. + + + + + Ensure that theNational Commission for the Progressive Eradication of Child Labor is active and able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + + + Establish + and implement a new national policy or national action plan to address child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Ensure resources are sufficient for accomplishing the mandate of thePlurinational Policy Against Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants. + + + + + Ensure that all children, regardless of migratory status, can access education and expand + national programs in rural areas to increase secondary school attendance. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient social programs and funding of shelters for survivors of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking throughout the country and that survivors are not cast out of shelters. + + + Conduct a comprehensive child labor survey so there is sufficient data to inform government actions to eliminate child labor. + + + Ensure that male survivors of human trafficking have access to shelters. + + + Increase the number of schools, teachers, and textbooks available for children in rural and indigenous communities. + + + Implement programs to address commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Attaining Lasting Change + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + ÑAUPAQMAN PURIY KEREIMBA: Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Bolivia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/naupaqman-puriy-kereimba-combating-exploitive-child-labor-through-education-bolivia + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bolivia_CECL_Closed_0.pdf + + + Combating Mining Child Labor Through Education in Bolivia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bolivia_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bosnia-and-herzegovina + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + UnwrapUnwrapnot apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. In 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. There was a notable increase in the severity of sentences handed down by cantonal courts for the crime of trafficking children. Additionally, the Anti-Trafficking Strike Force membership was expanded by the Ministry of Security to include representation from the Service for Foreigners' Affairs. However, children in Bosnia and Herzegovina are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging. Social programs dedicated to assisting children involved in forced begging do not have adequate resources, and representatives from the Ministries of Labor are not included in the National Anti-Trafficking Strike Force, which limits coordination efforts. Furthermore, as most child labor is in the informal sector, laws on the minimum age for work do not meet international standards because they do not apply to children who are self-employed or those working outside of formal employment relationships. + + + + 5-14 + 0.089 + 44017 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.837 + + + 7-14 + 0.106 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 191 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. + + + Ensure that BiH law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the laws criminally prohibit the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups and that + children are not punished for engagement in non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including forced begging and use in illicit activities. + + + Criminalize forced labor, debt bondage, and slavery separately from human trafficking in the laws of FBiH and BD. + + + Ensure that BiH law criminally prohibits using children for prostitution, production of pornography, and pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the laws of FBiH criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution. + + + + + Collect and publish information on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, number of inspections conducted at worksites; and number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive training on all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including hazardous work in agriculture. + + + Ensure that children are not penalized for being victims of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that law enforcement, judiciary officials, and social services providers are trained on government protocols in detecting cases of child trafficking—including trafficking of migrant children—and are able to properly identify victims, classify violations, use referral mechanisms, and prosecute offenders according to the law. + + + Create an official mechanism for referring children identified during labor inspections to social services providers. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are permitted to conduct inspections in the informal work sector. + + + Ensure that a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. + + + + + Ensure that all relevant ministries are represented in the Anti-Trafficking Strike Force. + + + + + Ensure that the government publishes information on policies that address child labor, including the Protocol on Cooperation and Treatment in Cases of Unlawful Behavior tothe Detriment of Children in Canton Sarajevo. + + + + + Ensure that inclusive education initiatives receive adequate funding. + + + Ensure that all children have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, accommodating children with disabilities, and preventing discrimination against minority students. + + + Ensure that all children have access to birth registration or identity documentation required to enroll in school. + + + Strengthen social protection measures by ensuring that programs such as Daily Centers and Centers for Social Welfare receive adequate financial and technical resources to assist vulnerable families and survivors of child labor. + + + Ensure sufficient resources to provide social services and education to potential and actual victims of domestic or international human trafficking, including unaccompanied minors. + + + Allow all Bosniak children in RS to access education in the Bosnian language and end the "Two Schools Under One Roof" practice to eliminate discrimination in schools based on ethnicity in FBiH. + + + Ensure that government support for outreach to street children extends beyond Sarajevo. + + + Publish information on social programs to address child labor, including Assistance for Trafficking Victims. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Botswana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/botswana + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Botswana made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government ratified the International Labor Organization's Labor Inspection Convention and the Labor Inspection (Agriculture) Convention, which outline mandates to promote effective labor inspection systems, including in the agricultural sector in which child labor is prevalent in the country. The Ministry of Labor also provided comprehensive information on its labor law enforcement efforts and partnered with a local NGO to conduct targeted inspections in key districts where there have been reports of child labor on commercial farms and cattle posts. However, children in Botswana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in cattle herding and domestic work. Key gaps remain in the country’s legal framework, including the lack of a minimum age for compulsory education and a list of hazardous work activities for children. The government also did not provide information on its criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. In addition, the design and implementation of social programs to address child labor are insufficient to fully address the scope of the problem, especially in commercial sexual exploitation, cattle herding, and domestic work. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.946 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + + 4650000 + 50 + No + No + 1007 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law's light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which light work may be undertaken by children age 14 and above. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include all sectors and activities in which child labor is known to occur that expose children to unhealthy environments and injury, including the handling of pesticides and agricultural chemicals. + + + Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the age of 15, the minimum age for employment. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of a child for prostitution. + + + + + Increase financial resources and specialized personnel within criminal law enforcement to ensure adequate processing and prosecution of child exploitation and abuse cases. + + + Publish information about criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, including training for investigators, number of investigations, prosecutions and convictions, and penalties imposed. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have authorization to access worksite premises and are able to conduct inspections at farms and domestic households. + + + Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties. + + + Ensure the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources and number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce all sectors, with special attention to agriculture, and all districts, including Ghanzi and Kgalagadi districts; increase the number of labor inspectors from 50 to 72 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 1.1 million people. + + + Institutionalize + training for all labor inspectors, including training on laws related to child labor. + + + Publish activities undertaken by all agencies responsible for child labor law enforcement in the country, including the District and Municipal Council Child Welfare Divisions and the Ministry of Justice. + + + + + Ensure that the Advisory Committee on Child Labor is active and able to carry out its intended mandate of overseeing government policies and efforts to prevent and eliminate child labor. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies, such as the + Education and Training Sector Strategic Plan and the Botswana National Youth + Policy. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the National Action Plan on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting year. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in all sectors and activities to inform effective policies and programs. + + + Develop programs to fully address the scope of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and cattle + herding. + + + Establish official government-run shelters to assist child survivors of worst forms of child labor, while ensuring that shelters have sufficient resources to attend to the care of older children. + + + Enhance efforts to remove educational barriers and make education accessible for all children by taking measures to reduce travel distances to reach schools; addressing language barriers and ethnic discrimination, including a lack of school materials in indigenous languages; preventing physical and sexual violence in schools; increasing resources for students with disabilities; and expanding birth registration and national identification for migrants and children born outside of health facilities. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement all key social programs related to child labor, including the shelters for victims of human trafficking, the National School Feeding Program, the Remote Area Development Program, the Orphan Care Program, and the Needy Children and Needy Students Program, and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor , Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf + + + + + Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/brazil + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Brazil made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published two updates to the national "Dirty List," which contains data on employers that the Ministry of Labor and Welfare found to be using slave labor, including that of children. The updated lists were published in April and October for a total of 184 newly listed employers. The Secretariat of Labor Inspection conducted over 1,368 child labor specific operations which resulted in the removal of 2,317 children from situations of child labor and the worst forms of child labor. The number of operations and rescues were the highest recorded in the last six years. Additionally, the government launched the Information System for Confronting Human Trafficking, which aims to generate data on the purposes and forms of recruitment, improve responses in addressing these crimes, and allow for detailed information on victims of human trafficking to be recorded. During the reporting period, the Rio de Janeiro City government launched the first Municipal Plan to Combat the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, which aims to improve existing policies focused on protecting and ensuring the rights of minors, including through the increase of awareness campaigns to address and eradicate child labor and the Auxílio Brasil program reached unprecedented levels by extending assistance to over 21,5 million families. However, children in Brazil are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Although Brazil made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, prohibitions against child trafficking require the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or abuse to be established for the crime of child trafficking and, therefore, do not meet international labor standards. The reported number of labor inspectors is likely not sufficient to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, and local governments lack the capacity to fully implement and monitor the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor and other social protection programs. + + + Acai + Yes + No + No + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Beef + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cashews + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + Yes + No + + + Ceramics + Yes + No + No + + + Charcoal + Yes + Yes + No + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + Yes + No + + + Corn + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + No + Yes + No + + + Hogs + Yes + No + No + + + Manioc/Cassava + Yes + No + No + + + Pineapples + Yes + No + No + + + Poultry + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Sheep + Yes + No + No + + + Sisal + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + Yes + No + + + Timber + No + Yes + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.021 + 638943 + 0.565 + 0.082 + 0.352 + + + 5-14 + 0.98 + + + 7-14 + 0.024 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + 6059361 + 1971 + Yes + Yes + 59588 + 2317 + 1170 + 406 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure + that laws do not require the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or + abuse to establish the crime of child trafficking. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 16 to 17 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Significantly + increase the number of labor inspectors from 1,971 to 7,000 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 105 million people. + + + Ensure that relevant enforcement agencies are able to coordinate on their efforts to collect data on cases of human trafficking for sexual exploitation and ensure that the data are disaggregated by victims’ ages. + + + Ensure + that all violators of the worst forms of child + labor violations are held accountable in accordance with the law. + + + Publish information related to criminal law enforcement efforts, such as the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Plan for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Adolescents III and the Federal Pact for the Eradication of Forced Labor and publish results from activities implemented by each plan during the reporting period. + + + + + Remove barriers to education, including by ensuring an adequate number of trained teachers, providing sufficient schools, improving school infrastructure, and taking steps to enroll children in rural areas. + + + Support local governments in the implementation and monitoring of the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor. + + + Provide adequate resources to state governments to ensure that child trafficking victims receive appropriate social services and ensure the availability of specialized shelters for child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that the government publishes the results of National Forced Labor Survey. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america + + + Supporting the Achievement of a Child Labor-Free State in Bahia, Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Bahia_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking for Forced Labor in Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_ForcedLabor_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Brazil - Support for the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Forced Labor in Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_FL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Statistical Program for the Advocacy of the Elimination of Child Labor in Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Footwear Industry of Vale dos Sinos, Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project + + + CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Project to Increase Worker Voice and Address Forced Labor, Child Labor, and Other Labor Violations in Cattle Raising Areas of Brazil and Paraguay + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-increase-worker-voice-and-address-forced-labor-child-labor-and-other-labor + + + Consolidating and Disseminating Efforts to Combat Forced Labor in Brazil and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/consolidating-and-disseminating-efforts-combat-forced-labor-brazil-and-peru-0 + + + + + British Virgin Islands + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/british-virgin-islands + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the British Virgin Islands, in 2022, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. There is no list of hazardous work prohibited for children in the British Virgin Islands, nor does the law criminalize the use of children in illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the minimum age for work of 16 years old is lower than the compulsory education age of 17 years old. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.145 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + No + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A*† + + No + N/A*† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Increase the minimum age of work from age 16 to age 17 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation of girls ages 16–17 and boys. + + + Ratify ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, byeliminating prohibitive school costs and violence in schools. + + + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + Burkina Faso + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burkina-faso + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Burkina Faso made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. On September 12, 2022, in collaboration with the UN, the government adopted a handover protocol, which considers child soldiers as victims and stipulates they must be transferred to social services by security forces if detained following military operations. The government also developed a mobile application for labor inspectors to use in carrying out their duties related to finding and removing children from dangerous or illegal work sites. Further, the National Coordination Committee for the National Strategy Plan to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor held its first meeting, finalizing the 2021 implementation report of the National Strategy to End the Worst Forms of Child Labor; and translated the dangerous work list decree into five local languages. Lastly, the government validated the 2023–2027 Strategic Plan on Eliminating Child and Forced Labor in the Cotton, Textile, and Garment Value Chains. However, children in Burkina Faso are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in farming and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in artisanal gold mining. The Labor Code does not identify the light work activities in which children may engage. The government also lacked resources for the enforcement of child labor laws and did not release information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gold + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Granite + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.357 + 849922 + 0.8 + 0.056 + 0.144 + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.649 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 20 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 225000 + 180 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ensure that laws determine the light work activities in which children are permitted to engage. + + + + + Ensure a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services and is operational. + + + Ensure that labor law enforcement receives + sufficient human and financial resources to fulfill its mandates, including conducting an + adequate number of inspections, and following up after preliminary inspections + to ensure remediation of notices to comply with labor law obligations. + + + Publish statistics on labor law enforcement efforts, including the labor inspectorate's funding, number of labor inspectors employed, number and type of labor inspections + conducted, the number of child labor violations found, the number of penalties imposed and collected, number of inspections conducted at worksites, the number of targeted and routine inspections, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. + + + Establish and publish data on a mechanism to log all calls to the government child protection hotline and to track cases of child labor for referral to law + enforcement or social services providers. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement authorities and frontline + responders apply standard victim identification and referral procedures + uniformly. + + + Publish statistics on criminal law enforcement + efforts, including training for criminal investigators, number of investigations, violations found, + prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and penalties imposed. + + + Take active measures, including ensuring a mechanism is operational, to ensure that children are not inappropriately incarcerated, detained with adults, penalized, or physically harmed solely for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of their subjection to the worst forms of child labor, such as child soldiering. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 180 to 209 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 8.4 million people. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate + resources, such as computers and electricity, to accomplish their mandates. + + + Enhance coordination and collaborative processes and procedures among ministries, law enforcement, and social services. + + + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor, including the National Child Protection Strategy, and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Improve access to education by eliminating + school-related fees and other costs, such as uniforms, by increasing the number of schools and teachers in rural + areas, ensuring access to affordable transportation, and ending violence in schools. + + + Ensure that children are registered at birth and that IDPs have access to the requisite documentation to gain access to social services, including education. + + + Expand existing programs to fully address child + labor in cotton production and gold mining. + + + Establish a social program to ensure that IDP and other vulnerable children have access to education and thus reduce their risk of exposure to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Reducing Child Labor through Education and Service + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reducing-child-labor-through-education-and-service-r-cles + + + Training and Education Against Trafficking + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/BurkinaFaso_TREAT_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + West Africa Regional Mining + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Burma + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burma + Indo-Pacific + No + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2022, Burma is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, Burma is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated complicity in the use of forced child labor. During the reporting period, the regime’s military continued to force civilians, including children, to work in non-combat roles as porters, cleaners, cooks, and agricultural laborers in conflict areas. Otherwise, the government made efforts by enacting the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons Law, which establishes that a child trafficking offense does not require a demonstration of force, fraud, or coercion. Children in Burma are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the forced recruitment of children for use in armed conflict by armed groups, and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The vulnerability of Rohingya children to the worst forms of child labor remained high as many continued to be denied access to education and livelihoods because of restrictions on their movements imposed by the regime. The regime also has not published a hazardous work list of activities prohibited by children, as required by the Child Rights Law. In addition, the regime did not publicly release information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + Bamboo + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Beans + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Garments + Yes + No + No + + + Jade + Yes + Yes + No + + + Palm Thatch + No + Yes + No + + + Rice + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Rubber + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Rubies + Yes + Yes + No + + + Sesame + No + Yes + No + + + Shrimp + No + Yes + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Sunflowers + No + Yes + No + + + Teak + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + 0.004 + 39370 + 0.575 + 0.112 + 0.313 + + + 5-14 + 0.953 + + + 7-14 + 0.001 + + + 0.954 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 10 + No + No + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + 4 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Provides criminal penalties for the use, procuring, and offering of children under age 18 for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Raise the minimum age for compulsory education from 11 to + 14 so it is consistent with the minimum age for admission to work. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for childrenas required by the Child Rights Law. + + + + + Employ at least 565 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 22.6 million people. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors refer survivors of child labor to the Department of Social Welfare for social services. + + + Publish data related + to labor law enforcement, including funding for the labor inspectorate, number of labor inspectors, whether training was provided for new and existing labor inspectors, number of labor inspections conducted, number of child labor violations found, whether routine and unannounced inspections were conducted, and whether a complaint mechanism and reciprocal referral mechanism exists. + + + Ensure penalties imposed for the recruitment and use of children in the military are commensurate with the seriousness of these crimes. + + + Ensure that penalties for labor law violations are severe enough to deter violations. + + + Publish data related to criminal law enforcement, including the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed related to child labor, as well as information on training for criminal investigators and whether a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social service providers. + + + Improve oversight of military policy and monitoring of recruitment procedures to prevent the + recruitment of children as front-line combatants by the national military and + non-state armed groups in conflict areas. + + + Ensure that labor inspections occur outside of the main urban centers and in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including agriculture, mining, construction, and fishing. + + + Ensure that prior notice of unannounced inspections is not given to factory owners and that inspectors interview workers when conducting labor inspections. + + + Provide adequate funding and equipment to the labor inspectorate. + + + Investigate and, where appropriate, prosecute regime and law enforcement authorities alleged to have participated in, facilitated, or profited from human trafficking, including those accepting bribes and pressuring victims not to seek legal redress against perpetrators. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive sufficient training on child labor. + + + Ensure theNational Complaints Mechanism for Forced Labor is adequately funded and staffed to receive complaints related to forced labor. + + + Cease the practice of arresting and detaining victims of the worst forms of child labor and ensure they are referred to the appropriate social services. + + + Ensure the Myanmar Police Force has sufficient resources, specifically an adequate number of police officers and supporting personnel, to investigate alleged child labor crimes, including in rural areas. + + + Prevent the practice of civilian brokers facilitating entry of underage recruits into the military. + + + + + Ensure frequent and regular coordination, including communication, across all government ministries related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that National Committee on Child Labor Eradication and the Forced Labor Committee are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Remedy the backlog of child soldier cases in the Committee on Prevention of Recruitment of Child Soldiers. + + + + + Adopt a policy that + addresses all worst forms of child labor, such as forced child labor and + commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement all policies, including the Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan, the Five-Year National Plan of Action (NPA) to Combat Trafficking in Persons, and Myanmar National Action Plan on Elimination of Child Labour (2019-2023), and publish results from activities implemented on an annual basis. + + + + + Develop and implement education programs that reduce physical barriers for children who live long distances from schools, eliminate prohibitive expenses for attending school, and accommodate children who face language barriers, including those from ethnic communities. + + + Ensure that the Ministry + of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement has sufficient resources and personnel to provide services to victims of the worst forms of child labor, including reintegration support at the Department of Rehabilitation. + + + Remove restrictions and barriers to education access for Rohingya children, such as citizenship requirements for them to attend school. + + + Develop and implement + programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including forced child labor, and the + commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Develop and implement a program that ensures the safe return of Rohingya refugees, including children, to the Rakhine State. + + + Make efforts to prevent schools from being attacked by withdrawing military regime personnel and members of non-state armed groups from occupied schools. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + My-PEC: Myanmar Program on the Elimination of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/my-pec-myanmar-program-elimination-child-labor-0 + + + + + Burundi + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burundi + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Burundi made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Burundian government significantly increased funding for labor inspections, a fourteen-fold increase from 2021. The government, in collaboration with the United Nations Children's Fund, also developed a national strategy to increase the integration of Batwa children into schools. Furthermore, members of Burundi's newly formalized Consultation and Monitoring Commission on Prevention and Repression of Trafficking in Persons validated a new national action plan on human trafficking, pending approval from authorities and final adoption by the Office of the Prime Minister. However, children in Burundi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining.Burundi's compulsory education age, 15, is lower than its minimum age for work, 16, leaving children vulnerable to labor exploitation. The government also failed to provide comprehensive criminal law enforcement data related to the worst forms of child labor and lacked resources to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations. Lastly, Burundi has insufficient social programs to address child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.694 + + + 7-14 + 0.305 + + + 0.53 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + + 38510 + 40 + Yes + Yes + 1000 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Increase the compulsory education age from 15 years old to 16 years old to align with the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure free public education through lower secondary is explicitly guaranteed by law. + + + + + Increase + the number of labor inspectors from 40 to 125 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 5 million people. + + + Provide sufficient funding and resources to the Inspector General of Work and Social Security to cover needs such as travel, fuel, and computer equipment. + + + Publish + information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed related to the + criminal enforcement of child labor laws. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive adequate training on laws pertaining to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that children engaged in begging are not arrested, and that they receive adequate social services and reintegration support. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies and other agencies responsible for responding to human trafficking have the resources, guidance, and capacity necessary to investigate cases and provide services to survivors. + + + Conduct targeted inspections in sectors and geographic areas in which child labor is known to be prevalent, including in agriculture and the informal sector. + + + Strengthen referral mechanisms between law enforcement agencies, social services, and civil society organizations to ensure that cases are properly investigated, survivors receive services. + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of routine targeted inspections. + + + + + Ensure that theConsultation and Monitoring Commission on Prevention and Repression of Trafficking in Personsis provided with sufficient resources and training to collect data and report effectively on cases of human trafficking. + + + Improve the capacity of the Multisector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor to ensure coverage in areas outside of the capital city. + + + + + Adopt policies that + address all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national child labor action plan and a national trafficking in persons action plan. + + + + + Increase + access to education by eliminating school-related fees; increasing the number of educators; expanding infrastructure to accommodate the needs of female and disabled students; and increasing birth registration rates for populations such as the Batwa ethnic group. + + + Institute new programs and expand existing ones in sectors in which child labor is prevalent, including in agriculture. + + + Collect and publish data on child labor prevalence across relevant sectors. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Cabo Verde + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cabo-verde + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Cabo Verde made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The General Legal Framework for the Protection of Children and Adolescents was drafted and approved by legislators during the reporting period. The Framework contains provisions and formalizes procedures for assisting children in danger, including victims of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. The government also reported its first worst forms of child labor conviction in recent years, imposing a 10-year sentence against an individual for the prostitution of a 14 year old minor. Additionally, the government began working on a new National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons, and the Cabo Verdean Institute for Children and Adolescents and the National Statistics Institute conducted a survey on children, which included statistics on child labor. However, children in Cabo Verde are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although Cabo Verde made efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, laws prohibiting forced labor are not sufficient as they do not criminalize practices similar to slavery or debt bondage and forced or compulsory labor. In addition, coordination among law enforcement agencies is limited and social programs to assist children involved in agriculture and domestic work are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem. + + + + 10-14 + 0.032 + 2392 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.901 + + + 10-14 + 0.017 + + + 1.0 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 372693 + 20 + Yes + Yes + 724 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 2 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Prescribe + by law the number of hours per week and conditions under which light work may be + undertaken by children. + + + Ensure that laws + prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery and practices similar to slavery, including debt bondage and forced or compulsory labor. + + + + + Ensure + that criminal investigators receive sufficient financial and human resources to conduct thorough investigations, including investigations of child labor. + + + Ensure that the number of labor inspectors is sufficient to address the scope of the problem. + + + Develop a system to compile and share comprehensive anti-trafficking in persons and victim identification data among criminal enforcement agencies to improve coordination efforts. + + + Ensure that the judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be prosecuted in a timely manner. + + + Ensure that the Inspectorate General for Labor is provided with an adequate budget to fulfill all its needs. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Institute + programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Ensure that students with special needs and children in remote areas have equal access to education, including by providing adequate transportation. + + + Conduct awareness-raising activities on human trafficking, including child sex tourism, on all nine inhabited islands. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + + + Cambodia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cambodia + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Cambodia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Cambodialaunched and committed $10 million to the National Action Plan on Early Childhood Care and Development, which aims to provide equitable and inclusive early childhood education and prioritizes an expansion of early learning curriculum, improved teaching materials, and a strengthened preschool workforce.Cambodia's Inter-Ministries Technical Working Group also drafted the Child Protection Law, which outlines children's rights and provides detailed information on how officials should conduct child-centered case management and referrals to social services.Despite initiatives to address child labor, Cambodia is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement practices that delay advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to take active measures to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials who participate in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation of children and debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. In addition, judges, police, and labor inspectors were reported to have accepted bribes to overlook child labor offenses in the country, especially when the perpetrator had alleged ties with the government. Children in Cambodia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced labor in brickmaking. The government also failed to publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts. Moreover, the lack of regulation in the microfinance industry has led to debt bondage and an increase in child labor. + + + Alcoholic Beverages + Yes + No + No + + + Bovines + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Manioc/Cassava + Yes + No + No + + + Meat + Yes + No + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + Salt + Yes + No + No + + + Shrimp + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles + Yes + No + No + + + Timber + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.075 + 243371 + 0.768 + 0.055 + 0.178 + + + 5-14 + 0.876 + + + 7-14 + 0.063 + + + 0.907 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unknown + 592 + Yes + Yes + 252 + 1 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of a child for pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law a compulsory education age, and ensure that it is same as the minimum age to work of age 15. + + + Ensure the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those engaged in informal work in domestic work and employed by their relatives. + + + + + Build the capacity of labor law enforcement authorities to enforce child and forced labor regulations by providing more technical training opportunities on how to properly identify child labor during inspections, and offer sufficient resources to labor law authorities to ensure the enforcement of child labor laws through investigations and inspections, including unannounced inspections. + + + Collect, properly store, and publicly + release disaggregated data on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, initial training for new criminal investigators, the number of prosecutions initiated, the number of convictions, and the number of penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Establish and uniformly administer penalties for violations of laws on child labor, including its worst forms, in accordance with the parameters prescribed by law. + + + Ensure that all criminal law enforcement officials are sufficiently trained on the techniques of how to conduct anti-trafficking work, particularly those located in rural areas and in brick kilns. + + + Ensure that malfeasance is addressed in all law enforcement agencies, including not accepting bribes to influence the outcome of cases, providing tip offs in advance of raids, and investigating and prosecuting politically connected individuals and government officials who are complicit in facilitating and profiting from the worst forms of child labor. + + + Protect and prevent intimidation of human trafficking victims and allow them access to protection services pending court proceedings. + + + Ensure that the Commune Committees for Women and Children are sufficiently funded and able to carry out their intended mandate. + + + Ensure that funding for criminal law enforcement agencies is sufficient to cover all expenses, including transportation costs, for law enforcement officials. + + + Ensure inspectors conduct inspections in informal sectors where children are believed to work ("special inspections") routinely and not only when a specific request or violation was reported. + + + Ensure and permit labor inspectors to conduct unannounced inspections in all sectors in which child labor are reported to occur - including in the construction and entertainment sectors - and impose penalties when child labor violations are found. + + + Ensure inspectors of construction sites are trained on child labor violations and that such training is coordinated withMinistry of Labor and Vocational Training'slabor inspectorate. + + + Increase regulation of microfinance and lending institutions to reduce the population's vulnerability to child labor and debt-based coercion; provide support to children whose families are victims of predatory microfinance institutions. + + + Develop procedures to ensure the appropriate penalization of human trafficking offenders, including monitoring human trafficking perpetrators pending trial and ensuring the collection of restitution for victims of human trafficking. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 592 to 601 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 9 million people. + + + + + Ensure that annual reports produced by the National Committee for Counter Trafficking are comprehensive by improving data collection and monitoring methods of trafficking in persons cases. + + + Improve inter-ministerial coordination to address child labor. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Cambodia Child Protection Program (2009–2023) during the reporting year. + + + Publish the extended Action Plan to Prevent and Respond to Violence Against Children (2017–2023). + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Plans of Action on Combatting the Worst Forms of Child Labor (2016–2025) during the reporting period. + + + + + Increase access to free + basic education by eliminating unofficial school-related fees; eliminating the requirement of birth certificate to enroll in school; addressing issues related + to limited transportation and inadequate school infrastructure, including the unsafe "floating schools" on or near fishing communities; eliminating barriers to school for ethnic minority children, indigenous children, children with disabilities, girls, and children from rural and disadvantaged communities; and providing safe, sanitary schools with access to water and latrines. + + + Expand social protection + safety nets in rural areas to ensure that poor children and their families have + access to services that may mitigate the risk of involvement in child labor. + + + Strengthen child protection services, gatekeeping mechanisms, and the alternative care system to reduce the number of children unnecessarily placed in residential care and ensure that Residential Care Facilities and orphanages protect the health and well-being of children living in them. + + + Provide sufficientresources to all social programs so that they can fully address the extent of child labor in Cambodia, including online sexual exploitation of children. + + + Establish a system to accurately capture and monitor the reintegration of victims of the worst forms of child labor, including human trafficking. + + + Publish the results of the 2019 nationwide child labor survey. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Cambodians EXCEL: Eliminating eXploitative Child Labor through Education and Livelihoods + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cambodians-excel-eliminating-exploitative-child-labor-through-education-and + + + To Contribute to Developing National Capacities to Achieve the 2015 National Child Labor Reduction Targets and the ILO Global Targets for Ending the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cambodia by 2016 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Children's Empowerment through Education Services : Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cambodia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_CHES_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Reintegration of Trafficked Women + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TraffickedWomen_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Support to the Cambodian National Plan of Action on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor: A Time-Bound Approach + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Options: Combating Child Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_OPTIONS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Hazardous Work in Salt Production, Rubber Plantations and Fish/Shrimp Processing Sectors in Cambodia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_HazardousSectors_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- + addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean + + + Other: External Audits of USDOL Funded Projects + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_RoundV_IPEC_FY08_0.pdf + + + + + Cameroon + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cameroon + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Cameroon made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Officials from the East Regional Delegate of the Ministry of Social Affairs identified 3,000 children engaged in child labor at 46 mining sites. In addition, the government inaugurated a new anti-trafficking hotline, 1503, in cooperation with the International Organization for Migration. Finally, the Government of Cameroon supported access to education by distributing 1,803,906 free textbooks to students at 13,000 primary schools and hiring an additional 3,000 primary school teachers. However, children in Cameroon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in the recruitment by non-state armed groups for use in conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in cocoa production and gold mining. The government has not addressed gaps in Cameroon's legal framework regarding the prohibition of use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, and the prohibition of the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.8 + + + 7-14 + 0.424 + + + 0.655 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + + Unknown + 224 + Yes + Yes + 5481 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Criminally prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, + including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children + under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for compulsory education from 12 to 14 so it is consistent with the minimum age for admission to work. + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, + the use of force, or coercion to be considered child trafficking, and that all + children under age 18 are protected. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for + children are comprehensive and include work at dangerous + heights and underwater. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations, the number of prosecutions, the number of convictions, and whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 224 to 772 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 11.6 million people. + + + Ensure + that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient funding, including for transportation, to carry out its mission. + + + Strengthen + the labor inspectorate by conducting inspections in all sectors, including the mining sector and the informal sector. + + + Establish a mechanism for the Ministry of Labor and Social Security to receive child labor complaints. + + + Ensure that the National Referral System and Standard Operating Procedures work effectively to coordinate the identification and assistance of human trafficking victims. + + + Publish information on labor inspectorate funding. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement receive adequate training and funding to investigate cases of the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure + that the National Committee to Combat Child Labor receives sufficient resources to carry out its stated mandates. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst + forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure + that the number of schools, teachers, and sanitation facilities + are adequate throughout the country. + + + Expand + existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem in Cameroon. + + + Take measures to increase birth registration and expand access to identity documents to ensure children have access to education + and other social protection mechanisms. + + + Ensure that children are able to access education by eliminating or defraying the cost of informal school fees, books, and uniforms. + + + Ensure that internally displaced and refugee children have access to education, and ensure that schools remain free from violence and are not re-appropriated for other purposes. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Central African Republic + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/central-african-republic + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, the Central African Republic made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed and ratified a Trafficking in Persons Law, which creates a prosecutorial framework for trafficking offenses and establishes broad protections and services for trafficking victims, regardless of their immigration status. It also established a National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Children, which includes a specific focus on preventing children from being recruited and used in conflict. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Central African Republic is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement practices that delay advancement to eliminate child labor. Government security forces recruited children for support roles during the reporting period in violation of national law. The government also coordinated with an armed group that recruited and used children in armed conflict and some children accused of aiding armed groups were detained in facilities for incarcerated adults. Children in the Central African Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including recruitment and use in armed conflict and forced labor in diamond mining. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture and domestic work. Other gaps remain, as the Central African Republic does not meet the international standard for minimum age protections since the law does not cover children working in the informal sector. + + + Diamonds + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.681 + + + 7-14 + 0.397 + + + 0.547 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unknown + 167 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 0 + 0 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that all + children are protected by law, including children working outside of formal + employment relationships. + + + Determine the types + of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and + workers’ organizations, and ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited + for children are comprehensive. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 to 15 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Publish laws establishing the compulsory education age of 15. + + + Establish and publishlegislation providing forfreebasicpubliceducation through lower secondary school. + + + + + Ensure + that judicial and criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient funding and training and ensure that citizens can report violations and access formal judicial processes throughout + the country. + + + Publish complete criminal law enforcement data, including the number of convictions and of penalties imposed. + + + Ensure + that the labor inspectorate has sufficient financial and material resources,including transportation, office facilities and supplies, and computers,to + enforce child labor laws. + + + Ensure + that children used in armed conflict are not imprisoned, includingin facilities for incarcerated adults,and are granted access to social services providers and + humanitarian assistance. + + + Ensure that regional labor inspection offices are under the supervision and control of a central authority, and that regional directorates submit periodic reports on inspection activities. + + + Ensure that formal penalties or sanctions are imposed for child labor law violations,rather than conciliation,as appropriate. + + + Ensure that referral mechanisms for children found in child labor situations are well-funded and fully operational. + + + Publish complete labor enforcement data, including labor inspectorate funding, number and type of inspections conducted, number of child labor violations found, number of violations for which penalties were imposed, and number for which penalties were collected. + + + Ensure that the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections, including unannounced inspections. + + + Ensure that inspectors use their own transportation rather than accepting transportation from employers to ensure impartiality. + + + Ensure judicial officials receive sufficient training so they prosecute cases instead of resolving them through mediation. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanism that addresses all forms of child labor, including in mining, agriculture, and domestic work. + + + + + Adopt + a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including in mining, agriculture, and domestic work. + + + Ensure that signatories to the Political Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation uphold their commitments, cease the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, and publish efforts to implement the agreement on an annual basis. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the Child Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Policy and publish results from activities undertaken on an annual basis. + + + + + Improve + access to education for all children, regardless of IDP status or religious affiliation, by eliminating school-related fees; making additional efforts to provide all children with birth registration; ensuring that religious minorities are not denied access to education; improvingbasic educational infrastructure throughout the country, including buildings and adequate furniture, sanitary facilities, teachers, and supplies;and ensuring that schools are safe spaces and free from + armed groups. + + + Expand + programs to assist former child soldiers and children associated with armed + groups, support their reintegration into society, and improve coordination among relevant actors. + + + Allocate sufficient + resources and implement programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and child labor in mining, throughout the country. + + + + + No + No + No + + + + Chad + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/chad + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Chad made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government collaborated with the United Nations Children's Fund and the European Union to modernize the civil registry with the aim of increasing access to birth registration. In February 2022, the government also ratified the International Convention on the Protection of Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. However, children in Chad are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in domestic work and cattle herding. The government did not provide sufficient data on law enforcement efforts and does not have policies or programs to address all worst forms of child labor in the country, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.391 + + + 7-14 + 0.27 + + + 0.445 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 36 + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that laws specifically prohibit children from being used, + offered, or procured for illicit activities. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 to 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Ensure that the role of the Child Protection Brigade's (CPB) child trafficking and child labor complaint mechanism is well-known and understood by the public. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate provides inspectors with sufficient resources—including training, transportation, and budget allocations—to conduct inspections in + both the formal and informal sectors. + + + Collect, store, and publish data on law enforcement efforts in a central database, including + information about labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of + inspections conducted, whether violations were found, penalties imposed, and fees + collected, and whether criminal investigators received training, the number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 36 to 139 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies are sufficiently funded, have sufficient access to electricity and Internet at judicial facilities, that law enforcement officers are trained and that existing penalties are enforced + according to the law. + + + Ensure a sufficient number of service providers are available for child survivors of trafficking so survivors are not housed with their traffickers. + + + Ensure that the judicial system receives sufficient resources, including training and funding for infrastructure, to effectively prosecute cases and manage data on the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that judges continue to prosecute child labor offenses to the full extent of the law and that officials who interfere with legal mechanisms and processes are penalized. + + + + + Ensure + that the Working Group on the Worst Forms of Child Labor isactive and receives adequate resources to carry out its mandate. + + + + + Adopt + a policy to address all relevant worst forms of child labor in Chad, including human trafficking. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework and that data on + these activities are published. + + + + + Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related + fees; increasing the number of schools, + grade levels, classrooms, and teachers available throughout the country; implementing programs to increase enrollment of girls; and providing accommodations for students with disabilities. + + + Ensure that existing programs receive adequate funding to support survivors of child labor throughout the country, and that programs are implemented as intended. + + + Establish or expand programs to provide services to children engaged in + the worst forms of child labor, such as forced child labor in + herding cattle, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that all children + are issued birth certificates, which may be required for school enrollment. + + + Conduct research to determine + the activities carried out by children working in agriculture to inform + policies and programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Chile + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/chile + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Chile made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Chile passed laws that prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, raised the maximum prison sentences for those guilty of committing child trafficking crimes, and guaranteed the rights of children to be protected from economic exploitation. The Ministerial Advisory Commission for the Eradiation of Child Labor and Protection of Working Adolescents also held several meetings on inspection guidelines for the labor directorate, which resulted in the creation of a manual and training modules on child labor and migration for enforcement personnel. In addition, Chile participated in the Alliance 8.7 Strategic Workshop as a Pioneer Country to renew its roadmap for attaining sustainable development goal 8.7. However, children in Chile are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children are also subjected to involvement in the production and trafficking of drugs. The minimum working age in Chile is lower than the age for compulsory education, which may encourage children to begin working before the completion of their schooling. Furthermore, migrant children face significant barriers to education, including a lack of transportation and discrimination in educational settings. + + + + 5-14 + 0.038 + 94025 + 0.293 + 0.103 + 0.604 + + + 5-14 + 0.995 + + + 7-14 + 0.045 + + + 1.015 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 9700000 + 350 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 186 + 172 + 172 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 509 + 43 + 25 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 18 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient vehicles to + carry out their duties. + + + Ensure + that judges do not suspend or commute sentences for commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Publish information on the number of labor inspections conducted at the worksite. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 350 to 611 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 9.2 million people. + + + Ensure that there are adequate shelters available for child victims of human trafficking. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that the National Action Plan Against Human Trafficking is approved at the ministerial level and implemented. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Third Action Plan against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents and that information on these activities are made publicly available. + + + + + Ensure that educational barriers, such as the lack of transportation to school in rural areas and discrimination of migrant children in educational settings, are addressed to prevent child labor. + + + Ensure that programs established to address child labor are properly funded and active, and that activities they undertake are publicized. + + + Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children working in forestry, hunting, and fishing to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that male survivors of human trafficking have access to shelters and specialized services. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf + + + + + China + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/china + Indo-Pacific + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Artificial Flowers + No + Yes + No + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Christmas Decorations + No + Yes + No + + + Coal + No + Yes + No + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Electronics + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Fireworks + Yes + Yes + No + + + Fish + No + Yes + No + + + Footwear + No + Yes + No + + + Garments + No + Yes + No + + + Gloves + No + Yes + No + + + Hair Products + No + Yes + No + + + Nails + No + Yes + No + + + Polysilicon + No + Yes + No + + + Textiles + Yes + Yes + No + + + Thread/Yarn + No + Yes + No + + + Tomato Products + No + Yes + No + + + Toys + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Ingots + No + No + No + + + Lithium + No + No + No + + + Solar Cells + No + No + No + + + Solar Modules + No + No + No + + + Wafers + No + No + No + + + + + Christmas Island + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/christmas-island + Indo-Pacific + No + No Assessment + For the 2022 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Christmas Islands' efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the country has an adequate legal and enforcement framework on child labor. However, during the reporting period, the Work Health and Safety Act 2020 took effect, which increased protections for children 16- and 17-years old working in mines for the purposes of apprenticeships. In addition,the Government of Australia ratified the International Labor Organization Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention of 1930 and tabled for consideration in Federal Parliament the Minimum Age Convention (No. 138) of 1973.Lastly, the Government of Australia issued its annual report detailing efforts to carry out the Modern Slavery Act and continued to fund cash assistance programs. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17.5 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17.5 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + Cocos (Keeling) Islands + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cocos-(keeling)-islands + Indo-Pacific + No + No Assessment + For the 2022 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Cocos (Keeling) Islands' efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the country has an adequate legal and enforcement framework on child labor. However, during the reporting period, the Work Health and Safety Act 2020 took effect, which increased protections for children 16- and 17-years old working in mines for the purposes of apprenticeships.In addition,the Government of Australia ratified the International Labor Organization Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention of 1930 and tabled for consideration in Federal Parliament the Minimum Age Convention (No. 138) of 1973.Lastly, the Government of Australia issued its annual report detailing efforts to carry out the Modern Slavery Act andcontinued to fund cash assistance programs. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17.5 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17.5 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/colombia + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Significant Advancement + In 2022, Colombia made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Through Law 2205 of 2022, the government amended the Code of Criminal Procedure to prioritize investigations and prosecutions in notable crimes involving child and adolescent survivors, including some of the worst forms of child labor, and created a Special Unit in the Judicial Police to develop strategies related to such crimes. The government increased the number of labor inspectors from 885 to 1,165, developed an Elite Group of Inspectors to focus on child labor, and increased the capacity of labor inspectors to identify children at risk.Through 161 child labor-related assistance activities, the government reached approximately 80 percent of the country's municipalities. Additionally, the government increased Venezuelan migrant children's enrollment in the education system by approximately 20 percent compared to the year prior. However, children in Colombia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.In addition, inadequate resource allocation for the labor inspectorate, including an insufficient number of labor inspectors, may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. Finally,existing social programs are insufficient to address the scope of the worst forms of child labor in Colombia. + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Coal + Yes + No + No + + + Coca + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Emeralds + Yes + No + No + + + Fruit + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Grapes + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.025 + 196518 + 0.769 + 0.159 + 0.072 + + + 5-14 + 0.918 + + + 7-14 + 0.026 + + + 1.045 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 1255755 + 1165 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 10 + 1 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 2219 + 585 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 18 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 1,165 to 1,606 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 24.1 million people. + + + Publish information on the number of inspections conducted at worksites, number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, number of convictions for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor, and imposed penalties for violations to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Enhance the case management system to track the entire criminal process, including the number of convictions (sentencing) and survivor services referrals. + + + Conduct unannounced inspections to identify violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase funding for the Labor Inspectorate to ensure it is capable of conducting inspections throughout the country. + + + Publish the number of children removed from child labor thanks to inspections, including information on the number of children who receive social services too. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Expand efforts to improve access to education and alleviate poverty for all children, especially those in a rural and marginalized urban environments, including by ensuring adequate transportation to school, improving school infrastructure, and addressing violence affecting school attendance. + + + Expand social programs to sufficiently address the scope of the worst forms of child labor, particularly commercial sexual exploitation, forced begging, and recruitment for use in illicit activities. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project + + + CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf + + + Equal Access to Quality Jobs for Women and Girls in Agriculture in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/equal-access-quality-jobs-women-and-girls-agriculture-equal-colombia + + + Pilares: Building the Capacity of Civil Society to Combat Child Labor and Improve Working Conditions in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/pilares-building-capacity-civil-society-combat-child-labor-and-improve-working + + + Colombia Avanza + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/colombia-avanza + + + Somos Tesoro : Project to Reduce Child Labor in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/somos-tesoro-we-are-treasure-project-reduce-child-labor-colombia + + + Promoting Compliance with International Labor Standards + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-compliance-international-labor-standards + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Exploitative Child Labor Through Education in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Small-Scale Mining in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Palma Futuro: Preventing and Reducing Child Labor and Forced Labor in Palm Oil Supply Chains + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/palma-futuro-preventing-and-reducing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-palm-oil-supply + + + + + Comoros + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/comoros + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Comoros made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established a National Brigade for the Repression of Illegal Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons and the National Committee on the Prevention of Illegal Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons to bolster its anti-trafficking efforts. Further, it doubled the number of labor inspections carried out in 2022 compared to the previous year. However, children in Comoros are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in agriculture. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Comoros' Labor Code applies only to workers with a formal work agreement, leaving child laborers, particularly those in the informal sector, vulnerable to exploitation. In addition, the legal framework defines child trafficking as requiring the use of force, fraud, or coercion, which does not conform with international standards. Finally, Comoros lacks a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + 0.23 + 42145 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.815 + + + 7-14 + 0.208 + + + 0.767 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 0 + 3 + Yes + Yes + 50 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions set age 13 as the minimum age, prescribe the number of hours per week that light work may be undertaken, and + specify the conditions under which light work may be conducted, as defined by + international standards on child labor. + + + Ensure that the law’s minimum age for work provisions and + protections apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. + + + Align child trafficking laws with international standards by ensuring that force, fraud, or coercion are not required elements in child trafficking cases. + + + Establish by law the right to free basic education. + + + Raise + the minimum age for work from 15 to 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Establish and use a reciprocal survivor referral mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services. + + + Provide the labor inspectorate with an operating budget for resources, training, transportation, and equipment to provide + adequate coverage of the workforce. + + + Publish information on the number of criminal law investigations, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and penalties assessed related to cases of the worst forms of + child labor. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate uses its authority to conduct unannounced inspections rather than relying solely on incoming complaints to initiate inspections. + + + Provide additional trainings to criminal law enforcement personnel and judges, as well as expand the allocation of resources, transportation, and equipment, to enhance criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 3 to 6 to ensure adequate coverage of a labor force of approximately 229,000 people. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors expand their coverage of the informal sector. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate fulfills its mandate to collect and publish data and statistics related to inspection efforts on an annual basis. + + + + + Ensure that the National Committee Against Child Labor carries out its intended mandate. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a new National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and that data on these activities are published on an annual basis. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, by offering appropriate facilities to meet the needs of girls, improving infrastructure, teacher availability, and by addressing school violence. + + + Implement and expand existing programs to address the scope of + the child labor problem, particularly in agriculture, fishing, domestic, and informal work. + + + Collect and publish data on the prevalence of child labor and the types of work children perform in Comoros. + + + Ensure that social program personnel, such as those in the Services d'Ecoute, have adequate and relevant training to be able to appropriately respond to the needs of child survivors, including those abused by religious leaders. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + + + Congo Democratic Republic of the + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-democratic-republic-of-the + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, the Democratic Republic of the Congo made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In October, the Inter‐ministerial Commission to Combat Child Labor in Mines and Artisanal Mining Sites launched the Child Labor Monitoring System.Moreover, the Ministry of Labor hired over 2,000 inspectors, some of whom will be trained to conduct inspections in mine sites.President Felix Tshisekedi also promulgated Law No° 22/067 for the Prevention and Fight Against Trafficking in Persons, which criminalizes all forms of trafficking and prescribes stringent penalties, addressing gaps that existed in the previous legal framework. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because of the national army’s complicity in the worst forms of child labor. During the year, the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo supplied weapons and munitions to non-state armed groups known for recruiting children. Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are also subjected other forms of the worst forms of child labor, including in the forced mining of gold, tin ore (cassiterite), tantalum ore (coltan), and tungsten ore (wolframite), and are used in armed conflict, sometimes as a result of forcible recruitment or abduction by non-state armed groups. Children also mine cobalt ore (heterogenite) in the Copperbelt region. The government did not publish labor or criminal law enforcement data. It also failed to take active measures to ensure that children are not inappropriately incarcerated, penalized, or physically harmed solely for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of their exploitation in the worst forms of child labor. Other gaps remain, including a lack of sufficient numbers of enforcement personnel, insufficient training for enforcement personnel, limited financial resources, and poor coordination of government efforts to address child labor. + + + Cobalt ore + Yes + No + No + + + Copper + Yes + No + No + + + Diamonds + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Tantalum ore + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Tin ore + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Tungsten ore + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.688 + + + 7-14 + 0.163 + + + 0.699 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + + Unknown + 2172 + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Increase + penalties for child labor crimes so that they are sufficiently stringent + to serve as a deterrent. + + + Raise the compulsory education age from 12 years to 16 years to be consistent with the minimum age for employment. + + + Adopt all required light work implementing provisions of the Child Protection Code. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 172 to 789 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force. + + + Ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement agencies receive adequate training to carry out + their duties. + + + Issue appropriate decrees to ensure that enacted laws are implemented, including those related to light work provisions. + + + Ensure the criminal justice system has the resources to investigate and prosecute child labor violations. + + + End FARDC support for non-state armed groups that recruit children, ensure children are not detained in dangerous conditions, and hold perpetrators of child labor crimes, including child soldiering, accountable. + + + Collect and publish complete data related to criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed related to child labor crimes. + + + Improve coordination among relevant criminal + enforcement agencies in conducting investigations, collecting data, and + providing services to survivors. + + + Ensure that security forces do not subject children to human rights violations, including extortion and physical abuse, in artisanal small-scale mining operations. + + + Collect and publish complete data on labor enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, worksite inspections, whether training on new laws were provided,if labor inspectors were able to conduct worksite inspections, and the number of violations found, penalties imposed, and fines collected. + + + Ensure the labor inspectorate is fully funded, including providing vehicles for labor inspectors and government-issued computers to allow inspectors to carry out their mandated duties. + + + + + Improve + coordination among relevant ministries and agencies to avoid duplication of efforts and + ensure that they receive adequate resources and trained personnel to address the + worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. + + + + + Ensure + all relevant policies, national action plans, and sectoral strategies to address the worst forms of child labor are adopted, funded, and implemented as intended, including at the regional level. + + + + + Conduct + a stand-alone child labor survey to better inform child labor policies and practices along with a prevalence survey focused on mining. + + + Improve + access to education for all children by regulating classroom size, training + additional teachers, and subsidizing fees. Make additional efforts to prevent schools + from being attacked and occupied by armed groups. + + + Improve access to education by ensuring that all children are registered at birth or are issued identification documents. + + + Expand + efforts to address the needs of demobilized children and incorporate + stigmatization, gender, and re-recruitment concerns into programs to + reintegrate such children. + + + Establish or + expand social programs designed to assist children engaged in forced labor in agriculture, mining, street work, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation, and implement existing programs as intended. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Reducing the Exploitation of Working Children Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DRC_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combatting Child Labor in the Congo Democratic Republic of the ’s Cobalt Industry + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combatting-child-labor-democratic-republic-congos-cobalt-industry-cotecco + + + Global Trace Protocol Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-trace-protocol-project + + + + + Congo Republic of the + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-republic-of-the + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, the Republic of the Congo made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established a Child Protection Action Plan, which includes measures for assisting child trafficking survivors. In addition, child labor data were published in June 2022, resulting from a nationwide study carried out by the Ministry of Social Affairs in coordination with the United Nations Children's Fund. However, children in the Republic of the Congo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in carrying heavy loads. The government has yet to accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons, and existing programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor in all relevant sectors. In addition, the country lacks a national policy to address child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.929 + + + 7-14 + 0.271 + + + 0.671 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 248 + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + No + No + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + + + + + Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + + + Publish information related to labor and criminal law enforcement statistics, including the funding level for the labor inspectorate, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, number of criminal investigations conducted, convictions secured, and penalties imposed. + + + Institutionalize training for all labor inspectors, investigators, and law + enforcement officers, including offering periodic refresher courses and providing courses on child labor issues. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring that inspectors have + adequate resources to carry out their mandated inspection duties, including access to government vehicles. + + + Ensure that funds budgeted for theNational Commission to Fight Against Trafficking in Persons and theMinistry of Social Affairs, Humanitarian Action and Solidarity to address human trafficking are regularly disbursed. + + + Remove barriers to enforcement and prosecution by strengthening the + judicial system through improved recordkeeping, decreased court backlogs, more frequent hearings, and improved training for criminal law enforcement officials and judges on trafficking in persons legislation. + + + Expand criminal law enforcement efforts beyond large cities. + + + Ensure that criminal enforcement agencies such as the National Police are properly funded and do not seek payment from stakeholders to conduct investigations and operations. + + + Ensure that all criminal law enforcement personnel, including from the police forces, courts, and the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, are properly trained to know how to identify, recognize, prosecute, and handle worst forms of child labor cases. + + + Ensure that the government establishes a formal process for referring children to the appropriate social services when they are found in situations of child labor. + + + Conduct inspections of employers in rural areas, family enterprises, the informal sector, and those hiring self-employed children. + + + Ensure the bilateral agreement with Benin is functioning as intended and publish records to support accountability. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies receive adequate resources to function as intended, including sufficient funding. + + + Establish a coordinating mechanism to address child labor, including its worst forms, at the national + level. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into + the Education Sector Strategy and ensure policies are implemented. + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor and the worst forms of child labor, including trafficking in persons. + + + + + Improve access to education for all children, including those in non-urban areas, regardless of refugee status or + ethnicity, by eliminating all school-related fees, removing linguistic barriers, providing sanitation facilities, + building additional schools, training additional teachers, and ensuring that + students are not subjected to sexual violence. + + + Fund and implement social programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including child domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure indigenous children do not experience discrimination or barriers to education, including by enforcing tuition waivers and providing instruction in their native languages. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Cook Islands + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cook-islands + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Cook Islands, in 2022, the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government partnered with the United Nations Children's Fund to launch the Pacific Islands Inclusive Educational Review to ensure all children, including those with disabilities, have access to quality education. However, the government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Additionally, while the Cook Islands provides free education to citizens, permanent residents, and children of permanent residents, children outside of these categories must pay a school fee. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.185 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A*† + + No + N/A*† + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisionsdetermine the sectors in which light work is permitted. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits the use of + children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of + drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish + by law free basic public education for all children. + + + Ensure that the law identifies hazardous occupations or prohibited activities for children. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict + + + Ratify the UN Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that the National Youth Policy includes provisions to prevent child labor. + + + Ensure that that the National Policy Framework for Children, which expired in 2021, is replaced and enforced. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + NA + Yes + NA + + + + Costa Rica + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/costa-rica + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Costa Rica made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the Roadmap to Make Costa Rica a Country Free of Child Labor and Its Worst Forms 2021–2025, with the aim to eradicate all forms of child labor in Costa Rica by 2025. However, children in Costa Rica are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Furthermore, the labor inspectorate lacks a sufficient number of inspectors. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.065 + 46509 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.984 + + + 7-14 + 0.07 + + + 1.046 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + 8817921 + 105 + Yes + Yes + 7917 + 3 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 14 + 2 + 2 + Yes + 2 + + + + + Ensure that the law + criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state + armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 17 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Publish information on the number of child labor + violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Allocate sufficient resources to ensure routine labor inspections in rural areas and the informal sector, including child labor inspections, particularly in + agriculture. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 105 to 167 to ensure adequate coverage for the labor force of approximately 2.5 million people. + + + Ensure that the judiciary, prosecutors, municipal authorities, and the police have sufficient + staff, training, and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict + perpetrators of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children, and identify victims of child trafficking and refer them to + appropriate social services. + + + Develop a mechanism to properly track human trafficking cases to improve enforcement and prevention efforts. + + + + + Strengthen coordination and information sharing + between institutions responsible for investigating child labor and providing + social services to victims. + + + Increase transportation and human resources for the Office for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of the + Adolescent Worker so that the office can + improve program oversight. + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Ensure that policies to prevent or address child labor are implemented. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make + education accessible for all children, including children in rural areas, girls, LGBTQI+ youth, children from indigenous and Afro-descendant communities, and migrant children. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network National Networks + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Youth Pathways to Leadership, Learning, and Livelihoods in Costa Rica + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-leadership-learning-and-livelihoods-costa-rica + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + + + Cote d'Ivoire + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cote-d'ivoire + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Significant Advancement + In 2022, Côte d’Ivoire made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The Ivoirian government conducted 9,471 inspections, a 234% increase from the previous year, and recruited 100 additional child labor agents to track instances of child labor on cocoa farms and production zones.The government also officially created the National Sustainable Cocoa Committee (Comité National du Cacao Durable, CNCD) which is designed to implement the National Strategic Plan to address deforestation, child labor, and low incomes of cocoa farmers.In addition, the governmentopened 91 new secondary schools, 517 new primary schools, and 227 new preschools during the reporting period.However, children in Côte d’Ivoire are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in the harvesting of cocoa and coffee. The governmentdoes not have a mechanism to assess civilpenalties for labor law violations and the lack of financial resources and personnel may have hindered labor law enforcement efforts. + + + Cocoa + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Coffee + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.701 + + + 7-14 + 0.218 + + + 0.796 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 305600 + 344 + No + Yes + 9471 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 832 + 587 + 392 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Establish a mechanism to assess penalties for child labor violations. + + + Ensure that labor + inspectorate receives a sufficient amount + of funding to conduct inspections and investigations throughout the country, + including in the informal sector. + + + Increase the number of + labor inspectors from 344 to 624 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 9.4million people. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive the resources and personnel needed to adequately enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Improve the accessibility and transportation capacity of schools; + ensure that schools are free of physical and sexual abuse; and increase the + number of teachers, textbooks, sanitation facilities, and schools, particularly in rural + areas. Ensure that all children have access to birth registration and identity documents. + + + Expand existing programs, including theChild labor monitoring and remediation system,and institute new ones aimed at addressing the full scope of the child labor problem in Côte d'Ivoire, including outside the cocoa sector. + + + Ensure that survivors of the + worst forms of child labor are able to access social services throughout the + country. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient classrooms available for all students enrolled. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Cooperatives Addressing Child Labor Accountability Outcomes + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cacao-cooperatives-addressing-child-labor-accountability-outcomes + + + Eliminating Child Labor in Cocoa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labor-cocoa-eclic-0 + + + Survey Research on Child Labor in West African Cocoa Growing Areas + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/survey-research-child-labor-west-african-cocoa-growing-areas + + + Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana + + + Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana + + + Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labor-free-cocoa-growing-communities + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional + + + + + Djibouti + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/djibouti + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Djibouti made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established a National Committee to Fight Against Trafficking and Similar Practices and in partnership with the International Organization for Migration, established and opened the Center for Unaccompanied Children and Vulnerable Migrants, which provides mental health and medical support, legal assistance, shelter, food, and clothes to vulnerable young migrants. The Ministry of Women and Families also conducted a study on children living in the street in Djibouti City, which included information about the prevalence and conditions of forced child labor. However, children in Djibouti are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in street work. Minimum age provisions apply only to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards. In addition, the government did not make adequate efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due to lack of financial and human resource allocations and reporting mechanisms. Finally, the government did not publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. + + + + 5-14 + 0.123 + 23693 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.674 + + + 7-14 + 0.102 + + + 0.648 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur that expose children to abuse, injury, unhealthy environments, and particularly difficult conditions including caring for livestock, construction, and street work. + + + Ensure that all children are afforded minimum age for work protections + under the law, including children working outside formal employment + relationships. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in prostitution. + + + + + Establish a mechanism for the Ministry of Labor to receive child labor complaints. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has the necessary equipment, including adequate transportation, to conductlabor inspections in all regions. + + + Publish complete labor law enforcement information, including funding of the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, the number of labor inspections conducted in total and at worksite, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. + + + Ensure the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections. + + + Establish a reciprocal referral mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor. + + + Ensure that civil penalties for child labor violations are imposed and collected. + + + Publish complete criminal law enforcement data, including training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations, the number of violations, the number of prosecutions, the number of convictions, and the number of penalties imposed. + + + Institutionalize child labor-focused trainings for all labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment, as well as providing refresher courses throughout their employment. + + + + + Ensure that the National Council for Children is active and able to carry out its intended mandates. + + + Establish a coordinating body dedicated to preventing and eliminating all forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and that data on these activities are published on an annual basis. + + + Adopt a national policy to address all forms of child labor, including its worst forms. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children in rural areas, including girls, by removing school-related expenses. + + + Implement programs to specifically address children involved in domestic + work, street work, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that all children, including refugees, asylum seekers, and children in rural areas, have access to education by removing barriers to obtaining national birth certificates or UNHCR refugee documentation to attend school. + + + Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children working in construction and domestic work to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement social programs related to child labor and that data on these activities are published on an annual basis. + + + + + No + Yes + No + + + + Dominica + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/dominica + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Dominica, in 2022, the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government funded and participated in programs that may contribute to preventing child labor, including fundraising for the Education Trust Fund and providing meals to students. However, the government's ability to prevent children from being subjected to the worst forms of child labor is limited because existing laws do not determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children and the government has not enacted laws explicitly prohibiting the use of children in pornography. In addition, information on Dominica's criminal law enforcement efforts was notpublicly released. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.018 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + + 185000 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 0 + N/A + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + N/A + + + + + Define + the conditions, activities, and number of hours permissible for light work. + + + Enact + legislation to specifically prohibit using, procuring, + or offering of a child for the production of pornography or pornographic + performances. + + + Ensure + that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18 for all children. + + + Prohibit + the use of children in illicit activities, including in the + production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Determine and codify the types of + hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and + workers’ organizations. + + + Criminally prohibit the use of children in forced labor. + + + Criminally prohibit domestic child trafficking. + + + Ensure that laws providing free basic education include all children in Dominica, including non-citizens. + + + + + Collect and publish labor law enforcement data, including information on the number of labor inspectors, number and type of inspections conducted, and inspector training. + + + Collect and publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts on an annual basis. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Make + education accessible for all children, including members of the Kalinago community who may be vulnerable to child labor, by ensuring access to secondary education within the Kalinago territory. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Basic Needs Trust Fund to address child labor and make information about implementation measures publicly available on an annual basis. + + + + + Yes + NA + NA + + + + Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/dominican-republic + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, the Dominican Republic made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor approved a resolution prohibiting the employment of children under the age of 18 in domestic work, classifying this type of work as hazardous for minors. The Metropolitan Transportation Office, the National Institute of Land Transit and Transportation, and the Ministry of Education signed an inter-institutional agreement to execute the School Transportation Program to facilitate the school access of students living in vulnerable areas by increasing their mobility. In addition, the Ministry of Education appointed 24,815 public school teachers and directors to fill out vacancies in the school system. However, children in the Dominican Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Other gaps remain, including limited human and financial resources for the enforcement of child labor laws, such as a lack of a sufficient number of labor inspectors and criminal investigators, and adequate facilities, transportation, and fuel. Labor inspectors also lack the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations, including those related to child labor. + + + Baked Goods + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + Yes + No + + + Tomatoes + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.964 + + + 7-14 + 0.092 + + + 0.963 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes* + 18 + No + Yes* + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + 4400000 + 208 + Yes + Yes + 63730 + 18 + 3 + 3 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + 7 + 0 + Yes + 4 + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally + prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion as elements of the crime. + + + + + Increase the number + of labor inspectors from 208 to 329 to provide + adequate coverage of the labor force of 4.9 million people, especially in remote rural areas. + + + Publish information on the number of child laborviolations found. + + + Increase human and financial resources to ensure adequate criminal and labor law enforcement related to child + labor. + + + Improve case tracking so that labor inspectors are able to + promptly follow-up on violation remediation to improve enforcement of laws + prohibiting child labor and discourage the use of child labor by employers. + + + Establish + a system to verify the age of young workers to better protect children without + birth certificates or other legal documentation from exploitation. + + + Improve + training of inspectors to increase the quality of interviews with employers and workers, gather consistent documentation, conduct timely + re-inspections to ensure compliance, and use inspection data to enable prosecution. + + + Ensure + that labor inspectors interview workers, in a safe environment, and that they are able to communicate with Creole-speaking workers, + including those who may be underage, to adequately conduct inspections for + child labor violations. + + + Improve + coordination and case tracking systems between the Ministry of Labor and the Office + of the Attorney General to ensure that violations are adequately investigated, sanctioned, and + prosecuted. + + + Ensure that the number of inspections conducted by each inspector is appropriate to guarantee the quality and scope of inspections. + + + Provide legal authorization to allow labor inspectors to conduct inspections in the informal sector. + + + + + Ensure + that the National Steering + Committee to Eliminate Child Labor’s Local and Municipal Committees have + sufficient resources to effectively coordinate efforts to address child labor. + + + + + Take steps to implement the policies related to child labor on an annual basis and publish information about these efforts. + + + + + Increase + efforts to issue identity documents to all children to reduce their + vulnerability to labor exploitation. + + + Ensure + that the National Council for Children and Adolescents has sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary + care for survivors of child labor. + + + Update all Ministry of Education's school manuals to align with Dominican law guaranteeing that children without birth certificates or identity documents are able to enroll in schools and ensure that all children receive diplomas certifying school completion. + + + Increase school + infrastructure and teacher availability, especially in rural areas, remove + supply and school-related fees, and expand efforts to reduce racial or nationality discrimination in + schools. + + + Address the specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including unaccompanied migrant children, children of parents who have been deported, and undocumented children. + + + Expand + social protection programs, particularly for child survivors of commercial sexual + exploitation and harmful agricultural work, and ensure that programs also provide services to vulnerable children without regular identity documents. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Project to Reduce Child Labor and Improve Working Conditions in Agriculture in the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-reduce-child-labor-and-working-conditions-agriculture-dominican-republic + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic– Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/evaluation_type/final_evaluation/DR_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Education Initiative: Informal Urban Work, Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Hazardous Commercial Agriculture + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic - Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Preparatory Activities for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_TBP_Prep_CLOSED.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tomato-Producing Sectors + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_Tomatoes_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + + + Ecuador + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ecuador + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Ecuador made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Interior created the National Directorate for the Investigation of Crimes Against Women, Family, Children, Adolescents, Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling, which oversees law enforcement units responsible for investigating labor and sex trafficking cases that involve children. Further, the Ministry of Tourism approved a new Code of Conduct for tourism industry workers that includes actions meant to prevent the sexual exploitation of minors in tourist establishments. In addition, the government’s new social program, Inclusive Cities, brought protection services and temporary housing to 9,000 beneficiaries in 17 cities. However, children in Ecuador are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. The Ministry of Labor has reported that the resources allocated to the labor inspectorate -- including the number of inspectors, transportation, and equipment -- is insufficient to conduct inspections in the informal sector. The Government of Ecuador has also not undertaken a nationwide child labor survey since 2012; the lack of current information on the prevalence of child labor hampers efforts to address the problem. + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Bovines + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Flowers + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Hogs + Yes + No + No + + + Poultry + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.07 + 260567 + 0.859 + 0.04 + 0.101 + + + 5-14 + 0.955 + + + 7-14 + 0.075 + + + 0.975 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 4000000 + 149 + Yes + Yes + 7782 + 6 + 4 + 4 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 414 + 39 + 2 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that laws and regulations governing child labor, especially hazardous labor, are enforced consistently throughout the country, including in rural areas and family-run businesses. + + + Strengthen social services referral mechanisms for survivors of child labor, especially for those found in the informal sector. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 149 to 556 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 8.3 million people. + + + Ensure + that the labor inspectorate is properly funded so that inspectors receive sufficient resources, including transportation and equipment, to carry out their duties adequately. + + + Ensure + that labor inspectors have sufficient knowledge of existing laws and receive adequate training in victim identification to conduct inspections and refer victims to social services. + + + Ensure + + that criminal investigators receive sufficient resources, such as additional investigators, to investigate cases of suspected child labor crimes and refer victims to social services consistently. + + + Provide specialized shelters for boys and girls that have been victimized by labor trafficking. Ensure that funds are distributed to shelters in a timely manner. + + + Publish child labor data collected through the Unified System of Registering Child Labor (SURTI). + + + Ensure that inspections sufficiently cover sectors in which child labor has been reported, including the informal sector. + + + + + Ensure the Directorate for the Attention to Priority Groups carries out its intended mandate of protecting the rights of children. + + + + + Fully implement the National Council for Intergenerational Equity policy plan, "Prevent and Eradicate Child Labor". + + + + + Eliminate barriers to and make education accessible for all children, including indigenous and + refugee children and children from rural areas, by increasing classroom space and teachers, addressing teen pregnancy issues, providing adequate transportation, easing the economic burden of buying school supplies, and reopening schools that closed during the pandemic. + + + Develop and administer social programs to address the vulnerability ofmigrant and refugee children to exploitative labor practices in the fishing sector and in artisanal mining. + + + Conduct a comprehensive child labor survey so there is sufficient data to inform government actions to eliminate child labor. + + + Ensure that social programs make interventions in sectors in which child labor is most prevalent, specifically in the informal and agricultural sectors. + + + Ensure that all social programs that address child labor, including the National Campaign to Combat Street Begging and Child Labor and the Business Network for a Child Labor-Free Ecuador, remain active and publish information on activities taken on an annual basis. + + + Update the social registry --which contains information on low-income familiesand informs the provision of social assistance --to include families most vulnerable to child labor. + + + Ensure students without identity documents are able to graduate. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america + + + Palma Futuro: Preventing and Reducing Child Labor and Forced Labor in Palm Oil Supply Chains + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/palma-futuro-preventing-and-reducing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-palm-oil-supply + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Ecuador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Ecuador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ecuador: Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ecuador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Building Effective Policies Against Child Labor in Ecuador and Panama + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-effective-policies-against-child-labor-ecuador-and-panama + + + Educafuturo: Project to Combat Child Labor Among Vulnerable Populations in Ecuador and Panama by Providing Direct Education and Livelihood Services + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/educafuturo-project-combat-child-labor-among-vulnerable-populations-ecuador-and + + + + + Egypt + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/egypt + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Egypt made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved an updated National Strategy for Combating and Preventing Trafficking in Persons, which includes outcomes related to reducing child labor. The government also provided comprehensive criminal law enforcement data for inclusion in this report for the first time, and investigated 107 crimes involving 237 individuals, initiated 171 prosecutions, and achieved 70 convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. However, children in Egypt are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in quarrying limestone. The government did not publish data on its efforts to enforce its child labor laws, including labor inspectorate resources, number of child labor violations found, and penalties imposed for child labor violations. Additionally, programs to address child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem, particularly the lack of targeted programming to prevent and child commercial sexual exploitation and limestone quarrying. + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.809 + + + 7-14 + 0.052 + + + 0.661 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 107 + 161 + 70 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the types of work that children perform in Egypt that expose them to hazardous temperatures, such as brick production, are prohibited for children under age 18. + + + Ensure that the law establishes age 16 as the minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military with safeguards for voluntariness. + + + + + Publish information on civil child labor law enforcement, including labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors, training for labor inspectors, number of labor inspections conducted, number of child labor violations found, number of penalties imposed for child labor violations, number of penalties that were collected, whether routine inspections were conducted and whether they were targeted, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. + + + Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for violations of child labor laws that are not considered criminal. + + + Employ at least 1,897 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 28.5 million people. + + + + + Ensure universal access to free public education, especially for girls and refugee children, by addressing the cost of school fees, supplies, violence in schools, lack of documentation, and other barriers to education. + + + Expand programs to address + the full scope of the child labor problem, particularly targeted programming to prevent and address child commercial sexual + exploitation and limestone quarrying. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Promoting Worker Rights and Competitiveness in Export Industries + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-worker-rights-and-competitiveness-export-industries + + + Combating Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education and Livelihood Interventions in Egypt + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-education-and-livelihood-interventions + + + Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-fundamental-principles-and-rights-work + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Egypt + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Egypt_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + El Salvador + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/el-salvador + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, El Salvador made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the National Assembly made reforms to Article 627, which allows for higher fines to be given for child labor violations. The Trafficking in Persons Unit of the Attorney General's Office added 6 additional prosecutors, for a total of 15 in the anti-trafficking unit. The National Council on the Trafficking of Persons also carried out trainings for hospitality and emergency service hotline workers to better identify victims of human trafficking.However, children in El Salvador are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and in illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the harvesting of coffee. Law enforcement agencies continue to lack sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws throughout the country. Gaps also remain related to the lack of publicly available, comprehensive information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Finally, social programs do not adequately address the full scope of the child labor problem in the country. + + + Baked Goods + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Cereal Grains + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Fireworks + Yes + No + No + + + Shellfish + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.041 + 41069 + 0.383 + 0.179 + 0.438 + + + 5-14 + 0.911 + + + 7-14 + 0.043 + + + 0.866 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 1680000 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 16 to 18 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that the legal light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken by those under age 16. + + + + + Provide sufficient funding + and resources to the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare and criminal law enforcement agencies to fully + enforce child labor laws and investigate cases involving the worst forms of child labor, including in the informal sector. + + + Improve coordination + between the National Civil Police + and the Office of the Attorney General in their investigation and prosecution of + criminal cases related to the worst forms of child labor, including by developing electronic information-sharing capabilities. + + + Employ at least 193 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of approximately 2.9 million people. + + + Ensure that all labor inspectors receive training onchild labor themes. + + + Collect and make publicly available complete information on training for new criminal investigators and data on the number of investigations, criminal violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and number ofpenalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspectors and whether they received training on child labor, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, the number of violations found, and the total penalties imposed and collected. + + + Ensure there is a sufficient number of criminal law enforcement officials to carry out criminal investigations on the worst forms of child labor, and that they receive specialized training. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Roadmap to Make El Salvador a Country Free of Child Labor and its Worst Forms and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Policy to Support Early Childhood Development (Crecer Juntos) and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. + + + + + Collect and publish government statistics evaluating the impact of collaborative projects targeting child labor in sugarcane production. + + + Remove barriers to education, such as birth registration requirements, and ensure access for all children, including students of indigenous descent. + + + Implement programs to support child laborers who may not be living with their parents, including child domestic workers. + + + Ensure that adequate services are available for all human trafficking survivors, including boys and LGBTQI+ youth. + + + Ensure annual surveys that provide data on child labor include information on specific child labor work sectors and the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that students have access and equipment for remote education, when necessary. + + + Ensure that schools have proper infrastructure and sanitationsystems to support students. + + + Ensure that discrimination against LGBTQ+ youth in schools does not happen. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Eliminating Child Labour in El Salvador Through Economic Empowerment and Social Inclusion + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labour-el-salvador-through-economic-empowerment-and-social + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in El Salvador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/El_Salvador_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in El Salvador and Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Timebound Program of El Salvador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/evaluation_type/final_evaluation/El_Salvador_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Fireworks Industry of El Salvador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/El_Salvador_Fireworks_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America: Shellfish Harvesting in El Salvador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Youth Pathways - Central America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-central-america-0 + + + Increasing Collection Action to Address Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Other Unacceptable Conditions of Work in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/increasing-collective + -action-address-child-labor-forced-labor-and-other-unacceptable + + + RICHES + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/riches + + + Audits of Selected USDOL-Funded IPEC Projects-Round V + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_IPEC_FY07_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Eritrea + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eritrea + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2022, Eritrea is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, Eritrea is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated complicity in the use of forced child labor. Government officials continued to force students in grade 12, some of whom are under the age of 18, to participate in military training elements of the government's compulsory national service program. Otherwise, the government made efforts by increasing the number of its child wellbeing committees from 43 in 2021 to 67 in 2022. Children in Eritrea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced military training associated with national service, forced agricultural labor, and forced recruitment by state armed groups for use in armed conflict. In addition, Eritrea's minimum age protections do not apply to children working outside formal employment relationships and laws do not criminally prohibit the use of a child for prostitution or the procuring and offering of a child for the production of drugs. Moreover, the government does not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.556 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + + Unknown + 55 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children and ensure that all children are protected by hazardous work prohibitions, including children in the informal sector and those working outside of formal employment relationships. + + + Ensure that minimum age protections extend to all children working outside of formal employment relationships, including those who are self-employed. + + + Criminally prohibit the use of a child for prostitution. + + + Criminally prohibit procuring and offering a child for the production + of drugs. + + + Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state + armed groups. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for employment of 14 years old. + + + Ensure that the law establishes 16 as the minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military with safeguards for voluntariness. + + + + + Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, total number of inspections conducted at worksites, number of violations, number of targeted, routine, and unannounced inspections, number of violations for which penalties were imposed and collected, and whether complaint mechanisms and referral mechanisms are in place. + + + Ensure labor inspectors are provided sufficient resources, including transportation, to access sites in which child labor is likely to occur. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial and refresher training for new investigators, data regarding the number of criminal investigations, violations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor, and whether a reciprocal referral mechanism exists. + + + Ensure there are reciprocal referral mechanisms between labor authorities and social services. + + + Publish activities undertaken by agencies responsible for child labor law enforcement to combat and address child labor during the reporting period, including activities by the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, the Eritrean Police, and the Citizen Militia. + + + Cease the practice of imprisoning children discovered evading compulsory national service during military-led giffas. + + + + + Establish a key coordinating mechanism to address all worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish the Interagency Steering Committee on Trafficking and Migration's efforts to coordinate government activities to address human trafficking on an annual basis. + + + + + Take actions to ensure that children under age 18 are not placed in military training or agricultural labor assignments as part of national service. + + + Publish information on actions taken to implement government policies relevant to child labor, including the Comprehensive National Child Policy. + + + Enact policies to combat and address all forms of child labor using the framework outlined in the Comprehensive National Child Policy, including child labor in agriculture, manufacturing, the services industry, and in armed groups. + + + Cease government programs that force high school children to engage in agricultural labor and other public works as a requirement to enroll in school. + + + + + Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children, including children in rural areas, by building schools, removing financial barriers to attendance, removing religious barriers to attendance, and improving safety to ensure the retention of qualified teachers and students. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in all sectors in which it is known to occur, including farming, to + inform policies and programs. + + + Institute programs and publish information regarding efforts to address child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, street work, and the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Publish information on actions taken to implement the Education Sector Development Plan and the Better Migration Management program on an annual basis. + + + + + Yes + Yes + No + + + + Eswatini + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eswatini + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Eswatini made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security began conducting a review of their offices with ILO to evaluate the effectiveness of their efforts in addressing child labor. However, children in Eswatini are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, forced livestock herding, and commercial sexual exploitation. Significant gaps in the legal framework remain, including gaps in minimum age protections, a lack of legislation regulating the labor conditions under Kuhlehla and other customary practices, and a de facto compulsory education age that does not meet international standards. In addition, minimum age protections only apply to children working in industrial undertakings, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. + + + Bovines + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.117 + 35368 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.925 + + + 7-14 + 0.13 + + + 0.886 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 12/13 + No + No + + + + Unknown + 18 + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Establish the compulsory education age to 15 so that is consistent with the minimum + age for work. + + + Adopt legislation that prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Adopt legislation that regulates the work performed through traditional + practices likeKuhlehla and ensure that the law explicitly states the voluntary nature of participation in such work. + + + Ensure that minimum age provisions extend to all children, + including those working in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for + children are comprehensive and cover agricultural undertakings and domestic + work. + + + Establish by law 9 years of free basic public education to cover lower secondary education. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 18 to about 26 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 396,000 people. + + + Provide adequate resources, including transportation and fuel, to labor + inspectors and criminal investigators so they can fulfill their mandates. + + + Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on labor law enforcement efforts, including information about the labor inspectorate's budget, training for labor inspectors, number of inspections conducted, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. + + + Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on criminal enforcement efforts, including information about training for law enforcement personnel, number of investigations, number of prosecutions, number of convictions, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. + + + + + Improve coordination and communication among staff on coordinating bodies. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and have the necessary resources to be able to fulfill their mandates as intended. + + + + + Implement child labor-related policies, including the Action Program on Combating Child Labour in Eswatini, National Strategic Framework and Action Plan to Combat People Trafficking, and National Children's + Policy. + + + + + Ensure that children are able to access + free basic education, including by paying or eliminating school fees for lower secondary and upper secondary education and hiring the necessary amount of teachers. + + + Develop social protection + programs to assist children engaged in child labor in domestic work and + herding. + + + Ensure a minimum quality of standard care in shelters for victims of child trafficking. + + + Publish updates on the implementation of the Free Primary Education Program on an annual basis. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + + + Ethiopia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ethiopia + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Ethiopia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government supported a study of child domestic servitude to learn how to better prevent this form of child labor. The Ministry of Labor launched the Decent Work Country Program and an action plan to address child labor and forced labor. However, children in Ethiopia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and in commercial sexual exploitation. Ethiopian law does not include free basic education or a compulsory age for education, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Also, social programs to address child labor have not sufficiently targeted to sectors with high incidences of child labor, including agriculture and domestic work. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Khat + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 7-14 + 0.415 + 10202669 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + 0.731 + + + 7-14 + 0.308 + + + 0.681 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + 24989 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 11 + 9 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Raise the minimum age at + which children may enter hazardous work following vocational training from age + 15 to age 16, in line with ILO Convention 138. + + + Ensure that the types of hazardous work + prohibited for children are comprehensive, including hazardous tasks in + traditional weaving. + + + Establish by law free + basic education. + + + Establish by law a compulsory education age that extends to the minimum age for employment of 15 years. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Ensure that labor + inspectors have sufficient resources to conduct inspections in all sectors and are able to coordinate adequately with other agencies. + + + Ensure + that both domestic and transnational child trafficking cases are investigated and punished. + + + Employ at least 964 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 38.6 million people. + + + Gather, disaggregate, and publish + information on penalties applied and collected, trainings conducted, and convictions obtained related to child labor violations. + + + Gather and publish information related to labor inspectorate funding and number of labor inspectors. + + + + + Clarify individual mandates for + coordinating mechanisms charged with addressing child labor, and enhance intercommittee communication, coordination, and collaboration. + + + Provide adequate funding to coordinating bodies so that they may effectively coordinate activities related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Sector Development Program, the National Technical & Vocational Education & Training Strategy, and the National Youth Policy. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Increase access to education for all children + by decreasing the distance to schools in rural areas, hiring additional teachers, constructing sanitation + facilities, and eliminating school-related costs. + + + Develop or expand + social protection programs to address child labor, including in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Ensure that social services necessary to prevent child labor, such as rehabilitation and reintegration centers, are available throughout the country. + + + Take steps to ensure student safety while at school, including environments free from sexual harassment, and make efforts to prevent schools from being attacked and occupied by the Ethiopian National Defense Force and non-state armed groups. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + She Thrives: Reducing Child Labor in Ethiopia's Agricultural Sector using a Gender-Focused Approach + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/she-thrives-reducing-child-labor-ethiopias-agricultural-sector-using-gender-focused + + + Engaged, Educated, Empowered, Ethiopian Youth Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/engaged-educated-empowered-ethiopian-youth-project-e4y + + + Ethiopians Fighting Against Child Exploitation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/ethiopians-fighting-against-child-exploitation-e-face + + + Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + + + Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/falkland-islands-(islas-malvinas) + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), in 2022, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) also continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to prevent child labor. There is no functioning labor inspectorate in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) to enforce labor laws. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, the minimum age of 14 for work and 16 for hazardous work does not meet international standards, and the law does not prohibit adults from using, procuring, and offering a child for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 to 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Raise the minimum age + for hazardous work from 16 to 18 and ensure that national law determines prohibited work activities for children. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the + production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Establish a labor inspectorate to enforce labor laws, including laws pertaining to child labor. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + NA + NA + Yes + + + + Fiji + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/fiji + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Fiji made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Fiji Bureau of Statistics carried out a Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in 2021 and published the results in August 2022, providing new information on the prevalence of children engaged in child labor, including hazardous work. However, children in Fiji are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Fiji's light work provisions are not specific enough to prevent children from being involved in child labor. Furthermore, the government lacks social programs to provide services to children exploited in commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.97 + + + 7-14 + 0.5 + + + 1.17 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 4570000 + 71 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities for which light work may be undertaken. + + + + + Publish criminal law enforcement information, including the number of investigations conducted, the number of prosecutions initiated, the number of convictions achieved, and the sentences imposed. + + + Publish labor law enforcement information, including the number of labor inspections conducted at the worksite, the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. + + + Ensure the Fiji Police Department receives training on the worst forms of child labor and investigates violations. + + + Ensure the department is taking actions to address child labor and child trafficking. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and + programs. + + + Provide support services for children removed from commercial sexual exploitation, human trafficking, and forced domestic work, such as housing, medical care, psychological support, and job skills training. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Child Protection Program and Allowance and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + Improve access to education + for children in remote areas by establishing schools nearer to these + communities or by improving access to adequate technology to allow for remote + learning. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, by ensuring school lunch, uniforms, footwear, and supplies are provided for children whose families cannot afford these essentials. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + + + Gabon + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gabon + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Gabon made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government worked with the United Nations Children's Fund on a campaign to provide birth certificates to more than 10,000 children andincreased funding, bed capacity, and in-kind support for shelters. However, despite government initiatives to address child labor, Gabon is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to provide evidence it conducted worksite inspections during the reporting period. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to child labor. Children in Gabon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. Gabonese law regarding minimum age for work provisions only applies to children in formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age for work. In addition, Gabon does not have a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor and lacks social programs to address child labor in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + 5-14 + 0.223 + 83073 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.944 + + + 7-14 + 0.233 + + + 0.784 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + No + 0 + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that minimum + age protections are extended to children working outside of formal employment + relationships. + + + Ensure + that the legal framework for light work establishes a minimum age no younger + than age 13, determines activities that are considered light work, and specifies + the conditions under which light work may be undertaken. + + + Establish + criminal prohibitions for the + recruitment of children under age 18 for use in armed conflict by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Conduct worksite inspections, including routine and unannounced inspections and in both the formal and informal sectors, to identify child labor violations. + + + Publish + information on the funding level for the labor inspectorate and number of labor inspectors, and ensure both inspectors and investigators receive adequate funding, training, transportation, and fuel to carry out inspections and investigations. + + + Ensure + that labor inspectors are not tasked with conciliation or arbitration duties so that they can carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring + throughout the country. + + + Ensure that + the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections and criminal investigations into alleged child labor crimes, and publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + Employ at least 48 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage for the labor force of approximately 725,000 people. + + + + + Ensure that the National Observatory of the Rights of the Child remains active and report on its activities. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into policies that aim to address child labor. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in Gabon to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure + that children have access to education by eliminating school fees and increasing + the number of teachers and schools in rural areas. + + + Expand programs to address the scope of the country's child labor problem, including in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that the government continues to provide adequate support to survivors of child labor, including sufficient shelter space for survivors. + + + + + No + No + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 + + + + + Gambia The + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gambia-the + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, The Gambia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved an Ethical Recruitment Policy Guidelines, a Pre-Departure Training Manual, and a Labor Migration Strategy to protect Gambian labor migrants, many of whom are children, from exploitation and unfair treatment. It also signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Nigeria to coordinate efforts to address the trafficking of women and children. Additionally, the government launched four centers to provide services to survivors of gender-based violence and trafficking in persons, including child victims. However, children in The Gambia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging.Gaps in the law remain, including that theminimum age for work of 18 years old is higher than the compulsory education age of 16 years old. The Gambia also lacked resources to conduct adequate enforcement efforts and has insufficient social programs to address child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.782 + + + 7-14 + 0.217 + + + 0.852 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 4 + Yes + Yes + 31 + 5 + 0 + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 5 + 0 + 0 + Yes + 0 + + + + + Raise the minimum age for workplace apprenticeships from age 12 to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Increase the compulsory education age from 16 years old to 18 years old to align with the minimum age for work. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 4 to 24 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate is fully funded and has the resources and capabilities to conduct inspections in all sectors, including at private homes and farms. + + + Publish activities undertaken by agencies responsible for child labor law enforcement to address child labor, including actions by the Children's Court, Child Welfare Unit, and the Tourism Security Unit. + + + Ensure that criminal penalties for the worst forms of child labor are consistently applied to deter violations. + + + Ensure that labor law and criminal law enforcement agencies and the NAATIP have sufficient funding to carry out their mandates. + + + Publish information on the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites and whether routine inspections are conducted. + + + Ensure the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating routine inspections rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received, and ensure these inspections target sectors prone to the use of child labor. + + + Ensure the National Agency Against Trafficking in Persons has sufficient government funding and resources to carry out its mandate and reduce its dependency on international partners. + + + Ensure training for criminal law enforcement covers all of the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor, and the use of children in illicit activity. + + + + + Ensure that the National Coordination Committee on Child Labor isactive and able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + + + Adopt and implement a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implementtheCode of Conduct of The Gambia Tourism + Authority for the Protection of Childrenand publish results + from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Ensure that children can + complete compulsory schooling by subsidizing or defraying the cost of supplies, + uniforms, transportation, and other fees. + + + Expand existing social programs to address the full scope of the child labor, including all worst forms of child labor. + + + Enhance opportunities for + children to access education by providing adequate classroom facilities, clean water, and sanitation; ensuring accessibility for students with disabilities; and + increasing the number of teachers in rural areas. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key social programs, including the Child Welfare Drop-In Centers and the Conditional Cash Transfer Program, and publish results of activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Georgia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/georgia + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Georgia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased its number of labor inspectors and the Prosecutor’s Office adopted a new strategy for 2022–2027 to increase efforts to identify and effectively prosecute child trafficking and labor exploitation through a victim-centered approach. The government also approved a new National Strategy for the Protection of Human Rights in Georgia for 2022–2030, with a focus on protection of the rights of certain vulnerable groups, including children, and a new eight-year strategy to ensure equal access to education for all children in Georgia. However, children in Georgia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced begging. Children also engage in agricultural labor. Although the government made meaningful efforts in some relevant areas during the reporting period, Georgia's minimum age for work does not meet international standards because it does not apply to the informal sector. In addition, the Criminal Code does not explicitly prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. Furthermore, lack of coordination between the entities involved in addressing human trafficking hinders efforts to adequately assist child victims. + + + + 5-14 + 0.029 + 13547 + 0.955 + 0.023 + 0.022 + + + 5-14 + 0.969 + + + 7-14 + 0.037 + + + 0.935 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 2041903 + 123 + Yes + Yes + 845 + 15 + 15 + 15 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 3 + 1 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Ensure + that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those in + informal work. + + + Raise the compulsory education age from 15 to 16 to be consistent with the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure + that the law's light work provisions are sufficiently specific, including list of activities in which light work is permissible for 15-year old children, to prevent them from + involvement in child labor. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of children for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + + + Impose penalties for convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Continue to increase communication between Ministry of Internal Affairs' specialized + investigators across the country, including with investigators from Adjara region, to ensure coordinated human trafficking + investigations. + + + + + Increase coordination between the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Prosecutor's Office, the Agency for State Care, and other government agencies. + + + + + Adopt + a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, including child + labor in agriculture and other forms of informal work. + + + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially for street children, and increase resources available at the local level. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in agriculture, to inform policies and programs. + + + Make additional efforts to register all children in school, including those from Roma communities, provide them with identity documents, and ensure that these groups can access education. + + + Improve access to education for children who speak languages other than Georgian or Russian, as well as for socially vulnerable children, children from impoverished families, children with disabilities, and children who live in rural areas. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + + + Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ghana + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Ghana made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government significantly increased the number of labor inspectors and inspections that were conducted. In addition, the government improved its data sharing efforts with NGOs and other countries by providing timely responses to requests for information. However, children in Ghana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa production. Prohibitions related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards because, while Ghana does criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for electronic performances, the law does not extend to live performances. The law also does not prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the government has not acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child's Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. Lastly, resource constraints severely limited the government's ability to adequately enforce labor laws and implement social programs during the reporting period. + + + Bovines + Yes + No + No + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles + Yes + No + No + + + Tilapia + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + 0.792 + 0.05 + 0.158 + + + 5-14 + 0.899 + + + 7-14 + 0.132 + + + 0.938 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 189 + No + Yes + 1108 + 46 + 14 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 46 + 14 + 13 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child + Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children including, use of children in live performances. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in all illicit + activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children + under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Update the hazardous work list for children to cover all hazardous types of work outlined in ILO C. 182. + + + + + Ensure that prosecutors who have received sufficient legal training oversee + and lead the prosecution of cases involving the worst forms of child labor, that + an adequate number of state attorneys are available to prosecute cases, and that these + cases are prosecuted according to the law. + + + Publish information on the amount of funding allocated to the labor inspectorate. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors from 189 to 969 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force. + + + Strengthen and fully fund the mechanism to track cases + of child labor for referral between law enforcement and social services providers. + + + Improve communication and coordination among criminal enforcement agencies to prosecute cases of the worst forms of child labor and provide adequate victim support. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators have adequate resources, including office space, transportation, and supplies, to adequately carry out their mandates throughout the country. + + + Ensure that the Trafficking in Persons Information System is used and publish any related activities. + + + Ensure that Criminal Enforcement agencies have the resources to properly monitor sectors in which the worst forms of child labor are known to occur. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement government policies and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. + + + Finalize National Action Plans to address child labor and human trafficking. + + + Provide necessary resources for the government to implement the mandates of their national policy. + + + + + Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees, + increasing the number of classrooms, improving access to schools, providing + sanitation facilities, and prohibiting sexual harassment and physical violence in schools. + + + Ensure that social programs are active and receive sufficient funding to carry out + their objectives. + + + Expand the availability of government-supported shelter services for + child survivors and ensure that all shelters are operational. + + + Replicate and expand effective models for addressing + exploitative child labor in the cocoa, fishing, and mining sectors. + + + Ensure that opportunities such as vocational training are available to secondary school students enrolled in the dual-track system. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana + + + Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana + + + Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labor-free-cocoa-growing-communities + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional + + + Making Advances to Eliminate Child Labor in More Areas with Sustainable Integrated Efforts + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/mate-masie-making-advances-eliminate-child-labor-more-areas-sustainable-integrated + + + Adwuma Pa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/adwuma-pa + + + Mobilizing Community Action and Promoting Opportunities for Youth in Ghana's Cocoa-Growing Communities + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/mobilizing-community-action-and-promoting-opportunities-youth-ghanas-cocoa-growing-0 + + + Support for the Implementation of Timebound Measures for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor in Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + Global Accelerator Lab 8.7 Project - Intensifying Action Against Forced Labor and Child Labor Through Innovation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-accelerator-lab-87- + project-intensifying-action-against-forced-labor-and-child + + + CARING Gold Mining Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/caring-gold-mining-project-convening-stakeholders-develop-and-implement-strategies + + + + + Grenada + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/grenada + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Grenada, in 2022, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government's ability to prevent children from being subjected to the worst forms of child labor is limited because existing laws require the use of force, threats, abuse of power, or other forms of coercion, and therefore do not comprehensively prohibit child trafficking. Grenada has also not identified activities prohibited for children orcriminally prohibitedthe use, procuring, or offering of a child for all forms of commercial sexual exploitation.In addition, the government has not published data on labor inspectorate funding. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.23 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 4 + Yes + No + 45 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + + + + + Ensure that the minimum + age for hazardous work is age 18. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light + work may be undertaken and limit the number of hours for light work. + + + Ensure + that the law criminalizes all forms of child trafficking, + including in cases that do not include the use of force, threats, abuse of power, or other forms of coercion. + + + Enact + legislation prohibiting the use, procuring, or offering of a child for all + forms of commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the + types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with + employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that laws providing + free basic education include all children in Grenada, including + non-citizens. + + + + + Provide + sufficient funding and human resources to allow agencies responsible for the + enforcement of labor laws to fulfill their mission. + + + Collect and publish + labor law enforcement data, including information on inspectorate funding and the training system for labor inspectors. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive trainings onlaws and enforcement of laws related to child labor. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Collect + and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, to inform + policies and programs. + + + Not applicable + + + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + Guatemala + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guatemala + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Guatemala made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted a decree amending the penal code to include crimes committed against children and adolescents through the use of technological means. The Labor Inspectorate also expanded its specialized group of inspectors for human rights, including child labor issues, from 4 to 11 inspectors. The government also relaunched the "Protecting our Greatest Treasure" media campaign to raise awareness on protecting children and adolescents from sexual exploitation and human trafficking in the tourism sector. However, children in Guatemala are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. An insufficient number of labor inspectorslimits the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare's ability to address child labor. In addition, existing social programs are insufficient to reach all children engaged in exploitative labor and, in particular, do not target children engaged in domestic work or agriculture. + + + Broccoli + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Corn + Yes + No + No + + + Fireworks + Yes + No + No + + + Gravel + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 7-14 + 0.065 + 203265 + 0.633 + 0.06 + 0.307 + + + 7-14 + 0.902 + + + 7-14 + 0.033 + + + 0.807 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 5730000 + 152 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 43 + 15 + 15 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 365 + 122 + 48 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Eliminate the exception + allowing some children under age 14 to work, or establish a light work + framework for children ages 12 to 14 outlining restrictions on working + conditions, type of work, and number of hours of work permitted. + + + Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Clarify whether Ministerial Agreement 260-2019 raises the minimum working age to 15. + + + + + Increase the number + of labor inspectors from 152 to 484 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of 7.3 million people. + + + Provide sufficient funding and resources to the labor inspectorate to ensure operational needs are met. + + + Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient resources and staff to conduct quality criminal + investigations in all geographical areas of the country, such as assigning a budget specifically to the Special Prosecutor's Office Against Human Trafficking. + + + Improve the quality of inspections by ensuring that inspectors receive effective training, dedicate the necessary time to carry out more comprehensive inspections, and routinely carry out unannounced labor inspections. + + + Dedicate more staff + and train criminal law enforcement officials, particularly those outside the + capital, on laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that hearings + and trials addressing human trafficking and gender-based violence in + specialized courts are scheduled in a timely manner and that judges are trained in trafficking in persons concepts. + + + Ensure that inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector, an area in which child labor is known to occur. + + + Improve effectiveness of child labor complaint and referral mechanisms to ensure timely responses to complaints. + + + Collect and report data on the total amount in fines collected in relation to child labor violations. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are able to communicate with indigenous language speakers, including those who may be underage, to adequately conduct inspections for child labor violations. + + + Strengthen the inspectorate to include more on-site investigations of worksites. + + + Ensure that conciliations are properly conducted and in accordance with the labor code. + + + + + Strengthen + coordination efforts to institutionalize relationships between civil society + representatives and government agencies that provide services to victims of + child labor. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and that data on these activities to address child labor are published during the reporting period. + + + + + Remove barriers to education for all children, including girls and indigenous children, + children with disabilities, and children living in rural areas, by recruiting and + training more qualified teachers, providing instruction in indigenous + languages, building additional schools with appropriate facilities, increasing security, providing textbooks to all public schools, and removing school fees and + transportation costs. + + + Regularly monitor the effectiveness and impact of social programs such as awareness campaigns beyond number of citizens reached. + + + Initiate social + programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work, and for + children who perform other types of hazardous work. + + + Ensure high standards + of safety and care for children in government-run shelters. + + + Ensure + the safety of NGO officials, human rights workers, judges, and labor activists + to facilitate a secure environment for the implementation of social + programs that address and prevent child labor. + + + Ensure that social programs are implemented, well-funded, able to carry out their objectives, and reach populations outside urban centers, and report on yearly activities. + + + Ensure that children removed from child labor and exploitation situations are provided with adequate social services. + + + Ensure that civil society organizations and NGOs are able to carry out their work freely and independently. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + Increasing Collection Action to Address Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Other Unacceptable Conditions of Work in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/increasing-collective + -action-address-child-labor-forced-labor-and-other-unacceptable + + + My Rights Matter + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/my-rights-matter-nuyatalil-woklen-mis-derechos-son-importantes + + + Combating Child Labor in the Fireworks Industry of Guatemala + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guatemala_Fireworks_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Guinea + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guinea + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Guinea made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government substantially increased the budget of the labor inspectorate and the number of labor inspections conducted, compared to the previous year. Furthermore, the government opened shelters for trafficking survivors, including child survivors, in Conakry and N’Zérékoré, with support from the European Union and Expertise France. However, children in Guinea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in artisanal mining and forced begging. The government lacks a coordinating mechanism and national policy to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. Laws related to the minimum age for work also do not meet international standards because they do not include children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. In addition, the government does not implement sufficient social programs to address the extent of the child labor problem. On September 5, 2021, the military launched a coup, seized control of the state, and dissolved the Constitution. The coup and the resulting changes in government likely impacted the ability of the Government of Guinea to fully engage in addressing the worst forms of child labor. + + + Cashews + Yes + No + No + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Diamonds + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.542 + + + 7-14 + 0.173 + + + 0.594 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 174182 + 159 + Yes + Yes + 441 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Raise + the minimum age for light work to age 13 to comply with international standards; + ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which + light work may be undertaken and the number of hours that are permitted for + children engaged in light work. + + + Ensure + that all children are protected by the minimum age for work laws, including children working outside of a + formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. + + + Establish + by law free basic education. + + + + + Provide consistent training, including initial courses and training on new laws, for labor law officials. + + + Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts to address the worst forms of child labor, including the numbers of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and penalties imposed. + + + Establish referral mechanisms between labor and criminal authorities and social services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor. + + + Ensure labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement officers, including the Special Police Unit of theOffice for the Protection of Gender, Children, and Morals,receive adequate resources to enforce labor laws, including office supplies, fuel, and vehicles. + + + Ensure + the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections. + + + Conduct labor inspections in the agricultural sector. + + + Publish data on labor law enforcement, including the number of labor violations found, penalties imposed and collected. + + + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies receive sufficient funding to carry out their mandates. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Women's Promotion, Children, and Vulnerable People is active and able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + Establish a coordinating mechanism to prevent and eliminate all formschild + labor. + + + Ensure the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Similar Practices has the authority to coordinate all anti-trafficking efforts in Guinea. + + + + + Adopt + a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Ten-Year Education Program for Guinea during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + Ensure a new national action plan is created and implemented to continue addressing child trafficking. + + + + + Enhance + efforts to make education accessible for all children by eliminating fees and associated costs, improving school infrastructure and sanitation, providing transportation, protecting students from violence and sexual harassment in schools, ensuring pregnant students may continue their studies, and increasing school and teacher + availability. + + + Institute + programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, + domestic work, forced begging, mining, and street work. + + + Provide all children with access to birth registration. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop Exploitive Labor and Educate Children for Tomorrow Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guinea_SELECT_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor and Exploitation through Education in Guinea + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guinea_CCLEE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Guinea-Bissau + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guinea-bissau + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Guinea-Bissau made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Guard began training border officials on how to detect human trafficking situations and created grass roots committees within villages near border locations to aid in identifying human traffickers using illegal border crossings. The newly developed case management and referral system, under the lead of the National Institute for Women and Children, was also used by 28 institutions during the reporting period and although the National Emergency Plan for the Prevention and Combat of Trafficking in Persons expired in 2021, it continued to be implemented and contributed toward the rescue and reintegration of 198 child trafficking victims at the national and transnational level. However, children in Guinea-Bissau are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Prohibitions against the commercial sexual exploitation of children does not meet international standards since the prostitution of children is not criminally prohibited in the country's legal framework. In addition, even though a new labor code was put into effect in 2022, the minimum age for work remains not in compliance with international standards since the law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children without a work contract. Furthermore, law enforcement officials do not receive sufficient resources to adequately conduct inspections and prosecute cases of child labor, and social programs do not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.976 + + + 7-14 + 0.206 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 23 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 8 + 8 + 0 + Yes + 0 + + + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including children without a work contract. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that the law + criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed + groups. + + + Ensure that all nine years of + basic education are free. + + + Raise the compulsory education age from 15 to 16 to be consistent with the minimum age for employment. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of a child for prostitution. + + + + + Publish information on labor enforcement data for the reporting period, including the amount of funding provided to the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspections conducted at worksite, the number of child labor violations, penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, whether routine inspections were conducted and targeted, and also whether unannounced inspections were conducted. + + + Ensure that the number of law enforcement officials is sufficient to address the scope of the problem, and that both law and criminal enforcement officials receive adequateresources to + inspect, investigate, and prosecute cases of child labor throughout the country, including in Bafatá and Gabú, where child labor is known to occur. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating routine inspections and targeting inspections based on the analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + + + Establish a stakeholder responsible for the standardized and consistent data entry into the referral and case management system and ensure the identification of child labor cases. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Code of Conduct Against Sexual Exploitation in Tourism and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + Ensure the National Policy for the Protection of Children and Adolescents is approved. + + + + + Ensure that facilities, including shelters, have + adequate resources to assist victims of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of + the child labor problem, including in street work, particularly begging, and agriculture. + + + Significantly increase efforts to raise national awareness of human trafficking, including child trafficking. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by improving school infrastructure and providing transportation, particularly in rural areas. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + + + Guyana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guyana + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Guyana made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Guyana increased the amount given to families through student cash vouchers. However, children in Guyana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Guyana does not meet the international standard for hazardous work for children because it allows children ages 16 to 17 to conduct night work in industrial activities.Guyanese law does not sufficiently prohibit all commercial sexual exploitation of children because it does not prohibit the use of children for prostitution.In addition, law enforcement agencies have insufficient resources to conduct inspections in remote areas, including a lack of transportation and accommodation. The government did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement or criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.969 + + + 7-14 + 0.185 + + + 0.974 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits the + use of children for illicit activities by prohibiting the use, procuring, or + offering of a child for the production or trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law + criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state + armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits all commercial sexual exploitation of children by prohibiting the use of children in prostitution. + + + Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits children ages 16 to 17 from engaging in hazardous work that may jeopardize their health, safety, or morals. + + + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement; including the inspectorate funding, number of inspectors, number and type of inspections conducted, and child labor violations found. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives + sufficient resources to monitor the interior, where child labor is most + prevalent, and other remote areas. + + + Ensure the appropriate application of Articles 41 and 46 of + the Occupational Safety and Health Act to protect children from work that may harm their physical health or emotional development. + + + Publish information on criminal labor enforcement; including the training for investigators, the number of investigations, the prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, number of imposed penalties, and the referral mechanism. + + + Publish information about the training system for labor inspectors, the mechanism for receiving child labor complaints, and the referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services. + + + + + Permit the Commission on the Rights of the Child to join and participate in the Ministerial Taskforce on Combatting Trafficking in Persons. + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to prevent and eliminate all + worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies, including theNational Child Labor Policy and National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor.. + + + + + Ensure that children are not prevented from + attending school because of transportation costs and lack of infrastructure, and increase the number of qualified teachers, particularly in rural and interior areas. + + + Develop new initiatives and expand existing + programs to reach all children involved in the worst forms of child labor, + including programs addressing child labor in the mining industry and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in fishing and construction, to inform policies and programs. + + + Publish updates on activities implemented throughMinistry of Human Services and Social Security'sChild Development Centers during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Guyana + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guyana_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Haiti + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/haiti + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Haiti made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government certified 29 new labor inspectors and trained them on the labor vulnerabilities faced by children living in orphanages and working in the informal sector. Additionally, with the support of UNICEF the government created a new coordination mechanism dedicated to child protection issues.However, children in Haiti are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and domestic work. Minimum age protections for work apply only to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards requiring all children to be protected. In addition, Haiti lacks a clear minimum age for domestic work and a list of hazardous occupations prohibited to children. Likewise, social programs to address child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + + + + 5-14 + 0.344 + 815993 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.924 + + + 7-14 + 0.349 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that minimum age for work protections apply to all children, including those without formal employment contracts. + + + Raise the compulsory education age from 15 to 16 so that it aligns with the minimum age for work. + + + Clarify the minimum age for work, including for + domestic work. + + + Adopt a list of hazardous occupations and activities, and ensure that the hazardous occupations and + activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include work in + hazardous agricultural environments. + + + Ensure that the law establishes a minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military, at age 18 or at age 16, with safeguards for voluntariness. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits slavery. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including on labor inspectorate funding; the number of labor inspectors; the number of labor inspections conducted; the number of violations found and total penalties imposed and collected; and whether unannounced inspections were carried out. + + + Ensure that the number of labor and criminal law + enforcement agents, training, and resources for labor and criminal law + enforcement agencies are sufficient to adequately enforce laws related to child + labor, including its worst forms. + + + Expand the reach of the hotlines operated by the Brigade for the Protection of Minors and the Institute of Social Welfare and Research to + facilitate reporting of child exploitation cases in areas beyond + Port-au-Prince, including in rural areas. + + + Ensure + that the Institute of Social Welfare and Research conducts child protection inspections, including following up on reported incidents of child labor. + + + Collect and publish complete information on the number of investigations, prosecutions initiated, and convictions, as well as on if penalties were imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Employ at least 129 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 5.2 million people. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that theNational Social Protection and Promotion Policy is implemented. + + + + + Expand existing social programs to address the + scope of the child labor problem, particularly in domestic work, agriculture, + and child trafficking. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make + education accessible for all children by increasing the number of public schools and teachers, especially in rural + areas; improving school infrastructure and safety; ensuring that public + schools address language barriers; meeting the + specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including unregistered children and children with disabilities; and ensuring that children who start their education late or repeat grades are allowed to transition to secondary school. + + + Ensure that the National Child Protection Database is operating and expand it so that it includes additional relevant information, such as identifying displaced street children and children in domestic + work. + + + Ensure that all social programs are active and fulfilling their mandates as intended. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure all children are able to obtain birth registration documents. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Protecting the Working Conditions of People/ Proteje Kondisyon Travay Moun + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protecting-working-conditions-people-proteje-kondisyon-travay-moun-pwokontram + + + + + Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/honduras + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Honduras made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Commission for the Gradual and Progressive Eradication of Child Labor updated the hazardous work list, which awaits ministerial approval, and held a public expo to raise awareness of child labor. The Ministry of Labor and Social Security also approved the creation of a child labor seal to incentivize the private sector to implement good practices and promote compliance with child labor prohibitions. In addition, the government replaced the Better Life Voucher program with the Solidarity Network conditional cash transfer program for families in some of the poorest towns in the country to ensure those children stay in school. However, children in Honduras are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. They are also used to carry out illicit activities, including selling and trafficking drugs. Children also engage in child labor in the production of coffee, melons, and lobsters. Labor law enforcement agencies lack the financial and human resources necessary to fulfill their mandates, identifying no child labor law violations in 2022 and decreasing the number of criminal investigations conducted and prosecutions initiated compared with the previous reporting period. Additionally, social programs that aim to address child labor in agriculture have failed to address the problem, and other social programs are needed to address child labor in fishing, mining, domestic work, and forced begging. + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Lobsters + Yes + No + No + + + Melons + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.09 + 168348 + 0.533 + 0.127 + 0.34 + + + 5-14 + 0.879 + + + 7-14 + 0.062 + + + 0.802 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + 3496488 + 109 + Yes + Yes + 19825 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + 4 + 3 + 1 + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Raise the compulsory education age from 17 to 18 to align with the minimum age for work. + + + + + Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient funding and transportation to carry out their mandates nationwide. + + + Ensure + that all labor inspectors receive sufficient training on child labor issues. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement information on the training for criminal investigators and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 109 to 278 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 4.2 million people. + + + Carry out labor inspections in areas in which child labor is prevalent, such as rural areas, the informal sector, and indigenous communities in which children engage in hazardous activities. + + + Ensure that the referral mechanism is being used by the labor inspectorate to refer children to the appropriate social services. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Increase + access to education by increasing funding to schools; ensuring that teachers speak local languages or dialects; building more schools, + particularly secondary schools, and schools in rural areas; enhancing efforts to protect students from + gang recruitment and violence; ensuring children with disabilities have access; and removing barriers such as school fees, costs for uniforms, and lack of transportation. + + + Expand social programs that address child labor in agriculture and create programs to assist children engaged in child labor in fishing, mining, domestic service, and illicit gang activity. + + + Ensure that social programs reach the children who are most vulnerable to child labor, + including children of African descent and indigenous children. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + Youth Pathways - Central America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-central-america-0 + + + Increasing Collection Action to Address Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Other Unacceptable Conditions of Work in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/increasing-collective + -action-address-child-labor-forced-labor-and-other-unacceptable + + + Addressing Child Labor and Forced Labor in the Coffee Supply Chain in Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/addressing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-coffee-supply-chain-honduras + + + Futuros Brillantes: Project to Reduce Child Labor and Improve Labor Rights and Working Conditions in Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/futuros-brillantes-project-reduce-child-labor-and-improve-labor-rights-and-working-0 + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in the Melon Plantations of Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/prevention-and-elimination-child-labor-melon-plantations-honduras + + + + + India + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/india + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, India made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Railway Protection Force started a nationwide campaign that helped rescue 183 children from trafficking. In Haryana, the Anti-Human Trafficking Unit reunited 378 trafficked children with their families, and the police department rescued 1,760 children from child labor. Additionally, the Government of India revised the rehabilitation scheme for bonded laborers, which increased the immediate financial assistance provided to survivors from $250 to $375. However, children in India are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in garment production, stone quarrying, and brickmaking. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include all occupations in which children work for long periods in unsafe and unhealthy environments, and penalties for employing children are insufficient to deter violations. There are also serious concerns about widespread corruption among police and other government officials related to the enforcement of child labor crimes, actively impeding the investigation and prosecution of such offenses, and mistreating victims. In addition, children continue to be abused in shelter homes that operate without sufficient government oversight or accountability. + + + Bidis + Yes + No + No + + + Brassware + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Carpets + Yes + Yes + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Cottonseed + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Embellished Textiles + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Fireworks + Yes + No + No + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gems + Yes + No + No + + + Glass Bangles + Yes + No + No + + + Incense + Yes + No + No + + + Leather Goods/Accessories + Yes + No + No + + + Locks + Yes + No + No + + + Matches + Yes + No + No + + + Mica + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Sandstone + Yes + Yes + No + + + Silk Fabric + Yes + No + No + + + Silk Thread + Yes + No + No + + + Soccer Balls + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tea + No + Yes + No + + + Thread/Yarn + Yes + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.014 + 3253202 + 0.564 + 0.331 + 0.104 + + + 5-14 + 0.907 + + + 7-14 + 0.003 + + + 0.946 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the types of hazardous work + prohibited for children under age 18 include sectors in which children work in unsafe and unhealthy conditions for long + periods of time, such as in spinning mills, garment production, carpet making, + and domestic work. + + + Ensure that the law criminally that prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups applies to all regions in India, including Jammu and Kashmir. + + + Publish the legal instrument that establishes the minimum age for voluntary recruitment into India's armed forces. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Publish information on how theOccupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code will be harmonized with the existing Child Labor Act. + + + + + Collect and publish national-level data on labor + law enforcement, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections conducted, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Consistently impose penalties for child labor to meaningfully deter child labor law violations. + + + Collect and publish national-level data from all + state governments on criminal law enforcement efforts, including trainings for criminal investigators, the number of criminal investigations, the number of violations found, the number of prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions. + + + Ensure that public officials who facilitate or participate in the worst forms of child labor are held accountable, including officials who accept bribes in exchange for protection from the law. + + + Investigate suspected abuses and misconduct at government-run and government-funded, and privately-run shelter homes, and ensure that all shelter homes are registered and subject to adequate oversight, have mechanisms in place to protect children from physical and sexual abuse, and that all staff members receive adequate training on how to recognize and report signs of abuse. + + + Ensure adequate training for labor and criminal law inspectors, that an adequate number of labor inspections are conducted, that labor inspections are regularly conducted in all sectors in which child labor occurs, and that the complaint mechanism response time is efficient. + + + Ensure that all Anti-Human Trafficking Units are operational and receive sufficient training, funding, and human resources to adequately perform their work. Make certain that funding extends beyond infrastructure reforms and is directed to anti-human trafficking efforts. + + + Release disaggregated information on Ministry of Labor's budget, and ensure enough financial assistance forfacilities, transportation, fuel, and other necessities to carry out inspections. + + + Ensure that there is implementation of survivor protection measures in courts and ensure that judges and prosecutors at Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act courts have adequate training or expertise on crimes involving the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Increase prosecution rates for human trafficking cases and seek adequate sentencing following convictions. + + + Ensure that the Anti-Human Trafficking Units, including those pending in Andhra Pradesh, are fully established. + + + Employ at least 34,922 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 523.8 million people. + + + Enforce laws related to bonded labor and labor trafficking under the Bonded Labor System Abolition Act, and ensure survivors are properly compensated. + + + Ensure that bonded labor cases are fast tracked and that state governments are issuing release certificates and provide financial assistance for bonded labor victims, including full compensation for those freed from bonded labor. + + + Ensure that politically connected individuals on the local and state level face prosecution for holding agricultural and brick kiln workers in bonded labor. + + + Ensure that penalties are imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor, and that a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. + + + Ensure law enforcement officials who mistreat human trafficking survivors or delay or jeopardize cases, included registering human trafficking cases as kidnaping cases, face proper disciplinary action. + + + Ensure that law enforcement officials investigate child labor crimes and register First Information Reports in a timely manner, including for cases involving bonded labor. + + + Ensure the all the States in India adhere to the 1-year timeline for prosecution mandated in theProtection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act courts, + + + Ensure officials engaging in corruption, including inspectors who accept bribes, are prosecuted. + + + Ensure labor inspections are conducted in all establishments, including businesses, and are completed in a timely manner. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Encourage states and territories that do not currently have action plans for the elimination of child labor to establish such plans. + + + Ensure + that activities are undertaken to implement National Plan of Action for + Children, State Action Plan on Child Labor, and the National Policy on Child Labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Ensure equitable and broad access to education by providing adequate financial resources dedicated to remote learning assets and penalizing education officials who engage in + discrimination and harassment of children. + + + Ensure that data on exploitative child labor are collected and findings made available + to the public, including findings from district-level bonded labor surveys and + raw data from the national census. + + + Reduce barriers to education, in particular for refugee children and + children from marginalized communities, by providing sufficient training for + teachers, providing separate and sanitary washrooms for girls, and increasing + the number of available schools, especially in rural areas in which inadequate infrastructure + and transportation options limit access to education. + + + Ensure that Ujjwala and Swadhar Greh shelter homes meet registration guidelines for gaining licensure, including by acting on applications within the prescribed timeframe. + + + Ensure that shelter homes are safe and not operating as hostels, including by providing accommodations to non-survivor guests. + + + Ensure that funding for human rights organizations are not restricted. + + + Ensure that funding for human trafficking shelters are adequate and released in a timely manner. + + + Collect and make publicly available data on child labor to inform enforcement actions, coordination efforts, policies, and programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + Supply Chain Tracing and Engagement Methodologies + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/streams-supply-chain-tracing-and-engagement-methodologies + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-4 + + + Converging Against Child Labor: Support for India's Model + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_ConvergenceModel_0.pdf + + + Preventing and Eliminating Child Labor in Identified Hazardous Sectors – Migrant Child Labor Addendum + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_INDUS_MigrantChildAdden_CLOSED.pdf + + + Preventing and Eliminating Child Labor in Identified Hazardous Sectors + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_INDUS_CLOSED.pdf + + + Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Indonesia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/indonesia + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Indonesia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, together with UNICEF, launched the Prevention of Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse program, a three-year partnership in response to a report on Indonesian children being victims of online sexual exploitation. The Ministry of Manpower also increased funding for the labor inspectorate from $12.2 million in 2021 to $15.1 million in 2022, and increased its number of labor inspectors by 267, for a total of 1,570. However, children in Indonesia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in plantation agriculture, including in palm oil and tobacco production. Despite the increases in funding and inspectors in 2022, the Ministry of Manpower continues to lack the financial resources and personnel necessary to fully enforce child labor laws throughout the country. In addition, Indonesia's prohibitions against child trafficking are inconsistent with international law because the Law on the Eradication of the Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons requires a demonstration of threats, the use of force, or coercion be established for the crime of child trafficking to have occurred. + + + Fish + Yes + Yes + No + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Oil + Yes + Yes + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Tin + Yes + No + No + + + Crude Palm Oil + No + No + No + + + Crude Palm Kernel Oil + No + No + No + + + Refined Palm Oil + No + No + No + + + Refined Palm Kernel Oil + No + No + No + + + Oleochemicals + No + No + No + + + + + 10-14 + 0.037 + 816363 + 0.616 + 0.12 + 0.265 + + + 10-14 + 0.924 + + + 10-14 + 0.021 + + + 1.023 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 15100000 + 1570 + No + Yes + 14627 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that threats, the use of force, and coercion do not need to be established for the crime of child trafficking to be proven. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including jockeying in horse racing. + + + Establish by law free basic public education by removing provisions that permit schools to charge fees. + + + Ensure that the labor law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be permitted for children. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 1,570 to 9,047 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 135.7 million people. + + + Sufficiently + fund the anti-trafficking task forces at the national, provincial, and local levels to conduct investigations and carry out their intended mandates. + + + Publish + criminal law enforcement information, + including the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for + violations relating to child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Ensure that all labor law and criminal law enforcement personnel + receive adequate training on child labor regulations and relevant criminal laws. + + + Ensure that labor inspectorate funding is sufficient to cover office infrastructure, transportation, and fuel requirements to enable labor inspectors to carry out inspections. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have the legal authority to conduct inspections in the informal sector, including on private farms and homes, in which child labor often occurs. + + + Strengthen the inspection system by conducting unannounced inspections. + + + Provide resources to collect and centralize national data on child labor, making reporting by precincts mandatory, and specifying to which child labor crimes the collected data refers. + + + + + Ensure that the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) is active and able to carry out its intended mandates. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Collect and publish prevalence data on child laborers ages 5 through 10. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, including ensuring that all children are able to obtain a government-issued student identification number so they can attend school. + + + Conduct research to determine the types of labor activities carried out by children, including in the construction and street work sectors, to + inform social policies and programs. + + + Ensure that the most recent source of government child labor data is used consistently across all ministries to inform programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- + addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean + + + PROMOTE: Decent Work for Domestic Workers to End Child Domestic Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promote-decent-work-domestic-workers-end-child-domestic-work + + + Eliminate Exploitive Child Labor through Education and Economic Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminate-exploitive-child-labor-through-education-and-economic-development-exceed + + + Project of Support to the Indonesia Timebound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor-Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_TBP_PhaseII_0.pdf + + + Enable Program: Enabling ACEH to Combat Exploitation through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_ENABLEACEH_TsunamiRelief_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Enable Program: Enabling Communities to Combat Child Trafficking Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_ENABLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Support to the Indonesian National Plan of Action and the Development of the Timebound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Fishing and Footwear Sectors Program to Combat Hazardous Child Labor in Indonesia, Phase 2 + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/fishing-and-footwear-sectors-program-combat-hazardous-child-labor-indonesia-phase-2 + + + SAFE Seas + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/safe-seas + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Fishing Sector in Indonesia and the Philippines- Phases I and II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthEastAsia_Fishing_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Iran + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/iran + Middle East and North Africa + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Carpets + Yes + No + No + + + + + Iraq + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/iraq + Middle East and North Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Iraq made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs' Child Labor Unit conducted 328 inspections throughout the country. Additionally, the unit identified 109 children under 15 engaging in child labor and 604 under 18. However, Iraq is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. During the reporting period, Iraqi and Kurdistan Regional Government authorities inappropriately detained or punished children allegedly affiliated with ISIS—some of whom were victims of forcible recruitment and use. Children in Iraq are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. The government did not provide information on its criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. It also continues to lack social programs that focus on assisting children involved in child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation, brickmaking, and child soldiering. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.784 + + + 7-14 + 0.042 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 713 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the laws comprehensively prohibit + child trafficking in all parts of Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, and do + not require force or coercion for their application, in accordance with + international standards. + + + Ensure + that the law in Iraq criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit + activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the compulsory education age of 12 years in Iraq to at least age 15, the minimum age for + work. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the use of a child in prostitution and the + use, procuring, and offering of a child for the production of pornography and + pornographic performances. + + + + + Publish labor + law enforcement information, such as labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors, number of labor inspections conducted at worksite, number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, whether routine inspections and targeted inspections were conducted, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. + + + Ensure children picked up by authorities for begging are screened for trafficking indicators. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training on child labor and that they have sufficient resources to carry out their duties. + + + Employ at least 690 labor inspectors to provide adequate coverage for the labor force of approximately 10.3 million people and ensure + adequate funding to enforce legal protections against child labor. + + + Ensure that armed groups that recruit and use children are held criminally accountable. + + + Publish + information on criminal law enforcement on the worst forms of child labor in + Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. + + + Ensure that children are not arrested, detained, tortured, or denied services on the basis of their or their family members' perceived ties to ISIS. + + + Ensure that routine labor inspections are carried out in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. + + + Ensure that allegations of sexual exploitation and trafficking of girls in IDP camps by government officials are investigated and those responsible are held criminally liable. + + + Ensure that children who are victims of trafficking are not imprisoned and are granted access to social services providers and humanitarian assistance. + + + + + Ensure that the Interministerial Committee on Child Labor effectively coordinates among agencies to process cases of children suspected of having ties to ISIS or children who are victims of human trafficking. + + + + + Implement the Child Protection Policy in Iraq and adopt a child labor policy in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region for other worst forms of child labor present in Iraq, including forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Implement programs to ensure + that children are discouraged from enlisting in armed groups and receiving + military training. + + + Ensure that universal access to education is consistent with international standards, including for refugee and internally displaced children and children with special needs, and that programs address barriers to education, including the lack of teachers, the destruction and lack of local schools, costs of transportation and school supplies, lack of infrastructure, especially during school closures. Ensure that the lack of identification documents does not hinder access to education, including for IDPs and refugees, children with suspected ties to ISIS, and children born of “informal” marriages. + + + Implement programs to address child labor in relevant sectors in Iraq, such as the provision of services to children in commercial sexual exploitation, to demobilize and reintegrate children engaged in armed groups, and to provide informal education programs and shelters for human trafficking victims. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Jamaica + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/jamaica + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Jamaica made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor and Social Security drafted a new government policy aimed at reducing child labor, that is awaiting Cabinet approval. However, children in Jamaica are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and use in illicit activities. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and street work. Jamaican laws do not provide higher penalties for using, procuring, or offering children for the production and distribution of drugs than penalties imposed for these same crimes when the victims are adults. Moreover, thelaw providing for free basic education does not meet international standards because free education is only guaranteed for Jamaicancitizens. + + + + 5-14 + 0.062 + 30111 + 0.165 + 0.029 + 0.806 + + + 5-14 + 0.989 + + + 7-14 + 0.072 + + + 0.769 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + $3,500,00 + 41 + Yes + Yes + 2319 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 60 + 7 + 1 + Yes + No + + + + + Ensure that legislation includes higher penalties for the use of + children for the + production and distribution of drugs. + + + Pass legislation that will determine the specific + light work activities and hours permissible for children ages 13 and 14 to facilitate enforcement. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Establish by law that + free basic public education is available to all children, regardless of citizenship. + + + Ensure that legislation criminally prohibits the use of a child for prostitution. + + + + + Ensure enforcement of child labor laws for hazardous work, particularly in domestic work, agriculture, fishing, wholesale, and retail sectors. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 41 to 88 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 1.3 million people. + + + + + Ensure that the Child Protection and Family Services Agency and any other relevant agency or coordinating body has the authority and resources necessary to effectively coordinate between child labor, human trafficking, and other child-related issues. + + + + + Increase the integration of child labor elimination and prevention + strategies into existing and future policies. + + + Ensure a government policy aimed at reducing child labor is implemented. + + + + + Ensure + that school costs, such as uniforms, books, food, and transportation, do not diminish + access to free public education, including for students at traditional and non-traditional schools. + + + Ensure that social programs adequately address child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, and expand programs designed to assist child laborers involved in street work, commercial sexual exploitation, agricultural work, and other worst forms of + child labor, particularly in rural areas. + + + Implement a program to report, identify, and find missing children who may have been forced into child labor. + + + Conduct research to determine + the activities carried out by children working in farming and fishing to inform + policies and programs. + + + Ensure activities are + undertaken to implementthe Regional Initiative Latin America and the Caribbean Free of Child Laborduring the reporting period and make + information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + Address issues of bullying towards young girls, immigrant children, LGBTQI+ youth, children from poor families, and children from rural areas and ensure disabled children have adequate access to education. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Jamaica + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jamaica_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Jordan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/jordan + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Jordan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government amended the penal code to increase penalties for enabling or encouraging a child under the age of 16 to beg or collect donations, including imprisonment of not less than two years for forced child begging. The government also investigated42 cases involving the use of children in the production and trafficking of drugs andupdated the National Framework for the Reduction of Child Labor, extending it to 2030. However, children in Jordan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Moreover, Syrian children still face barriers to accessing education due to socioeconomic pressures, bullying, and the costs associated with transportation and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the scope of government programs is insufficient to fully address the extent of child labor, including in construction and street vending. + + + + 5-14 + 0.01 + 33182 + 0.432 + 0.142 + 0.426 + + + 5-14 + 0.948 + + + 7-14 + 0.01 + + + 0.816 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 423000 + 172 + Yes + Yes + 37741 + 374 + 98 + 98 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law + criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state + armed groups. + + + + + Improve the quality of the Ministry of Labor's hotline by making it easier to locate and ensuring that operators, including those who speak foreign languages, are available outside of business hours, and all messages are addressed. + + + Ensure that the number of inspections conducted per labor inspector affords inspectors enough time to adequately identify and remediate labor law violations, including in the agricultural sector. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigators, violations, prosecutions, and convictions. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 172 to 195 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 2.9 million people. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources to fulfill its mandate, including hiring additional labor inspectors to provide adequate coverage for the labor force. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to eliminate all worst forms + of child labor and other forms of child labor, including street and farm work. + + + + + Implement the Plan of Action to Eliminate Child Labor in Tourism in Petra. + + + + + Continue to expand access to education for all children including Syrian and non-Syrian refugees, ensuring that students have transportation, are able to purchase supplies and uniforms, students are not bullied or harassed, and school hours are extended. + + + Institute programs to address the worst forms of + child labor in construction and street vending. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Moving Towards a Child Labor-Free Jordan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/moving-towards-child-labor-free-jordan + + + Promising Futures: Reducing Child Labor in Jordan Through Education and Sustainable Livelihoods + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promising-futures-reducing-child-labor-jordan-through-education-and-sustainable + + + Combating Exploitive Labor through Education in Jordan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jordan_CECLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Jordan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jordan_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Kazakhstan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kazakhstan + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Kazakhstan made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government provided data on labor inspectorate funding for the first time since 2020, and increased that funding significantly. Training for labor inspectors was provided and new courses were introduced specifically to target the identification and remediation of the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Kazakhstan is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued with the implementation of the revised Entrepreneurial Code that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. On December 30, 2021, the President of Kazakhstan signed a law significantly restricting the circumstances under which unannounced inspections can be performed. The new law, which came into effect on January 1, 2023, codifies and expands the government’s existing practice under which unannounced inspections are prohibited in all cases, except in the presence of compelling grounds, and supporting evidence enclosed to such a complaint, or if an inspection is mandated by judicial or tax authorities. The lack of unannounced inspections may leave potential violations of child labor laws and other labor abuses undetected in workplaces. Children in Kazakhstan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in markets. The government lacks current, comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton production. In addition, the government extended a moratorium under which labor inspections of small enterprises are permitted only in cases that pose a mass threat to life and health, law and social order, or national security. + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.032 + 79690 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.907 + + + 7-14 + 0.036 + + + 1.02 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 19 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + 5200000 + 261 + Yes + Yes + 4920 + 3 + 5 + 5 + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 11 + 9 + 0 + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that + minimum age provisions and hazardous work prohibitions apply to all children, + including those working without an employment contract. + + + Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. + + + Increase the compulsory education age from 17 years old to 18 years old to align with the minimum age for work. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 261 to 459 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 9.2 million people. + + + Increase the number of human trafficking-focused law enforcement officers to ensure adequate enforcement of criminal prohibitions against the worst forms of child labor. + + + Lift the moratorium on labor inspections at small enterprises and ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections at such businesses as appropriate. + + + Strengthen detection of child labor by ensuring that targeted enforcement efforts, such as raids and unannounced labor inspections, are undertaken throughout the year and in all sectors in which children are vulnerable to child labor, including in agriculture. + + + Publish comprehensive information on criminal law enforcement efforts for the worst forms of child labor, including penalties imposed. + + + Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers for onsite and unannounced inspections, as well as targeting inspections to high risk industries. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Conduct research to + gather comprehensive data on child labor, including the activities carried out + by children working in agriculture, in construction, and in the service sector, to inform + policies and programs. + + + Institute programs to + address child labor, particularly in the agriculture and service sectors. + + + Ensure that all children have access to education and may receive official diplomas, including children with irregular migration status and children with disabilities, and raise awareness in vulnerable communities about existing remedies for denial of school enrollment. + + + Remove barriers that prevent migrant children who are above the minimum age for work from obtaining legal work permits, and ensure that children who must be detained are housed in appropriate facilities separate from adult detainees.. + + + Ensure that Juvenile Care Centers continue to operate, and publicize information on activities undertaken during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Central Asia Regional Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Kenya + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kenya + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Kenya made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government enacted the Children's Act, strengthening legal protections for children from child labor and outlining child protection mandates of government agencies. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Kenya is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Elements within the Kenyan Defense Forces provided various forms of in-kind support--including harboring, training, intelligence-gathering, and payment of salaries--to a Somali federal member state that is strongly implicated in the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Children in Kenya are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced domestic service. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Key coordinating committees related to the elimination of child labor lack adequate resources to carry out their mandates and the labor inspectorate does not have sufficient financial and human resources, affecting its ability to ensure that child labor laws are enforced. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Khat/Miraa + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Sand + Yes + No + No + + + Sisal + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.116 + 1468203 + 0.463 + 0.156 + 0.382 + + + 5-14 + 0.939 + + + 7-14 + 0.115 + + + 0.997 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 130 + Yes + Yes + 8131 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 2 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Accede to the CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child + Pornography. + + + Broaden light work regulations to limit the number of hours for all light work activities, including for work outside of agriculture or horticulture. + + + Raise the minimum age of work from 16 to 18 to align with the compulsory education age and ensure that children up to the compulsory education age are covered by the light work provisions. + + + Ensure that laws providing free basic education + cover all children in Kenya, including non-citizens. + + + + + Publish information about labor law enforcement efforts, including the funding of the labor inspectorate, the number of child labor violations, and the number of child labor violations in which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor has sufficient material resources, including transportation and offices, to address labor + violations in all sectors, including agriculture. + + + Increase + the number of labor inspectors from 130 to 1,314 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 19.7 million people in all sectors, including agriculture. + + + Ensure that magistrates handling child protection cases receive training on policies, laws, and procedures, including the Sexual Offenses Act and the Children Act. + + + Publish information about criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, including the number of investigations and prosecutions initiated. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies, including the National Steering Committee on Child Labor, receive sufficient funding to fully carry out their intended mandates of overseeing efforts to eliminate child labor across government agencies, civil society organizations, and employer organizations. + + + Strengthen coordination between the Child Labor Unit and the Department of Children Services, including sharing of child protection data and referral of child laborers for rehabilitation services, to better facilitate management and resolution of child labor cases. + + + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period, including implementation of outlined strategies to increase child labor awareness, establish child labor free zones, and improve accessibility to education and social protection programs. + + + Provide sufficient fiscal resources for public institutions mandated for developing and implementing child labor policies, including the State Department for Labor and its National Steering Committee on Child Labor, as well as the State Department for Social Protection. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and refugee children, by ensuring that pregnant girls can remain in school, improving access to birth registration documents, increasing the number of schools, and improving existing educational facilities in refugee camps. + + + Improve + access to education by increasing the number of schools and teachers, addressing sexual abuse in schools, and eliminating or defraying the cost of school fees, books, and uniforms. + + + Expand + existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including establishing interventions targeting children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Take measures to ensure that armed groups recruiting and using children are + not receiving financial, training, transportation, and other forms of in-kind + support from Kenyan Defense Forces and hold perpetrators of the worst forms of + child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. + + + Take measures to expand birth registration to improve accessibility to education and social services protecting children from child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network National Networks + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + Better Utilization of Skills for Youth through Quality Apprenticeships + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/better-utilization-skills-youth-busy-through-quality-apprenticeships + + + Creating The Enabling Environment To Establish Models For Child Labor Free Areas In Kenya: Support To The Implementation Of The National Action Plan For The Elimination Of The Worst Forms Of Child Labor With Special Focus On Agriculture And Older Children + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/creating-enabling-environment-establish-models-child-labor-free-areas-kenya-support + + + Supporting the National Plan of Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Kenya + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Kenya_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Kiribati + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kiribati + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Kiribati made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2022, the Ministry of Women, Youth, Sports, and Social Affairs launched a child protection case management and referral system called SafeNet, which allows personnel from the government, churches, and NGOs to share information and assist child victims, including those found in exploitive situations. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Kiribati are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Existing laws do not identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. The law also does not specify the conditions under which light work can be undertaken. In addition, the government has not adopted a national policy to address the worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.958 + + + 7-14 + 0.297 + + + 0.934 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 5 + Yes + No + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + 0 + + + + + Determine by national law orregulation the types of hazardous work prohibited forchildren, after consultation with employers’ andworkers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that the law specifies the activities and + number of hours of work per week that are acceptable for children engaged in + light work, and the conditions under which children can engage in light + work. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 to 15 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Institutionalize training on child labor laws for labor inspectors and criminal investigators. Allocate funding for this training. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are inspecting informal and high-risk sectors where there is evidence of child labor violations, including its worst forms. + + + Publish labor law enforcement information, including labor inspectorate funding and the number of labor inspections conducted at the worksite. + + + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the Child Protection Working Group. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Collect and publish + data on the extent and nature of child labor in all sectors to inform policies and programs. + + + Implement social + programs to address all relevant forms of child labor, including in + construction and street vending. + + + Implement programs to address the issue of commercial sexual exploitation of young girls by crew members from foreign fishing vessels. + + + Ensure 24-hour hotlines are still active. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Kosovo + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kosovo + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Kosovo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government adopted a new Law on Crime Victim Compensation, which will expand the existing victims' compensation program and thereby assist child victims of human trafficking and forced labor. Additionally, the new Strategy for Advancement of the Rights of Roma and Ashkali Communities 2022–2024 was adopted.The government also worked with Save the Children to develop manuals for social services providers, which resulted in improved communication between providers in efforts to assist vulnerable children. However, children in Kosovo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work, including begging and loading and transporting goods. The Labor Inspectorate and Centers for Social Work face financial and human resource constraints, which may impede their ability to adequately address child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.956 + + + 7-14 + 0.117 + + + Unavailable + + + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 874798 + 35 + Yes + Yes + 5457 + 1 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 44 + 33 + 14 + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that the Kosovo Police are trained to identify and properly classify cases of forced begging. + + + Incorporate topics on child labor, including hazardous child labor, in both new employee training and refresher courses offered by the Labor Inspectorate and law enforcement; ensure that trainings on new child labor laws are provided to all labor inspectors and law enforcement personnel. + + + Ensure that Centers for Social Work have sufficient capacity, funding, human resources, and training to address the specific needs of child labor victims. + + + Publish information on the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed. + + + Ensure that enforcement efforts include child labor cases found in the informal labor market. + + + + + Not applicable + + + Ensure that inter-ministerial communication between the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other government entities on issues concerning policymaking and enforcement related to child labor is improved. + + + Ensure that the Committee on the Prevention and Elimination of Hazardous Forms of Child Labor is fully funded and active and able to carry out its mandate to coordinate government policies to combat child labor. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Collect + and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and + programs. + + + Eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including by making additional efforts to register Ashkali, Balkan Egyptian, and Roma children at birth and ensuring the availability of native-language teaching materials and subsidized transportation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + + + Kyrgyz Republic + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kyrgyz-republic + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, the Kyrgyz Republic made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In January 2022, a moratorium on labor inspections expired and the Ministry of Labor, Social Security, and Migration resumed regular inspections. The Ministry of Internal Affairs also continued to conduct raids of business at high risk for labor law violations, including raids specifically targeted towards identifying vulnerable children and child labor. The criminal code was amended to strengthen penalties for sexual abuse of children or involving children in illicit activities. In addition, the government funded the construction and staffing of 31 new schools to improve educational access. The government did not provide complete information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. However, children in the Kyrgyz Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Protections to children granted in the Labor Code, such as the minimum age of employment, are not extended to children engaged in non-contractual employment, and research indicated that labor law enforcement efforts are not targeted to all sectors in which children are vulnerable to child labor, especially agriculture. In addition, the scope of social programs to address child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.947 + + + 7-14 + 0.384 + + + 1.081 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 50 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 25 + 0 + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions apply to all children, including those working + without an employment contract. + + + Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution and ensure that laws prohibiting offering of children for prostitution cover all children under age 18. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which children may undertake light + work. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 16 to 17 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Publish complete information about the Ministry of Labor, Social Development, and Migration's efforts to enforce prohibitions on child labor, including information on the inspectorate's funding, the number of labor inspectors, and the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites. + + + Increase the number of labor + inspectors from 50 to 144 labor inspectors to provide adequate coverage for the labor force of approximately 2.9 million people and ensure that inspectors have adequate resources to conduct inspections. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies + investigate, prosecute, and impose penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor under the appropriate statutes, including cases of possible law enforcement and judicial complicity in abusing victims and protecting offenders. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts unannounced, onsite labor inspections, and assesses penalties as appropriate. + + + Ensure that child labor violations identified by criminal enforcement agencies are appropriately referred for investigation and prosecution. + + + Conduct targeted inspections in all sectors in which children are highly vulnerable to child labor, including in rural areas and in agriculture. + + + Publish complete information about criminal law enforcement efforts to enforce prohibitions on child labor, including information on training, number of investigations, number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, convictions for child labor violations, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + + + Require law enforcement officials to follow established procedures and ensure that child survivors or trafficking are not subjected to questioning without the support of a social worker or psychologist. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement government policies to address child labor and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + + + Ensure that all children have access to free + education, including children with disabilities, children in rural areas, those lacking residence registration, and those without birth certificates and guardianship documents. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of + the child labor problem, particularly in commercial sexual exploitation and in agriculture, including cultivating cotton. + + + Ensure that social programs, such as the Cash Transfer Program, provide sufficient benefits to reduce vulnerability to child labor and are accessible to families. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + Improve understanding of child labor issues in the Kyrgyz Republic by regularly collecting and maintaining data on child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Lebanon + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/lebanon + Middle East and North Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Lebanon made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.In June 2022, the United Nations Children's Fund expanded a national grant for children calledHaddi. The program provides cash assistance to children at risk of child labor and child marriage, and to children with disabilities, children in non-formal education, and children needing nutrition support. However, children in Lebanon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced labor in agriculture. Children also engage in child labor in the production of potatoes and tobacco. Furthermore, government officials continued to indicate that funding is insufficient to properly carry out their duties. In addition, Lebanese law prohibits inspectors from inspecting informal workplaces, where the majority of child labor occurs, and social programs targeting child labor remained insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + + + Potatoes + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 77 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + 0 + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed + Conflict. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 to 15 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including + informal workers, domestic workers, and all agricultural workers. + + + + + Ensure that there is an adequate mechanism to + receive and log child labor complaints and refer them for investigation. + + + Track and publish information on an annual basis on labor law + enforcement. + + + Establish + a mechanism to assess civil penalties and allow inspections of informal workplaces. + + + Provide + Ministry of Labor inspectors with proper funding and resources. + + + Employ at least 120 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 1.8 million people. + + + Publish information on the number of prosecutions initiated and number of convictions for violations of criminal laws. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies, including the Internal Security Forces' anti-human trafficking unit, have the necessary funding and staff to investigate and prosecute criminal cases of child labor in accordance with the law and establish field offices outside of Beirut. + + + + + Ensure that the National Steering Committee on Child Labor meets on a regular basis and coordinates activities to address child labor. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period and that data on these activities are published on an annual basis. + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a new National Action Plan on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor. + + + + + Ensure access to + public education for all children, including refugees, by improving transportation, addressing bullying and harassment, accommodating students with disabilities, ending corporal punishment, improving facilities and accommodating students coming from a different curriculum than in Lebanon. + + + Expand + programs, including social services for human trafficking survivors, to fully address the extent of child labor, including in construction and forced labor in agriculture. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs.​ + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Alternatives to Combat Child Labor Through Education and Sustainable Services in the Middle East and North Africa Region + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/MidEast_LebanonYemen_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the National Policy and Program Framework for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Lebanon and Yemen: Consolidating Action against WFCL + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/MidEast_LebanonYemen_IPEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Lesotho + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/lesotho + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Lesotho made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Lesotho organized 17 radio programs and 39 school seminars with a focus on human traffickingand finalized a report with recommendations on how to improve the criminal justice systems response to human trafficking. The government also placed additional officers at the Moshoeshoe International Airport to help identify human trafficking victims and theLesotho Police Forces rescued four girls from being trafficked.However, children in Lesotho are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in animal herding. Lesotho’s compulsory education age is 13 which is below the minimum age for work, which is 15, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The government also lacks effective coordination mechanisms to address child labor, and labor inspections are not conducted in high-risk sectors, including the informal sector, where child labor is prevalent. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.938 + + + 7-14 + 0.321 + + + 0.907 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 13 + No + No + + + + 151036 + 29 + No + No + 875 + 2 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + 2 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Raise the minimum age for compulsory education from 13 to + 15 so it is consistent with the minimum age for admission to work. + + + + + Provide adequate funding and training for labor inspectors to carry out mandated duties. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive an adequate amount of funding, training, and resources with which to conduct investigations. + + + Ensure + that labor inspections are conducted in all relevant sectors, including + the informal sector. + + + Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. + + + + + Improve coordination and communication among coordinating bodies to clarify mandates to address all forms of child labor. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as livestock herding and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Institute + programs that mitigate the impacts of HIV and support orphans and vulnerable children. + + + Increase + birth registrations of children to reduce their vulnerability to the worst + forms of child labor. + + + Expand + existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, including child trafficking and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Ensure that children with disabilities have equal access to education. + + + Address educational and logistical gaps resulting in reduced + opportunities for secondary education, including the shortage of teachers and schools, sanitation facilities, and secondary school fees. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 + + + + + Liberia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/liberia + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Liberia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government signed a new hazardous work list, which identified specific occupations and tasks prohibited for children, including sugarcane cleaning and harvesting, rubber tapping, palm cutting, bush clearing, and harvesting cocoa.The government also almost doubledthe number of labor inspections it conducted from 556 in 2021 to 1,044 in 2022.Finally, the government design standard operating procedure to guide the operations of Liberia's child labor monitoring systems at the district level. However, children in Liberia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of rubber and the mining of gold and diamonds. Liberia has yet to accede to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child's Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict or the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. Moreover, social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem in the country. + + + Diamonds + Yes + No + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.304 + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.801 + + + 7-14 + 0.286 + + + 0.606 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + 25000 + 54 + No + Yes + 1044 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale + of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess + penalties for child labor violations. + + + Ensure that penalties for employing children + under the minimum age for work are stringent enough to deter violations. + + + Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all sectors in which children work. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate’s complaint and referral mechanism is adequately supported and operational. + + + Ensure adequate funding for child labor + enforcement agencies, such as the Ministry of Labor, the Liberia National Police, and the Women and Children Protection Section, and provide + necessary training for such officials to enforce child labor laws. + + + Disaggregate the child endangerment cases + prosecuted through the Ministry of Justice to determine the number of cases related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor, including the violations found and the penalties applied. + + + + + Ensure adequate funding for the National Commission on Child Labor's program + activities to address child labor. + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies, including the Anti-Human Trafficking Task Force, are implementing effective case referral mechanisms. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention + strategies into relevant policies. + + + Publish information about the activities taken + to implement policies that address child labor. + + + + + Collect and publish comprehensive research data to + determine child labor activities and to + inform policies and programs. + + + Improve access to education by subsidizing the + cost of school-related costs, and reduce barriers to education by building additional + schools, hire more rural school teachers, provide sufficient learning material, address the sexual abuse in schools, and providing adequate transportation. + + + Ensure that children do not leave school before the completion of compulsory education. + + + Expand existing social programs to address the scope + of the child labor problem, especially in forced domestic work, the production of + rubber, commercial sexual exploitation, and the mining of gold and diamonds. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Attaining Lasting Change + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Actions to Reduce Child Labor in Areas of Rubber Production + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/actions-reduce-child-labor-arch-areas-rubber-production + + + CYCLE - Countering Youth and Child Labor through Education in Sierra Leone and Liberia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_CYCLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Madagascar + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/madagascar + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Madagascar made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a new National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons and the Regional Committee in the Fight Against Child Labor of Fianarantsoa conducted field visits to markets, brickmaking sites, and stone quarries to monitor child labor and raise awareness among parents. In 2022, for the first time in several years, the Ministry of Labor also compiled reports from 11 of its regional offices on child labor related activities between 2019 and 2021, which identified 922 children working in various sectors. Finally, the government expanded daily school meals from roughly 1,200 to 2,209 public primary schools. Although Madagascar made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, the government failed to investigate reports of some officials accepting bribes to produce and issue false identity documents to facilitate commercial sexual exploitation of minors. Children in Madagascar are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the mica mining sector and in agriculture, including in the production of vanilla. Limited resources for the enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor, and Madagascar does not have a current national action plan for the elimination of child labor. + + + Mica + Yes + No + No + + + Sapphires + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + No + No + + + Vanilla + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.688 + + + 7-14 + 0.338 + + + 0.633 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 14600 + 187 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + No + Yes + 63 + 60 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 187 to 387 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 15.5 million people. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives adequate funding, including for transportation, to conduct inspections in rural areas and the informal sector. + + + Publish complete labor law enforcement information related to child labor, including the number and types of labor inspections conducted, the number of violations found, and penalties imposed and collected during the reporting year. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive adequate training on child labor in the informal sector and the 2018 updated hazardous work list. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, equipment, and transportation to address the worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement data on the number of convictions and if penalties were imposed for violations concerning the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal offenses related to the worst forms of child labor are investigated and prosecuted under the relevant laws. + + + Establish + a mechanism to receive child labor complaints. + + + + + Ensure + that theNational Council to Combat Child Labor and regional child labor committees received adequate funding to carry out their mandates. + + + + + Adopt a national policy to address child labor, including its worst forms. + + + + + Enhance + efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, + including those in rural communities, by removing informal fees; improving school infrastructure, feeding programs, staffing, and + transportation services; providing access to sanitation facilities and feminine hygiene products; promoting school attendance for pregnant girls and adolescent mothers; and increasing birth registration rates. + + + Expand + the scope of programs to address child labor in agriculture, domestic work, begging, mining, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Eliminating Child Labor in Mica-Producing Communities and Promoting Responsible Mica Sourcing in Madagascar and Globally + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labor-mica-producing-communities-and-promoting-responsible-mica + + + Supporting Sustainable and Child Labor Free Vanilla-Growing Communities in SAVA + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-sustainable-and-child-labor-free-vanilla-growing-communities-sava-savabe + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor in Madagascar + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Madagascar_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Madagascar – IPEC's Contribution to the National Action Plan to Eliminate Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Madagascar_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Madagascar Shines: Reducing Child Labor in Mica-Producing Communities in Madagascar + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/madagascar-shines- + reducing-child-labor-mica-producing-communities-madagascar + + + + + Malawi + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/malawi + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Malawi made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Criminal law enforcement officials increased the number of convictions related to the worst forms of child labor and participated in ten trainings on laws protecting children from child labor. In addition, Malawi's Ministry of Labor began piloting a Child Labor Monitoring System to enhance data collection, identification of working children through attendance data, and improved coordination within the tobacco sector. However, children in Malawi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in the harvesting of tobacco and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Minimum age laws do not meet international standards because protections do not extend to children working in private homes and on non-commercial farms. The government did not provide information on its criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor for inclusion in this report. Moreover, gaps continue to exist in labor law enforcement related to child labor, including insufficient financial resource allocation. + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.895 + + + 7-14 + 0.261 + + + 0.803 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 100000 + 165 + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + 3 + 3 + 3 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure + that all forms of children’s work, including work conducted by children in homes and non-commercial farms, receive legal + protection, including a minimum age for work that complies with international + standards. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 to 18 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Update + legal framework to explicitly criminalize the use of children by adults for criminal + activities. + + + + + Publish information on the number of worksite inspections and the number of identified child labor violations resulting from labor inspections, including imposed and collected penalties. + + + Increase human and material resources, such as vehicles, to the labor inspectorate to conduct regular labor inspections, particularly in the agricultural sector. + + + Ensure that child survivors of commercial sexual exploitation do not fall victim to sexual extortion and are not arrested or detained. + + + + + Standardize approaches for training and responding to child labor to strengthen coordination and case management among key stakeholders involved in the protection of children. + + + Ensure that the National Steering Committee on Child Labor is operating according to its mandates and publish information about its activities. + + + + + Integrate + child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education + Sector Plan and the National Youth Policy. + + + Ensure sufficient financial support and that activities are undertaken to implement national policies related to prevention and elimination of child labor, publishing results from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Take measures to address barriers to education, including by defraying auxiliary educational costs, improving school infrastructure, increasing the number of teachers, increasing schools and transportation resources serving rural areas, and instituting mechanisms to address sexual violence occurring within schools. + + + Increase + the scope of social programs to reach more children at risk of the + worst forms of child labor, and develop specific programs to target children in + domestic service and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that all children are registered at birth, and increase efforts to register children who are not issued birth certificates at birth. + + + Improve harmonization of child labor prevention and elimination measures into the National Social Cash Transfer Program to increase its effectiveness in preventing and removing children from child labor. + + + Develop social programs to support families and children transitioning from the tenancy system, including prevention of child labor. + + + Support targeted programs that expand educational opportunities for orphan-headed households and families affected by HIV-AIDs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Project of Support to the National Action Plan to Combat Child Labour in Malawi + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-support-national-action-plan-nap-combat-child-labour-malawi + + + Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor in Malawi + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Malawi_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations + + + + + Malaysia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/malaysia + Indo-Pacific + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Electronics + No + Yes + No + + + Garments + No + Yes + No + + + Oil + Yes + Yes + No + + + Rubber Gloves + No + Yes + No + + + + + Maldives + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/maldives + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Maldives made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government significantly increased the number of labor inspections from 124 inspections in 2021 to 656 in 2022. It also increased the budget for labor inspections and the number of labor inspectors from 23 to 32. Moreover, the government began conducting a baseline study on trafficking in persons throughout the country's atolls. However, children in Maldives are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, illicit activities, and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Information on children's work is limited because a national survey on child labor has not been conducted. Laws in Maldives also do not sufficiently prohibit commercial sexual exploitation because the use, procurement, and offering of a child for pornographic performances are not criminally prohibited. In addition, criminal enforcement agencies did not publish statistics on the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for violations related to child labor. + + + + 5-14 + 0.039 + 2364 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.795 + + + 7-14 + 0.04 + + + 0.917 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 116731 + 32 + Yes + Yes + 656 + 24 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 66 + 3 + 0 + Yes + N/A + + + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery. + + + Criminally prohibit all + forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, including procuring, offering, and using children for + pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law + criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state + armed groups. + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require the use of + force, fraud and coercion. + + + + + Provide sufficient funding + and training to the police, prosecutors, and other officials on the Prevention of Human Trafficking Act, and ensure that investigators have + the resources necessary, including transportation and adequate number of staff, to enforce laws on the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and judges receive training on the appropriate handling of child + labor, sex trafficking, and sexual abuse cases, as well as the proper application of the Prevention of Human + Trafficking Act to cases. + + + Ensure the Labor Relations Authority has institutional independence from the Ministry of Economic Development to fulfillits mandate and is not subject to influence from politicians. + + + Ensure government officials are investigated and, where appropriate, prosecuted for involvement in the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + + + Establishcoordinatingmechanismstoprevent and eliminateallworstformsofchildlabor. + + + + + Adopt a policy to address + all relevant forms of child labor and forced labor, including domestic work and drug trafficking. + + + Ensure that adequate standard operating procedures for victim identification and referral, as well as the provision of needed victim services, are developed and effectively implemented. + + + + + Conduct and publish + a national child labor survey that includes both Maldivian and migrant children. + + + Publish information about + activities undertaken to implement social programs, including the Child Helpline and Family and Children's Service Centers. + + + Implement and provide + sufficient resources for programs that address the worst forms of child labor, + including commercial sexual exploitation of children, use of children + for drug trafficking, and forced labor in domestic work. + + + Provide sufficient funding, human resources, and staff training for Family and Child Service Centers and shelters that serve abused and exploited children. + + + Support educational attainment for boys and improve access to secondary education, particularly for girls, by ensuring adequate resources, secondary schools, and number of teachers, including for students with disabilities. + + + Ensure that adequate victim referral mechanisms, including the National Victim Support Hotline, are established, operational, and sufficiently staffed. + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Mali + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mali + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Mali made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government recruited an additional three labor inspectors. However, despite this initiative to address child labor, Mali is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continues to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The government used children in its armed forces during the reporting period in violation of national law. Children in Mali are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in the production of cotton and rice, and in artisanal gold mining. Although Mali's 2012 Trafficking in Persons Law criminalizes trafficking for the purpose of slavery, it does not more broadly criminalize the act of slavery. Malian law also does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering of children for illicit activities, and allows children under the age of 18 to be penalized for acts they were forced to commit as a direct result of being recruited and used by armed groups. In addition, Mali lacks a national action plan to address all worst forms of child labor that exist in the country, and social and rehabilitation services remain inadequate for child labor victims. + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + 0.304 + 1891233 + 0.969 + 0.006 + 0.025 + + + 5-14 + 0.501 + + + 7-14 + 0.191 + + + 0.496 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 17250 + 116 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Criminally prohibit the use, procurement, or + offering of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs, in accordance with international standards. + + + Ensure + that the Labor Code establishes + a minimum age no younger than age 13 for light work and specifies the + conditions under which light work may be undertaken, in accordance with international standards. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits hereditary slavery. + + + Criminally + prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups for use in any armed conflict. + + + Revise the Interministerial Circular on the Prevention, Protection, and Rehabilitation of Child Soldiers to include the specific ages of children covered by the circular, while ensuring these ages are in compliance with international standards. Ensure that children under age 18 are not penalized for acts committed as a result of being forcibly recruited into armed groups or used in armed conflict. + + + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including whether refresher courses were provided to labor inspectors and the number of child labor violations found. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 116 to 162 to ensure adequate coverage of approximately 6.5 million workers. + + + Ensure + that perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor are prosecuted and convicted in accordance with the law. + + + Implement the provisions of the Interministerial + Circular and the UN-signed Protocol, which require that children in detention + for their association with armed groups be transferred to social services or to UN child protection agencies for appropriate + reintegration and social protection services. + + + Ensure that government officials are held accountable for interference in legal cases related to crimes concerning the worst forms of child labor, including in cases of slavery and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. + + + Increase labor inspectorate funding and resources, including training, equipment, and transportation to carry out inspections, especially in remote areas of northern Mali. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement, including whether new criminal investigators received initial training, whether refresher courses were provided, as well as the number of investigations, violations found, and prosecutions initiated, and whether penalties for violations of the worst forms of child labor were imposed. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement efforts related to child labor are properly funded and resourced. + + + Ensure that children are not imprisoned for their association with armed groups, and that children under 18 years are not recruited into or used in the the national armed forces, in compliance with national law. Demobilize any child currently serving in the national armed forces and provide all appropriate social services. + + + Collect child labor statistics regularly, and create a database to track data on the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Clarify roles for theNational Unit to Fight Against Child Labor (CNLTE) and the National Coordinating Committee for the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons and Associated Practices coordinating mechanisms addressing child labor, and improve coordination among relevant agencies. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Adopt a national policy that addresses all forms of child labor that are prevalent in Mali, such as a national plan to eliminate child labor. + + + + + Eliminate barriers to and make + education accessible for all children, including girls and those living in + conflict-affected areas, by removing school-related fees, expanding school infrastructure, increasing teacher availability, providing free school supplies, and + taking measures to ensure the safety of children and teachers in schools. + + + Ensure that government social services have + sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for survivors of the worst forms of child labor, including for children subjected to forced begging and children used in armed conflict. + + + Increase birth registration rates to ensure that + children have access to social services, including education. + + + Institute new programs to address child labor in all relevant sectors, including domestic work, forced begging, + and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Expand the Child Travel Card program, which provides identification to Malian children when they are traveling within and outside of the country, to also provide identification to foreign citizen children. + + + Revive and undertake activities to implement social programs to address child labor and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + West Africa Regional Mining + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Other: External Audits of USDOL Funded Projects + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_RoundV_IPEC_FY08_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 + + + Support for the Preparation of the Mali Timebound Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mali_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + A Better Future for Mali's Children: Combating Child Trafficking Through Education in Mali + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mali_Trafficking_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Mauritania + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mauritania + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Policy and Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Mauritania made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In February 2023, the government created the Instance Nationale, an organization mandated to combat hereditary slavery and human trafficking by coordinating cross-government efforts, cooperating with international partners, providing assistance to victims, maintaining a database of trafficking cases, and working with civil society organizations. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mauritania is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a policy and a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Although there were indications of progress, criminal law enforcement authorities did not make adequate efforts to address slavery and its vestiges during the reporting period. In addition, since 2011, the government has required proof of marriage and biological parents’ citizenship for children to obtain a birth certificate. As a result, children born out of wedlock and many Haratine and sub-Saharan ethnic minority children, including those of slave descent, have been prevented from being registered at birth. Because birth certificates are required for enrollment in secondary school in Mauritania, children as young as age 12 cannot access education, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Mauritania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in indentured and hereditary slavery. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. In 2022, the government did not make sufficient efforts to enforce some of its laws related to child labor, including laws on hereditary slavery. Furthermore, social programs to address child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem, and the government did not publish comprehensive information about its labor law enforcement efforts. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Goats + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.683 + + + 7-14 + 0.158 + + + 0.729 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + 33300 + 128 + Yes + No + 795 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + 4 + 6 + None + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law's light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be permitted. + + + Raise the compulsory education age from 14 to 16 to align with the minimum age for work. + + + Accede + to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + + + Increase training and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, + including the Anti-Slavery Courts, to adequately enforce labor laws, + especially in remote areas and in the informal sector. + + + Increase efforts to + ensure that cases of the + worst forms of child labor, including hereditary slavery and forced begging, + are investigated and prosecuted in accordance with the law. + + + Publish complete information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor law violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, and whether routine inspections were targeted. + + + Increase collaboration and coordination between labor and criminal law enforcement + agencies. + + + Ensure that judicial sector officials have the proper training and awareness of slavery issues, and that they do not improperly dismiss or fail to refer appropriate cases to the Anti-Slavery Courts. + + + Ensure that data on law enforcement efforts to address child labor crimes are collected and published each year. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that key policies related to child labor receive sufficient resources, including funds, for effective implementation. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Increase funding dedicated to improving school infrastructure and teacher availability, especially in rural areas, to eliminate barriers to and make education accessible for all children, including those from families of slave descent and refugees. + + + Ensure that all + children are able to obtain birth certificates to increase their access to + secondary education and reduce their vulnerability to child + labor. + + + Expand the scope of + programs to address child labor, including in agriculture, herding, domestic work, and hereditary and + indentured slavery. + + + Implement a + continuous awareness-raising program for government officials on the laws + related to slavery and child labor. + + + Conduct research and + collect data on slavery to inform the development of effective policies and programs to + identify and protect children who are at risk. + + + Increase funding for + social programs that provide services to formerly enslaved persons. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 + + + + + Mauritius + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mauritius + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Mauritius made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In January 2022, the government enacted three laws, the Children's Act 2020, the Children's Court Act 2020, and the Child Sex Offenders Register Act 2020, aimed at reinforcing the legal framework on the protection of children. The three laws intended to harmonize Mauritius' domestic laws with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The government also increased its number of labor inspectors from 109 in 2021 to 164 in 2022 and formally approved a National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking, with support from the International Organization of Migration. However, children in Mauritius are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, including selling drugs. Children also engage in child labor in construction and street work. Barriers to education access, including conditions created by the COVID-19 pandemic and rising inflation, place children in Mauritius at greater risk of child labor. In addition, gaps remain in the implementation of key policies and social programs related to child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.964 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A*† + + No + N/A*† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 2347852 + 164 + Yes + Yes + 7024 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 3 + 0 + 0 + Yes + N/A + + + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into + non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law's light work provisions limit the number of hours for light work. + + + + + Increase + the amount of training, human resources, and funding for agencies responsible + for enforcing criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Allow labor inspectors to conduct unannounced inspections on private properties and throughout the informal sector. + + + Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all sectors in which children work. + + + + + Ensure that coordination mechanisms to address the worst forms of child labor share information and policy-making decisions, improve coordination, and prevent overlap. + + + Ensure that a coordinating body exists that comprehensively addresses child labor. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and are able to carry out their + intended mandates. + + + + + Adopt + a policy that addresses the worst forms of child labor, including commercial + sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period + + + + + Collect and publish data + on the extent and nature of child labor in Mauritius to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure + that all children, including those with disabilities, have equal access to education. + + + Ensure + that child survivors of commercial sexual exploitation have access to comprehensive and + quality social services and standards of care. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Eradication of Absolute Poverty Program during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Evidence to Action: Increasing the Impact of Research to Mobilize Efforts against Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/evidence-action-increasing-impact-research-mobilize-efforts-against-forced-labor + + + + + Mexico + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mexico + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Mexico made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government expanded various mechanisms to address child labor, such as by increasing the number of municipal-level bodies that are part of the the National Network of Local Inter-Institutional Commissions for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Adolescent Workers of Permitted Age in Mexico. It also approved the ratification of the International Labor Organization Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention (1930). In addition, the Benito Juárez Wellbeing National Scholarship Program reached 1.2 million more students in 2022 than in 2021. However, children in Mexico are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of chile peppers, coffee, sugarcane, and tomatoes. Although nearly 55 percent of all employment in Mexico occurs in the informal sector, federal and some state-level labor inspectors carry out inspections in that sector only after receiving formal complaints. Further, the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare does not have an internal system to track cases of child labor violations. Additionally, the 529 labor inspectors in the country are likely insufficient to cover the country's more than 57 million workers. Criminal law enforcement agencies responsible for conducting investigations into cases of the worst forms of child labor lacked human and financial resources to operate effectively against crime and the existing culture of impunity for perpetrators. Finally, the government published only limited information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts to address child labor. + + + Beans + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Chile Peppers + Yes + Yes + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Cucumbers + Yes + No + No + + + Eggplants + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + No + No + + + Leather Goods/Accessories + Yes + No + No + + + Melons + Yes + No + No + + + Onions + Yes + No + No + + + Poppies + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Tomatoes + Yes + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.04 + 866293 + 0.303 + 0.161 + 0.536 + + + 5-14 + 0.975 + + + 7-14 + 0.044 + + + 1.027 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 1658234 + 529 + Yes + Yes + 38337 + 0 + 0 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 74 + 27 + 25 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work of 15 to 18 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that the STPS develops and publishes updated regulations on permitted agricultural activities for children between the ages of 15 and 17 that conform to international standards and prioritize children's wellbeing. + + + + + Ensure that the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare at the federal and the state-level Secretariats of Labor conduct targeted routine and unannounced labor inspections in all sectors, including in the informal sector and in rural areas. + + + Improve cooperation and information sharing between federal and state-level labor inspectorates. + + + Publish information at the federal and state level on the number of child labor violations identified, as well as the number of fines for child labor violations that were collected. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 529 to about 3,835 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 57.5 million people. + + + Create a case tracking system equipping the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare to identify disaggregated data for cases of child labor violations. + + + Increase training for enforcement officials and prosecutors on territorial jurisdictions and on how to perform prosecutorial and police investigative functions. In addition, train prosecutors and judges on prosecuting human trafficking crimes. + + + Expand access to trainings for federal and state-level labor inspectors on child labor protocols and ensure protocol guidelines related to identifying and sanctioning child labor violations are followed. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to conduct investigations and prosecutions related to alleged child labor crimes and to provide services to survivors. + + + Increase coordination and data sharing among government ministries to ensure adequate criminal prosecutions of suspected perpetrators of child labor crimes. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their mandates. + + + + + Adopt policies that address all worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking, the use of children in commercial sexual exploitation, and the use of children in illicit activities. + + + + + Expand access to education by increasing school infrastructure, providing education materials and instruction in native languages, and expanding internet access. + + + Ensure that the Benito Juárez Wellbeing Scholarship Program provides sufficient cash transfers to vulnerable students, while also receiving regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure effective implementation. + + + Expand social protection programs throughout the country for victims of child labor in all relevant sectors, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities. + + + Remove children from organized criminal groups and ensure that they are provided with adequate social services. + + + Ensure that unaccompanied migrant children are placed in child protection centers instead of detention centers and receive access to education. + + + Make certain that government agencies assisting children -- including indigenous, migrant and refugee children -- effectively coordinate and fund social programs to increase their access to education and reduce their risk for child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project + + + Improving Workers' Occupational Safety and Health in Selected Supply Chains in Mexico - A Vision Zero Fund + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/improving-workers-occupational-safety-and-health-selected-supply-chains-mexico-vision + + + Equal Accesss to Quality Jobs for Women and Girls + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/equal-equal-access-quality-jobs-women-and-girls-mexico + + + Senderos: Sembrando Derechos, Cosechando Mejores Futuros + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/senderos-sembrando-derechos-cosechando-mejores-futuros + + + Campos de Esperanza + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/campos-de-esperanza-fields-hope + + + "Stop Child Labor in Agriculture:" Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Mexico in the Agricultural Sector, with Special Focus on Migrant Indigenous Children + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/stop-child-labor-agriculture-contribution-prevention-and-elimination-child-labor + + + Support for the Prevention and Elimination of the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and the Protection of CSEC Victims in Mexico + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mexico_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Una Cosecha Justa: Project to Reduce Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Other Forms of Labor Exploitation in the Chile Pepper and Tomato Sectors in Mexico + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/una-cosecha-justa-project-reduce-child-labor-forced-labor-and-other-forms-labor + + + Sustentar: Project to Build and Strengthen Sustainability Systems in the Tomato and Chile Sectors in Mexico + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/sustentar-project- + build-and-strengthen-sustainability-systems-tomato-and-chile + + + Building a Comprehensive Government of Mexico Approach to Combating Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-comprehensive- + government-mexico-approach-combating-child-labor-and-forced + + + + + Moldova + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/moldova + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Moldova made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. On December 22, 2022, Moldova's Parliament passed a law which newly empowers the State Labor Inspectorate to conduct unannounced visits to worksites known or suspected to use undeclared work or labor exploitation. Although new legislation reduced the number of labor inspectors which can be hired to the State Labor Inspectorate, funding for the inspectorate increased and the reduced number of positions is intended to increase inspector salaries and retention. Moldova also reactivated the National Council on the Protection of the Rights of Children, enacted a new National Program for Child Protection, and signed a joint order between three ministries approving new child welfare observation and assessment reports and an action planning report for primary prevention of child welfare risks. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, Moldova does not meet the international standard for minimum age for work because the Labor Code's minimum age provisions do not apply to all children working in the informal sector. Children in Moldova are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Child labor-specific training is needed for labor inspectors, and entities responsible for conducting labor inspections, including of hazardous child labor, lack adequate funding, personnel, and equipment. In addition, there is a lack of social programs to address child trafficking and child labor in agriculture. + + + + 5-14 + 0.243 + 102105 + 0.973 + 0.006 + 0.022 + + + 5-14 + 0.921 + + + 7-14 + 0.29 + + + 1.039 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 1050000 + 66 + Yes + Yes + 1600 + 18 + 6 + 5 + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 22 + 26 + 3 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise + the minimum age for work from 16 to 18 to align with the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure that labor legislation covers children working in the informal sector. + + + Ensure that the law's light work provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + + + + + Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers for onsite inspections and conducting unannounced inspections. + + + Increase funding for the State Labor Inspectorate and the CCTIP to ensure that they provide inspectors and investigators with the resources necessary to inspect for child labor. + + + Ensure that judicial authorities and investigators, including police + officers and CCTIP investigators, receive training on laws and + investigative techniques related to the worst forms of child labor, especially + for online child pornography and children left behind without parental care. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are empowered to identify and assess penalties for child labor violations detected during inspections, even if the inspection was not conducted in response to a child labor complaint. + + + Pursue prosecution of the worst forms of child labor under the appropriate statutes and maintain protection for survivors who commit crimes as a result of their exploitation. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive training specific to child labor. + + + + + Improve cooperation between social protection, health, and law enforcement with regard to providing assistance and reintegration services to child survivors of labor exploitation and trafficking in persons. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Institute targeted support programs that + eliminate discrimination and violence against Roma children and promote equal + access to education. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and + nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including for the + separatist region of Transnistria. + + + Ensure sufficient support for child trafficking + survivors and children working in agriculture. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education by removing informal fees for school supplies, including textbooks. + + + Provide adequate resources for schools in rural and poorer communities, as well as those serving children with disabilities. + + + Implement oversight of state residential children's institutions to prevent exploitation of children by management. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking of Women in Moldova + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Moldova_Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Mongolia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mongolia + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Mongolia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Mongolia's revised Labor Law went into effect on January 1, 2022 and includes a formal prohibition of child labor exploitation and sets the minimum age for work at age 15. The National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia also published a qualitative study on child labor with support from the International Labor Organization. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mongolia is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it implemented a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Research indicates that Mongolia lacks a functioning labor inspectorate for the enforcement of labor laws and regulations as it dissolved its labor inspectorate in November 2022. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Mongolia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in horse jockeying andmining, including for coal, fluorspar, and gold.Lastly, due to a lack of training and formalized screening procedures, criminal law enforcement officials sometimes detain child victims of prostitution rather than referring them to social services. + + + Coal + Yes + No + No + + + Fluorspar + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.948 + + + 7-14 + 0.126 + + + 0.977 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 86 + Yes + Yes + 39 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law + criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed + groups. + + + Ensure that laws + adequately prohibit children under age 18from horse racing at all times of the year. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that laws or regulations list light work activities that can be undertaken by children working between age 13 and 15. + + + + + Publish criminal law enforcement data, including the number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and if penalties are imposed for violations relating to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Provide trainings for police officers and government officials on criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor to ensure that cases of commercial sexual exploitation—especially those involving boy victims—are prosecuted fully and under the appropriate articles of law, and close legal loopholes that permit the early release of convicted traffickers. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive training on new laws related to child labor. + + + Ensure that the procedural checklists used to identify human trafficking victims are used consistently. + + + Ensure + that child trafficking victims are not fined, arrested, detained, or charged + with crimes and administrative offenses as a result of having been subjected to + human trafficking. + + + Allow anti-trafficking police and prosecutors to work with one another and ensure that evidence related to human trafficking cases is collected to support investigations. + + + Increase + training for officials on the Child Protection Law to ensure + perpetrators of child labor are prosecuted. + + + Establish a functioning labor inspectorate for the enforcement + of labor laws and regulations. + + + Provide adequate funding for law enforcement agencies. + + + Establish a functional, formalized mechanism for referrals between enforcement authorities and social services. + + + Formalize screening procedures and increase training for officials on the Law on Petty Offenses to ensure police discontinue the practice of detaining child victims for the unlawful acts they were forced to commit. + + + Strengthen the inspectionsystem by conducting unannouncedinspections. + + + + + Create formal guidelines and referral procedures for theMultidisciplinary Task Force. + + + + + Implement a policy to address child labor in all its forms. + + + + + Increase the number of schools to help eliminate overcrowding, increase the number of trained teachers, ensure that appropriate technology is available to all students, and provide infrastructure to allow full accessibility options for children with disabilities. + + + Increase the length of stay available for children in shelter homes. + + + Ensure that all government-run and -funded shelter homes separate children from adults, are provided proper oversight so children are protected from sexual abuse, and are accessible to children with disabilities. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem and ensure theyare sufficiently funded and staffed. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Support to the Proposed National Sub-Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Mongolia: Time-Bound Measures + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mongolia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Mongolia, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/national-program-prevention-and-elimination-child-labor-mongolia-phases-1-2 + + + + + Montenegro + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/montenegro + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Montenegro made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Montenegro continued to support the work of the Council for the Rights of the Child, and also increased cash benefit payments to families with children at risk for child labor. Additionally, the government allocated funding for the construction of the country's first shelter dedicated to children who are survivors of human trafficking. However, children in Montenegro are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. In addition, research found that the scope of programs to address child labor in street work is insufficient. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.916 + + + 7-14 + 0.199 + + + 1.038 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 44 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 5 + 4 + 0 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Consistently + track and publish information about children involved in the worst forms of + child labor. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period and that data on these activities are published. + + + + + Make + additional efforts to bolster birth registration for children from the Ashkali, Balkan Egyptian, and Roma + communities. + + + Build + the capacity of schools and other services and programs to accommodate and + provide support for children with disabilities. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope + of the child labor problem, especially in street work and forced begging. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + + + Montserrat + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/montserrat + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Montserrat, in 2022, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. Montserrat also continued to implement a law that delays advancement to prevent the worst forms of child labor.Labor inspectors do not have the authority to conduct unannounced inspections, as they must obtain either the business owner's consent or a search warrant in order to enter a business for the purposes of performing an inspection. The lack of unannounced inspections may leave potential violations of child labor laws and other labor abuses undetected in workplaces. In addition, the Labor Code allows children as young as age 14 to engage in light work; however, Montserrat does not have a list of activities that constitute light work, nor does it specify the conditions under which light work may be undertaken or limit the number of hours for light work. Additionally, the government has not determined by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children norcriminally prohibited the use of children for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + + + 0.968 + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.199 + + + + No + No + No + No + No + No + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + + + Determine the types of + hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and + workers' organizations. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ratify ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the + activities/conditions in which light work may be + undertaken by children as young as 14 and limit thenumber of hours for light work. + + + Ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate is authorized to conduct unannounced inspections. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + Morocco + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/morocco + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Morocco made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government convicted five civil servants on charges related to child commercial sexual exploitation or forced labor. It drafted a national strategy against human trafficking that includes efforts to better identify victims and improve victim services. It also developed a guide for use by a wide variety of government ministries to aid in the identification of trafficking victims and conducted trainings to inform the development of a referral mechanism for victim services. A national anti-trafficking strategy was enacted in March 2023, which includes the enhanced referral mechanisms for victims of trafficking needing social services. Additionally, the government increased the number of labor inspectors by over 23 percent. However, children in Morocco are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced domestic work. Moroccan law on the minimum age for work does not meet international standards, as children 15 years of age and under are not protected when working in traditional artisan and handicraft sectors. Furthermore, the scope of government social programs that target child labor is insufficient. For example, current programs do not fully address children exploited through domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + 10-14 + 0.045 + 150178 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 6-14 + 0.829 + + + 10-14 + 0.007 + + + 1.077 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 750000 + 500 + Yes + Yes + 29068 + 522 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that all children age 15 and under are protected by law, including children who work in the traditional artisan and handicraft sectors for family businesses. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 500 to 819 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 12.3 million people. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including penalties imposed and collected for violations of the worst forms of child labor. When publishing information on the funding for the labor inspectorate, all funding including the salaries of the inspectors should be reported. + + + Reduce administrative burdens and streamline child labor enforcement procedures among government agencies. + + + Impose penalties whenever child labor violations are found. + + + Publish information on criminal enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations, prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Strengthen referral mechanisms between labor law enforcement authorities and social services to ensure effective coordination on cases of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure + that the labor inspectorate is made up of public servants rather than + contractors to avoid complications related to the training and authority of these inspectors. + + + + + Ensure coordinating mechanisms are working to eliminate all + worst forms of child labor byreporting on child labor efforts through existing coordinating bodies for children or trafficking in persons or creating a coordinating body that has a child labor reduction focus. + + + Publish descriptions of activities to reduce child labor through existing coordinating body to address child protection. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure programs address barriers to education such as the cost of school supplies, poor facilities, transportation issues, and lack of documentation. + + + Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, including in forced domestic work and rural areas where child labor is more likely to go undetected. + + + Collect and publish information on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in agriculture, industry, and services. + + + + + No + No + No + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Project Pathways: Reducing Child Labor Through Viable Paths in Education and Decent Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-pathways-reducing-child-labor-through-viable-paths-education-and-decent-work + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Morocco + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_DIMAADROS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Morocco by Creating an Enabling National Environment and Developing Direct Action against Worst Forms of Child Labor in Rural Areas + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_IPEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + ADROS: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Morocco + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_ADROS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Mozambique + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mozambique + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Mozambique made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In April of 2022, the government convened its first annual National Conference on the Elimination of Child Labor, and subsequently held eight province-level conferences on child labor and trafficking. Additionally, it held awareness campaigns about child labor and child labor trafficking in informal markets, schools, religious sites and communities in all provinces. Furthermore, the government trained judicial officials on the worst forms of child labor prevention framework, as well as several other trainings for border officials on child labor and trafficking in persons. Children engage in dangerous tasks in the production of tobacco. In addition, the established minimum age for work is not in compliance with international labor standards because it does not extend to informal employment. Lastly, existing social programs are insufficient to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in Mozambique. + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.225 + 1526560 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.695 + + + 7-14 + 0.224 + + + 0.582 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 156 + Yes + Yes + 7647 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 2 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that + all children are protected under the law, including children working outside of + formal employment relationships. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for light work is in compliance with international labor standards. + + + + + Publish all data on labor law enforcement efforts, including the labor inspectorate’s funding, whether target and unannounced inspections were carried out. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 156 to 365 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 14.6 million people. + + + Provide labor + inspectors with adequate financial resources, including vehicles and fuel, to ensure their capacity to enforce child labor laws. + + + Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, such as the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured, and whether penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor were imposed. + + + + + Ensure responsibilities between the Multisectoral Group and the Reference Group are clear, and strengthen coordination between the two agencies. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor and the 2020–2024 Five Year Plan during the reporting period. + + + Finalize and fully implement the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Take measures to + ensure that all children have access to education by providing supplies, uniforms, and an adequate number of schools, classroom space, and trained teachers; address barriers for children from rural areas; take preventative steps to protect + children from physical and sexual abuse in schools. + + + Publish the results of + the Integrated Household Survey and use the findings to inform + policies and programs. + + + Institute programs to + address child labor in domestic work, and expand existing programs to address + the full scope of the child labor problem. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Memorandum of Understand to Combat Child Labor in Tobacco Growing. + + + Ensure that the government publishes yearly data on child labor and the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that children in displaced communities have access to schools. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Reducing Exploitive Child Labor in Mozambique + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mozambique_RECLAIM_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Namibia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/namibia + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Namibia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In March, the government launched the Social Protection Policy to provide a framework to strengthen existing protection mechanisms, including the Child Disability Grant and the Orphans and Vulnerable Children Grant, both of which provide monthly supplemental payments to children vulnerable to child labor. However, children in Namibia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in agricultural work, domestic work, and street work. Prevention and elimination of child labor are not integrated into key national policies, and social programs do not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. The government also did not publish data on labor law or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.097 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ensure that Namibia's light work framework prescribes the number of hours children ages 14 to 18 may work. + + + + + Raise the compulsory education age from 14 to 18 to match the minimum age for work. + + + Establish a compulsory education age through lower secondary school. + + + + + Ensure that all Gender-Based Violence Protection Units have adequate resources, including consistent funding, to operate according to their intended mandates. + + + Ensure that training is provided to criminal law enforcement investigators on laws related to child labor, including training for new investigators. + + + Employ at least 64 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force. + + + Establish a mechanism to compile and publish comprehensive statistics related to labor and criminal law enforcement, including convictions for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish information on the Ministry of Labor, Industrial Relations and Employment Creation's SMS hotline, including the number of child labor complaints reported through the mechanism. + + + Publish information on criminal and labor law enforcement efforts undertaken during the reporting period, including labor inspectorate funding; number of labor inspectors; training for labor inspectors and criminal investigators; number and types of labor inspections conducted; child labor violations found; child labor-related penalties imposed and collected; number of criminal investigations; prosecutions initiated; number of convictions; and information about reciprocal referral mechanisms. + + + Ensure that training is provided to labor inspectors, including training of new inspectors and refresher courses. + + + Ensure clear procedures at the Ministry of International Relations and Cooperation for receiving, consolidating, and preparing data submitted by stakeholders and publish data stratified by source to ensure information transparency. + + + Publish activities undertaken by the agencies responsible for child labor law enforcement to address child labor, including the Ministry of Labor, Industrial Relations and Employment Creation; The Ministry of Justice; The Ministry of Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication and Social Welfare's Directorate of Child Care and Protection; and the Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety, and Security and ensure these agencies are able to carry out their specified mandates. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies are sufficiently funded and resourced in order to adequately address online sexual exploitation and abuse of children, as well as other worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Child Labor is funded, fully active, and able to carry out its intended mandate of coordinating policies and efforts to prevent and eliminate child labor. + + + Improve ministries' effectiveness in addressing child labor by establishing a framework for communication between government ministries and civil society for prompt referral of cases. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention + strategies as well as other worst forms of child labor into key national policies, including the National Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the National Agenda for Children and the National Development Plan and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in all sectors it is known to occur, including fishing, to inform policies and programs. + + + Institute programs or expand existing programs to address child labor in agriculture and + domestic work. + + + Enhance efforts to make education accessible and affordable for all children, particularly in rural areas; including by expanding social support to orphaned children, reducing long travel distances to schools or improve transportation to schools, increasing the number of qualified teachers, and addressing the needs of students with disabilities and special learning needs. + + + Expand opportunities for birth registration and national documentation for all children, including children of nomadic and migrant communities, to improve access to education and social programs. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the Decent Work Country Program and the government-run shelters for victims of exploitation during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor , Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf + + + + + Nepal + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nepal + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Nepal made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government announced the liberation of the Haruwa-Charuwa agricultural bonded laborers, estimated to be over 120,000 adults and children in forced labor. The Ministry of Labor increased the funding to its inspectorate from $5,710 to $15,720 and increased the number of inspections conducted from 1,830 to 2,544. In addition, the Nepal Child Rights Council provided protection assistance to 11,696 children across 47 districts through 417 children homes. However, children in Nepal are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in producing bricks. Nepal's law related to child trafficking is insufficient because it does not clearly criminalize recruitment, harboring, receipt, or transportation in the absence of force, fraud, or coercion, and the law prohibiting the use of children in illicit activities is insufficient because it does not prohibit the use of children in the production of drugs. The Department of Labor’s budget, the number of labor inspectors, and available resources and training for inspectors are also insufficient for enforcing labor laws, including those related to child labor. Furthermore, the government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Carpets + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Embellished Textiles + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Stones + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + 0.204 + 1093497 + 0.548 + 0.102 + 0.35 + + + 5-14 + 0.93 + + + 7-14 + 0.22 + + + 1.036 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + No + 17 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + 15720 + 11 + Yes + Yes + 2544 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + N/A + + + + + In line with ILO Convention 182, raise the minimum age for entry into + hazardous work to 18 years old. + + + Ensure + that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive and + include sectors in which there is evidence of child labor, including brickmaking, breaking stones, and weaving carpets. + + + Ensure + that the legal framework comprehensively and criminally prohibits the human trafficking + of children without requiring proof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. + + + Ensure that the law criminally + prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including the production of drugs. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally penalizes the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + + + Initiate routine targeted inspections in all sectors, including the informal sector, and increase the number of unannounced inspections rather than performing + inspections solely based on complaints received. + + + Ensure that the Department of Labor’s budget and human resources is sufficient to adequately enforce child + labor laws. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 11 to 218 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 8.7 million people. + + + Publish data on criminal law enforcement actions, including training for criminal investigators and the number of investigations into, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for child labor crimes. + + + Increase + penalties to ensure sufficient deterrence of child labor law violations. + + + Expand child labor enforcement and inspections to the informal sector, including small factories that employ less than 10 workers. + + + Create and utilize a centralized database to track and monitor cases of child labor, disaggregated by type of activity and gender, including labor court data related to child labor. + + + Ensure that the criminal and labor law provisions against child labor are meaningfully enforced against perpetrators, and cases are resolved through prosecution, where appropriate, rather than negotiations and minor fines. + + + Provide training to labor inspectors on laws related to child labor, including its worst forms, on an annual basis. + + + Investigate, prosecute, and, where appropriate, convict and sentences perpetrators of bonded labor. + + + Ensure the government investigates and prosecutes cases of human trafficking, provides a victim-centered approach to meeting the needs of trafficking survivors, and provides adequate funding to the Anti-Human Trafficking Bureau. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that the implementation of services under the new federalist system, including a new policy framework to address child labor abuses, is carried out. + + + + + Eliminate + barriers to education for children with disabilities and refugee children and address barriers related tolack of sanitation facilities at schools, long distances to schools, fees + associated with schooling, pressure to find work, migration to work outside of Nepal, and issues with drugs and alcohol. + + + Create social programs that support all victims of commercial sexual exploitation and children working in the brick industry. + + + Conduct research to determine the types of work activities carried out by children, including in the construction sector, to inform social policies and programs. + + + Ensure that survivors calling the national helpline receive timely support and intervention. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 + + + Sakriya + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/sakriya + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-3 + + + Nayo Bato Naya Paila + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/nayo-bato-naya-paila-new-path-new-steps + + + Sustainable Elimination of Child Bonded Labor in Nepal - Phase 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BondedLabor_PhII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Brighter Futures Program: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Nepal, Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BrighterFutures_PhII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Brighter Futures Program: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Nepal, Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BrighterFutures_PhI_feval_sum_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Nepal- the IPEC Core TBP Project + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Sustainable Elimination of Bonded Labor in Nepal + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BondedLabor_PhI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Setting National Strategies for the Elimination of Girls' Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Nepal + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Catalyzing Civil Society to Accelerate Progress Against Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/catalyzing-civil-society- + accelerate-progress-against-child-labor-catalyst + + + + + Nicaragua + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nicaragua + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + No Advancement + In 2022, Nicaragua made no advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Gravel + Yes + No + No + + + Shellfish + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 10-14 + 0.477 + 342076 + 0.535 + 0.087 + 0.378 + + + 10-14 + 0.883 + + + 10-14 + 0.403 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + + 1295677 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure + that the law is consistent and provides a compulsory education age that is not + less than the minimum age for work of 14 years. + + + + + Employ at least 215 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of approximately 3.2 million people. + + + Publish labor law enforcement information on the number of inspections conducted at worksites, and on the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement + efforts are sufficient to address the scope of the problem and that agencies have the funding and resources necessary to carry out their duties. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor has sufficient funding to enforce labor laws adequately, including those related to child labor, and that resource needs are met. + + + Establish an adequate mechanism for identifying human trafficking victims, particularly children, among high-risk populations. + + + Ensure that all criminal investigators receive training and refresher courses. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement information on efforts related to the worst forms of child labor to allow for the verification of the information. + + + + + Ensure that the government has a specific and + consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor, including + with NGOs, and to publicly report on these efforts. + + + Ensure + that the National Coalition Against Trafficking in Persons works with relevant local stakeholders to address human + trafficking issues, and ensure that it establishes a person in the position of Executive Secretariat, as + mandated by the Law Against Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the key policies related to child labor and that data on these activities to address child labor are published during the reporting period. + + + + + Expand birth registration programs to ensure that children havethe necessary documentation required for access to basic services. + + + Remove barriers to education, such as transportation and the cost associated with school supplies, for all children, particularly those from poor backgrounds and rural areas; improve school infrastructure and access to learning materials. + + + Implement social programs that address the full scope of the worst forms of child labor in the country, including commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Develop social services for human trafficking survivors, such as shelters and specialized services, and ensure that services are available throughout the country, especially in areas where children are most vulnerable. + + + Collect and publish updated data on the prevalence of child labor in the country. + + + Ensure that social programs are adequately funded and implemented, and that they report on their yearly efforts. + + + Ensure that civil society organizations and NGOs are able to carry out their work freely and independently. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Nicaragua, "Enterate" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nicaragua_ENTERATE_0.pdf + + + Elimination of Child Labor at la Chureca Garbage Dump Yard in Managua + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/elimination-child-labor-la-chureca-garbage-dump-yard-managua + + + Combating Child Labor in the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in the Farming and Stockbreeding Sectors in Nicaragua + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nicaragua_Grains_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Niger + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/niger + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Niger made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the governmentcreated an interministerial committee to combat forced begging and held a workshop to revise the National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor. However, children in Niger are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and mining, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks herding livestock. The minimum age for work does not meet international standards because it does not apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. In addition, the government made no efforts to address the ongoing practice of wahaya, a form of child slavery that was upheld as illegal by a Nigerien court in 2019. Lastly, gaps in labor law enforcement also remain, including insufficient funding for labor inspectors to conduct inspections. + + + Cattle + No + Yes + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Gypsum + Yes + No + No + + + Salt + Yes + No + No + + + Trona + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.429 + 2516191 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + 0.48 + + + 7-14 + 0.221 + + + 0.512 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + + 90000 + 60 + Yes + No + 117 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Establish + a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age for work of 14 years. + + + Ensure that the law’s minimum age for work provisions and + protections apply to self-employed children and those in unpaid or + non-contractual work. + + + + + Increase resources, including funding and training available to enforcement agencies, the number of labor inspectors from 60 to 246 to ensure adequate coverage of a labor force of approximately 9.8 million people, and the number of criminal investigators to provide adequate inspection coverage. + + + Ensure that + inspections and enforcement efforts take place in the informal sector, and in remote locations, where most child labor occurs. + + + Ensure that victims of the worst forms of child labor are removed from exploitative situations as appropriate. + + + Publish + complete information and data on the government's enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of worksite inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. + + + Disaggregate complaints made to the National Agency to Fight Against Trafficking in Persons and Illegal Migrant Transport's hotline so that the number of complaints related to children is known. + + + Adequately enforce the Nigerien Supreme Court's ruling banning the practice of wahaya. + + + Ensure that victims of slavery have access to reintegration services. + + + Publish complete information on the number of criminal investigations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Adopt + and implement a national action plan to address child labor, including in hereditary slavery, mining, and agriculture. + + + + + Enhance + efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, + including girls, refugees, internally displaced children, and children in rural + communities, by increasing school infrastructure, increasing the number of teachers, removing school fees, and providing more school supplies. + + + Expand the scope of programs to address the + worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, herding, mining, and caste-based servitude. + + + Implement + a program to target and assist children exploited by religious instructors. + + + Ensure + that government social services providers have sufficient resources and facilities + to provide the necessary care to all children withdrawn from hazardous and forced labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + West Africa Regional Mining + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Niger + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Niger_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Nigeria + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nigeria + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Nigeria made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period,the government hired over 180 labor officers to throughout the country and increased inspections from 10,526 to 17,026. The government also established eleven Community Child Labour Monitoring Committees (CCLMC) which oversee child labor projects and outreach efforts and adopted the National Action Plan on Human Trafficking in Nigeria: 2022–2026 which provides a framework for mobilizing the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and Other Related Matters (NAPTIP) and all stakeholders involved in addressing human trafficking. Finally, the government conducted a national child labor survey in order to better inform their child labor policies. However, children in Nigeria are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and use in armed conflict, as well as quarrying granite and artisanal mining. The Child's Right Act has been adopted by only 34 out of Nigeria's 36 states (including the capital federal territory), leaving the remaining 2 states in northern Nigeria with legal statutes that do not meet international standards for the prohibition of children in illicit activities. In addition, the minimum age for work does not apply to children who are self-employed or working in the informal economy. + + + Cocoa + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Granite + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gravel + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Manioc/Cassava + Yes + No + No + + + Sand + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.15 + 6798456 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.78 + + + 7-14 + 0.104 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 859771 + 1586 + Yes + Yes + 17026 + 2274 + 2 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 12 to 15 to align with the compulsory education age and ensure that national legislation on the minimum age for + work is consistent so that all children are protected, including those in the informal sector and who are self-employed. + + + Ensure + that the types of work determined to be hazardous for children are prohibited + by law or regulation for all children under age 18. + + + Ensure that using, procuring, and offering a + child for the production and trafficking of drugs are criminally prohibited in + all states. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Amend the Terrorism Prevention Act to prohibit + the punishment of children for their association with armed groups. + + + Ensure that provisions related + to light work conform to international standards by putting restrictions on domestic and agricultural work. + + + + + Ensure that a mechanism exists for enforcing existing protections for children working in the informal sector. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement, including training for criminal investigators, number of investigations, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Employ at least 4,885 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 73.3 million people. + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspectors and how many inspections were conducted including at worksites, training for labor inspectors provided, the number of child labor violations as a result of inspections, penalties imposed and collected, whether routine and unannounced inspections were conducted, and whether a complaint mechanism and a reciprocal referral mechanism exist. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and enforcement agencies receive sufficient resources, including funding, resources for inspections, office facilities, transportation, fuel, and other necessities, to enforce child labor laws. + + + + + Ensure that the National Steering Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor is active and able to carry out their mandates as intended. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst + forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children and forced child labor in granite, gravel, and cocoa production. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement government policies and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period, specifically theNational Social Behavioral Change Communication Strategy for Elimination of Child Labor in Nigeria (2020–2023). + + + + + Ensure that there is an adequate number of trained teachers + and provide sufficient educational infrastructure for children, particularly + girls, to access schools. + + + Ensure that there are proper protection protocols in place to keep schools safe, including from acts of terrorism and sexual violence. + + + Ensure that all states adopt programs to offer + free education and expand existing programs that provide funds to vulnerable + children, especially girls, to cover school fees and the cost of materials. + + + Establish programs that prevent and + remove children from all relevant worst forms of child labor, including armed conflict, + commercial sexual exploitation, and gold mining. + + + Ensure that the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and Other Related Matters and related agencies provide appropriate facilities and resources to survivors, and that survivors are not held against their will in shelters. + + + Make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + Global Accelerator Lab 8.7 Project - Intensifying Action Against Forced Labor and Child Labor Through Innovation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-accelerator-lab-87- + project-intensifying-action-against-forced-labor-and-child + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Nigeria + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nigeria_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Action against Child Labor in Agriculture in West Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/action-against-child-labor-agriculture-west-africa + + + Action against Child Labor in Agriculture in West Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/action-against-child-labor-agriculture-west-africa + + + + + Niue + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/niue + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Niue, in 2022, the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government partnered with the United Nations Children's Fund to launch the Pacific Islands Inclusive Educational Review to ensure all children, including those with disabilities, have access to quality education. However, the government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, Niue has not established a minimum age for work and lacks a law that prohibits hazardous occupations and activities for children. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.308 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + No + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A*† + + No + N/A*† + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + + + Establish a minimum age for + work of at least age 16 that equals the compulsory education age. + + + Establish 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. + + + Ensure that laws criminally + prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution, the + production of pornography, and pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that laws criminally + prohibit the trafficking of children domestically and internationally for + commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require that the use of + force, fraud, or coercion be established for the crime of human trafficking. + + + Ensure that laws + criminally prohibit forced labor, including debt bondage and slavery. + + + Ensure that laws + criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law + criminallyprohibits the forced or compulsory recruitment of childrenunder age 18 into non-state + armed groups. + + + Ratify UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ratify ILO Convention 182, the convention concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure the National Coordinating Committee is active and has the resources necessary to implement child protection polices at the national level and implement the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. + + + + + Ensure that all schools have menstrual hygiene management facilities that are safe and accessible to all female students. + + + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + Norfolk Island + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/norfolk-island + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + Although research found that no child labor exists on Norfolk Island, in 2022, the government made moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Government of Australia ratified the International Labor Organization Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention of 1930 and tabled for consideration in Federal Parliament the Minimum Age Convention (No. 138) of 1973. Additionally, the Government of Norfolk Island began transitioning its states' services from New South Wales to Queensland, which is expected to fully complete by December 31, 2026. Only specific legislation is in force during this transition. Due to this transition, Norfolk Islands has not established a minimum age for hazardous work nor identified a hazardous work list for children. In addition, Norfolk Islands does not meet the prohibition of commercial sexual exploitation of children because it does not prohibit the use, offering, or procuring of children for prostitution. Lastly, as the minimum age for work, 15, is lower than the compulsory education age, 16, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + + + Establish a minimum age of 13 for light work and specify the activities in which light + work may be undertaken by children. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Establish 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. + + + Prohibit the use, offering, and procuring of children for prostitution in line with international standards. + + + Establish free education by law for all children on Norfolk Island, including those who are not citizens, permanent residents, nor children of permanent residents. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + North Korea + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/north-korea + Indo-Pacific + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Bricks + No + Yes + No + + + Cement + No + Yes + No + + + Coal + No + Yes + No + + + Gold + No + Yes + No + + + Iron + No + Yes + No + + + Textiles + No + Yes + No + + + Timber + No + Yes + No + + + + + North Macedonia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/north-macedonia + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, North Macedonia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government supported policies and social programs that assisted children vulnerable to labor abuses, and the Ministry of Education and Science continued implementing new guidance on proper accommodation of students with disabilities. Additionally, investigators from the Ministry of the Interior received trainings related to child labor and juvenile justice from the Academy for Judges and Prosecutors. However, children in North Macedonia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. The law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside formal employment relationships. Additionally, the government has not adopted a policy to address all worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.976 + + + 7-14 + 0.206 + + + 0.934 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 2510000 + 127 + Yes + Yes + 21032 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 11 + 13 + 17 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that labor law protections apply to all + children, including self-employed children and children working outside formal + employment relationships. + + + Raise the minimum age + for work from 15 to 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that the law provides criminal penalties for the use, procuring, and offering of children for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + + + Ensure that law enforcement authorities receive appropriate training on child labor and identification of victims/potential victims of human trafficking. + + + Provide labor + inspectors and the Ministry of Interior with electronic systems to record and share data on inspections. + + + Provide sufficient funding for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Task Force to carry out its duties to address human trafficking. + + + + + Build the capacity and resources of local committees to adequately address human trafficking. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national action plan on child labor. + + + + + Conduct research to determine the activities + carried out by children engaged in child labor. + + + Increase efficacy of programs dedicated to addressing child + labor and ensure that child beggars receive the support needed to be removed from street work permanently. + + + Reduce barriers to education by increasing the number of teachers who can provide education in the Romani + language. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Oman + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/oman + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Oman made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Committee to Combat Human Trafficking launched a new website in English and Arabic with information on how to report human trafficking crimes in 14 languages. Additionally, in cooperation with United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the government drafted a new law to address human trafficking. There is evidence that small numbers of children in Oman engage in child labor, including in fishing and farming. Research is needed on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.992 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 1 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Collect + and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and + programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/pakistan + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Pakistan mademoderate advancementin efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Pakistan's federal and some provincial governments amended existing laws to better address worst forms of child labor, including increased punishment for offenders involved in child sexual abuse, trafficking, and pornography, protection of child domestic workers, and punishment for parents and guardians pledging children for labor. The Punjab Labor Department conducted over 6,000 inspections at brick kilns, identified 239 child labor violations, and made 60 arrests of those suspected of using child labor, while the Federal Investigation Agency made arrests related to child pornography. Lastly, the Sindh government created a Child Protection Task Force to review all laws related to child labor in the province and recommend amendments to fill gaps in current legislation. However, children in Pakistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work, brick manufacturing, and agriculture. Pakistan's labor inspectorates do not have sufficient human and financial resources to adequately enforce laws prohibiting child labor, and the federal and provincial governments did not publicly release information on their labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Furthermore, police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore child labor crimes and a lack of willingness to conduct criminal investigations, hindered Pakistan's ability to address child labor throughout the country. + + + Baked Goods + Yes + No + No + + + Bovines + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Carpets + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Coal + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Cotton + No + Yes + No + + + Dairy Products + Yes + No + No + + + Electronics + Yes + No + No + + + Furniture + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + No + No + + + Glass Bangles + Yes + No + No + + + Leather + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + No + Yes + No + + + Surgical Instruments + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles + Yes + No + No + + + Wheat + No + Yes + No + + + + + 10-14 + 0.098 + 2261704 + 0.694 + 0.109 + 0.197 + + + 10-14 + 0.78 + + + 10-14 + 0.008 + + + 0.729 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, including in federal law and Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment and use of children under age 18 + by non-state groups for armed conflict, including in federal law and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 14 in federal and provincial laws, including in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh, extending to all sectors and informal employment. + + + Ensure that the law at the federal level and in Balochistan prohibits the employment of children under age 18 in hazardous work such as brickmaking, mining, and domestic service, including in federal law and Balochistan Province. + + + Ensure that the list of hazardous occupations as well as hazardous work prohibitions for children include brickmaking and domestic service, for which there is evidence of environmental hazardous work and physical abuse. + + + Ensure that the federal law and provincial law in Balochistan prohibits children from the ages of 15 to 18 from working in mines, including coal mining. + + + + + Publish enforcement data on labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, mechanisms to assess civil penalties, training for new labor inspectors, refresher courses provided, labor inspections conducted, child labor law violations, penalties imposed and collected, whether routine inspections were targeted, whether unannounced inspections are conducted, and whether reciprocal referral mechanisms exist between labor authorities and social services for all provinces. + + + Employ at least 4,388 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage for the labor force of approximately 65.8 million people. + + + Establish + a referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services in all provinces. + + + Publish information about criminal law investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and sentences imposed, as well as training provided for criminal investigators. + + + Ensure that District Vigilance Committees are operating effectively in all provinces, including through public outreach and in the reporting and filing of cases. + + + Create a centralized repository of labor law enforcement data and a regular mechanism for reporting them to the federal government, and make the data publicly available. + + + Publish information on the number of labor inspectors, including at the federal level and employ at least 4,388 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 65.8 million people. + + + Ensure that all allegations of child trafficking into bacha bazi are thoroughly investigated and, when appropriate, prosecuted. + + + Establish sufficient laws to end police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes to create criminal cases against released bonded laborers, complicity in human trafficking crimes, andfrom suspected perpetrators to ignore alleged crimes. + + + Ensure that farms and brick kilns do not employ child labor and fully compensate all workers by improving guidance on a mechanism to pursue a formal case. Provide legal assistance to bonded labor survivors to pursue their case in courts and adequately enforce the mandate of the District Vigilance Committees' implementation of the Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act. + + + Ensure that allegations of sexual abuse of children in madrassas is adequately addressed and perpetrators are brought to justice. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive adequate and consistent training, including on child labor, human trafficking, and sexual exploitation of children across the country. + + + Ensure that the labor courts adequately prosecute child labor cases. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has enough financial and human resources to conduct inspections, including funding for travel outside of major cities. + + + Ensure that inspections are unannounced and put legal mechanism in place with penalize factory and industry owners that deny inspectors access to facilities. + + + Ensure the federal government and the provinces release information onlabor law enforcement efforts to address child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Publish information on targeted inspectionsfor child labor in high-risk sectors at the federal level and in Balochistan, Khyber Paktunkhwa, and Sindh province. + + + Ensure law enforcement have enough capacity, with human resources and financially, to enforce efforts in prosecution, including penalties against those who exploit street children, including for forced labor and sex trafficking. + + + Prosecute and penalize employers who employ bonded laborers. Ensure bonded labor survivors are protected from future retaliations for bringing their cases to court. + + + + + Establish an adequate number of Child Protection Units established and functional in all provinces. Ensure each Child Protection Unit is adequately staffed without delays in funding. + + + Ensure that the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Child Protection and Welfare Commission coordinates and conducts their quarterly meetings. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention + strategies in the education policies of the provincial governments. + + + Publish information on the activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor under the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh Labor Policy. + + + + + Complete and publish child labor surveys at the federal and provincial levels. + + + Implement programs to address high rates of teacher absenteeism, inadequate facilities, school fees, lack of transportation, and use of corporal punishment to ensure + that all children have access to free and compulsory education, as required by + law. + + + Improve existing programs to address the prevalence and scope of Pakistan's child labor problem, including providing enough protection and rehabilitation services for child domestic workers, bonded child laborers, child survivors of human trafficking, and other children working in the informal sector and in the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that children are protected from sexual abuse in schools, including madrassas, workplaces, and while scavenging on the streets. + + + Improve children's' access to education by by providing internet coverage in rural areas, including in the newly merged districts of the former federally administered tribal areas and in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. + + + Centralize the information received for the Zainab App from different provinces. Ensure data collection and research from the app is robust. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Trace Protocol Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-trace-protocol-project + + + Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Pakistan Earthquake – Child Labor Response + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Earthquake_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Carpet Industry in Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Carpets_Phases1%262_CLOSED.pdf + + + Addressing Child Labor through Quality Education for All in Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_ACLQEFA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Carpet Industry in Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Carpets_Phases1%262_CLOSED.pdf + + + Elimination of Child Labor in the Soccer Ball Industry in Sialkot, Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_SoccerBalls_Phases1%262_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Panama + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/panama + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Panama made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Panama increased the number of labor inspectors in their country from 105 to 198. In February, Panama passed Law 285, creating the System of Guarantees and Rights for the Integral Protection of Children. This law established regulations on protections relating to commercial sexual exploitation, economic exploitation, and hazardous work. The law also established pecuniary penalties, suspension, and closure of commercial premises for companies that have been found to use child labor. The Committee for the Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Adolescent Workers created new sub-committees for the provinces of Chiriquí, Herrera, Panama East, and Panama West. In addition to these new sub-committees, the Committee for the Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Adolescent Workers adopted two new technical procedures on safety and prevention of hazardous work. However, children in Panama are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Panamanian law allows minors under age 16 to engage in hazardous work within training facilities in violation of international standards. Moreover, labor law enforcement agencies lack the financial and human resources necessary to fulfill their mandates. Finally, existing social programs are insufficient to address the full scope of the child labor problem in the country, in particular for children living in rural areas and from indigenous and Afro-Panamanian communities. + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Melons + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.045 + 33594 + 0.711 + 0.035 + 0.254 + + + 5-14 + 0.957 + + + 7-14 + 0.05 + + + 0.861 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 1071188 + 198 + Yes + Yes + 29866 + 7 + 7 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Establish regulations + that define the types of activities that children ages 12 to 14 can undertake as light work. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 to 15 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that the law + protects children from hazardous work by establishing a minimum age of 18 for + all children or by ensuring that children receive adequate training in the type + of work being done and that the health, safety, and morals of children are + protected in accordance with international standards if children ages 16 or 17 + are allowed to perform hazardous work. + + + + + Allocate sufficient + funding for the Directorate Against Child Labor and for the Protection of Adolescent Workers to meet its + commitments for coordination, implementation, and monitoring related to child + labor. + + + Collect and make available information on the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that judges are sufficiently trained on laws related to forced labor, the worst forms of child labor, and human trafficking to ensure that these crimes can be effectively prosecuted. + + + Collect fines from parties found guilty of child labor violations. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Take steps to implement key policies related to child labor and publish information about these efforts on an annual basis. + + + + + Enhance efforts to + eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children from rural areas and indigenous + and Afro-Panamanian communities, by expanding existing programs to cover transportation and infrastructure for children with disabilities. + + + Establish programs and ensure sufficient funding to address the needs of human trafficking survivors, including programs that provide services to child survivors of human trafficking and sexual abuse. + + + Ensure that students have access and equipment for remote education, when necessary. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + Building Effective Policies Against Child Labor in Ecuador and Panama + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-effective-policies-against-child-labor-ecuador-and-panama + + + Educafuturo: Project to Combat Child Labor Among Vulnerable Populations in Ecuador and Panama by Providing Direct Education and Livelihood Services + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/educafuturo-project-combat-child-labor-among-vulnerable-populations-ecuador-and + + + Country Program for Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Panama + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Panama + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Country Program for Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Panama + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Papua New Guinea + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/papua-new-guinea + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Papua New Guinea made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government reintroduced the Tuition Fee-Free Subsidy Policy, which pledges to cover 100% of school fees for students. However, children in Papua New Guinea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining and deep-sea fishing. Papua New Guinea's hazardous work prohibitions do not comply with international standards because it allows children ages 16 and older to engage in hazardous work, which is below the international standard of 18 years old. Papua New Guinea also does not have laws thatsufficiently protect children from commercial sexual exploitation, because using, procuring, and offering a child for pornographic performances are not criminally prohibited nor does it haveprohibitions against child trafficking are insufficient because they require that threats, the use of force, or coercion be established for the crime of child trafficking.Moreover, although exact funding levels are unknown, the labor inspectorate does not have sufficient resources to adequately enforce Papua New Guinea's labor laws, including sufficient trainings for labor inspectors. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.771 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale + of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Raise and establish the minimum age for hazardous work from 16 to 18 and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. + + + Raise the minimum age of light work from 11 to 13 to + comply with international standards and ensure that the law’s light work + provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child + labor. + + + Establish a law that criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, + procuring, and offering a child for pornographic performances. + + + Establish a law that criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state + armed groups. + + + Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to age 16, the minimum age for employment. + + + Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Ensure that the law does not require threats, the use of force, or coercion to be established for the crime of child trafficking. + + + Establish by law free + basic public education, including fully funding education related fees. + + + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, if training was provided for labor inspectors and the number of inspections conducted at worksites. + + + Strengthen the inspection system by ensuring inspectors conduct routine and targeted inspections in addition to those + that are complaint driven. + + + Provide inspectors with the resources necessary to enforce labor laws and other laws that protect children from the worst forms + of child labor, including funding, training, and report-writing skills, and ensure that sufficient funding is provided, along with increasedinstitutional incentives, and local community awareness efforts to ensure that criminal investigations into labor violations are effectively carried out. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between labor and + criminal law enforcement authorities and social services agencies to ensure + that victims of child labor receive appropriate support services. + + + Employ at least 209 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 3.1 million people. + + + Institutionalize and fully fund training on the worst forms of child labor for labor inspectors and criminal investigators, including training for new labor inspectors + at the beginning of their employment. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. + + + Ensure that labor inspections occur in all areas of Papua New Guinea, especially outside of urban areas. + + + Establish a data monitoring system to track child labor cases. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have enough funds to conduct inspections. + + + Publish information regarding the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. + + + Publish information regarding if routine inspections were conducted and targeted, and if unannounced inspections were conducted. + + + Publish information regarding the existence of a reciprocal referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services. + + + Publish information regarding whether a mechanism for child laborcomplaints exists. + + + + + Establish a coordinating mechanism to prevent and eliminate all worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee is active and meets regularly to implement measures to address human trafficking,that there is senior governmental leadership and participation at meetings,that all anti-human trafficking stakeholders, including NGOs, are invited to and participate in the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee coordination, as per the Committee's mandate. + + + + + Ensure that all policies are funded and implemented according to their mandate, including the National Action Plan to Eliminate Child Labor in Papua New Guineaand the National Child Protection Policy. + + + + + Increase access to education by eliminating all school-related fees, increasing funding for school infrastructure improvements, including essentials like textbooks, electricity, and technology,ensure teacher salaries are paid,address transportation challenges for students,institute programs to address gender-based violence against girls in schools,and ensure that all schools have reliable water supplies. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature + of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Implement and fully fund programs and services that assist children engaged + in the worst forms of child labor in all relevant sectors, especially + commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and mining. + + + Ensure that Child Care Centers are active, fully funded, and publish their activities undertaken during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Paraguay + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/paraguay + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Paraguay made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government created nine new committees to address child labor at the regional level and passed the National Plan for Childhood and Adolescence 2022–2024, which focuses government efforts to protect children and promote their rights, highlighting child labor as particular violations to the rights of children. In addition, the Public Ministry increased the number of prosecutions initiated of alleged child labor crimes from 47 in 2021 to 69 in 2022. However, children in Paraguay are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic servitude and in debt bondage in cattle raising, on dairy farms, and in charcoal factories. Children with disabilities as well as those from rural and indigenous communities face difficulties accessing and completing their education. In addition, law enforcement agencies lack the funding and resources needed to sufficiently identify, investigate, and prosecute child labor crimes. Social programs also lack the funding and coverage needed to address child labor in rural areas. + + + Beans + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cabbages + Yes + No + No + + + Carrots + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + Yes + No + + + Corn + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Goats + Yes + No + No + + + Hogs + Yes + No + No + + + Lettuce + Yes + No + No + + + Manioc/Cassava + Yes + No + No + + + Melons + Yes + No + No + + + Onions + Yes + No + No + + + Peanuts + Yes + No + No + + + Peppers + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Poultry + Yes + No + No + + + Sesame + Yes + No + No + + + Sheep + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Sweet Potatoes + Yes + No + No + + + Tomatoes + Yes + No + No + + + Yerba Mate + Yes + No + No + + + + + 10-14 + 0.054 + 36569 + 0.53 + 0.148 + 0.322 + + + 10-14 + Unavailable + + + 10-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.75 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + 119089 + 23 + Yes + Yes + 1766 + 15 + 11 + 5 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 171 + 69 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Draft and enact legislation to protect children from labor abuse under criadazgo,a practice in which middle-class and wealthy families informally employ and house child domestic workers from impoverished families. + + + Increase the compulsory education age from 17 years old to 18 years old to align with the minimum age for work. + + + + + Strengthen + the labor inspectorate by making labor inspectors public officials rather than + contractors and ensuring that they receive training specific to child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 23 to 249 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 3.7 million people. + + + Implement the 2016 agreement to accelerate authorization + of workplace inspection search warrants to + improve the cooperation mechanisms between judicial authorities and labor + enforcement officials. + + + Increase efforts to prosecute crimes related to the worst forms of child labor, including by + hiring and training specialized criminal investigators and prosecutors. + + + Ensure that fines and penalties for those convicted of child labor crimes are consistently applied. + + + Provide office facilities, transportation, fuel, and increased funding to the labor inspectorate, specifically in the Chaco region, to build enforcement capacity to address child labor in the informal sector, including in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Publish information on the number of convictions achieved and penalties imposed related to child labor crimes. + + + Provide increased resources, such as funding and fuel for law enforcement vehicles, to enable increased criminal investigations in remote areas. + + + + + Strengthen interagency coordinating mechanisms, + with particular focus on the communication between the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security and the Ministries of Education + and Health, to address child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Provide additional financial and human resources to all coordinating mechanisms so that they can fulfill their mandate, which includes collecting and reporting on child labor statistics and addressing child labor issues. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Increase + access to education for children vulnerable to child labor, particularly + children with disabilities, young girls, and children with language barriers living in rural and indigenous communities by addressing the lack of identity documents, infrastructure, staff, internet connectivity, and transportation. + + + Further expand government programs to assist + more families and children affected by child labor in agriculture in rural areas, including cattle herding, and domestic work. + + + Ensure that financial assistance programs for child trafficking and forced labor survivors are properly funded. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Attaining Lasting Change + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america + + + CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Project to Increase Worker Voice and Address Forced Labor, Child Labor, and Other Labor Violations in Cattle Raising Areas of Brazil and Paraguay + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-increase-worker-voice-and-address-forced-labor-child-labor-and-other-labor + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf + + + Paraguay Okakuaa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/paraguay-okakuaa-paraguay-progresses + + + + + Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/peru + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Peru made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The country managed to publish a list of hazardous activities for adolescents and harsher sanctions to help prevent and report cases of commercial sexual exploitation as result of human trafficking. However, political instability, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the subsequent economic conditions in 2020 and 2021 presented challenges to the government's efforts in Peru. Children in Peru are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in mining and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Peruvian law allows children ages 12 to 14 to do light work without specifying the activities in which children may work. Labor law enforcement agencies in Peru also lack sufficient inspectors and training to adequately address child labor, and the government did not provide complete information on labor law and criminal enforcement efforts against child labor. + + + Brazil Nuts/Chestnuts + No + Yes + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Coca + Yes + No + No + + + Fireworks + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + Yes + No + + + Timber + No + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.187 + 1213785 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.83 + + + 7-14 + 0.18 + + + 1.162 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + 49000000 + 787 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children younger than age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that light work provisions determine the activities and the number of hours per week in which light work may be permitted. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to 17 from 14 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Publish + information on training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions. + + + Ensure adequate enforcement of child labor laws, including in the informal sector. + + + Remove the "auxiliary inspector classification" to increase efficiency in the labor inspection process and allow inspectors to conduct follow-up programmed inspections. + + + Increase + the level of funding and the resources allocated for labor and criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials conduct adequate investigations in mining areas and bars and initiate prosecutions when violations are found to deter perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient shelters, including shelters for boys, and specialized services available for survivors of human trafficking. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 787 to about 1,247 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 18.7 million people. + + + Publish information on the MTPE's efforts against child labor and labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor violations found, whether penalties were imposed, the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, and the number of labor inspections conducted at worksite. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement personnel are properly trained on child labor and forced labor issues. + + + Ensure that more trainings take place frequently, including Lima, and providing labor law compliance to employers and workers. + + + Allow inspectors to conduct follow-up programmed inspections of any given worksite within the same year. + + + + + Ensure + that Regional Commissions for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor develop action plans to address child labor and + allocate sufficient funding to implement these plans. + + + Ensure that efforts to address trafficking in persons are fully funded by approving the multisectoral anti-trafficking budget. + + + Ensure that key coordinating bodies related to the worst forms of child labor are active, publish information on annual activities, and carry out their mandates. + + + + + Ensure that key policies related to the worst forms of child labor are active and that information on annual activities is published. + + + + + Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children, including migrant and refugees, by addressing barriers such as limited class sizes, long distances to schools, and any lack of necessary documentation. + + + Expand social programs to reach a greater number of children who + perform dangerous tasks in agriculture; initiate social programs to address + child commercial sexual exploitation, child labor in mining, child labor in + logging, and child domestic work. + + + Publish information on activities taken under all social programs that address child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Consolidating and Disseminating Efforts to Combat Forced Labor in Brazil and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/consolidating-and-disseminating-efforts-combat-forced-labor-brazil-and-peru-0 + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf + + + From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 + + + Catalyzing Civil Society to Accelerate Progress Against Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/catalyzing-civil-society- + accelerate-progress-against-child-labor-catalyst + + + Promoting Better Understanding of Indicators to Address Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking in Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-better-understanding-indicators-address-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-5 + + + Proyecto Semilla : Combating Exploitative Rural Child Labor in Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/proyecto-semilla-seed-project-combating-exploitative-rural-child-labor-peru + + + Prepárate para la Vida + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Peru_Preparate_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Peru_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Philippines + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/philippines + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, the Philippines made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, which holds private sector entities responsible for addressing human trafficking. In July, it further focused its efforts on addressing online exploitation of children by enacting the Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children and Anti-Child Sexual Abuse or Exploitation Materials Act, which, among other things, punishes online sexual abuse of children and penalizes the production, distribution, possession, and access to child sexual abuse or exploitation materials. In addition, the government launched the Basic Education Development Plan to improve its quality and delivery of education, address access gaps, and build resilience of learners. Children in the Philippines are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and gold mining. The minimum age for work in the Philippines does not meet international standards because it is lower than the compulsory education age, making children vulnerable to child labor. Social programs have not sufficiently addressed child victims of online sexual exploitation, and enforcement of child labor laws remained a challenge throughout the country due to limited personnel and financial resources. + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Coconuts + Yes + No + No + + + Corn + Yes + No + No + + + Fashion Accessories + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Hogs + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Pyrotechnics + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.02 + 466708 + 0.449 + 0.055 + 0.496 + + + 5-14 + 0.955 + + + 7-14 + 0.021 + + + 1.058 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 3700000 + 1210 + No + Yes + 81314 + 5 + 0 + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 122 + 105 + 69 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 18 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Enhance efforts to prevent the inappropriate incarceration of, and violence against, children suspected to be engaged in the production and trafficking of drugs and those caught in crossfire during anti-drug operations. + + + Prosecute law enforcement officials and civilians responsible for the killing of children engaged in the drug trade and officials who are complicit in trafficking or allow traffickers to operate without impunity. + + + Allow Rescue the Child Laborers Quick Action Teams to conduct unannounced compliance visits to private homes. + + + Develop and provide specialized training for labor inspectors on identification of child labor. + + + Increase funding to allow for the hiring + of more law enforcement personnel, including police and prosecutors, training + for forensic analysis of digital online sexual exploitation of children evidence, and creation of a centralized + database to allow for quicker action on cases involving the worst forms of + child labor. + + + Ensure that youth rehabilitation centers, including Houses of Hope (Bahay ng Pag-asa), are accredited and in compliance with standards set by the Department of Social Welfare and Development and Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 1,210 to 2,834 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 42.5 million people, and increase resources available to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce, particularly in the informal sector and in rural areas where child labor is prevalent. + + + Provide criminal law enforcement officials training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor, including the proper handling of digital evidence in criminal trials. + + + Prosecute trafficking crimes in a timely manner and hire more criminal prosecutors to lessen the workload. + + + Develop procedures to allow for the efficient collection of restitution from convicted human traffickers and its transfer to their victims. + + + Ensure that child labor law violations are met with penalties consistent with the law, and that the penalties are collected. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Institute a program to + address and combat the sexual abuse + and exploitation of children in the production of + child pornography, including live streaming. + + + Develop programs to + increase protections for and provide assistance to children engaged in drug + trafficking and children impacted by the death of a familial breadwinner to address their heightened vulnerability to child labor. + + + Ensure that Houses of Hope (Bahay ng Pag-asa) child detention centers + in the Philippines do not subject children to physical or emotional abuse, that those who commit such crimes are held accountable, and + that centers are provided with adequate resources to remedy overcrowding and unhygienic conditions. + + + Increase access to free, compulsory education by eliminating unofficial school-related fees and addressing issues related to inadequate school infrastructure, including architectural barriers. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- + addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean + + + RICHES + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/riches + + + CARING Gold Mining Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/caring-gold-mining-project-convening-stakeholders-develop-and-implement-strategies + + + SAFE Seas + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/safe-seas + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Fishing Sector in Indonesia and the Philippines- Phases I and II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthEastAsia_Fishing_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Against Child Exploitation Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/against-child-exploitation-ace-project + + + Building Capacity, Awareness, Advocacy and Programs Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/buildca2p-building-capacity-awareness-advocacy-and-programs-project + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-6 + + + Project to Combat Exploitative Child Labor in Sugarcane Growing Areas of the Philippines + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-combat-exploitative-child-labor-sugarcane-growing-areas-philippines + + + ABK3 LEAP + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/abk3-leap-livelihoods-education-advocacy + + + Towards a Child Labour-Free Philippines: Supporting the ‘Philippine Program Against Child Labour’ in Building on Past Gains and Addressing Challenges + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labour-free-philippines-supporting-philippine-program-against-child + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Philippines: ABK Initiative Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_ABK_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Philippines: The ABK Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_ABK_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Republic of the Philippines + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Philippines: Preparatory Activities for a Timebound Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_TBP_Prep_CLOSED.pdf + + + Reporting on the State of the Nation's Working Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in the Philippines + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_SIMPOC_PhI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Russia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/russia + Indo-Pacific + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Bricks + No + Yes + No + + + Pornography + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Timber + No + Yes + No + + + + + Rwanda + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/rwanda + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Rwanda made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government significantly increased the labor inspectorate funding and conducted awareness raising campaigns aimed at ending child labor and child abuse and addressing human trafficking. However, children in Rwanda are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining, including carrying heavy loads. Reports indicate that government officials have detained children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation and forced street begging in transit centers intended for individuals demonstrating so-called deviant behaviors, in which children often experience physical abuse. In addition, inadequate resource allocation for the labor inspectorate, including an insufficient number of labor inspectors, may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. Finally, social programs do not address all relevant sectors in which child labor is present. + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + + + 6-14 + 0.054 + 156522 + 0.789 + 0.032 + 0.179 + + + 6-14 + 0.894 + + + 7-14 + 0.049 + + + 0.974 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + + 484080 + 37 + Yes + Yes + 5076 + 27 + 27 + 27 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 27 + 27 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + + + + + Establish + by law free basic public + education. + + + Increase the compulsory education age from 12 to 16 to align with the minimum age for work. + + + + + Increase the number of inspectors from 37 to 117 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 4.7 million people. + + + Report the number of complaints received + by the Rwandan National Police's hotline that relate to child labor. + + + Cease the practice of detaining and physically abusing children who work on the street and ensure that any children in detention centers receive adequate screening and services, and are not subjected to abuse or unhealthy detention conditions. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources, personnel, and training to enforce child labor laws and perform onsite inspections. + + + Improve the ability of law enforcement agencies to share data relevant to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Dedicate adequate resources and training to criminal law enforcement to ensure they are properly equipped to investigate, prosecute, and convict human traffickers. Further ensure that law enforcement officials are provided the training and capacity building needed to recognize and address internal forms of human trafficking. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources and are able to address both domestic and transnational human trafficking. + + + + + Integrate + child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the + National Social Protection Strategy. + + + Ensure that actions are taken to implement relevant key policies. + + + + + Remove barriers to education, such as language barriers for non-English speakers, costs for uniforms and school supplies, and unofficial school + fees, and ensure access for children with disabilities. + + + Expand existing social programs to address all relevant sectors of child + labor, including agriculture and mining. + + + Expand services for human trafficking victims, including programs for long-term care in shelters. + + + Ensure that service providers are properly trained to identify victims of human trafficking. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement social programs during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children in Tea-Growing Areas + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/rwanda-education-alternatives-children-tea-growing-areas-reach-t + + + Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/rwanda-education-alternatives-children-reach + + + + + Saint Helena Ascension and Tristan da Cunha + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-helena-ascension-and-tristan-da-cunha + Europe and Eurasia + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, in 2022, the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. In 2022, the Government of Ascension enacted the Employment Ordinance, which details the conditions under which children may work, including acceptable work activities and hours. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Research indicates that Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha lacks a functioning labor inspectorate for the enforcement of labor laws and regulations. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha lacks legislation to criminally prohibitforced labor, debt bondage, slavery, and child trafficking. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A*† + + No + N/A*† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + + + Ensure + that forced labor, debt bondage, and slavery are criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities in Ascension. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits thetrafficking of children for labor exploitation. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Ensure Ascension's establishes age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure Ascension's laws establish a minimum age for work of at least 15 years. + + + Establish by law an age up to which + education is compulsory in Tristan da Cunha that extends to 16, the + minimum age for employment. + + + + + Establish a functioning labor inspectorate for the enforcement of labor laws and regulations, including laws pertaining to child labor. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + Saint Lucia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-lucia + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Saint Lucia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government renewed its Trafficking in Persons National Action Plan through 2026 and launched a new Border Control Management System that will assist authorities in identifying trafficking in persons cases. In addition, Saint Lucia finalized terms for a $6.2 million dollar grant from the European Union to support a comprehensive skills training system for unemployed youth and vulnerable groups. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Saint Lucia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in the sale and distribution of drugs. Saint Lucia's legal framework does not sufficiently prohibit the commercial sexual exploitation of children and the use of children in illicit activities. In addition, policies addressing all forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, do not exist. + + + + 5-14 + 0.075 + 2017 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.997 + + + 7-14 + 0.082 + + + 1.004 + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A*† + + No + N/A*† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + No + 50 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + 3 + 0 + 0 + Yes + 0 + + + + + Determine + the types of hazardous work prohibited for children in consultation with + employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure + that laws prohibit procuring or offering a child for illicit activities, + including drug trafficking and production. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the military recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that laws providing free basic education include all children in Saint Lucia, including non-citizens. + + + + + Ensure + that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient funding to conduct labor + inspections in all relevant sectors. + + + Increase + the resources allocated to criminal investigators, including funding and + equipment. + + + Ensure that the judiciary has sufficient financial resources and personnel to reduce court backlogs and allow cases to be tried in a timely manner. + + + Ensure that existing penalties are sufficient to deter employers from committing child labor violations. + + + Collect and publish labor law enforcement data, including information on labor inspectorate funding, number of inspectors, training, and strengthen + the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data + related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + + + Adopt policies that not only address trafficking in persons, but also address all worst forms of child labor, including street vending and the use of children in illicit activities. + + + + + Collect and publish + data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Design, implement, fund, and participate in social programs that specifically target and assist children engaged in the + worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, illicit activities such as the sale and transportation of drugs, and street vending. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, and make it accessible for all children by ensuring that gang violence does not occur at schools and by assisting parents with obtaining proper documentation for their child's school enrollment. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Saint Vincent and the Grenadines + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The governmentpassed amendments to the Prevention of Trafficking in Persons Act to strengthen penalties for offenders. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines engage in child labor in agriculture and street vending, including selling fruits and vegetables at local farmers' markets. Gaps remain in the legal framework, as Saint Vincent and the Grenadines does not fully meet international standards because the use of children for prostitution, pornography, or pornographic performances is not prohibited. In addition, the minimum age for hazardous work falls below international standards and there is no legislation prohibiting the using, procuring, and offering of children in illicit activities, including in the production of drugs. The government also did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement efforts. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.156 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A*† + + No + N/A*† + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + N/A + + + + + Establish 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic + performances. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of children for illicit activities, including in the production of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children + under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 16 to align with + the compulsory education age. + + + + + Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. + + + Increase resources, including personnel and vehicles, for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit to expand their capacity to address human trafficking throughout the country. + + + Collect and publish labor law enforcement data, including information on the number of inspectors, inspectorate funding, the number of worksite inspections, the number of unannounced inspections conducted, training, and number of child labor law violations. + + + Publish information about the complaint mechanism to receive child labor complaints and the referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services. + + + Publish comprehensive criminal law enforcement data on all worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Establish a coordinating mechanism to prevent and eliminate all worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish information about the activities and meetings of the National Task Force Against Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Memorandum of Understanding on Countering Human Trafficking in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and publish results from activities implemented on an annual basis + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, such asstreet vending and farming. + + + Ensure that resources and budget for the National Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons are sufficient to support its activities. + + + + + Collect and publish + data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make + education accessible for all children, including children in rural communities, by providing public transportation. + + + Institute programs to address child labor in agriculture and street vending. + + + + + Yes + No + No + + + + Samoa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/samoa + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Samoa made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In partnership with the International Labor Organization, the government conducted a Rapid Assessment Survey of Child Vendors, finding a 27 percent increase compared to the same study conducted in 2015. It also provided information on its labor law and criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspectors, for the first time for inclusion in this report. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Samoa are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in street work, including begging and vending. Samoa lacks laws that prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, as the minimum age for work of 15 is lower than the compulsory education age of 16, children in Samoa may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.892 + + + 7-14 + 0.304 + + + 1.142 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 47513.55 + 4 + Yes + Yes + 116 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 0 + 0 + N/A + Yes + N/A + + + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that the Labor and Employment Relations Regulations specify the conditions under which light work may be undertaken and define the activities that are permitted. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, or offering of a + child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of + drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits commercial sexual exploitation of children between ages 16 to 18. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 16 years old to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery and practices similar to slavery or debt bondage. + + + Ensure that the types of work that children perform in Samoa that include work for long hours and in an unhealthy environment, including street work, are prohibited to children under 18. + + + + + Establish a mechanism to assesscivil penalties for child labor violations. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Integrate strategies to eliminate and prevent child labor into the Strategy for the Development of Samoa and the Education Sector Plan. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the National Child Care and Protection Policy (2020–2030) and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in Samoa to + inform policies and programs. + + + Institute programs designed to address child labor in street work, including vending. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Sao Tome and Principe + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sao-tome-and-principe + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, São Tomé and Príncipe made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The government continued to fund three centers run by NGOs that assist vulnerable families, orphans, and children living and working on the street. However, children in São Tomé and Príncipe are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Labor Code does not apply to children working outside of a formal labor relationship, such as children who are self-employed. Moreover, limited financial resources hampered law enforcement efforts, and policies addressing the worst forms of child labor do not exist. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.925 + + + 7-14 + 0.233 + + + 0.843 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 86000 + 5 + Yes + No + 40 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale + of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Ensure that minimum age for work laws apply to all children in formal and informal work relationships, including children who are self-employed. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law a minimum age for light work no less than 13 years and adopt legislation defining the activities and conditions permissible for light work. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits practices similar to slavery or criminally prohibits debt bondage and forced or compulsory labor. + + + + + Strengthen the Labor Inspectorate by initiating + targeted inspections based on analysis of data identifying risk-prone sectors + and patterns of serious incidents, and ensure that inspections are conducted in the informal sector in which child labor is known to occur. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are equipped with adequate resources needed to conduct inspections, including office facilities, fuel, and transportation, all disbursed in a timely and efficient manner, and ensure they receive adequate technical training to strengthen their ability to perform their duties. + + + Ensure that criminal investigators are equipped with the necessary resources, including transportation, fuel, and other necessities to carry out investigations, and ensure they receive training to better address violations of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including data regarding imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that the Anti-Child Labor Committee is active and able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + + + Adopt policies to address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Policy and Strategy for Social Protection and that data on these activities are published. + + + + + Implement programs that specifically target + child labor in agriculture. + + + Implement programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Increase access to education for children with disabilities, including creating programs that address children with mobility and hearing difficulties. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + + + Senegal + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/senegal + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Senegal made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In cooperation with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, it developed and validated new standard operating procedures on the identification, investigation, and referral of trafficking in person cases. In an effort to prevent forced begging, it also spent $603,000 to assist over 10,934 children in Koranic schools, or daaras, that met basic standards of care and child protection. Finally, it coordinated with the international partners in the launch of the Programs to Counter Sex Trafficking in Kédougou. However, children in Senegal are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include domestic work or street work, areas in which there is evidence of potential harm to child workers. In addition, Senegal does not have a current national action plan or a national coordinating body for the elimination of child labor. + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.53 + + + 7-14 + 0.139 + + + 0.63 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 128 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law governing hazardous work prohibitions for children is comprehensive. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Clarify forced begging provisions in the Penal Code and the Law Concerning + the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons to explicitly prohibit forced begging, including alms-seeking, under any circumstances. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Establish criminal penalties for the use of children in illicit activities. + + + + + Publish all relevant + information on labor inspectorate funding, training conducted, and the number of inspections conducted at worksites. + + + Provide adequate labor inspectorate funding, increase the number of labor inspector s from 68 to 119 to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, and ensure that cases of child labor are formally reported. + + + Ensure that labor inspections and enforcement are carried out in the informal sector, including in private homes and farms. + + + Establish a mechanism to receive child labor + complaints, and track cases of child labor for referral to law + enforcement or social services providers. + + + Ensure that training for criminal investigators adequately addresses issues related to the worst forms of child labor in Senegal. + + + Ensure that courts have sufficient resources and coordination to be able to successfully prosecute cases. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement information on the worst forms of child labor, including the number of investigations, violations, and prosecutions, or if penalties were imposed. + + + Ensure that criminal cases involving child victims are referred to the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security's Children's Unit. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to prevent and eliminate child labor. + + + Ensure the Ministry of Labor's participation in the National Task Force Against Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Adopt + a national policy to address child labor. + + + + + Ensure + that all children have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, + building additional schools, improving school infrastructure and sanitation, ensuring access for students with disabilities, providing + all children with access to birth registration, and protecting children in schools from sexual harassment and abuse. + + + Institute + programs to address child labor in domestic work, agriculture, and mining. + + + Conduct education and awareness-raising activities among families of rescued street children to ensure children are not returned to forced begging. + + + Ensure that shelter services are adequate to provide protective care to survivors of child trafficking and hte worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Support for the Implementation of the Senegal Timebound Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Senegal_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Serbia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/serbia + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Serbia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Government institutions reported improvements in identifying minor victims of trafficking, including identification of socioeconomic factors often associated with a higher risk for becoming a victim of trafficking, and labor law enforcement authorities continued to receive training related to assisting populations that are vulnerable to economic exploitation. Additionally, the Government of Serbia approved the 2022 Plan to Protect Street Children in Situations of Violence, Neglect, and Exploitation, which increases the level of collaboration among government agencies and external stakeholders such as educational institutions in efforts to address child labor. However, children in Serbia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. Serbia's laws do not treat forced child beggars as victims of child labor, and the country's social welfare centers are overburdened, which limits efforts to provide services to victims of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.976 + + + 7-14 + 0.206 + + + 0.979 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 3900000 + 207 + Yes + No + 65043 + 13 + 13 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 12 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law does not treat child beggars as criminals. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, and eliminate the requirement that illicit activities must directly stem from human trafficking. + + + Ensure that the use of children for prostitution is criminally prohibited and that the Criminal Code's provisions on pimping, procuring, and mediation in prostitution include all children under eighteen years of age. + + + + + Train new labor inspectors on child labor. + + + Ensure that staff members at Social Welfare Centers have sufficient resources, such as personnel and funding, to address the specific needs of child trafficking victims. + + + Ensure + that criminal investigators and agencies addressing human trafficking have the necessary funding to conduct thorough investigations. + + + Publish data pertaining to labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. + + + Ensure that the Labor Inspectorate is adequately funded to facilitate both regular operations as well as the hiring of new labor inspectors. + + + Publish data pertaining to criminal law enforcement efforts related to child labor, including number of investigations and convictions and whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that the Office of the National Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Persons is adequately funded and staffed. + + + + + Integrate child labor + elimination and prevention strategies into the National Strategy for Roma + Inclusion. + + + + + Address policy and social barriers to education via targeted programming for disadvantaged populations, including improving access to birth registration documentation; + increasing access to education for children with disabilities; and increasing educational access and retention rates for minority + populations, particularly migrant children, Roma children, and girls. + + + Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children engaged in child labor, including those in farming, construction, forestry, fishing, manufacturing and wholesale and retail trade. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + + + Sierra Leone + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sierra-leone + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Sierra Leone made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed the Anti-Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling Act, which raised prison terms for sex trafficking and established a trust fund for victims of human trafficking to pay for shelter, medical services, and legal aid. The government also launched a hotline to report trafficking crimes and established a National Migration Policy to promote the rights of migrants and increase public awareness of human trafficking. However, children in Sierra Leone are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in mining. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in quarrying stone and fishing. Sierra Leone'slight work provisionsdo not specify the activities and conditionsin which light work may be undertaken or limit the number of hours of light work, which does not meet international standards.In addition, Sierra Leone lacks a national policy and social program to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Diamonds + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Granite + Yes + No + No + + + Oil + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.782 + + + 7-14 + 0.322 + + + 0.98 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the Child Right Act's light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which light work may be undertaken and limit the number of hours of light work. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure hazardous work occupations prohibited for children are comprehensive, including by prohibiting scavenging at dumpsites. + + + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections conducted, the number of violations found, penalties imposed, and collected. + + + Ensure the Ministry of Mines has adequate funding and resources to carry out enforcement efforts. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations undertaken, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + + + Provide additional training to criminal law enforcement personnel and the judiciary to ensure that violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. + + + Provide + labor and criminal law enforcement officials with sufficient funding and additional vehicles to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the + country. + + + Employ at least 70 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 2.8 million people. + + + Ensure unannounced inspections are conducted and cease the practice of employers being informed ahead of time. + + + + + Ensure + that village-level and chiefdom-level Child Welfare Committees are established and operational in all areas. + + + Ensure that the National Technical Steering Committee on Child Labor meets on a regular basis and is able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + + + Adopt policies to address child labor in relevant sectors, such as mining, quarrying, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Remove barriers to education by providing transportation to school, increasing the number of schools and qualified teachers, paying teachers' salaries on time, reducing school-related costs, and eliminating abuse, including sexual and gender-based violence by + teachers and other students. + + + Increase the + availability of and funding for shelters and safe houses for survivors of forced labor and children removed from street work. + + + Ensure that data for household surveys are fully disaggregated and published so the prevalence of child labor at all ages, including below age 10, in Sierra Leone is known. + + + Institute programs to address child labor in agriculture, domestic work, and street vending. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + CYCLE - Countering Youth and Child Labor through Education in Sierra Leone and Liberia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_CYCLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Education Innovations + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI_TraffickingComponent_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Solomon Islands + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/solomon-islands + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, the Solomon Islands made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of the Solomon Islands conducted a national survey on the state of inclusive education and launched a new National Education Action Plan (2022-2026). However, children in the Solomon Islands are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Research shows that children are also involved in the harvesting of palm oil fruits. In addition, the minimum age for work of 12 years does not meet the international standard of 14 years, and the Solomon Islands has not established a minimum age for hazardous work or delineated the types of work considered hazardous for children.Furthermore,there is no law that makes education compulsory, which increases children’s vulnerability to child labor. The government also did not publish labor and criminal law enforcement data for the reporting year. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.857 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Raise + the minimum age for employment from 12 to 14 years to comply with international + standards. + + + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for + children, including the types of work for which there + is evidence of hazards, such as in scavenging and agriculture. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the transfer of children for the purpose of child trafficking. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for + illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law a compulsory age of education of 14 to align with the international standard for the minimum age for employment. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, information about the training system for labor inspectors, and penalties imposed and collected. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number prosecutions initiated, the number of convictions secured, and the sentences imposed. + + + Employ at least nine labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 369,000 people. + + + Publish data about reciprocal referral mechanisms between labor and criminal authorities and social services. + + + Publish information about child labor-related training for labor inspectors and criminal investigators. + + + Ensure the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws, and improve budget transparency to improve enforcement efforts. + + + + + Ensure that the National Advisory Action Committee on Children is able to successfully coordinate government and NGO efforts to address child trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children and publish information regarding the Committee's efforts. + + + + + Adopt + a policy that incorporates eliminating child labor and the worst forms of child labor as an objective. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy and theNational Action Plan Against Human Trafficking and People Smuggling. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Eliminate barriers to basic education, including by eliminating school-related fees and teacher absenteeism, improving access to school transportation, and by ensuring that all schools are equipped with proper sanitation facilities and are accessible for students with disabilities. + + + Establish and participate in programs to prevent, address, and eliminate child labor. + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Somalia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/somalia + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Somalia is receiving an assessment of no advancement.TheSomali police force participated in trainings conducted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime with the goal of increasing anti-trafficking efforts.Somaliland, which has self-declared independence from Somalia, passed an anti-trafficking in persons law.Despite these initiatives to address child labor, Somalia is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated complicity in the use of forced child labor. During the reporting period, there is evidence that federal and state security forces continued to recruit and use children in armed conflict, in violation of national law. In other cases, government security forces detained children for suspected association with armed groups, at times subjecting them to lengthy interrogations and coerced confessions. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. It is unknown if the government conducted worksite inspections in 2022. Somali laws do not criminally prohibit child labor trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.442 + + + 7-14 + 0.066 + + + 0.383 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + + 0 + 35 + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + N/A + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional + Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Clarify whether the + pre-1991 Labor Code and Penal Code are still in effect under the Federal Government of Somalia. + + + Criminally prohibit child + trafficking for the purposes of labor and sexual exploitation. + + + Criminally prohibit using, + procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic + performances. + + + Ensure that penalties for the commercial sexual exploitation of children are + sufficiently stringent to deter violations. + + + Ensure that the law protects + children involved in commercial sexual exploitation from criminal charges. + + + Criminally prohibit the use + of children in illicit activities. + + + Criminally prohibit the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the compulsory + education age from 14 to 15 years to be commensurate with the minimum age for work. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure + that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work + may be undertaken and limit the number of hours for light work. + + + + + Ensure that criminal law + enforcement officials receive sufficient training and resources to investigate, + prosecute, and convict violators of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Cease the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the Somali Police Force, the National Intelligence and Security Agency, and the Somali National Army, as well as Galmudug, Jubaland, and Puntland forces and all allied militia. Investigate, prosecute, and punish, as appropriate, all commanders who recruit and use children. + + + Ensure that children + associated with armed groups are referred to social services providers while ceasing the practices of detaining them with adults, subjecting them to lengthy interrogations without legal representation, eliciting coerced confessions, and imposing long prison terms. Transfer children currently in detention to social services providers. + + + Establish a referral + mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social welfare services for + children subjected to child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 35 to 79 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 3.2 million people. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has dedicated funding. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts to bring to justice perpetrators of child labor crimes. + + + Ensure that labor inspections are conducted, including in unannounced inspections and in targeted sectors in which child labor most frequently occurs. + + + Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and providing refresher courses. + + + + + Establish coordinating + mechanisms to prevent and respond to incidences of child labor. + + + + + Adopt policies to address child labor in agriculture, industry, street work, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Somalia Social Protection Policy and publish the results from activities implemented during the reporting period + + + + + Enhance efforts to + eliminate barriers to education and make education accessible and safe for all children by + removing all armed groups from educational + facilities, constructing schools outside Mogadishu, removing enrollment fees, and ensuring that girls, IDP children, and nomadic and rural children have access. + + + Develop programs to address all forms of child labor, including in street work and forced labor in agriculture. Expand the scope of existing programs to address the use of children in armed conflict. + + + Adopt a countrywide birth registration system to facilitate identification of child labor violations. + + + Ensure that data regarding percentage of children working and attending school is being reported + + + Publish activities undertaken by theACT to Protect Children Affected by Armed Conflict program. + + + + + Yes + Yes + No + + + + Global Accelerator Lab 8.7 Project - Intensifying Action Against Forced Labor and Child Labor Through Innovation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-accelerator-lab-87- + project-intensifying-action-against-forced-labor-and-child + + + + + South Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/south-africa + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, South Africa made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. South Africa hosted the 5th Global Conference on the Elimination of Child Labor, where delegates adopted the Durban Call to Action on Elimination of Child Labor. In addition, in August, the Department of Employment and Labor led a joint multi-departmental inspection effort that resulted in criminal child labor charges. The government also increased the benefit of the Child Support Grant by 4.3 percent and the Foster Care Grant by 1.9 percent, both of which provide direct cash transfers to reduce child vulnerability. However, children in South Africa are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, forced begging, and use in illicit activities. Social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor, and free basic education is not guaranteed by law. + + + + 5-14 + 0.15 + 1559791 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.974 + + + 7-14 + 0.177 + + + 0.919 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 3828000 + 1882 + No + Yes + 134488 + 20 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children + under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Ensure that criminal law + enforcement officials are trained to properly identify cases of the worst forms of child labor and child trafficking. + + + Ensure that the South African Police Service has sufficient resources to investigate all suspected cases of child trafficking and forced child labor. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement data on investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed concerning the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that victim identification and referral mechanisms function effectively to provide services to survivors of child trafficking. + + + + + Ensure that theNational Intersectoral Committee on Trafficking in Personsincludes meaningful participation from relevant agencies. + + + + + Include a timeframe and benchmarks in child labor policies + to properly monitor and assess the progress of efforts to eliminate child labor. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the + South African Education Action Plan and the National Development Plan. + + + + + Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and the use of children in illicit activities. + + + Remove barriers to education by eliminating indirect costs, improving school infrastructure and sanitation, and ensuring accessibility for students with disabilities. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor , Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf + + + Development of a National Program of Action to Eradicate Child Labor in South Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAfrica_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Reporting on the State of the Nation's Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in the Republic of South Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAfrica_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + South Sudan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/south-sudan + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2022, South Sudan is receiving an assessment of no advancement.The government made efforts by extending until 2024 the Comprehensive Action Plan to Prevent All Grave Violations Against Children in South Sudan. In addition, for the first time since the pandemic in 2020, the Ministry of Labor conducted labor inspections, and, in collaboration with Save the Children and the United Nations Children’s Fund, the government published the Education Needs Assessment South Sudan 2021.Despite these initiatives to address child labor, South Sudan is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated complicity in the use of forced child labor. The country's military forces continued to recruit children, sometimes forcibly, to fight opposition groups and for use in support roles. Children in South Sudan are also subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in cattle herding. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction. In 2022, the government did not hold perpetrators of child labor accountable and has yet to ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Cattle + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 10-14 + 0.456 + 463624 + 0.602 + 0.382 + 0.016 + + + 6-14 + 0.315 + + + 10-14 + 0.109 + + + 0.215 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 13 + No + No + + + + Unknown + 14 + No + Yes + 21 + 0 + 0 + 0 + No + No + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Ratify + the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Raise + the compulsory education age of 13 to the minimum age for work of 14 to comply with international standards. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor drafts and issues regulations to implement key elements related to child labor, including the number of hours and conditions for light work, the exceptions under which children ages 16 and 17 may engage in hazardous work, and a complete list of hazardous work. + + + + + End the forced and voluntary recruitment or use of children by state and non-state armed groups, including the South Sudan People's Defense Force and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army – In Opposition, in compliance with the Child's Act. Investigate, prosecute, convict (as appropriate), and sentence individuals, including government officials, who recruit or use children in armed conflict. + + + Increase + the number of labor inspectors from 14 to 109 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 4.3 million people. + + + Establish formal referral mechanisms for victims of the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that child labor-specific training is provided to criminal investigators and prosecutors and that prison sentences for child labor crimes are imposed and carried out. + + + Publish data related to labor law enforcement, including the amount of funding provided for the labor inspectorate. + + + Establish a mechanism to assess penalties for child labor violations, and ensure that labor regulations provide monetary penalties for child labor infractions that are high enough to serve as a deterrent. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Finance and Planning provides the Ministry of Labor with regular and sufficient funding for labor inspections that covers all operational costs needed to conduct routine labor inspections, including inspections targeting all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, such as the informal sector, and outside of the capital city. + + + Ensure that the justice system has adequate funding to recruit sufficient numbers of personnel -- including judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys -- and is able to conduct appropriate law enforcement personnel trainings regarding child labor-related laws and implementing regulations. Ensure independence of the justice system by eliminating interference by the government officials and armed groups, including the national armed forces. + + + Establish a mechanism to receive child labor complaints and ensure that routine inspections are conducted by the labor inspectorate. + + + Publicize activities undertaken by all agencies responsible for child labor law enforcement, including those undertaken by the Ministry of Justice and the South Sudan People's Defense Force Directorate for Child Protection. + + + Ensure that victims of commercial sexual exploitation and other worst forms of child labor are correctly identified as victims and are referred to appropriate social services, rather than being treated as criminals. + + + + + Establish a coordinating mechanism to address all worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, and ensure that its mandates are clearly defined. + + + Ensure that the Technical Task Force on Anti-Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Persons is active, sufficiently funded, and able to carry out it intended mandates, including ratifying the Palermo Protocol and developing policies to address trafficking of migrant workers. + + + Ensure the National Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Commission is active and able to assist rescued child soldiers by locating their families, providing them with vocational training, and assisting with their reintegration into civilian life. + + + + + Ensure thatsignatories of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan and of the Comprehensive Action Plan to Prevent Grave Violations Against Children in South Sudan do not continue to recruit or re-recruit children, and that actions are taken to demilitarize civilian areas, including schools. + + + Adopt policies to address child labor in all sectors in which it is known to occur, particularly in the agriculture and livestock sectors, as well as all relevant worst forms of child labor such as commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Ensure that children complete their primary education by adequately funding the sector, enforcing school attendance, reliably paying teachers’ salaries, subsidizing other school-related costs, addressing the lack of school infrastructure, and by withdrawing government forces from occupied schools. + + + Conduct + a national child labor survey, including research to determine the activities carried + out by children in all sectors in which children are known to work, to inform policies and social programs. + + + Continue to cooperate with child + protection agencies, pursuant to Article 2.1.10 of the Revitalized Agreement on the + Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, to disarm, immediately release + children in armed groups, and transfer them to appropriate + social services providers. Ensure that the + rehabilitation services provided to child soldiers are sufficient. + + + Increase the scope of + social programs to reach more children at risk of child labor, including those involved in commercial sexual exploitation, agricultural work, and work with livestock, as well as those from low income families, those living in rural areas, and girls. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Alternative Education System -- including its Accelerated Learning Program, Community Girls' Schools, and the Pastoralist Education Program -- all of which aim to improve literacy and provide out-of-school populations an alternative approach to formal education. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + + + Sri Lanka + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sri-lanka + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Sri Lanka made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government amended the Children and Young Persons Ordinance to raise the age of majority from 16 to 18 to align this law with international standards. The Department of Labor also expanded its Child Labor-Free Zone model, a program to identify and financially support children engaged in child labor, to four additional districts throughout the country. In addition, the Children and Women’s Bureau of the Sri Lankan Police conducted an exercise to identify street children engaged in begging in four locations, which resulted in those children being referred to appropriate social services. Moreover, the government worked with the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund to implement a $34 million campaign to support children's school attendance, nutrition, and safety in response to the economic crisis. However, children in Sri Lanka are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced domestic work. Research indicates that some children in rural areas face barriers to accessing education, including difficulties in traveling to school, an inadequate number of teachers, and challenges with registration for migrant children. Furthermore, the labor inspectorate lacked sufficient staffing and funding to carry out an adequate number of inspections, including in factories in the northern and eastern provinces. + + + + 5-14 + 0.008 + 28515 + 0.421 + 0.219 + 0.36 + + + 5-14 + 0.98 + + + 7-14 + 0.009 + + + 0.982 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 1414103 + 587 + Yes + Yes + 70089 + 11 + 2 + 2 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + 19 + 3 + 0 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Provide investigators with additional funding and adequate resources -- including transportation, fuel, computers, and facilities to record evidence, and human resources -- to adequately investigate forced labor, child trafficking, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Provide adequate staffing in the northern and eastern provinces for the labor inspectorate to carry out inspections. + + + Ensure laborinspectors have the authority to inspect private residences forviolations against child workers regardless of whether a complaint is received. + + + Establish areferralmechanismto ensure that child laborers identified through inspections receive support services that address their needs. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement policies related to child labor in Sri Lanka and publish results from activities implemented on an annual basis. + + + + + Ensure that the definition of child labor used in national child labor surveys to calculate child labor statistics aligns with international standards so that the estimated population of children in child labor in the Child Activity Survey is correct. + + + Improve access to education by addressing difficulties with transportation to schools, teacher shortages, an inadequate number of high schools in rural areas, and barriers related to enrollmentdocuments. + + + Institute programs to address vulnerabilities to child labor, particularly for ethnic minorities, in tea estates and in coastal, agricultural, mining, and firewood-producing areas. + + + Reinstate school meal programs in order to support school attendance. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work in Sri Lanka + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-fundamental-principles-and-rights-work-sri-lanka + + + Emergency Response to Child Labor in Selected Tsunami Affected Areas in Sri Lanka + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SriLanka_Tsunami_CLOSED_0.pdf + + - - Argentina - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/argentina - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2021, Argentina made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government conducted and published a study examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and child labor prevalence. It also reported completing more than 50 targeted actions outlined in the National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking, which included measures to address child pornography. Meanwhile, the national coordination mechanism to eradicate child labor launched an action plan to improve government cooperation with the private sector in addressing child labor. Similarly, the Ministry of Labor enacted a new policy to improve anti-child labor coordination efforts at the sub-national level. However, children in Argentina are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the transport, sale, and distribution of drugs. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information about its labor law enforcement efforts and the labor inspectorate remains understaffed to adequately address child labor issues in the country. - - - Blueberries - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Garlic - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Grapes - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Olives - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Strawberries - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tomatoes - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Yerba Mate (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.053 - 371771 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.989 - - - 7-14 - 0.062 - - - 0.987 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 357 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 8731 - 8731 - 11 - 11 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 16 - 10 - 11 - 6 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate budget, the number of child labor violations identified for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. - - - Ensure law enforcement officials have adequate funding and resources to carry out their operations. - - - Strengthen the capacity of Argentina's judiciary and police to investigate human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation cases. - - - - - Improve government coordination, particularly between national and local government entities, in the provision of services to victims of all forms of child labor, including for children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Publish information on activities taken under key policies to address child labor, forced labor, and human trafficking. - - - - - Develop specific programs that target child labor in sectors in which child labor is prevalent, including street begging. - - - Increase funding for shelters and assistance to girl victims of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Multi-stakeholder Strategy for Child Labor Elimination in Agriculture in Argentina - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/multi-stakeholder-strategy-child-labor-elimination-agriculture-argentina - - - Improving the Capacity of Labor and Agriculture Stakeholders to Address Child Labor in Agricultural Areas of Argentina Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/improving-capacity-labor-and-agriculture-stakeholders-address-child-labor - - - Project to Promote Workplace-Based Training for Vulnerable Youth in Argentina - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-promote-workplace-based-training-vulnerable-youth-argentina - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network (GAN) National Networks - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 - - - Evidence to Action: Increasing the Impact of Research to Mobilize Efforts against Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/evidence-action-increasing-impact-research-mobilize-efforts-against-forced-labor - - - - - Armenia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/armenia - Europe and Eurasia - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Armenia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government nearly doubled the staffing of their labor inspectorate from 27 inspectors to 50, with additional funding and intentions to hire more than 90 inspectors in the near future. The Health and Labor Inspection Body also held regular trainings for inspectors around the country and entered into an agreement with the Agricultural University to train students on labor issues, including child labor and human trafficking. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Armenia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law that delays advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Labor inspectors still lack the authority to conduct unannounced inspections, despite receiving additional authority in 2021. The lack of unannounced inspections may leave potential violations of child labor laws and other labor abuses undetected in workplaces. Children in Armenia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. The government does not routinely collect or maintain official data on child labor. In addition, the minimum age for work does not meet international standards because labor legislation does not apply to children working in the informal sector. Lastly, the laws criminalizing commercial sexual exploitation of children are insufficient because they do not explicitly criminalize those engaging in commercial sex involving children. - - - - 5-14 - 0.07 - 24602 - 0.939 - 0.005 - 0.057 - - - 5-14 - 0.954 - - - 7-14 - 0.086 - - - 0.932 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - $2.8 million - 50 - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 544 - 29 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 1 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that labor legislation covers children working in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that Armenian law specifies the types of light work acceptable for children ages 14 to 15. - - - Facilitate enforcement of labor law by codifying a definition of forced labor. - - - Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. - - - - - Ensure that the Health and Labor Inspection Body is empowered to conduct unannounced inspections routinely, and not just in response to complaints. - - - Empower inspectors to conduct inspections regardless of whether the business director or acting director is present. - - - Draft and approve inspection checklists that fully empower the Health and Labor Inspection Body to conduct inspections for child labor violations in all industries and ensure that such inspections are carried out. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by increasing the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Publish information on the number of child labor investigations, violations found, and prosecutions initiated. - - - Provide regular refresher courses for labor inspectors. - - - Protect children by providing law enforcement officials with specialized training on interviewing survivors of child trafficking. - - - Implement existing witness protection mechanisms to protect survivors of child trafficking who cooperate with law enforcement. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to address all worst forms of child labor in all sectors, including in street work, services, and agriculture. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Improve understanding of child labor issues in Armenia by regularly collecting and maintaining data on child labor. - - - Ensure that all children, including girls, children in remote areas, those from low-income families and families that travel for seasonal labor, and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have equal access to education. - - - Strengthen support for potential victims through measures in the educational system to identify truant children and ensure they are not engaged in child labor. - - - Ensure the availability of out-of-care services for deinstitutionalized children in parallel with increased efforts to prevent institutionalization of children and ensure that children currently residing in government institutions are not engaged in child labor. - - - Ensure that mainstream education is accessible to children with special education needs and children with disabilities by improving the accessibility of the physical infrastructure and increasing the availability of special education teachers and other specialists for students with mental disabilities. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Family Benefits Program and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - Implement programs to address child labor in street work and in agriculture. - - - Allocate sufficient personnel and resources to publicize and provide social services throughout the country, offer sufficient training to services providers, and assign reasonable caseloads - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - - - Azerbaijan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/azerbaijan - Europe and Eurasia - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Azerbaijan made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased its provision of training to address human trafficking and the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population began developing a new Decent Work Country Program in conjunction with the International Labor Organization. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Azerbaijan is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it has not rescinded a law that delays advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In 2017, the government extended a moratorium on labor inspections, including worksite inspections, until 2021. During the reporting period, the moratorium was then extended through January 1, 2023. There was no indication of when onsite inspections would resume, and while inspectors can conduct desk reviews in response to complaints, this lack of proactive or onsite inspection mechanisms may leave potential violations of child labor laws undetected in workplaces. Children in Azerbaijan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging. Coordinating bodies, including the State Committee on Family, Women and Children's Affairs, lack the capacity to effectively carry out their mandates. In addition, police often treat children forced to beg or engage in street work as a family issue, leading to some cases not being properly referred for criminal investigation and prosecution; however, police took initial steps in 2021 to identify child victims of forced begging and refer them to local shelters for assistance. - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.045 - 70034 - 0.919 - 0.008 - 0.072 - - - 6-14 - 0.943 - - - 7-14 - 0.049 - - - 0.995 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 19 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 180 - Yes - Unknown - N/A - Yes - 0 - 0 - 1 - 1 - 1 - No - N/A - No - N/A - Yes - Yes - No - 0 - 0 - 0 - 1 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that all working children are protected by law, including children working without a written employment agreement or outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. - - - Criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution and the use and offering of children for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. - - - - - Resume routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections, including in response to complaints, to ensure that child labor laws are enforced. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s operations, including funding levels and training provided to labor inspectors. - - - Ensure that children identified by law enforcement as engaged in child labor are referred to social services centers or other services, as appropriate, so that they do not return to child labor. - - - Increase law enforcement investigations related to child labor outside Baku. - - - Screen for forced labor indicators in child begging situations, including those referred by NGOs, and as appropriate, investigate and prosecute forcing children to beg as a criminal offense. - - - - - Increase coordination between law enforcement agencies to enforce child labor laws. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates, including across different agencies and levels of government. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as hazardous work in agriculture. - - - Revise policies on priority crops that mandate production targets to help prevent child labor in agriculture. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that children from marginalized groups and children with disabilities have equal access to education. - - - Ensure that undocumented children are able to access education. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that NGO-run shelters for victims of human trafficking are sufficiently and consistently funded to provide adequate services to victims. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - - - Bangladesh - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bangladesh - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Bangladesh made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In early 2022, the government ratified International Labor Organization Convention No. 138: Convention Concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment and the International Labor Organization Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention. The government also removed 5,088 children in vulnerable situations from 23 districts through labor inspections. However, children in Bangladesh are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor in drying of fish and the production of bricks. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of garments and leather goods. The Bangladesh Labor Act does not apply to the informal sector, in which most child labor in Bangladesh occurs. In addition, penalties for child labor violations can only be imposed after a lengthy legal process and, when courts do impose them, the fines are too low to deter child labor law violations. Moreover, the government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts related to child labor. - - - Bidis (hand-rolled cigarettes) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Dried Fish - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Furniture (steel) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Glass - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Leather - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Matches - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Poultry - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Salt - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Shrimp - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Soap - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Textiles - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Jute (textiles) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.092 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.884 - - - 7-14 - 0.082 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 16+ - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 10 - No - No - - - - 5407000 - 305 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 45832 - 45832 - 7025 - 135 - 6 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those engaged in informal work in the domestic service sector. - - - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, in particular by including garment production and fish drying. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of a child for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of children for both the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the 2010 National Education Policy, which raised the age of compulsory education from fifth grade (age 10) to eighth grade (age 14), is enforced. - - - - - Ensure enforcement of citations and penalties and reduce the length of time to assess penalties for labor law violations. Make certain that penalties for child labor law violations are an adequate deterrent. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has enough resources, including resources to address high turnover of inspectors. - - - Ensure that labor inspections are conducted unannounced and during overnight shifts as well as in the export processing and special economic zones. - - - Create mechanisms for labor and criminal law enforcement to refer children involved in child labor to appropriate legal and social services. - - - Ensure that public officials who facilitate or participate in the worst forms of child labor are held accountable, including officials who accept bribes in exchange for protection from the law. - - - Collect and publish national-level data on the enforcement of criminal laws relevant to child labor, including information on the training system for investigators, and the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions attained, and penalties imposed. - - - Provide law enforcement with sufficient financial and technological resources to enforce violations involving human trafficking, forced labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor and Employment is effectively coordinating implementation of the National Plan of Action on the Elimination of Child Labor. - - - Ensure that the National Authority institution is active and funded to addresses human trafficking cases. - - - Ensure that the Rescue, Recovery, Repatriation, and Integration Task Force has the necessary authority and tools to perform its coordination functions by establishing tools to track citizens abroad, developing case management systems, and streamlining the process of repatriating human trafficking survivors. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Policy. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by removing barriers to school attendance, including increasing the capacity of the Teacher Training Institute, ensuring that there is a well-developed distance learning mechanism, and eliminating high costs for transportation and school materials. - - - Provide sufficient education services for Rohingya refugee children, remove barriers to their school attendance, and implement programs to decrease their engagement in and subjection to child labor activities. - - - Expand programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including developing and implementing programs to address child labor in the informal garment, leather, and fish drying industries. - - - Ensure that the Child Help Line and other hotlines report data on child labor complaints. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Child Labor Improvements in Bangladesh (CLIMB) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/climb - - - Preventing and Eliminating Worst Forms of Child Labor in Selected Formal and Informal Sectors in Bangladesh - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bangladesh_HazardousSectors_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Garment Factories in Bangladesh: Mainstreaming the Verification and Monitoring System for the Elimination of Child Labor, Phases 1 – 3 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bangladesh_Garment_Phases%201-3_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Belize - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/belize - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Belize made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government developed Belize's second National Child Labor Policy with plans to begin implementation in 2022. It also launched a program with the ILO and the Belize Sugarcane Farmers Association to pilot strategies to promote employment for vulnerable youth and women in the sugarcane supply chain in northern Belize. In addition, Belize achieved its first two convictions under the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Act. However, children in Belize are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture and construction. Belize does not meet the international standard for prohibitions of hazardous work because children over age 14 are permitted to work in dangerous activities such as mining, manufacturing, and construction. In addition, the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age, which may encourage children to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Citrus Fruits - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.016 - 1405 - 0.246 - 0.105 - 0.649 - - - 5-14 - 0.945 - - - 7-14 - 0.012 - - - 1.045 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 24 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 584 - 584 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - 0 - 0 - 2 - No - N/A - Unknown - Yes - No - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work is age 14 in all sectors. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which light work may be undertaken. - - - Adopt a list of hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children and ensure that all children under age 18 are prohibited from engaging in hazardous work. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children ages 16 and 17. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit the use of children in specific illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish complete information on enforcement efforts to address child labor, including labor inspectorate funding and the number of investigations. - - - Ensure that law enforcement agencies have sufficient resources, including vehicles, fuel, and inspectors, to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations. - - - Ensure that the level of inspections, including liquor license inspections, and penalties are sufficient to deter child labor law violations. - - - Provide sufficient funding and resources to allow agencies responsible for the enforcement of labor laws to fulfill their mission, including fuel and transportation. - - - Prosecute and impose criminal penalties for the worst forms of child labor, including for government officials, and ensure that courts hear and try human trafficking cases in a timely manner. - - - Improve transparency regarding the status of complaints that are being investigated. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor, including the Road Map to End Child Marriage and Early Unions in Belize, during the reporting period. - - - - - Conduct a comprehensive study of children’s activities to determine whether they are engaged in or at risk for involvement in the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. - - - Increase access to education by eliminating fees; improving educational facilities; hiring additional qualified teachers; providing textbooks, uniforms, and meals; and addressing language barriers for Spanish-speaking students. - - - Implement programs to address commercial sexual exploitation of children and programs to assist children working in agriculture, fisheries, and construction. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key programs related to child labor, including BOOST. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Benin - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/benin - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Benin made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Social Affairs removed 400 children from child labor as a result of social services inspections. In addition, the Administrative Census for Population Identification registered citizens without identity documents, and the Government of Benin streamlined processes for birth registration. However, children in Benin are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of cotton and crushed granite, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work and street vending. There are many barriers to education, especially for children with disabilities. In addition, the government did not publicly release information on some of its criminal law enforcement efforts, and limited resources for the adequate enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Granite (crushed) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.247 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.679 - - - 7-14 - 0.168 - - - 0.624 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 11 - No - No - - - - 189000 - 35 - Yes - No - No - No - 1015 - 1015 - 620 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Establish by law free basic public education, including lower secondary education. - - - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work. - - - - - Provide initial training, training on new laws, and refresher courses on child labor for labor inspectors and provide training on new laws for criminal law enforcement officials. - - - Publish data on labor law enforcement efforts, including penalties imposed and collected. - - - Increase financial resources to enforce laws against child labor. - - - Improve interministerial coordination in the planning and completion of labor inspections. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Expand labor inspections in sectors with a high prevalence of child labor, including quarrying. - - - Allow the labor inspectorate to freely conduct inspections in the agriculture sector as permitted by the labor code. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement data as it relates to the worst forms of child labor, including the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal offenses related to the worst forms of child labor are investigated and prosecuted under the relevant laws. - - - - - Ensure effective coordination among agencies, including by improving communication regarding the collection and sharing of data. - - - - - Dedicate adequate resources to support the implementation of all policies related to child labor and child trafficking, including the National Action Plan to Fight Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that child labor elimination and prevention strategies are integrated into the Education Sector Plan. - - - - - Increase access to education by ensuring the safety of children, especially girls, in schools, providing access to sanitation facilities and feminine hygiene products, ensuring accommodations in schools for children with disabilities, providing reliable transportation to schools, improving school infrastructure, and increasing birth registration rates. - - - Ensure that shelters have sufficient space and resources to care for survivors of child trafficking and labor exploitation. - - - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic work, commercial sexual exploitation, and agriculture; and monitor and report annually on the progress of these programs. - - - Report on the activities of government-funded retraining centers. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Education First Project - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Benin_EFP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional - - - - - Bhutan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bhutan - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Bhutan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Commission for Women and Children developed a Standard Operating Procedure for children in difficult circumstances. The commission also launched a mobile application that allows people to report violations against women and children, including child labor violations, and connects citizens to the national helpline. However, children in Bhutan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, as a result of trafficking and forced domestic work and care-giving. Bhutan’s minimum age for work is inconsistent with international standards, and education is not compulsory. The government has not adopted a national policy to address child labor, including its worst forms. The government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - 5-14 - 0.038 - 6338 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.847 - - - 7-14 - 0.033 - - - 0.821 - - - - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 13 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - - 180360 - 23 - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 998 - 998 - Unknown - N/A - N/A - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - N/A - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that laws on child labor comply with the international standard for the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery. - - - Make primary education compulsory and ensure that the compulsory age for education extends to the minimum age for employment. - - - Criminally prohibit child trafficking without needing proof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. - - - Make publicly available the legal statute that prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into Bhutan's military. - - - - - Ensure that the Department of Labor has the financial and human resources necessary to enforce labor laws and combat child labor. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive refresher trainings to carry out their duties. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement information, including initial training for new criminal investigators, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, refresher courses provided to criminal investigators, the number of investigations conducted, and the number of violations found. - - - Ensure that the labor law enforcement data are disaggregated by labor violation type to better target, prevent, and eliminate child labor, including penalties imposed on child labor violations. - - - Publish information about the referral mechanism. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies that address child labor are active and have sufficient financial and human resources to be able to carry out their mandate. - - - - - Adopt a comprehensive policy or national action plan that addresses the worst forms of child labor and includes child labor prevention strategies. - - - - - Conduct a national child labor survey, including research to determine child labor activities in farming and construction, and publish the results. - - - Implement programs to make education more accessible for children living in remote locations, children from nomadic communities and migrant populations, children with disabilities, and children who are stateless. - - - Create social programs targeting working children, particularly in agriculture, and children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work. - - - - - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Bolivia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bolivia - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Bolivia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a decree giving migrants the ability to normalize their status without paying fines, helping enroll more children in school. However, children in Bolivia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and mining. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production and harvesting of Brazil nuts. Although Bolivian law requires that apprentices attend school, it does not set a minimum age for participation in apprenticeships. In addition, Article 1 of Supreme Decree No. 1875 sets the minimum age for compulsory military service at 17, which does not comply with international standards. The government also did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - Brazil Nuts/Chestnuts - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cattle - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Corn - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Peanuts - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Silver - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Tin - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Zinc - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 7-14 - 0.154 - 286890 - 0.769 - 0.042 - 0.189 - - - 7-14 - 0.975 - - - 7-14 - 0.145 - - - 0.916 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16* - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 72 - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - No - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits child trafficking. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits children under the age of 14 from participating in apprenticeships. - - - Ensure that the law establishes 18 as the minimum age for compulsory recruitment by the state military and criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish information on child labor law enforcement, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspectors and how many inspections were conducted including at worksites, the number of child labor violations as a result of inspections, penalties imposed and collected, and whether routine and unannounced inspections were conducted. - - - Ensure that inspectors receive refresher course trainings each year. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Provide sufficient funding to increase the Ministry of Labor's capacity to ensure the adequate enforcement of child labor laws. - - - Ensure that there are systematized records or a consolidated database on the number of violations found related to child labor. - - - Establish and maintain an Office of the Child Advocate in every municipality, allocating sufficient resources from municipal-level budgets to ensure that legal protections are extended to all children who are permitted to work, that parents are assisted in registering their children for work. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement, including training for criminal investigators; whether investigators receive training on the worst forms of child labor and refresher training; and disaggregated numbers on child labor investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions. - - - Ensure that active measures are taken to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence perpetrators of crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient shelters for survivors of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking throughout the country and that survivors are not cast out of shelters. - - - Provide sufficient training, including training on human trafficking, to criminal law enforcement agencies to ensure adequate enforcement of laws related to the worst forms of child labor. Address issues of high rotation among police, prosecutors, and judges as well as judicial backlog to ensure adequate prosecution. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Establish and implement a new national policy or national action plan to address child labor, including its worst forms. - - - - - Ensure that all children, regardless of migratory status, can access education and expand national programs in rural areas to increase secondary school attendance. - - - Ensure that all social programs funded by the government that address the worst forms of child labor are active and publish information on activities each reporting period. - - - - - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - ÑAUPAQMAN PURIY KEREIMBA: Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Bolivia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/naupaqman-puriy-kereimba-combating-exploitive-child-labor-through-education-bolivia - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bolivia_CECL_Closed_0.pdf - - - Combating Mining Child Labor Through Education in Bolivia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bolivia_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bosnia-and-herzegovina - Europe and Eurasia - Yes - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Bosnia and Herzegovina made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Republika Srpska National Assembly adopted amendments to its Criminal Code to include three new categories of exploitation—servitude, forced begging, and additional forms of sexual exploitation—and introduced higher penalties for trafficking children. Additionally, the Bosnia and Herzegovina Council of Ministers adopted a national-level action plan to facilitate implementation of the Strategy to Suppress Trafficking in Human Beings in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2020–2023). However, children in Bosnia and Herzegovina are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging. Social programs dedicated to assisting children involved in forced begging do not have adequate resources, and representatives from the Ministries of Labor are not included in the National Anti-Trafficking Strike Force, which limits coordination efforts. Furthermore, laws on the minimum age for work do not meet international standards because they do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - - 5-14 - 0.089 - 44017 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.837 - - - 7-14 - 0.106 - - - 0.854 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - No - 15 - No - No - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - 15 - No - No - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - No - 15 - No - No - - - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - No - N/A - No - No - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - N/A - No - No - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - N/A - No - No - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - No - N/A - No - No - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - N/A - No - No - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - N/A - No - No - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - N/A - No - No - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - N/A - No - No - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - N/A - No - No - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - No - N/A - No - No - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - N/A - No - No - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - 12 - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - 133 - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - 31 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 105460 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 0 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - Criminalize forced labor, debt bondage, and slavery separately from human trafficking in FBiH's laws. - - - Ensure that BiH law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the laws criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups and that children are not punished for engagement in non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including forced begging and use in illicit activities. - - - Ensure that BiH law criminally prohibits using children for prostitution, production of pornography, or pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the laws of FBiH and BD criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution. - - - - - Collect and publish information on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, number of inspections conducted at worksites; and number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, and convictions. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive training on all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including hazardous work in agriculture. - - - Create an official mechanism for referring children identified during labor inspections to social services providers. - - - Ensure that children are not penalized for being victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that law enforcement judiciary officials and social services providers are trained on government protocols in detecting cases of child trafficking—including trafficking of migrant and refugee children—and are able to properly identify victims, classify violations, use referral mechanisms, and prosecute offenders according to the law. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are permitted to conduct inspections in the informal work sector. - - - Ensure that the government publishes criminal law enforcement data, including number of imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. - - - - - Ensure that all relevant ministries are represented in the Anti-Trafficking Strike Force. - - - - - Ensure that the government publishes information on policies to address child labor, including the Protocol on Cooperation and Treatment in Cases of Unlawful Behavior at the Detriment of Children in Canton Sarajevo. - - - - - Ensure that inclusive education initiatives receive adequate funding. - - - Ensure that all children have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, accommodating children with disabilities, and preventing discrimination against minority students. - - - Ensure that all children have access to birth registration or identity documentation required to enroll in school. - - - Allow all Bosnian children in RS to access education in the Bosnian language and end the "Two Schools Under One Roof" practice to eliminate discrimination in schools based on ethnicity in FBiH. - - - Strengthen social protection measures by ensuring that programs such as Daily Centers and Centers for Social Welfare receive adequate financial and technical resources to assist vulnerable families and victims of child labor. - - - Ensure sufficient resources to provide social services and education to potential and actual victims of domestic or international human trafficking, including unaccompanied minors. - - - Ensure that government support for outreach to street children extends beyond Sarajevo. - - - Publish information on social programs to address child labor, including Assistance for Trafficking Victims. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - + + Sudan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sudan + Sub-Saharan Africa + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + Suriname + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/suriname + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Suriname made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Commission on Combating Child Labor translated television and radio programs into six languages and held awareness sessions on child labor. The government also increased the number of convictions it secured for child labor crimes andsigned bilateral and regional enforcement arrangements with French Guiana, Brazil, and Guyana that included language on joint efforts to combat cross border criminal activities, including human trafficking. In addition, the government launched a program toprovide inclusive access to all levels of education, with a specific focus on children in the interior and improving the quality of lower secondary education.However, children in Suriname are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. The compulsory education age does not reach the minimum age for employment, leaving some children vulnerable to labor exploitation. In addition, Suriname's laws do not criminally prohibit the use of a child under 16 for prostitution. The government did not report the number of child labor inspections it conducted. + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.953 + + + 7-14 + 0.073 + + + 0.804 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + + Unknown + 50 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + 0 + 0 + 10 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child + for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the military recruitment of children under age 18 into + non-state armed groups. + + + Increase + the compulsory education age from 12 to at least age 16, the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation of children, including the use of a child under age 16 for prostitution. + + + + + Publish + information on Labor Inspectorate funding. + + + Ensure that the Labor Inspectorate and the Trafficking in Persons Unit of the Suriname Police Force are sufficiently funded and adequately staffed to cover labor inspections in both the formal and informal sectors of the labor force, including in risk-prone sectors, such as in fisheries, mining, and agricultural areas in which child labor is likely to occur, particularly in the interior of the country. + + + Provide mandatory training on the worst forms of child labor, including on the effective identification of trafficking in persons victims among children, to new criminal investigators and to the Trafficking in Persons Unit of the Suriname Police Force. + + + Ensure the child labor referral system can adequately provide long-term solutions, including housing, to child labor cases that are reported to it. + + + Publish data on worksite inspections. + + + Ensure there are sufficient resources,including for travel to the interior of the country,and inspectors to proactively investigate human trafficking cases. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Develop + social programs to prevent and eradicate child labor in agriculture and mining. + + + Strengthen + social services to assist child victims ofhuman trafficking, includingcommercial sexual + exploitation. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, particularly children in the interior, by eliminating school-related fees, reducing transportation costs, increasing access to schools in remote locations, improving teacher availability, and removing requirements for documentation. + + + Ensure that all children, including children of foreign-born parents, have access to free public education regardless of citizenship and residency status, and that school registration is not used to report families without proper residential status. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + - - Botswana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/botswana - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Botswana made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government secured a conviction and imposed a 10-year sentence on an individual for forced labor of a child in domestic servitude. However, children in Botswana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in cattle herding and domestic service. Key gaps remain in the country’s legal framework, including the lack of a minimum age for compulsory education and a list of hazardous work activities for children. The government did not provide information on its labor law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. In addition, social programs do not always reach children in child labor, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.946 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 1 - 1 - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Establish provisions specifying the types of light work acceptable for children age 14. - - - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that the use of children in prostitution is criminally prohibited. - - - Establish a compulsory education age consistent with the minimum age of employment. - - - - - Publish information regarding labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient human and financial resources to adequately enforce labor laws, including on farms and cattle posts. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Botswana meets the ILO’s technical guidance. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have authorization to access worksite premises and are able to conduct inspections at farms and domestic households. - - - Publish information about criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that Ministry of Justice employees receive sufficient technical support and training, and improve coordination among agencies on issues relating to human trafficking, including services to survivors. - - - Ensure that there are adequate referral and rehabilitation services for human trafficking victims. - - - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies, such as the Education and Training Sector Strategic Plan and the Botswana National Youth Policy. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Enhance efforts to remove educational barriers and make education accessible for all children by taking measures to reduce travel distances to reach schools; address language barriers and ethnic discrimination, including a lack of school materials in indigenous languages; prevent physical and sexual violence in schools; increase resources for students with disabilities; and expand birth registration and national identification for migrants and children born outside of health facilities. - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key social programs related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - Establish official government-run shelters to assist child survivors of worst forms of child labor, while ensuring that shelters have sufficient resources to attend to the care of older children. - - - Develop programs to fully address the scope of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and cattle herding. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (TECL), Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa (TECL II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf - - - - - Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/brazil - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Brazil made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published two updated versions of the national "Dirty List" containing information on employers that the Ministry of Labor and Welfare found to be using slave labor, including that of children. It also established the Intersectoral Commission to Combat Violence Against Children and Adolescents, with the aim of consolidating public policies relevant to addressing all types of violence against children and adolescents. Furthermore, the government updated the Federal Pact for the Eradication of Forced Labor, with the objective of promoting, improving, and maximizing communication between entities involved in addressing slave labor and extending participation to all 5,000 municipalities in the country. Lastly, the Ministry of Citizenship's Monitoring System of the Child Labor Eradication Program, which tracks actions taken by state and municipal governments in support of the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor, registered 12,756 activities carried out nationwide to address child labor. However, children in Brazil are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Although Brazil made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, prohibitions against child trafficking require the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or abuse to be established for the crime of child trafficking and, therefore, do not meet international labor standards. The reported number of labor inspectors is likely not sufficient to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, and local governments lack the capacity to fully implement and monitor the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor and other social protection programs. - - - Açaí Berries - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Beef - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cashews - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Ceramics - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Charcoal - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Corn - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Garments - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Hogs - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Manioc/Cassava - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Pineapples - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Poultry - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sheep - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sisal - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Timber - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.021 - 638943 - 0.565 - 0.082 - 0.352 - - - 5-14 - 0.98 - - - 7-14 - 0.024 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 2015 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 169038 - 169038 - 1100 - 933 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws do not require the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or abuse to establish the crime of child trafficking. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Publish information regarding labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspections conducted, number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, number of child labor violations, including penalties imposed and collected. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Publish information related to criminal law enforcement efforts, such as the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions given, and imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure relevant enforcement agencies are able to coordinate on their efforts to collect data on cases regarding human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and ensure that the data are disaggregated by victims’ ages. - - - Ensure that all violators of the worst forms of child labor violations are held accountable in accordance with the law. - - - - - Ensure the Labor Justice Commission for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Working Adolescents and the Anti-Trafficking Coordination Centers carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Provide sufficient funding to ensure that the goals outlined in the National Education Plan are achieved. - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the National Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Remove barriers to education, including by ensuring an adequate number of trained teachers, sufficient schools, improving school infrastructure, and taking steps to enroll children in rural areas. - - - Support local governments in the implementation and monitoring of the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor. - - - Provide adequate resources to state governments to ensure that child trafficking victims receive appropriate social services, and ensure the availability of specialized shelters for child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america - - - Supporting the Achievement of a Child Labor-Free State in Bahia, Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Bahia_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking for Forced Labor in Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_ForcedLabor_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Brazil - Support for the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Forced Labor in Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_FL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Statistical Program for the Advocacy of the Elimination of Child Labor in Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Footwear Industry of Vale dos Sinos, Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment (COFFEE) Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project - - - CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Consolidating and Disseminating Efforts to Combat Forced Labor in Brazil and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/consolidating-and-disseminating-efforts-combat-forced-labor-brazil-and-peru-0 - - - - - British Virgin Islands - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/british-virgin-islands - Europe and Eurasia - No - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the British Virgin Islands, in 2021, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. There is no list of hazardous work prohibited for children in the British Virgin Islands, nor does the law prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.981 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. - - - Ensure that the commercial sexual exploitation of girls ages 16-17 and boys is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that all children can attend school by eliminating prohibitive school costs and violence in schools. - - - - - No - No - Yes - + + Taiwan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/taiwan + Indo-Pacific + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Fish + No + Yes + No + + - - Burkina Faso - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burkina-faso - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Burkina Faso made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government developed an implementation plan for the National Strategy to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor for the period of 2022 to 2023. It also signed a memorandum of understanding with Nigeria to address human trafficking and completed a national child labor survey. However, children in Burkina Faso are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in farming and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in artisanal gold mining. The Labor Code does not identify the activities in which children may engage in light work. The government also lacked resources for the enforcement of child labor laws and did not release information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Granite - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.357 - 849922 - 0.8 - 0.056 - 0.144 - - - 10-14 - Unavailable - - - 10-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.649 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 20 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws determine the activities in which light work may be permitted. - - - - - Ensure that labor law enforcement receives sufficient human and financial resources to fulfill its mandates, including hiring enough labor inspectors to meet ILO recommendations, conducting an adequate number of inspections, and following up after preliminary inspections to ensure remediation of notices to comply with labor law obligations. - - - Publish statistics on labor law enforcement efforts, including the labor inspectorate's funding, number of labor inspectors employed, number and type of labor inspections conducted, the number of child labor violations found, the number of penalties imposed and collected, number of inspections conducted at worksites, the number of targeted and routine inspections, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. - - - Establish and publish data on a mechanism to log all calls to the government child protection hotline and to track cases of child labor for referral to law enforcement or social services providers. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement authorities and frontline responders apply standard victim identification and referral procedures uniformly. - - - Publish statistics on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial training, refresher courses, investigations undertaken, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed, and whether a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. - - - Ensure a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services is operational. - - - Take active measures, including ensuring a mechanism is operational, to ensure that children are not inappropriately incarcerated, penalized, or physically harmed solely for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of their subjection to the worst forms of child labor, such as child soldiering. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources, such as computers and electricity, to accomplish their mandates. - - - Enhance coordination and collaborative processes and procedures among ministries, law enforcement, and social services. - - - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Establish a social program to ensure that IDP and other vulnerable children have access to education and thus reduce their risk of exposure to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees and other costs, such as uniforms, by increasing the number of schools and teachers in rural areas, ensuring access to affordable transportation, and ending violence in schools. - - - Ensure that children are registered at birth and that IDPs have access to the requisite documentation to gain access to social services, including education. - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - Expand existing programs to fully address child labor in cotton production and gold mining. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Reducing Child Labor through Education and Service (R-CLES) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reducing-child-labor-through-education-and-service-r-cles - - - Training and Education Against Trafficking (TREAT) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/BurkinaFaso_TREAT_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - West Africa Regional Mining - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Burma - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burma - Indo-Pacific - No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2021, Burma is receiving an assessment of no advancement. On February 1, 2021, the Burma military launched a coup and seized control of the state from the democratically elected civilian government. The return of a military regime and the resulting instability severely impact the ability of the Burma to fully engage in addressing the worst forms of child labor throughout the country. Burma is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated a practice of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. The national military continued to force civilians, including children, to work in non-combat roles as porters, cleaners, cooks, and agricultural laborers in conflict areas, including Rakhine, during the reporting period. While Burma took at least one step to address child labor--the drafting of a hazardous work list for children--the list was not published during the reporting period. Children in Burma are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the forced recruitment of children for use in armed conflict and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The vulnerability of Rohingya children to the worst forms of child labor remained high as many continued to be denied access to education and livelihoods because of regime restrictions on their movements. Penalties for recruitment and use of children by the military, or for the military’s use of civilian populations for forced labor, are also not sufficient for the seriousness of the crime. In addition, the regime did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Bamboo - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Beans (green, soy, yellow) - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Jade - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Palm Thatch - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Rubber - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Rubies - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Sesame - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Shrimp - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Sunflowers - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Teak - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.004 - 39370 - 0.575 - 0.112 - 0.313 - - - 5-14 - 0.953 - - - 7-14 - 0.001 - - - 0.954 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 10 - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - 5 - 5 - 5 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Finalize and publish the implementing regulations for the Child Rights Law and release a comprehensive hazardous work list that includes types of hazardous work prohibited for children, including all sectors and activities in which children engage in hazardous work. - - - Finalize and implement the draft law on domestic work and the Occupational Safety and Health Bill. - - - Finalize, enact, and implement the draft anti-trafficking in persons bill and ensure that the law does not require a demonstration of force, fraud, or coercion to constitute a child trafficking offense. - - - Ensure that the law provides criminal penalties for the use, procuring, and offering of children under age 18 in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work, as established by international standards. - - - - - Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department's mandate allows for inspections to occur in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including agriculture, mining, and fishing. - - - Ensure that labor inspections occur outside of the main urban centers. - - - Establish a complaint mechanism for the public to report use and recruitment of child soldiers and forced labor. - - - Ensure all labor inspectors receive training related to the enforcement of child labor laws. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement has sufficient resources to provide services to victims of the worst forms of child labor, including reintegration support at the Department of Rehabilitation and increasing the number of case managers at the Department of Social Welfare. - - - Ensure that prior notice of unannounced inspections is not given to factory owners, that inspectors conduct thorough inspections which include talking with workers, that inspections are provided in a timely manner, and that labor laws are consistently enforced when a violation is found. - - - Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department has sufficient funding to cover transportation costs to remote areas, equipment for labor inspector offices, including furniture, and for maintaining up-to-date data on the labor market. - - - Allow ILO to operate according to its mandate and increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Publish data related to labor law enforcement, including the labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors, training for new labor inspectors, number of labor inspections conducted, number of child labor violations found, routine inspections conducted, and whether a complaint mechanism and reciprocal referral mechanism exist. - - - Establish a permanent referral mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social services, and ensure that targeted routine inspections occur, and that initial and refresher training courses are offered for labor inspectors. - - - Continue to improve military oversight and monitoring of recruitment procedures to prevent the recruitment of children as front-line combatants by the national military and non-state armed groups in conflict areas. - - - Ensure that the penalties for the recruitment and use of children in the military are appropriate for the seriousness of the crime. - - - Publish data related to criminal law enforcement, including information on training for new criminal investigators, as well as the number of convictions and imposed penalties related to child labor. - - - Ensure that law enforcement officers, including non-specialized police units, receive training on how to pursue trafficking in persons cases to ease reliance on specialized police units, including the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Division. - - - Ensure Department of Rehabilitation and police officers are properly trained on the National Standard Operating Procedure on Return/Repatriation, Reintegration, and Rehabilitation guidelines so they can properly screen and identify victims of human trafficking. - - - Investigate and prosecute regime authorities and law enforcement officers alleged to have participated in, facilitated, or profited from human trafficking, including accepting bribes and pressuring victims not to seek legal redress against their perpetrators. - - - Enforce child labor laws to prevent the practice use by the military of the “self-reliance” policy that compels the forced labor of civilians, including children. - - - - - Ensure frequent and regular coordination, including communication, across all government ministries related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates, including the National Committee on Child Labor Eradication, UN Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting on Grave Violations Against Children, Committee for the Prevention of Grave Violations Against Children in Armed Conflicts, National Committee on Child Labor Eradication, Central Body for the Suppression of Trafficking in Persons, and the Township Committees of the Rights of the Child. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as armed conflict by non-state armed groups, forced child labor, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement all policies, including the Myanmar Child Labor Eradication Project, Joint Action Plan with the UN to Prevent the Recruitment and Use of Children for Military Purposes, Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan, Myanmar Decent Work Country Programme, and Third 5-Year National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons, and that data on these activities are published. - - - - - Publish the results from the 2019 survey data collected by the Ministry of Labor, Immigration, and Population, and statistics about the number of complaints received, including information related to child labor. - - - Remove all restrictions on Rohingya access to education in Rakhine State, including a lack of schools, school closures in conflict areas, movement restrictions, and discriminatory policies and practices, including segregated schools. - - - Allow Rohingya children to attend school, regardless of citizenship status, to decrease their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Develop and implement education programs that reduce physical barriers for children who live long distances from schools, eliminate prohibitive expenses for attending school, and accommodate children who face language barriers, including those from ethnic communities. - - - Develop and implement a program that ensures the safe return of Rohingya refugees, including children, to the Rakhine State. - - - Establish a system to allow for ILO follow-up on cases referred to the National Complaints Mechanism for Forced Labor, address the issue of decentralization of responsibility, and ensure that the government communicates important developments to all stakeholders in a timely fashion. - - - Develop and implement programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including forced child labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Provide sufficient resources to improve victim assistance and reintegration services to victims of forced labor. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the UNICEF and World Vision-operated hotlines for reporting suspected cases of child recruitment or use of children in armed conflict during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - My-PEC: Myanmar Program on the Elimination of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/my-pec-myanmar-program-elimination-child-labor-0 - - - - - Burundi - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burundi - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Burundi made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Burundi developed its first ever data management system to track human trafficking cases and passed a new migration law intended to permit official intervention in cases of international trafficking in persons. The government also established a permanent commission to coordinate anti-trafficking in persons efforts. However, children in Burundi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Burundi lacks a compulsory education age that is equal to the minimum age for work, and the government failed to provide comprehensive criminal law enforcement data related to the worst forms of child labor. Other challenges remain, including a lack of resources to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations; a lack of well-trained educators and poor infrastructure in the education sector; and insufficient social programs to address child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.332 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.694 - - - 7-14 - 0.305 - - - 0.529 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - - 2589 - 40 - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the use of children in illicit activities is criminally prohibited with possible penalties beyond fines. - - - Establish by law a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that all children are protected from hazardous work activities, including in agriculture, in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Conduct targeted inspections in sectors and geographic areas in which child labor is known to be prevalent, including in agriculture and the informal sector. - - - Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts, including number of inspections conducted, number of violations identified, and number of penalties imposed and collected. - - - Ensure that the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections and that inspections cover all areas of the country. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Provide sufficient funding and resources to the Inspector General of Work and Social Security to cover needs such as fuel costs, per diem, office supplies, and vehicles. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts including whether initial training is provided to investigators, the number of investigations conducted, violations identified, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained related to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive adequate training on laws pertaining to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies and other agencies responsible for responding to human trafficking have the resources, guidance, and capacity necessary to investigate cases and provide services to victims. - - - Strengthen referral mechanisms between law enforcement agencies, social services, and civil society organizations to ensure that cases are properly investigated, victims receive services, and child victims are not punished for the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Employment participates in the Multisector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor. - - - Improve the capacity of the Multisector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor to ensure coverage in areas outside of the capital city. - - - Ensure the viability of established coordinating mechanisms by dedicating regular funding for their operation. - - - Improve training and coordination among anti-trafficking in persons stakeholders. - - - - - Adopt policies that address all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national child labor action plan and a national trafficking in persons action plan. - - - - - Collect and publish data on child labor prevalence across relevant sectors. - - - Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; increasing the number of well-trained educators; expanding infrastructure to accommodate the needs of female and disabled students; and increasing birth registration rates for populations such as the Batwa ethnic group. - - - Institute new programs and expand existing ones in sectors in which child labor is prevalent, including in agriculture. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Cabo Verde - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cabo-verde - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Cabo Verde made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government amended the Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure to increase penalties for sexual crimes committed against children, notably those between the ages of 14 and 16. These amendments also increase penalties by one-third in situations involving family relationships or guardianships, and attribute accountability not only to perpetrators but also to those who assist in the victimization of children. In addition, the Cabo Verdean Institute for Children and Adolescents launched a program to ensure that children remain in school and stay off the streets. Furthermore, a National Plan to Prevent and Combat Sexual Violence Against Children and Adolescents, along with a National Communications Strategy for the Prevention and Combat of Sexual Violence were approved. In 2021, Maio Island recorded zero cases of child labor after having recorded the highest number of cases in the country during the previous reporting period, due to extensive awareness-raising efforts conducted throughout the island and increased collaboration between relevant agencies. However, children in Cabo Verde are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Laws prohibiting forced labor are not sufficient as they do not criminalize practices similar to slavery or debt bondage and forced or compulsory labor. In addition, communication among law enforcement agencies is limited and social programs to assist children involved in agriculture and domestic work are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem. - - - - 10-14 - 0.032 - 2392 - 0.792 - 0.072 - 0.137 - - - 5-14 - 0.901 - - - 10-14 - 0.017 - - - 1.0 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 21 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 1087 - 1087 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 1 - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery and practices similar to slavery, including debt bondage and forced or compulsory labor. - - - Prescribe by law the number of hours per week and conditions under which light work may be undertaken. - - - - - Publish information on labor inspectorate funding and ensure that the number of labor inspectors is sufficient to cover the country's workforce. - - - Ensure that the Inspector General for Labor is provided with an adequate budget to fulfill all its needs. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators receive sufficient financial and human resources to conduct thorough investigations, including investigations of child labor. - - - Make criminal law enforcement data publicly available, including information on training for new criminal investigators, whether refresher courses are provided, and the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Develop a system to compile and share comprehensive anti-trafficking in persons and victim identification data among criminal enforcement agencies to improve coordination efforts. - - - Ensure that the judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be prosecuted in a timely manner. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that special needs students and children in remote areas have equal access to education, including by providing adequate transportation. - - - Conduct awareness-raising activities on human trafficking, including child sex tourism, on all nine inhabited islands. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - - - Cambodia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cambodia - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Cambodia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched its first five-year National Action Plan to Prevent and Respond to Online Child Sexual Exploitation (2021-2025). The government also held campaigns and workshops to raise awareness about child labor and gender equity in the freshwater fishing sector. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Cambodia is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued practices that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to take active measures to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials who participate in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation of children and debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. In addition, judges were reported to have accepted bribes in return for dismissal of charges, acquittal, and reduced sentencing for individuals committing such crimes, especially for those with alleged ties to the government. Children in Cambodia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced labor in brickmaking. In addition, the government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - Alcoholic Beverages - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bovines - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Manioc/Cassava - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Meat - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Salt - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Shrimp - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Textiles - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Timber - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.075 - 243371 - 0.768 - 0.055 - 0.178 - - - 5-14 - 0.876 - - - 7-14 - 0.063 - - - 0.92 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - - Unknown - 602 - Yes - Unknown - No - Yes - 176 - 45 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those engaged in informal work in domestic work and employed by their relatives. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of a child for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Build the capacity of labor law enforcement authorities to enforce child and forced labor regulations by providing more technical training opportunities on how to properly identify child labor during inspections, and offer sufficient resources to labor law authorities to ensure the enforcement of child labor laws through investigations and inspections, including unannounced inspections. - - - Ensure and permit labor inspectors conduct inspections in the construction and entertainment sectors, and penalties are imposed where child labor violations are found. - - - Ensure inspectors of construction sites are trained on child labor violations and that such training is coordinated with MOLVT's labor inspectorate. - - - Ensure the labor inspectorate conducts unannounced inspections as a matter of practice, not only when requests are made or violations are reported. - - - Establish and uniformly administer penalties for violations of laws on child labor, including its worst forms, in accordance with the parameters prescribed by law. - - - Collect, properly store, and publicly release disaggregated data on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, initial training for new criminal investigators, routine inspections conducted, the number of prosecutions initiated, the number of convictions, and the number of imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that malfeasance is addressed in all law enforcement agencies, including not accepting bribes to influence the outcome of cases or forging identity documents for trafficking in persons purposes, providing tip offs in advance of raids, and investigating and prosecuting politically connected individuals and government officials who are complicit in facilitating and profiting from the worst forms of child labor, including debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. - - - Ensure that all criminal law enforcement officials are sufficiently trained on the techniques of how to conduct anti-trafficking work, particularly those located in rural areas and in brick kilns. - - - Ensure that funding for criminal law enforcement agencies is sufficient to cover all expenses, including transportation costs, for law enforcement officials. - - - Address the misuse of resources by law enforcement officials to convict defendants for politically motivated reasons, and ensure that all individuals accused of commercial sexual exploitation of children are prosecuted and charged according to the law. - - - Protect and prevent intimidation of trafficking victims and allow them access to protection services pending court proceedings. - - - - - Ensure that the Commune Committees for Women and Children are able to carry out their intended mandate. - - - Increase funding for the Commune Committees for Women and Children. - - - Ensure that annual reports produced by the National Committee for Counter Trafficking are comprehensive. - - - Improve inter‐ministerial coordination by allowing ILO to participate in meetings of the National Committee on Countering Child Labor. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Third 5-Year National Plan of Action on the Suppression of Human Trafficking, Smuggling, Labor, and Sexual Exploitation (2019–2023) during the reporting period. - - - - - Publish the results of the 2019 nationwide child labor survey. - - - Strengthen child protection services, gatekeeping mechanisms and the alternative care system to reduce the number of children unnecessarily placed in residential care and ensure that Residential Care Facilities and orphanages protect the health and well-being of children living in them. - - - Increase access to free basic education by eliminating unofficial school-related fees; addressing issues related to limited transportation and inadequate school infrastructure, including the number of teachers, and the need for a birth certificate to enroll in school; eliminating barriers to school for children with disabilities; and providing safe, sanitary schools with access to water and latrines. - - - Establish a system to accurately capture and monitor the reintegration of victims of the worst forms of child labor, including human trafficking. - - - Expand social protection safety nets in rural areas to ensure that poor children and their families have access to services that may mitigate the risk of involvement in child labor. - - - Provide sufficient resources to all social programs so that they can fully address the extent of child labor in Cambodia, including online sexual exploitation of children. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- -addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean - - - Cambodians EXCEL: Eliminating eXploitative Child Labor through Education and Livelihoods - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cambodians-excel-eliminating-exploitative-child-labor-through-education-and - - - To Contribute to Developing National Capacities to Achieve the 2015 National Child Labor Reduction Targets and the ILO Global Targets for Ending the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cambodia by 2016 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Children's Empowerment through Education Services (CHES): Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cambodia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_CHES_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Reintegration of Trafficked Women - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TraffickedWomen_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Support to the Cambodian National Plan of Action on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor: A Time-Bound Approach - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Options: Combating Child Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation Through Education - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_OPTIONS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Hazardous Work in Salt Production, Rubber Plantations and Fish/Shrimp Processing Sectors in Cambodia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_HazardousSectors_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Other: External Audits of USDOL Funded Projects - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_RoundV_IPEC_FY08_0.pdf - - - - - Cameroon - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cameroon - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Cameroon made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the "Zero Children in Gold Mines" program to address child labor in the gold mining sector. The government also convened meetings at the level of the technical secretariat for the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Trafficking in Persons, where it adopted an Operational Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants. However, children in Cameroon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in the recruitment by non-state armed groups for use in conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in cocoa production and gold mining. In addition, the government has not addressed gaps in Cameroon's legal framework regarding the prohibition of use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, and the prohibition of the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.437 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.8 - - - 7-14 - 0.424 - - - 0.655 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - - 1840000 - 223 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 5348 - Unknown - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - No - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - Establish a minimum age for compulsory education that is consistent with the minimum age for admission to work. - - - Criminally prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Establish, by law, free basic public education. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion to be considered child trafficking, and that all children under age 18 are protected. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include work at dangerous heights and underwater. - - - - - Establish a mechanism for the Ministry of Labor and Social Security to receive child labor complaints. - - - Collect and publish statistics on the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate and criminal law enforcement agencies receive an adequate amount of funding, training, and resources with which to conduct inspections and investigations. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by conducting inspections in all sectors, including the mining sector and the informal sector. - - - Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on enforcement efforts, including the number of criminal labor law violations found, the number of investigations, the number of prosecutions, and the number of convictions. - - - Ensure that the National Referral System and Standard Operating Procedures work effectively to coordinate the identification and assistance of human trafficking victims. - - - Ensure that criminal offenses related to the worst forms of child labor are investigated and prosecuted. - - - - - Ensure that existing coordinating bodies are active and receive sufficient resources to carry out their stated mandates. - - - Ensure that relevant agencies share criminal law enforcement data with the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Trafficking in Persons. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement NDS30 National Development Strategy (2020–2030) and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Ensure that internally displaced and refugee children have access to education, and ensure that schools remain free from violence and are not re-appropriated for other purposes. - - - Make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. - - - Ensure that children are able to access education by eliminating or defraying the cost of school fees, books, and uniforms. - - - Ensure that the number of schools, teachers, potable water sources, and sanitation facilities are adequate throughout the country. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem in Cameroon. - - - Ensure that all government-run centers have sufficient space to accommodate victims of child trafficking and children engaged in street work and domestic work. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Central African Republic - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/central-african-republic - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, the Central African Republic made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Parliament passed legislation authorizing the ratification of the International Labor Organization Convention 190 on Violence and Harassment, which reaffirms the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the effective abolition of child labor. The government also created an alert system for reporting child labor violations. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Central African Republic is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it implemented a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Government security forces recruited children for support roles and coordinated with an armed group that recruited and used children in armed conflict. Children in the Central African Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including recruitment and use in armed conflict and forced labor in diamond mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture and domestic work. Other gaps remain, as the Central African Republic does not meet the international standard for minimum age protections since the law does not cover children working in the informal sector. - - - Diamonds - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.308 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.681 - - - 7-14 - 0.397 - - - 0.547 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 1727 - 167 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 28 - 10 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - 329 - 1 - 1 - No - N/A - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - Publish the laws establishing the compulsory education age. - - - Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, and ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient financial resources to enforce child labor laws. - - - Publish complete labor enforcement data, including the number of child labor violations found, penalties imposed, and penalties collected. - - - Publish complete criminal law enforcement data, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. - - - Ensure that regional labor inspection offices are under the supervision and control of a central authority, and that regional inspectors are able to conduct inspections outside of Bangui, where many mining operations take place. - - - Ensure that the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections. - - - Ensure that civil penalties are imposed for child labor law violations. - - - Ensure that referral mechanisms for children found in child labor situations are well-funded and fully operational. - - - Ensure that children used in armed conflict are not imprisoned and are granted access to social services providers and humanitarian assistance. - - - Ensure that judicial and criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient funding and training and ensure that citizens can report violations and access formal judicial processes throughout the country. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to address all forms of child labor, including in mining. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Political Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the National Strategy to Fight Gender-Based Violence and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that signatories to the Political Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation uphold their commitments to these plans, including ceasing the recruitment and use of children. - - - - - Improve access to education for all children, including in rural areas, regardless of IDP status or religious affiliation, by eliminating school-related fees, making additional efforts to provide all children with birth registration, ensuring that ethnic and religious minorities are not denied access to education, establishing an adequate number of teachers and classrooms throughout the country, and ensuring that schools are safe spaces and free from armed groups. - - - Ensure that social programs to address the worst forms of child labor are funded and implemented in accordance with their mandates. - - - Expand programs to assist former child soldiers and children associated with armed groups, support their reintegration into society, and improve coordination among relevant actors. - - - Allocate sufficient resources and implement programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and child labor in mining, throughout the country. - - - - - No - No - No - - - - Chad - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/chad - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Chad made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government created a National Referral Mechanism that outlines standard operating procedures for suspected cases of trafficking in persons, including those involving children. In addition, the government created a Multi-sectoral Technical Committee Against Migrant Smuggling and Human Trafficking and with the assistance of the International Organization for Migration, provided training on trafficking in persons to judicial officials. However, children in Chad are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in cattle herding and domestic work. In addition, the government did not provide sufficient data on law enforcement efforts and has no active policies to address child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.458 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.391 - - - 7-14 - 0.27 - - - 0.406 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 36 - Yes - No - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - No - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws specifically prohibit children from being used, offered, or procured for illicit activities. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that the roles of enforcement agencies are well-known and understood by the public. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by providing inspectors with sufficient resources—including training, transportation, and budget allocations—to conduct inspections in both the formal and informal sectors. - - - Collect, store, and publish data on law enforcement efforts in a central database, including information about labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of inspections conducted, whether violations were found, penalties imposed, and fees collected, and the number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed. - - - Establish a mechanism for the Ministry of Public Service, Employment, and Social Dialogue to receive child labor complaints. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies are sufficiently funded, law enforcement officers are trained, and existing penalties are enforced according to the law. - - - Ensure that the judicial system receives sufficient resources, including training and funding for infrastructure, to effectively prosecute cases and manage data on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure a sufficient number of service providers are available for child survivors of trafficking so victims are not housed with their traffickers. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating committees are active and receive adequate resources to carry out their mandates. - - - - - Adopt a policy to address all relevant worst forms of child labor in Chad and ensure that existing policies are fully funded and implemented. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period and that data on these activities are published. - - - - - Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees; increasing the number of schools, grade levels, classrooms, and teachers available throughout the country, including for children in refugee camps; implementing programs to increase enrollment of girls; and providing accommodations for students with disabilities. - - - Ensure that all children are issued birth certificates, which may be required for school enrollment. - - - Ensure that existing programs receive adequate funding to support victims of child labor throughout the country, and that programs are implemented as intended. - - - Establish or expand programs to provide services to children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, such as forced child labor in herding cattle, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Chile - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/chile - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Chile made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Following Chile's ratification of the International Labor Organization's Protocol on Forced Labor, the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare created the Ministerial Advisory Commission to strengthen Chile's efforts to address forced labor among adults and children. Civil servants, police officers, and detectives were also trained on human trafficking victim assistance, including videotaped investigative interviewing. In addition, the National Tourism Service established an interagency alliance with the Undersecretary of Labor's Department of Child Labor Eradication and Inter-Agency Task Force on Trafficking in Persons to organize workshops with business owners on awareness and prevention of child labor, commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor, and trafficking in persons in the tourism sector. However, children in Chile are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children are also subjected to involvement in the production and trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards. - - - - 5-14 - 0.038 - 94025 - 0.293 - 0.103 - 0.604 - - - 5-14 - 0.995 - - - 7-14 - 0.045 - - - 0.982 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 74000000 - 467 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 78050 - Unknown - 218 - 218 - 218 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that inspectors have sufficient transportation resources, such as vehicles, to carry out their duties. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children are commensurate with those for other serious crimes, and that judges do not suspend or commute such sentences. - - - Publish information on the number of investigations, criminal violations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that there are adequate shelters available for child victims of trafficking in persons. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Plan of Action for Children and Adolescents and that information on these activities are published during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that the National Action Plan Against Human Trafficking is approved at the ministerial level. - - - - - Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children working in forestry, hunting, and fishing to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that educational barriers, such as the lack of transportation to school in rural areas and discrimination of migrant children in educational settings, are addressed to prevent child labor. - - - Ensure that programs established to address child labor are properly funded and active, and that activities are published. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf - - - - - China - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/china - Indo-Pacific - - - Artificial Flowers - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Christmas Decorations - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Coal - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Electronics - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Fireworks - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Fish - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Footwear - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Garments - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Gloves - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Hair Products - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Lithium-Ion Batteries - No - No - No - Yes - Congo, Democratic Republic of the - - - Nails - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Photovoltaic Ingots - No - No - No - Yes - China - - - Photovoltaic Wafers - No - No - No - Yes - China - - - Polysilicon - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Solar Cells - No - No - No - Yes - China - - - Solar Modules - No - No - No - Yes - China - - - Textiles - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Thread/Yarn - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Tomato Products - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Toys - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - Christmas Island - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/christmas-island - Indo-Pacific - No - No Assessment - For the 2021 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Christmas Island's efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the territory has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - Unavailable - - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17.5 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17.5 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - NA - Yes - Yes - + + Tajikistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tajikistan + Indo-Pacific + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + Central Asia Regional Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf + + - - Cocos (Keeling) Islands - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cocos-keeling-islands - Indo-Pacific + + Tanzania + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tanzania + Sub-Saharan Africa No - No Assessment - For the 2021 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding the Cocos (Keeling) Islands' efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the territory has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. - + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, the United Republic of Tanzania made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period the Mainland government made available, for the first time in several years, complete information on its labor law efforts, identifying 74 child labor violations through 4,800 worksite inspections. The government also created a new task force to enhance efforts to prevent and respond to human trafficking offenses, including those that relate to children, and allocated financial resources to support its National Strategy on Elimination of Child Labor. However, children in Tanzania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in mining, quarrying, and domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Other gaps remain in the legal framework and enforcement of laws related to child labor, including protections for the use of children in illicit activities and domestic work and likely insufficient number of labor inspectors to monitor Tanzania's labor force. + + + Cloves + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Nile Perch + Yes + No + No + + + Sisal + Yes + No + No + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Tanzanite + Yes + No + No + + - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - Unavailable - + + 5-14 + 0.293 + 3573467 + 0.941 + 0.01 + 0.049 + + + 5-14 + 0.743 + + + 7-14 + 0.246 + + + 0.687 + - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17.5 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17.5 - No - Yes - + + No + + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 13 + No + No + - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A + $521, 739 + 87 + Yes + Yes + 4800 + 74 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - + + + Ensure that minimum age protections apply to all + children, including those engaged in domestic work. + + + Criminalize the use of children in illicit + activities, particularly in producing and trafficking drugs. + + + Criminalize the recruitment of children under age 18 + by non-state armed groups. + + + Expand the list of hazardous occupations + and activities prohibited for children to ensure that the list includes weeding and + processing in the + production of tobacco, cloves, coffee, sisal, and tea. + + + Raise the compulsory education age from 13 to 14 to align with the minimum age for work. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Increase financial resources and the number of labor inspectors from 87 to 643 ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 25.7 million people and to strengthen identification and responses to labor violations. + + + Increase material resources provided to the labor inspectorate, including office facilities, transportation and fuel. + + + Ensure that the child labor complaint mechanism has sufficientresources to carry out operations. + + + Develop mechanism for the centralized collection and publication of data relatedto the worst forms of child labor, including number of investigations, and imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that the National Education Task Force on Child Labor is active and able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Eliminate provisions in the Primary School Leaving Examination that are barriers to education, including by allowing children who initially fail the exam to retake it for consideration in secondary school admission. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible to all children in Tanzania by ensuring adequate resources for children with disabilities and learning disorders; increasing resources for teachers, classrooms, food, and sanitation facilities; and defraying informal costs imposed on families, including school uniforms, books, and other learning materials. + + + Integrate programs that include the agricultural, domestic work, fishing, and informal sectors to address children engaged in child labor. + + + Broaden mechanisms to facilitate the reenrollment of girls who leave school during pregnancy. + + + Improve harmonization of child labor prevention and elimination measures into the Social Action Fund Conditional Cash Transfer Program to increase its effectiveness in preventing and eliminating child labor. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement theSocial Action Fund Conditional Cash Transfer Programduring the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. + + - NA - Yes - Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes - - - Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/colombia - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2021, Colombia made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government amended the Penal Code, increasing penalties for aggravating factors in crimes of human smuggling and trafficking involving children. The Ministry of Labor also adopted a "Guide for the Identification of Possible Cases of Trafficking in Persons for the Purpose of Forced Labor" to help labor inspectors identify forced labor crimes. The Intersectoral Commission for the Prevention of the Recruitment and Use of Children by Illegal Armed Groups published an extensive report analyzing the incidence and patters of the recruitment, use, and sexual violence against children carried out by illegal armed and criminal groups for the 2016–2020 period. The Ministry of the Interior also developed and implemented the national trafficking in persons prevention plan "Zero Complicity," which focused on strengthening trafficking prevention efforts and includes a public awareness campaign. In addition, the government introduced the "Katunaa Modality" social program designed to protect the fundamental rights of children ages 6 to 13, including with regard to child labor, sexual violence, and intra-family violence. However, children in Colombia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government does not employ a sufficient number of labor inspectors. Research also indicates that existing social programs are insufficient to address the scope of the worst forms of child labor in Colombia. - - - Bricks (clay) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coal - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coca (stimulant plant) - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Emeralds - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fruit (Pome and Stone) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Grapes - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.025 - 210431 - 0.473 - 0.167 - 0.36 - - - 5-14 - 0.937 - - - 7-14 - 0.025 - - - 1.068 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 1400000 - 885 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 13018 - Unknown - 1 - 0 - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 2457 - 2444 - 316 - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Improve the case management system to track the entire criminal proceeding process through sentencing. - - - Publish information on the number of inspections conducted at worksites. - - - Publish information on whether criminal investigators received initial training and the number of convictions for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Expand efforts to improve access to education for all children, including by ensuring adequate transportation to school, improving school infrastructures, and addressing violence at school. - - - Expand social programs to sufficiently address the scope of the worst forms of child labor, particularly commercial sexual exploitation, forced begging, and recruitment for use in illicit activities. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment (COFFEE) Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project - - - CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf - - - Equal Access to Quality Jobs for Women and Girls in Agriculture (EQUAL) in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/equal-access-quality-jobs-women-and-girls-agriculture-equal-colombia - - - Pilares: Building the Capacity of Civil Society to Combat Child Labor and Improve Working Conditions in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/pilares-building-capacity-civil-society-combat-child-labor-and-improve-working - - - Colombia Avanza - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/colombia-avanza - - - Somos Tesoro (We Are a Treasure): Project to Reduce Child Labor in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/somos-tesoro-we-are-treasure-project-reduce-child-labor-colombia - - - Promoting Compliance with International Labor Standards - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-compliance-international-labor-standards - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Exploitative Child Labor Through Education in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Small-Scale Mining in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Palma Futuro: Preventing and Reducing Child Labor and Forced Labor in Palm Oil Supply Chains - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/palma-futuro-preventing-and-reducing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-palm-oil-supply - - - - - Comoros - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/comoros - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Comoros made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Comoros ratified the Forced Labor Protocol, which commits the country to taking effective measures to prevent forced labor, protect victims, and ensure victim access to judicial recourse. The government also modified its Penal Code to increase penalties for the use of children in drug trafficking and opened a new center in Grand Comore for vulnerable and abused children. However, children in Comoros are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in agriculture. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Comoros' Labor Code only applies to workers with a formal work agreement, leaving child laborers, particularly those in the informal sector, vulnerable to exploitation. In addition, the legal framework defines child trafficking as requiring the use of force, fraud, or coercion, which does not conform with international standards. Finally, Comoros lacks a national action plan to address the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.23 - 42145 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.815 - - - 7-14 - 0.208 - - - 0.767 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 0 - 4 - Yes - Yes - No - No - 25 - 25 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - No - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions set age 13 as the minimum age, prescribe the number of hours per week that light work may be undertaken, and specify the conditions under which light work may be conducted, as defined by international standards on child labor. - - - Establish by law the right to free basic education. - - - Ensure that the law’s minimum age for work provisions and protections apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. - - - Align child sex trafficking laws with international standards by ensuring that force, fraud, or coercion are not required elements in child trafficking cases. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Provide the labor inspectorate with an operating budget for resources, training, transportation, and equipment to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. - - - Provide inspectors with appropriate training on new laws related to child labor and offer regular refresher trainings on the concepts of child labor law enforcement. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate uses its authority to conduct unannounced inspections rather than relying solely on complaints received to initiate inspections. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate fulfills its mandate to collect and publish data and statistics related to inspection efforts. - - - Establish and use a functioning reciprocal mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services. - - - Publish information on the number of criminal law investigations, violations found, penalties assessed, prosecutions initiated, and convictions related to cases of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase and improve trainings for criminal law enforcement personnel, as well as the allocation of resources, transportation, and equipment, to enhance criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period and that data on these activities are published. - - - Adopt a new National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor and develop other relevant policies to address the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, including for girls, by increasing school capacity, infrastructure, and teacher availability, and by addressing school violence. - - - Collect and publish data on the prevalence of child labor and the types of work children perform in Comoros. - - - Ensure that social program personnel, such as those in the Services d'Ecoute, have adequate and relevant training to be able to appropriately respond to the needs of child victims, including those abused by religious leaders. - - - Implement and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in agriculture and domestic work. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Congo, Democratic Republic of the - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-democratic-republic-drc - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, the Democratic Republic of the Congo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government allocated 40 percent of the national budget to primary education. The National Action Plan to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor was extended to 2025. In addition, First Lady Denise Nyakeru Tshisekedi, in collaboration with the National Committee to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor and World Vision, hosted an advocacy workshop on combating child labor. However, children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the forced mining of gold, cobalt ore (heterogenite), tin ore (cassiterite), tantalum ore (coltan), and tungsten ore (wolframite), and are used in armed conflict, sometimes as a result of forcible recruitment or abduction by non-state armed groups. Children also mine cobalt ore (heterogenite) in the Copperbelt region. The government did not publish labor or criminal law enforcement data. It also failed to take active measures to ensure that children are not inappropriately incarcerated, penalized, or physically harmed solely for unlawful acts as a direct result of being a survivor of the worst forms of child labor. Other gaps remain, including a lack of enforcement personnel, insufficient training for enforcement personnel, limited financial resources, and poor coordination of government efforts to address child labor. - - - Cobalt ore (heterogenite) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Copper - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Diamonds - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Tantalum ore (coltan) - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Tin ore (cassiterite) - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Tungsten ore (wolframite) - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.174 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.688 - - - 7-14 - 0.163 - - - 0.699 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - - Unknown - 212 - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - Unknown - 565 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - No - Yes - No - - - - - Ensure that laws sufficiently criminally prohibit the various acts involved in the trafficking process and trafficking for the purposes of forced labor. - - - - - Increase penalties for the worst forms of child labor so that they are sufficiently stringent to serve as a deterrent. - - - Collect and publish complete data on labor enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, worksite inspections, whether initial training and training on new laws were provided and the number of violations found, penalties imposed, and fines collected. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are able to conduct worksite inspections throughout the country. - - - Fully fund civil and criminal enforcement agencies, and significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement agencies receive adequate training to carry out their duties, including refresher courses as appropriate. - - - Collect and publish complete data related to criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. - - - Issue appropriate decrees to ensure that enacted laws are implemented, including those related to light work provisions. - - - Ensure that both the military and civilian criminal justice systems have the resources to investigate and prosecute child labor violations, and that judges, prosecutors, and investigators receive training on new and existing laws on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Improve coordination among relevant criminal enforcement agencies in conducting investigations, collecting data, and providing services to survivors. - - - Ensure that security forces do not subject children to human rights violations, including extortion and physical abuse, in artisanal small-scale mining operations. - - - - - Improve coordination among relevant ministries and agencies to avoid duplication of efforts and ensure that they receive adequate resources and trained personnel to address the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. - - - Ensure that the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration, and Resettlement Commission is able to coordinate the implementation of this program as intended. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure all relevant policies, national action plans, and sectoral strategies to address the worst forms of child labor are adopted, funded, and implemented as intended. - - - - - Conduct a stand-alone child labor survey to better inform child labor policies and practices along with a prevalence survey focused on mining. - - - Improve access to education by ensuring that all children are registered at birth or are issued identification documents. - - - Improve access to education for all children by regulating classroom size, training additional teachers, subsidizing fees, and building additional schools. Take steps to ensure student safety while at school and while students are in transit both to and from school facilities. Make additional efforts to prevent schools from being attacked and occupied by armed groups. - - - Expand efforts to address the needs of demobilized children and incorporate stigmatization, gender, and re-recruitment concerns into programs to reintegrate such children. - - - Establish or expand social programs designed to assist children engaged in forced labor in agriculture, mining, street work, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation, and implement existing programs as intended. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Reducing the Exploitation of Working Children Through Education - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DRC_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combatting Child Labor in the Congo, Democratic Republic of the ’s Cobalt Industry (COTECCO) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combatting-child-labor-democratic-republic-congos-cobalt-industry-cotecco - - - Global Trace Protocol Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-trace-protocol-project - - - - - Congo, Republic of the - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-republic - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, the Republic of the Congo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government conducted its first-ever nationwide child labor survey in coordination with the United Nations Children's Fund. The government also renewed a bilateral agreement with the Democratic Republic of the Congo that formalized regular bilateral collaboration to support trafficking victims and share information on suspected traffickers. In addition, the implementation of ministerial decrees aimed at protecting indigenous peoples' rights continued to result in an increase in the number of indigenous children enrolled in the school system. However, children in the Republic of the Congo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced domestic work. The government has yet to accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons, and existing programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor in all relevant sectors. In addition, the country lacks a national policy to address child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.254 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.929 - - - 7-14 - 0.271 - - - 0.716 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 248 - Yes - No - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - No - No - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - N/A - No - No - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - - - Ensure that the government establishes a formal process for referring children to the appropriate social services when they are found in situations of child labor. - - - Publish information related to labor and criminal law enforcement statistics, including the funding level for the labor inspectorate, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, number of criminal investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured. - - - Ensure that all criminal law enforcement personnel, including from the police forces, courts, and the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, are properly trained to know how to identify, recognize, prosecute, and handle worst forms of child labor cases. - - - Institutionalize training for all labor inspectors, investigators, and law enforcement officers, including offering periodic refresher courses. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring that inspectors have adequate resources to carry out their mandated inspection duties. - - - Remove barriers to enforcement and prosecution by strengthening the judicial system through improved recordkeeping, decreased court backlogs, more frequent hearings, and improved training for criminal law enforcement officials and judges on trafficking in persons legislation. - - - Expand criminal law enforcement efforts beyond large cities. - - - Ensure that criminal enforcement agencies such as the National Police are properly funded and do not seek payment from stakeholders to conduct investigations and operations. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies receive adequate resources to function as intended. - - - Establish a coordinating mechanism to address child labor, including its worst forms, at the national level. - - - Ensure that funds budgeted for the Ministry of Social Affairs, Humanitarian Action and Solidarity to address human trafficking are regularly disbursed. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt a plan that addresses all relevant forms of trafficking in persons. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing relevant policies. - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor and the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Publish the results of the national child labor survey to determine the activities carried out by working children to inform policies and programs. - - - Improve access to education for all children, including those in non-urban areas, regardless of refugee status or ethnicity, by eliminating all school-related fees, regulating classroom size, removing linguistic barriers, providing sanitation facilities, building additional schools, training additional teachers, and ensuring that students are not subjected to sexual abuse. - - - Fund and implement social programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including programs to expand access to free education and to address child domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure indigenous children do not experience discrimination or barriers to education. - - - Ensure that the "tuition waiver program" for indigenous children is consistently applied. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Cook Islands - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cook-islands - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Cook Islands, in 2021, the government made moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government approved the new National Youth Policy for 2021–2026 and opened its first Youth Hub for children, which will connect youth groups across the country in order to empower young people in their communities. Additionally, the Ministry of Internal Affairs collaborated with the United Nations Children's Fund Pacific office to draft a comprehensive report on its cash transfer program, which in part seeks to provide support to families with young children. However, the law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.224 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that the National Youth Policy includes provisions to prevent child labor. - - - Establish by law free basic public education for all children. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - NA - Yes - NA - + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations + + + WEKEZA: Wezesha Ustawi, Endeleza Kiwango cha Elimu Kuzia Ajira kwa Watoto/ INVEST: Supporting Livelihoods and Developing Quality Education to Stop Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/wekeza-wezesha-ustawi-endeleza-kiwango-cha-elimu-kuzia-ajira-kwa-watoto-invest + + + Tanzania Education Alternatives for Children + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TEACH_closed_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Tanzania - Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Education Component of the Timebound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TBP_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Tanzania + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-worst-forms-child-labor-tanzania + + - - Costa Rica - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/costa-rica - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2021, Costa Rica made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Statistics Institute published a new household survey that included a child labor component measuring labor rates for children between the ages of 12 and 17. Furthermore, the government drafted and enacted new national action plans to combat child labor and human trafficking. Costa Rica also drafted a law to address migrant smuggling in an effort to address human trafficking, and drafted modifications to its trafficking laws. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Labor implemented a new guide to assist businesses in confronting child labor. However, children in Costa Rica are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Furthermore, the labor inspectorate lacks a sufficient number of inspectors. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.065 - 46509 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.984 - - - 7-14 - 0.07 - - - 1.046 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - 8500000 - 117 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 4566 - Unknown - 0 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 15 - 15 - 5 - 2 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Publish information on the number of inspections that were conducted at worksites, and of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Allocate sufficient resources to ensure routine labor inspections in rural areas and the informal sector, including child labor inspections, particularly in agriculture. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that the judiciary, prosecutors, municipal authorities, and the police have sufficient staff, training, and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict perpetrators of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children, and identify victims of child trafficking and refer them to appropriate social services. - - - Develop a mechanism to properly track human trafficking cases to improve enforcement and prevention efforts. - - - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Strengthen coordination and information sharing between institutions responsible for investigating child labor and providing social services to victims. - - - Increase transportation and human resources for the Office for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of the Adolescent Worker so that the office can improve program oversight. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children in rural areas, girls, LGBTQI+ youth, children from indigenous and Afro-descendant communities, and migrant children. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network (GAN) National Networks - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Youth Pathways to Leadership, Learning, and Livelihoods in Costa Rica - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-leadership-learning-and-livelihoods-costa-rica - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - - - Côte d'Ivoire - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cote-divoire - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Significant Advancement - In 2021, Côte d’Ivoire made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ivoirian government eliminated school fees in January 2021 and increased the number of labor inspectors by 10 percent. The government also hired 150 field staff to support labor inspectors in cocoa farming zones and drafted a new National Sustainable Cocoa Strategy to Fight Deforestation, Child Labor, and Low Farmer Incomes in the cocoa sector. In addition, the First Lady and Head of the National Committee for Surveillance inaugurated a third center for survivors of trafficking, exploitation, and child labor located in Ferkessédougou. However, children in Côte d’Ivoire are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in the harvesting of cocoa and coffee. The government does not have a mechanism to assess civil penalties for labor law violations and the lack of financial resources and personnel may have hindered labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Cocoa - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.256 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.701 - - - 7-14 - 0.218 - - - 0.805 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 305588 - 310 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 2836 - 2836 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Establish a mechanism to assess penalties for child labor violations. - - - Ensure that labor inspectorate receives a sufficient amount of funding to conduct inspections and investigations throughout the country, including in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive the resources, personnel, and training needed to adequately enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Disaggregate the information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of convictions and penalties imposed for violations related to child labor and the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Improve the accessibility and transportation capacity of schools; ensure that schools are free of physical and sexual abuse; and increase the number of teachers, textbooks, sanitation facilities, and schools, particularly in rural areas. Ensure that all children have access to birth registration and identity documents. - - - Expand existing programs and institute new ones aimed at addressing the full scope of the child labor problem in Côte d’Ivoire, including the cocoa sector. - - - Ensure that victims of the worst forms of child labor are able to access social services throughout the country. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient classrooms available for all students enrolled. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Cooperatives Addressing Child Labor Accountability Outcomes (CACAO) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cacao-cooperatives-addressing-child-labor-accountability-outcomes - - - Eliminating Child Labor in Cocoa (ECLIC) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labor-cocoa-eclic-0 - - - Survey Research on Child Labor in West African Cocoa Growing Areas - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/survey-research-child-labor-west-african-cocoa-growing-areas - - - Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana - - - Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana - - - Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labor-free-cocoa-growing-communities - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional - - - - - Djibouti - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/djibouti - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Djibouti made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor began discussions with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Women and Families about the creation of a formal mechanism to refer children found in child labor to appropriate social services. In addition, the labor inspectorate targeted inspections in the restaurant and construction sectors, in which child labor is believed to be more prevalent. However, children in Djibouti are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in street work. Minimum age provisions apply only to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards. In addition, the government did not make adequate efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due to lack of financial and human resource allocations and reporting mechanisms. Finally, the government did not publish data on labor law or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. - - - - 5-14 - 0.123 - 23693 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.674 - - - 7-14 - 0.102 - - - 0.648 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 112994 - 5 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 6 - 6 - 14 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all children are afforded minimum age for work protections under the law, including children working outside formal employment relationships. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in prostitution. - - - Ensure that the list of hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children is comprehensive. - - - - - Ensure that all regions are targeted for labor inspections and that the labor inspectorate has the necessary equipment for regional inspection coverage. - - - Establish a mechanism for the Ministry of Labor to receive child labor complaints. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections. - - - Establish a reciprocal referral mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor. - - - Ensure that civil penalties for child labor violations are imposed and collected. - - - Publish complete criminal law enforcement data, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient initial training and refresher courses on the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Establish a coordinating body dedicated to preventing and eliminating all forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period and that data on these activities are published. - - - Adopt a national policy to address all forms of child labor, including its worst forms. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children in rural areas, including girls, by removing school-related expenses. - - - Ensure that all children, including refugees, asylum seekers, and children in rural areas, have access to education by removing requirements for national birth certificates or UNHCR refugee documentation to attend school. - - - Implement programs to specifically address children involved in domestic work, street work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - No - No - No - - - - Dominica - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/dominica - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Dominica, in 2021, the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government funded and participated in programs that may contribute to preventing child labor, including a program that improved school infrastructure and others that provided meals to students. However, Dominica's legal framework does not protect children from exploitative work outside of the school year, and the government has not determined the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. During the reporting period, the government did not respond to requests for information related to its efforts to address child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.139 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - Unknown - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Define the conditions, activities, and number of hours permissible for light work. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18 for all children. - - - Determine and codify the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Criminally prohibit forced labor. - - - Criminally prohibit domestic child trafficking. - - - Enact legislation to specifically prohibit using, procuring, or offering of a child for the production of pornography or pornographic performances. - - - Prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including members of the Kalinago community who are vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor, by ensuring access to secondary education within the Kalinago territory. - - - Adopt a national policy to improve Dominica's child justice framework as recommended by the National Child Protection Action Plan published in 2018 by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States and UNICEF. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - - - Yes - NA - NA - + + Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/thailand + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Thailand made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government amended the Anti-Money Laundering Act to allow for assets seized from human trafficking offenders to be used as financial remedies for survivors of trafficking, including children who were sexually exploited. In addition, it established the Child Sexual Exploitation Crime Center to help facilitate investigations of offenses related to child pornographic materials. The government also established the Migrant Education Coordination Center to coordinate with Migrant Learning Centers on education, protection, and health of migrant children. Moreover, the Ministry of Tourism and Sports initiated the Child Friendly Tourism project by signing a Memorandum of Understanding with 21 government agencies, private sector organizations, and non-governmental organizations to develop measures to reduce human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children in the tourism sector. Finally, the government drafted and approved the fifth National Policy and Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor (2023–2027) in coordination with relevant public and private organizations across government and civil society. However, children in Thailand are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it does not meet the international standard for the minimum age for work because the law does not grant protections to children working outside of formal employment relationships. Moreover, there is a lack of available research and data on the prevalence of child labor in high-risk sectors, such as agriculture, garment manufacturing, domestic work, and construction. + + + Fish + No + Yes + No + + + Garments + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Shrimp + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.13 + 1302267 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.963 + + + 7-14 + 0.144 + + + 0.948 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 976150 + 1720 + Yes + Yes + 17822 + 28 + 7 + 7 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 99 + 77 + 96 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the law + criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state + armed groups. + + + Ensure that the minimum age + for work applies to children working outside of employment relationships. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including paid participation in Muay Thai, in which there is evidence that children are exposed to physical dangers. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 15 to 16 to align with + the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that fishing vessels employing children under age 18 to work as apprentices are fully complying with the protections required in theMinisterial Regulation on Protection of Fishery Work. + + + + + Ensure provincial government and court officials are provided adequate training on human trafficking issues—specifically in addressing cases of male children in commercial sexual exploitation—to afford boys the same protections and victim assistance as girls. + + + Ensure labor inspectors are provided training and resources necessary to conduct inspections at remote informal sector workplaces, including in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Ensure law enforcement officials report and investigate all suspected human trafficking incidences. + + + Ensure that migrant children are not engaging in child labor due to shortages in labor. + + + Ensure proper training and full implementation of the National Referral Mechanism for officials and multidisciplinary teams, including at the local levels. + + + Provide interpretation services that enable labor inspections to meaningfully interview foreign workers and ensure independence of labor inspectorate from outside interests. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor, including the National Strategic Plan (2018–2037). + + + + + Improve access to + education, especially for ethnic minority and migrant children, including + by clarifying to school officials the necessary documents non-Thai students need to submit for enrollment, raising awareness of migrant children's right to education, addressing language barriers for non-Thai speaking + students, including on public school applications, and ensuring Migrant Learning Centers are accredited. + + + Conduct child labor prevalence surveys to ensure that there are + sufficient social programs to address exploitation of children in the agriculture, + garment manufacturing, domestic work, and construction sectors. + + + Ensure that there are + sufficient social programs to assist children from vulnerable groups, + such as migrant children and LGBTQI+ children, who are at high risk of child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Attaining Lasting Change + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- + addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean + + + Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Fair Fish: Fostering Accountability in Recruitment for Fishery Workers + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/fair-fish-fostering-accountability-recruitment-fishery-workers + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Shrimp and Seafood Processing Areas in Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labour-shrimp-and-seafood-processing-areas-thailand + + + Support for National Action to Combat Child Labor and its Worst Forms in Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_CECL%26Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Thailand Sex Trafficking Task Force: Prevention and Placement + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_TraffickingTaskForce_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + The North and Northeast Program to Prevent Child Labor and Forced Child Prostitution, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_Trafficking_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf + + - - Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/dominican-republic - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, the Dominican Republic made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Directorate of Policies for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor hired 23 child labor specialists to work in the offices of the Local Labor Representations in the interior of the country. The Dominican Municipal League, the Dominican Federation of Municipalities, and the Ministry of Labor also undertook a new inter-institutional cooperation agreement to develop awareness and training programs for municipal government personnel to integrate local governments in the efforts to address child labor throughout the country. Additionally, the government prepared a labor inspection manual to provide guidance to labor inspectors on the actions they should take while carrying out labor inspections. However, children in the Dominican Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Other gaps remain, including limited human and financial resources for the enforcement of child labor laws, including a lack of a sufficient number of labor inspectors and criminal investigators, and adequate facilities, transportation, and fuel. Labor inspectors also lack the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations, including those related to child labor. - - - Baked Goods - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Tomatoes - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.063 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.964 - - - 7-14 - 0.092 - - - 0.963 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - - $4.4 million - 212 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 56938 - 56938 - 45 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion as elements of the crime. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors from 212 to 312 to meet the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, especially in remote rural areas. - - - Ensure that the number of inspections conducted by each inspector is appropriate to guarantee the quality and scope of inspections. - - - Improve case tracking so that labor inspectors are able to promptly follow up on violation remediation to improve enforcement of laws prohibiting child labor and discourage the use of child labor by employers. - - - Establish a system to verify the age of young workers to better protect children without birth certificates or other legal documentation from exploitation. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors interview workers, in a safe environment, and that they are able to communicate with Creole-speaking workers, including those who may be underage, to adequately conduct inspections for child labor violations. - - - Improve training of inspectors to increase the quality of interviews with employers and workers, gather consistent documentation, conduct timely re-inspection to ensure compliance, and use inspection data to enable prosecution. - - - Publish comprehensive information on the number of child labor penalties imposed and collected, as well as on the number of criminal law enforcement investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and penalties imposed. - - - Increase the human and financial resources to ensure adequate criminal and labor law enforcement related to child labor. - - - Improve coordination and case tracking systems between the Ministry of Labor and the Office of the Attorney General to ensure that violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. - - - Ensure that the National Council for Children and Adolescents has sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for victims of child labor. - - - Provide legal authorization to allow labor inspectors to conduct inspections in the informal sector. - - - - - Ensure that the National Steering Committee to Eliminate Child Labor’s Local and Municipal Committees have sufficient resources to effectively coordinate efforts to address child labor. - - - - - Take steps to implement the policies related to child labor on an annual basis and publish information about these efforts. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Increase efforts to issue identity documents to all children to reduce their vulnerability to labor exploitation. - - - Address the specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including unaccompanied migrant children, children of parents who have been deported, and undocumented children. - - - Increase school infrastructure and teacher availability, especially in rural areas, remove supply and school-related fees, and expand efforts to reduce racial or nationality discrimination in schools. - - - Update all Ministry of Education's school manuals to align with Dominican law guaranteeing that children without birth certificates or identity documents are able to enroll in schools, and ensure that all children receive diplomas certifying school completion. - - - Expand social protection programs, particularly for child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and harmful agricultural work, and ensure that they also provide services to vulnerable children without regular identity documents. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Project to Reduce Child Labor and Improve Working Conditions in Agriculture in the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-reduce-child-labor-and-working-conditions-agriculture-dominican-republic - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in the Dominican Republic (Education/Youth Employment/Public Private Partnerships) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic– Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/evaluation_type/final_evaluation/DR_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Education Initiative: Informal Urban Work, Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Hazardous Commercial Agriculture - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic - Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Preparatory Activities for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_TBP_Prep_CLOSED.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tomato-Producing Sectors - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_Tomatoes_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - - - Ecuador - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ecuador - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2021, Ecuador made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Attorney General's Office trained over 2,000 prosecutors and administrative staff on sexual crimes against minors and trafficking in persons. The Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Social and Economic Inclusion developed inspection plans in the agricultural sector in rural areas, a sector that had previously been lacking in inspections, and worked with their counterparts in Colombia to establish mechanisms to address child labor in the illegal mining sector along the Ecuador-Colombia border. Under the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons, the government held various anti-trafficking trainings for labor inspectors, prosecutors, and police officers, among others. In addition, the Business Network for a Child Labor-Free Ecuador—a public-private partnership helmed by the Ministry of Labor—also continued its work with 73 business entities, focusing on child labor issues in the priority sectors of bananas, flowers, fishing, and mining. However, children in Ecuador are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Although the government continued efforts to eradicate child labor, the National Project to Eradicate Child Labor formally ended in December 2021 and a replacement program or institutional body has not been identified. - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bovines - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Flowers - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Hogs - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Poultry - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.082 - 302796 - 0.899 - 0.02 - 0.081 - - - 5-14 - 0.97 - - - 7-14 - 0.089 - - - 1.044 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 2187168 - 117 - Yes - Yes - N/A - N/A - 12335 - 12335 - 5 - 19 - 19 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 479 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate is properly funded so that inspectors receive sufficient resources, including transportation and equipment, to carry out their duties adequately. Ensure that inspections sufficiently cover sectors in which child labor has been reported, including the informal sector. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient knowledge of existing laws and receive adequate training in victim identification to conduct inspections and refer victims to social services. - - - Ensure that laws and regulations governing child labor, especially hazardous labor, are enforced consistently throughout the country, including in rural areas and family-run businesses. - - - Publish information on the number of criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions of crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators receive sufficient resources, including shelters for victims, to investigate cases of the worst forms of child labor and refer victims. - - - Strengthen the provision of specialized services for victims of human trafficking. - - - - - Ensure there is an active replacement body for the Interagency Committee for the Eradication of Child Labor. - - - Strengthen coordinating mechanisms among ministries providing social services to victims of child labor, especially in the informal sector. - - - - - Transition the defunct National Project to Eradicate Child Labor from its original pilot project status to a permanent directorate with a permanent budget to ensure effective coordination on efforts to address child labor. - - - - - Conduct a comprehensive child labor survey so there is sufficient data to inform government actions to eliminate child labor. - - - Enhance efforts to address exploitative labor practices and labor trafficking of migrant and refugee children. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including indigenous and refugee children and children from rural areas, by increasing classroom space and teachers, and addressing teen pregnancy issues and Internet access. - - - Ensure that all social programs that address child labor, including the Youth Impulse Program, continue to remain active and publish information on activities taken during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that social programs make interventions in sectors in which child labor is most prevalent, specifically in the informal and agricultural sectors. - - - Ensure that the social registry includes families most vulnerable to child labor by updating the list of recipients of social assistance. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america - - - Palma Futuro: Preventing and Reducing Child Labor and Forced Labor in Palm Oil Supply Chains - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/palma-futuro-preventing-and-reducing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-palm-oil-supply - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Ecuador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Ecuador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ecuador: Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ecuador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Building Effective Policies Against Child Labor in Ecuador and Panama - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-effective-policies-against-child-labor-ecuador-and-panama - - - Educafuturo: Project to Combat Child Labor Among Vulnerable Populations in Ecuador and Panama by Providing Direct Education and Livelihood Services - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/educafuturo-project-combat-child-labor-among-vulnerable-populations-ecuador-and - - - - - Egypt - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/egypt - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Egypt made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Prosecutor General’s Office announced the opening of eight specialized prosecution offices to combat human trafficking and illegal migration crimes nationwide. Additionally, 121 new trafficking investigations involving forced child begging were opened as a result of Ministry of Interior campaigns to combat child exploitation. The Egyptian Senate's Manpower Committee also submitted a draft labor law to the Speaker of the Senate for review. A separate proposed amendment would also allow the government to fine business owners 1,000 to 2,000 Egyptian pounds (64 to 128 USD) for violating the minimum age provisions, with double the fine for repeat offenses, and subject the business to the possibility of forced closure for up to 6 months. However, children in Egypt are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in quarrying limestone. The government did not publish data on the enforcement of child labor laws, and programs to address child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Stones (limestone) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.049 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.809 - - - 7-14 - 0.052 - - - 1.046 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the types of work that children perform in Egypt that expose them to hazardous temperatures, such as brick production, are prohibited for children under age 18. - - - Ensure that the law establishes age 16 as the minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military with safeguards for voluntariness. - - - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Egypt meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Increase the number of inspectors receiving training on child labor policies. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure universal access to free public education, especially for girls and refugee children, by addressing the cost of school fees, supplies, violence in schools, lack of documentation, and other barriers to education. - - - Expand programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, particularly in commercial sexual exploitation and in quarrying limestone. - - - Expand the Takaful and Karama program to ensure that children are able to stay in school. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Promoting Worker Rights and Competitiveness in Export Industries - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-worker-rights-and-competitiveness-export-industries - - - Combating Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education and Livelihood Interventions in Egypt - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-education-and-livelihood-interventions - - - Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-fundamental-principles-and-rights-work - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Egypt - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Egypt_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - El Salvador - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/el-salvador - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, El Salvador made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Education invested over $53 million to purchase computers that benefited 120,092 students and 12,000 teachers in the country. The government signed a cooperation agreement with the governments of Honduras and Guatemala to strengthen coordination and efforts to address trafficking in persons. The government also published results from its annual multipurpose household survey, which identifies child labor prevalence in the country. However, children in El Salvador are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and in illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the harvesting of coffee. Law enforcement agencies continue to lack sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws throughout the country. Gaps also remain related to the lack of publicly available, comprehensive information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Finally, social programs do not adequately address the full scope of the child labor problem in the country. - - - Baked Goods - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cereal Grains - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fireworks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Shellfish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.041 - 41069 - 0.383 - 0.179 - 0.438 - - - 5-14 - 0.911 - - - 7-14 - 0.043 - - - 0.866 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - $1.6 million - Unknown - Yes - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the legal light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken by those under age 16. - - - - - Provide sufficient funding and resources to the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare and criminal law enforcement agencies to fully enforce child labor laws and investigate cases involving the worst forms of child labor, including in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that the number of labor inspectors meets the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that all labor inspectors receive training on child labor themes. - - - Establish monetary penalties for labor violations that are proportionate to the nature and seriousness of the offense. - - - Collect and make publicly available complete information on training for new criminal investigators and data on the number of investigations, criminal violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and number of penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Improve coordination between the National Civil Police and the Office of the Attorney General in their investigation and prosecution of criminal cases related to the worst forms of child labor, including by developing electronic information-sharing capabilities. - - - Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspectors and whether they received refresher courses on child labor, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, the number of violations found, and the total penalties imposed and collected. - - - Ensure there is a sufficient number of criminal law enforcement officials to carry out criminal investigations on the worst forms of child labor, and that they receive specialized training. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Youth Policy for 2010–2024. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Policy Against Trafficking in Persons and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish government statistics evaluating the impact of collaborative projects targeting child labor in sugarcane production. - - - Remove barriers to education, such as birth registration requirements, and ensure access for all children, including students of indigenous descent. - - - Ensure that students have access and equipment for remote education, when necessary. - - - Ensure that schools have proper infrastructure and sanitation systems to support students. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Sustainable Families program to address child labor and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that adequate services are available for all human trafficking survivors, including boys. - - - Implement programs to support child laborers who may not be living with their parents, including child domestic workers. - - - Ensure annual surveys that provide data on child labor include information on specific child labor work sectors and the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Eliminating Child Labour in El Salvador Through Economic Empowerment and Social Inclusion - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labour-el-salvador-through-economic-empowerment-and-social - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in El Salvador (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/El_Salvador_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in El Salvador (Phase I) and Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Timebound Program of El Salvador (EI) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/evaluation_type/final_evaluation/El_Salvador_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Fireworks Industry of El Salvador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/El_Salvador_Fireworks_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America: Shellfish Harvesting in El Salvador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Youth Pathways - Central America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-central-america-0 - - - Increasing Collection Action to Address Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Other Unacceptable Conditions of Work in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/increasing-collective --action-address-child-labor-forced-labor-and-other-unacceptable - - - RICHES - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/riches - - - Audits of Selected USDOL-Funded IPEC Projects-Round V - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_IPEC_FY07_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Eritrea - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eritrea - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2021, Eritrea is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, Eritrea is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated complicity in the use of forced child labor. Government officials continued to force students in grade 12, some whom are under the age of 18, to participate in military training elements of the government's compulsory national service program. Otherwise, the government made efforts by maintaining its Child Wellbeing Committees. Children in Eritrea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced military training associated with national service and forced agricultural labor. Moreover, Eritrea's minimum age protections do not apply to children working outside formal employment relationships, and therefore do not conform to international standards. In addition, the government does not have a mechanism to coordinate its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.603 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - - Unknown - 28 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all children are protected by minimum age laws, including those who are self-employed. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children and ensure that all children are protected by hazardous work prohibitions, including children in the informal sector. - - - Criminally prohibit the use of a child for prostitution. - - - Criminally prohibit procuring and offering a child for the production of drugs. - - - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic public education, and establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for employment. - - - - - Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, total number of inspections conducted at worksites, number of violations, number of targeted, routine, and unannounced inspections, number of violations for which penalties were imposed and collected, and whether complaint mechanisms and reciprocal referral mechanisms are in place. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure labor inspectors are provided sufficient resources, including transportation, to access sites in which child labor is likely to occur. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial and refresher training for new investigators, and data on the number of criminal investigations, violations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor, and if reciprocal referral mechanisms exist. - - - Ensure there are reciprocal referral mechanisms between labor authorities and social services. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to directly address child labor. - - - - - Ensure that children under age 18 are not placed in military or agricultural labor assignments as part of national service. - - - Publish information on actions taken to implement the Education Sector Development Plan (2018–2021) and the Comprehensive National Child Policy. - - - - - Ensure that all children, including in rural areas, have equitable access to education by building more schools and removing financial and religious barriers to attendance, as outlined in the 2018 Education Sector Development Plan. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Institute programs and publish information regarding efforts to address child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, street work, and the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - No - - - - Eswatini - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eswatini - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Eswatini made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Eswatini launched a National Action Plan on the Elimination of Child Labor and created an interagency task force to oversee its implementation. The Deputy Prime Minister (DPM)’s office, which oversees child welfare, launched a campaign to ensure that children in Eswatini are issued identity documents, which will help orphaned and vulnerable children gain a greater access to education. However, children in Eswatini are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, forced livestock herding, and commercial sexual exploitation. Significant gaps in the legal framework remain, including gaps in minimum age protections, a lack of legislation regulating the labor conditions under Kuhlehla and other customary practices, and a de facto compulsory education age that does not meet international standards. In addition, minimum age protections only apply to children working in industrial undertakings, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. - - - Bovines - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.117 - 35368 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.925 - - - 7-14 - 0.13 - - - 0.886 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 12/13 - No - No - - - - Unknown - 14 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - N/A - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 0 - N/A - N/A - 0 - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - N/A - - - - - Ensure that minimum age provisions extend to all children, including those working in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and cover agricultural undertakings and domestic work. - - - Adopt legislation that prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish a compulsory education age that is consistent with the minimum age for work. - - - Establish by law free basic public education through lower secondary education. - - - Adopt legislation that regulates the work performed through traditional practices like Kuhlehla. - - - - - Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspections conducted at worksites, the number of convictions, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. - - - Provide adequate resources to labor inspectors and criminal investigators so they can fulfill their mandates. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and have the necessary resources to be able to fulfill their mandates as intended. - - - Establish a coordinating mechanism that addresses all child labor issues, including children working in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Improve coordination and communication among coordinating bodies to clarify mandates to address all forms of child labor. - - - - - Implement child labor-related policies, including the National Children's Policy and National Strategic Framework and Action Plan to Combat People Trafficking. - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Eswatini Education and Training Sector Policy. - - - - - Ensure that children are able to access free basic education, including paying or eliminating school fees for lower secondary and upper secondary education. - - - Ensure that social programs to address child labor are implemented in accordance with their mandates. - - - Ensure a minimum quality of standard care in shelters for victims of child trafficking. - - - Develop social protection programs to assist children engaged in child labor in domestic work and herding. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - - - Ethiopia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ethiopia - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Ethiopia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government established a new National Action Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor (2021–2025). The Ministry of Labor and Skills, together with the Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions and Confederation of Ethiopian Employers Federation also launched the Decent Work Country Program (2021–2025). In addition, the government significantly increased the operating budget of the labor inspectorate. However, children in Ethiopia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and in commercial sexual exploitation. The law in Ethiopia does not include free basic education or a compulsory age for education, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Social programs to address child labor have also not sufficiently targeted sectors with high incidences of child labor. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Khat (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Textiles (hand-woven) - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 7-14 - 0.415 - 10202669 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - 0.731 - - - 7-14 - 0.308 - - - 0.681 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - - 2524544 - 537 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 40639 - 40639 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age at which children may enter hazardous work following vocational training from age 15 to age 16, in line with ILO C. 138. - - - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, including hazardous tasks in traditional weaving. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic education. - - - Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for employment. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient resources to conduct inspections in all sectors and are able to coordinate adequately with other agencies. - - - Ensure that both domestic and transnational child trafficking cases are investigated and punished. - - - Gather, disaggregate, and publish information on the number of child labor violations found, penalties applied and collected, trainings done, the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. - - - Prosecute perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including recruitment of children into armed conflict, according to the law. - - - - - Clarify individual mandates for coordinating mechanisms charged with addressing child labor, and enhance intercommittee communication, coordination, and collaboration. - - - Provide adequate funding to coordinating bodies so that they may effectively coordinate activities related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Sector Development Program, the National Technical & Vocational Education & Training Strategy, and the National Youth Policy. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that Ethiopia fulfills its commitment as an Alliance 8.7 Pathfinder country. - - - - - Increase access to education for all children by decreasing the distance to schools in rural areas, hiring additional teachers, constructing sanitation facilities, and eliminating school-related costs. - - - Develop or expand social protection programs to address child labor, including in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Ensure that social services necessary to prevent child labor, such as rehabilitation and reintegration centers, are available throughout the country. - - - Take steps to ensure student safety while at school, including environments free from sexual harassment, and make efforts to prevent schools from being attacked and occupied by the Ethiopian National Defense Force and non-state armed groups. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - She Thrives: Reducing Child Labor in Ethiopia's Agricultural Sector using a Gender-Focused Approach - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/she-thrives-reducing-child-labor-ethiopias-agricultural-sector-using-gender-focused - - - Engaged, Educated, Empowered, Ethiopian Youth Project (E4Y) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/engaged-educated-empowered-ethiopian-youth-project-e4y - - - Ethiopians Fighting Against Child Exploitation (E- FACE) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/ethiopians-fighting-against-child-exploitation-e-face - - - Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - - - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/falkland-islands-islas-malvinas - Europe and Eurasia + + Timor-Leste + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/timor-leste + Indo-Pacific No Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), in 2021, the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Safeguarding Children’s Board met quarterly and hosted trainings on safeguarding children, including understanding child sexual exploitation. However, the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) are assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to prevent child labor. There is no functioning labor inspectorate in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) to enforce labor laws. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, the minimum ages for work and for hazardous work do not meet international standards, and the law does not prohibit adults from using, procuring, and offering a child for the production and trafficking of drugs. + In 2022, Timor-Leste made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government increased funding for the labor inspectorate, finalized a national anti-trafficking action plan, established a child protection network, and completed a quantitative labor survey. However, despite these new initiatives to address child labor, Timor-Leste is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Research indicates that some school principals forced pregnant girls to leave school, making them more vulnerable to involvement in child labor, including its worst forms. Children in Timor-Leste are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in street vending and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. Although Timor-Leste law provides for criminal penalties for the worst forms of child labor, there is a lack of authorization for labor inspection agencies to inspect or enforce labor standards in the informal agriculture and commercial sectors. - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - Unavailable - + + 5-14 + 0.123 + 40337 + 0.369 + 0.073 + 0.558 + + + 5-14 + 0.837 + + + 7-14 + 0.124 + + + 1.013 + - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + No + 17 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A + 490869 + 26 + Yes + Yes + 1700 + 1 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to at least age 15 and up to the age to which education is compulsory in all sectors. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18 and that national law determines prohibited work activities for children. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Establish a labor inspectorate to enforce labor laws, including laws pertaining to child labor. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - + + + Ensure that children under 18 who are engaged in hazardous work receive adequate training in the type of work being done and that the health, safety, and morals of the child are protected in accordance with international standards. + + + Ensure that the List of + Hazardous Occupations and Activities Prohibited for Children is harmonized with the Labor Code and Penal Code. + + + Ensure that the law protects 17-year-old children from engagement in all the worst forms of child labor, such as hazardous work, illicit activities, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken. + + + Raise the minimum age + for work of 15 to the age of 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + + + Ensure that labor law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to carry out inspections, especially in rural areas of Timor-Leste, including funding for fuel for government vehicles. + + + Ensure that the Administration of the Labor Inspectorate General has the legal authority to conduct inspections in the informal sector, including on family farms and in private homes where domestic work takes place. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking. + + + Ensure that the Administration of the Labor Inspectorate General is staffed with the appropriate number of labor inspectors to conduct the targeted number of labor inspections. + + + Ensure that criminal and civil cases are tried in a timely manner and that cases of human trafficking are properly classified. + + + Ensure that the Vulnerable Persons Unit receives funding to carry out investigations. + + + Finalize and disseminate standard operating procedures related to human trafficking victim identification. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement data related to the number of investigations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Adopt the National Action Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Timor-Leste. + + + Publish activities undertaken on an annual basis to implement the Timor-Leste Strategic Development Plan (2011–2030). + + + Establish a policy for girls to able to receive an education while pregnant and encourage them to return to school after giving birth. + + + + + Institute programs to address child labor and the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture. + + + Improve access to education by providing safe and healthy sanitation facilities, especially for girls, making schools accessible for children with disabilities, andeliminating school-related fees. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Casa Vida social program and make information about its implementation publicly available. + + + Cease the practice of forcing pregnant students to leave school, ensure that they can obtain transfer documentation to continue their education during pregnancy if needed, and provide these students with assistance so they can return to school after giving birth. + + - NA - NA - Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes - - - Fiji - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/fiji - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Fiji made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government ratified the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict and the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. In addition, the government launched the National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and accompanying strategy and allocated financial and human resources to implement it. However, children in Fiji are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Fiji's light work provisions are not specific enough to prevent children from being involved in child labor. In addition, social programs undertaken by the government are insufficient to support children vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation, human trafficking, and forced domestic work. The government did not provide information on its labor law enforcement or criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.089 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - $4.5 million - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - - - Publish labor law enforcement information, including the number of labor inspectors, initial training for new labor inspectors, whether refresher courses were provided for existing labor inspectors, number of labor inspections conducted, number of labor inspections conducted at the worksite, whether routine inspections were targeted, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, whether routine inspections were conducted, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement information, including initial training for new criminal investigators, refresher courses for existing criminal investigators, number of investigations conducted, number of violations, number of prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and can carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Child Protection Program and Allowance during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - Increase the availability of support services for children vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation, human trafficking, and forced domestic work, in order to prevent them from being sent to live with other families. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - - - Gabon - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gabon - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Gabon made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, authorities removed more than 30 children from exploitive settings and provided them with government services. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Gabon is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to provide evidence it conducted worksite inspections during the reporting period. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Gabon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. Gabonese law regarding minimum age for work provisions only applies to children in formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age for work. In addition, labor inspectors lack the basic resources necessary to conduct investigations. Finally, Gabon does not have a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.223 - 83073 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.944 - - - 7-14 - 0.233 - - - 0.784 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - No - N/A - No - 0 - N/A - 0 - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 6 - No - N/A - No - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that minimum age protections are extended to children working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - Ensure that the legal framework for light work establishes a minimum age no younger than age 13, determines activities that are considered light work, and specifies the conditions under which light work may be undertaken. - - - Establish criminal prohibitions for the recruitment of children under age 18 for use in armed conflict by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish information on the funding level for the labor inspectorate, number of inspections, and number of labor inspectors, and ensure both inspectors and investigators receive adequate funding, training, and resources to carry out inspections and investigations. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by having inspectors conduct routine and unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are not tasked with conciliation or arbitration duties so that they can carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring throughout the country. - - - Ensure that the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections and criminal investigations and publish criminal law enforcement information. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies are sufficiently funded to carry out their mandates, remain active, and report on their activities. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, including in activities such as domestic work and work in transportation. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing relevant policies. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that children have access to education by eliminating school fees, increasing the number of teachers and schools in rural areas, and make efforts to provide all children with birth registration. - - - Expand programs to address the scope of the child labor problem and ensure that the government continues to provide adequate support to victims of child labor, including sufficient shelter space for victims. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 - - - - - Gambia, The - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gambia - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, The Gambia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted a new National Action Plan Against Trafficking in Persons, and it launched the National Referral Mechanism for the Protection of Vulnerable Migrants, including the Victims of Trafficking. However, children in The Gambia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that the minimum age for work is higher than the age of compulsory education. Although the government has adopted various policies addressing human trafficking, research found no evidence of a policy on other worst forms of child labor. In addition, labor inspectors do not inspect private homes or farms where children may be working. - - - - 5-14 - 0.226 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.782 - - - 7-14 - 0.217 - - - 0.852 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - - 15576 - 4 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 4 - Unknown - 5 - 0 - 0 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - Raise the minimum age for workplace apprenticeships to age 16. - - - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work. - - - - - Ensure that local enforcement agencies, including Neighborhood Watch Groups and Community Child Protection Committees, are active, empowered, and properly trained to monitor and report cases of child labor. - - - Publish information on the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites and whether routine inspections are conducted. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing labor laws, including laws related to child labor, to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts inspections at private homes and farms. - - - Ensure that criminal penalties for the worst forms of child labor are consistently applied to deter violations. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement trainings, investigations, violations, prosecutions, and convictions. - - - Ensure that labor law and criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient funding to carry out their mandates. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that children can complete compulsory schooling by subsidizing or defraying the cost of books, uniforms, transportation, and other fees. - - - Enhance opportunities for children to access education by providing adequate teaching facilities and clean water, ensuring accessibility for students with disabilities, and increasing the number of teachers in rural areas. - - - Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Georgia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/georgia - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Georgia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government doubled the budget for the Labor Inspectorate, significantly increased its number of labor inspectors, and approved a new National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons (2021–2022). The Public Defender's Office also published a report on the status of child labor as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and a new mobile group was created to identify and assist children living and working on the streets in Adjara. However, children in Georgia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced begging. Children also engage in agricultural labor. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, Georgia's minimum age for work does not meet international standards because it does not apply to the informal sector. In addition, the Criminal Code does not explicitly prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. Furthermore, the compulsory education age leaves children who are 15 years of age vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor, because they are not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work full time. - - - - 5-14 - 0.029 - 13547 - 0.955 - 0.023 - 0.022 - - - 5-14 - 0.969 - - - 7-14 - 0.037 - - - 0.935 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 1927900 - 109 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 58607 - 58607 - 1 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 6 - 2 - 2 - 2 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those in informal work. - - - Increase the age up to which education is compulsory to age 16, the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that the law's light work provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of children for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Continue to increase coordination between the Department of Labor Inspection within the Ministry of Labor, Health, and Social Affairs and the Criminal Police Department. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, including child labor in agriculture. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in agriculture, to inform policies and programs. - - - Make additional efforts to register all children in school, including those from Roma communities, provide them with identity documents, and ensure that these groups can access education. - - - Improve access to education for children who speak languages other than Georgian or Russian, as well as for socially vulnerable children, children from impoverished families, children with disabilities, and children who live in rural areas. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially for street children. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - - - Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ghana - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Ghana made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government developed a Public-Private Partnership framework to address child labor in the cocoa industry after the expiration of the Harkin-Engel Protocol. The government also drafted a new national plan of action to eliminate human trafficking, and the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection developed a communications strategy to guide outreach efforts on human trafficking issues for the years 2022–2026. However, children in Ghana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa production and harvesting. Prohibitions related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards because, while Ghana does criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for electronic performances, the law does not extend to live performances. The law also does not prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the government has not acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child's Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. Lastly, resource constraints severely limited the government's ability to adequately enforce labor laws and implement social programs during the reporting period. - - - Bovines - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Textiles - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tilapia (fish) - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.13 - 927591 - 0.792 - 0.05 - 0.158 - - - 5-14 - 0.899 - - - 7-14 - 0.132 - - - 0.938 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 48 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 749 - 749 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - 265 - 16 - 3 - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children including, children in live performances. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in all illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Update the hazardous work list for children to cover all hazardous types of work outlined in ILO C. 182. - - - - - Ensure that prosecutors who have received sufficient legal training oversee and lead the prosecution of cases involving the worst forms of child labor, that an adequate number of state attorneys are available to prosecute cases, and that these cases are prosecuted according to the law. - - - Publish information on the amount of funding allocated to the labor inspectorate. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators have adequate resources, including office space, transportation, and supplies, to adequately carry out their mandate throughout the country. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive adequate training. - - - Publish data on number of child labor investigations conducted and penalties imposed. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Strengthen and fully fund the mechanism to track cases of child labor for referral between law enforcement and social services providers. - - - Improve communication and coordination among criminal enforcement agencies to prosecute cases of the worst forms of child labor and provide adequate victim support. - - - Ensure that the Trafficking in Persons Information System is used and publish any related activities. - - - Ensure that criminal enforcement agencies have the resources to properly monitor sectors in which the worst forms of child labor are known to occur. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement government policies and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. - - - - - Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees, increasing the number of classrooms, improving access to schools, providing sanitation facilities, and prohibiting sexual harassment and physical violence in schools. - - - Ensure that opportunities such as vocational training are available to secondary school students enrolled in the dual-track system. - - - Ensure that social programs are active and receive sufficient funding to carry out their objectives. - - - Expand the availability of government-supported shelter services for child victims and ensure that all shelters are operational. - - - Replicate and expand effective models for addressing exploitative child labor in the cocoa, fishing, and mining sectors. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana - - - Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana - - - Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labor-free-cocoa-growing-communities - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional - - - Making Advances to Eliminate Child Labor in More Areas with Sustainable Integrated Efforts (MATE MASIE) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/mate-masie-making-advances-eliminate-child-labor-more-areas-sustainable-integrated - - - Adwuma Pa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/adwuma-pa - - - Mobilizing Community Action and Promoting Opportunities for Youth in Ghana's Cocoa-Growing Communities (MOCA) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/mobilizing-community-action-and-promoting-opportunities-youth-ghanas-cocoa-growing-0 - - - Support for the Implementation of Timebound Measures for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor in Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - Global Accelerator Lab 8.7 Project - Intensifying Action Against Forced Labor and Child Labor Through Innovation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-accelerator-lab-87- -project-intensifying-action-against-forced-labor-and-child - - - CARING Gold Mining Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/caring-gold-mining-project-convening-stakeholders-develop-and-implement-strategies - - - - - Grenada - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/grenada - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - No Advancement - In 2021, Grenada made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Grenada, no official study of child labor has been done to confirm this. The government's ability to prevent children from being subjected to the worst forms of child labor is limited because existing laws do not comprehensively prohibit child trafficking and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition, the government has not published data on labor inspectorate funding. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.23 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 5 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Unknown - 54 - 54 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - 0 - N/A - N/A - N/A - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - N/A - - - - - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18. - - - Prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including drug production. - - - Establish minimum age requirements of at least age 13 for holiday employment and define the activities, conditions, and number of hours permissible for such work. - - - Ensure that the law criminalizes all forms of child trafficking, including in cases that do not include the use of force, threats, abuse of power, or other forms of coercion. - - - Enact legislation prohibiting the use, procuring, or offering of a child for all forms of commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that laws providing free basic education include all children in Grenada, including non-citizens. - - - - - Provide sufficient funding and resources to allow agencies responsible for the enforcement of labor laws to fulfill their mission. - - - Collect and publish labor law enforcement data, including information on inspectorate funding and refresher trainings. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive refresher trainings, including on the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. - - - - - NA - NA - No - - - - Guatemala - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guatemala - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2021, Guatemala made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established Mobile Units for the Prevention of Sexual Violence, Exploitation, and Human Trafficking Program in order to provide services and raise awareness on human trafficking in rural and remote communities. The Public Ministry also opened two new regional prosecutor's offices that will prosecute cases related to trafficking in persons, expanding access to justice for victims. Furthermore, the government amended legislation to increase the reach and budget of the school feeding program by 57 percent, making it available to all students enrolled in public school. Together with UNICEF and Survivors' Foundation, the government launched three new tools aimed at protecting children online. Moreover, Guatemala signed a cooperation agreement with the governments of El Salvador and Honduras to strengthen efforts against trafficking in persons. However, children in Guatemala are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. An insufficient number of labor inspectors and resources limited the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare's ability to combat child labor. In addition, existing social programs are insufficient to reach all children engaged in exploitative labor and, in particular, do not target children engaged in domestic work or agriculture. - - - Broccoli - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Corn - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fireworks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gravel (crushed stones) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 7-14 - 0.065 - 203265 - 0.633 - 0.06 - 0.307 - - - 7-14 - 0.902 - - - 7-14 - 0.033 - - - 0.807 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - $4.96 million - 178 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 16 - 4 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 201 - 122 - 19 - 38 - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Eliminate the exception allowing some children under age 14 to work, or establish a light work framework for children ages 12 to 14 outlining restrictions on working conditions, type of work, and number of hours of work. - - - Clarify whether Ministerial Agreement 260-2019 raises the minimum working age to 15. - - - - - Strengthen the inspectorate to include more on-site investigations of worksites. - - - Ensure that conciliations are properly conducted and in accordance with the labor code. - - - Ensure that inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector, an area in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Improve the quality of inspections by ensuring that inspectors receive effective training, meet with all relevant parties, including workers, and dedicate the necessary time to carry out more comprehensive inspections. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are able to communicate with indigenous language speakers, including those who may be underage, to adequately conduct inspections for child labor violations. - - - Provide sufficient funding and resources to the labor inspectorate to ensure operational needs are met. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Improve effectiveness of child labor complaint and referral mechanisms to ensure timely responses to complaints. - - - Collect and report data on the total amount in fines collected in relation to child labor violations. - - - Ensure that hearings and trials addressing human trafficking and gender-based violence in specialized courts are scheduled in a timely manner and that judges are trained in trafficking in persons concepts. - - - Dedicate more staff and train criminal law enforcement officials, particularly those outside the capital, on laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient resources and staff to conduct quality criminal investigations in all geographical areas of the country, such as assigning a budget specifically to the Special Prosecutor's Office Against Human Trafficking. - - - - - Strengthen coordination efforts to institutionalize relationships between civil society representatives and government agencies that provide services to victims of child labor, for example by fully incorporating civil society participation in the Inter-Institutional Commission Against Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure the Secretariat Against Sexual Violence, Exploitation, and Trafficking in Persons has the resources, authority, and political support necessary to combat human trafficking countrywide. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the key policies related to child labor and that data on these activities to address child labor are published during the reporting period. - - - - - Remove barriers to education for all children, including girls and indigenous children, children with disabilities, and children living in rural areas, by recruiting and training more qualified teachers, providing instruction in indigenous languages, building additional schools with appropriate facilities, increasing security, providing textbooks to all public schools, and removing school fees and transportation costs. - - - Ensure that students have access and equipment for remote education, when necessary. - - - Ensure that children removed from child labor and exploitation situations are provided with adequate social services. - - - Ensure that social programs are implemented, well-funded, able to carry out their objectives and reach populations outside urban centers, and report on yearly activities. - - - Initiate social programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work, and for children who perform other types of hazardous work. - - - Regularly monitor the effectiveness and impact of social programs such as awareness campaigns beyond number of citizens reached. - - - Ensure that civil society organizations and NGOs are able to carry out their work freely and independently. - - - Ensure high standards of safety and care for children in government-run shelters. - - - Ensure the safety of NGO officials, human rights workers, judges, and labor activists to facilitate a secure environment for the implementation of social programs that address and prevent child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - Increasing Collection Action to Address Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Other Unacceptable Conditions of Work in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/increasing-collective --action-address-child-labor-forced-labor-and-other-unacceptable - - - My Rights Matter (Nuyatalil-Woklen: Mis Derechos son Importantes) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/my-rights-matter-nuyatalil-woklen-mis-derechos-son-importantes - - - Combating Child Labor in the Fireworks Industry of Guatemala (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guatemala_Fireworks_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Guinea - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guinea - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Guinea made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. For the first time, it provided a dedicated budget for the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Similar Practices and set up a national hotline to report violations, including those related to labor and trafficking in persons. The government also issued an Emergency Action Plan, as a supplement to the 2020–2022 National Action Plan for Trafficking in Persons, to address the 11 priority recommendations highlighted in the 2021 U.S. Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report. However, children in Guinea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in artisanal mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. The government lacks a coordinating mechanism and national policy to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. Laws related to the minimum age for work also do not meet international standards because they do not include children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. In addition, the government does not implement sufficient social programs to address the extent of the child labor problem. On September 5th, the military launched a coup, seized control of the state, and dissolved the Constitution. The coup and the resulting changes in government likely impacted the ability of the Government of Guinea to fully engage in addressing the worst forms of child labor. - - - Cashews - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Diamonds - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.312 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.542 - - - 7-14 - 0.173 - - - 0.594 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 11500 - 167 - Yes - No - No - Yes - 120 - 120 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13 to comply with international standards; ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which light work may be undertaken and the number of hours that are permitted for children engaged in light work. - - - Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. - - - Establish by law free basic education. - - - - - Provide consistent training, including initial courses and training on new laws, for labor law officials. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between the Ministry of Labor and Public Service and the Ministry of Women's Promotion, Children, and Vulnerable People to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor. - - - Ensure the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections. - - - Conduct labor inspections in the agricultural sector. - - - Ensure labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement officers receive adequate resources to enforce labor laws, including office supplies, fuel, and vehicles. - - - Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts to address the worst forms of child labor, including the numbers of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and penalties imposed. - - - Provide criminal investigators with training on new laws on child labor. - - - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies receive sufficient funding to carry out their mandates. - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to prevent and eliminate child labor. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. - - - Adopt a National Economic and Social Development plan to replace the prior plan that expired in 2020 and incorporate efforts against child labor into the new plan. - - - - - Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children by eliminating fees and associated costs, improving school infrastructure, providing transportation, protecting students from sexual harassment in schools, ensuring pregnant students may continue their studies, and increasing school and teacher availability. - - - Provide all children with access to birth registration. - - - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, forced begging, mining, and street work. - - - Ensure that social services are properly funded and adequately meet the needs of victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Ten-Year Education Program for Guinea during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - - - No - No - No - - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop Exploitive Labor and Educate Children for Tomorrow (SELECT) Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guinea_SELECT_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor and Exploitation through Education in Guinea (CCLEE) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guinea_CCLEE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Guinea-Bissau - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guinea-bissau - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Guinea-Bissau made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government finalized the Code of Integral Child Protection, which aims to harmonize child protection laws, including child labor laws, and serve as a comprehensive national regulation on the protection of children's rights. The National Institute for Women and Children collaborated with the International Organization for Migration, the United Nations Children's Fund, and other partners to develop a legal framework and policies necessary for the implementation of the Code of Integral Child Protection, and provided training and awareness raising related to the new code to community leaders. In addition, the Institute identified and assisted 92 child victims of forced begging and 33 suspected child victims of sexual exploitation. However, children in Guinea-Bissau are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Guinea-Bissau’s legal framework does not sufficiently prohibit the commercial sexual exploitation of children and the minimum age for work is not in compliance with international standards since the law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children without a work contract. Furthermore, law enforcement officials do not receive sufficient training and resources to adequately conduct inspections and prosecute cases of child labor, and social programs do not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. - - - - 5-14 - 0.188 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.976 - - - 7-14 - 0.206 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 33 - Yes - Unknown - N/A - No - 156 - 156 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Unknown - No - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - No - No - No - Yes - N/A - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including children without a work contract. - - - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of a child for prostitution. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that all 9 years of basic education are free. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that the number of law enforcement officials is sufficient to address the scope of the problem, and that both law and criminal enforcement officials receive adequate training and resources to inspect, investigate, and prosecute cases of child labor throughout the country, including in Bafatá and Gabú, where child labor is known to occur. - - - Ensure the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating routine inspections and targeting inspections based on the analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Establish referral mechanisms to ensure that children found during labor inspections and criminal investigations are referred to the appropriate social services providers. - - - Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, initial training provided to new labor inspectors, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. - - - - - Ensure that the Interministerial Commission to Fight Child Labor is able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - Ensure that the Interministerial Committee to Prevent and Combat Trafficking in Persons is provided sufficient funding to be able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Significantly increase efforts to raise national awareness of human trafficking, including child trafficking. - - - Ensure that facilities, including shelters, have adequate resources to assist victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by increasing the number of schools, improving school infrastructure, and providing transportation, particularly in rural areas. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - - - Guyana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guyana - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Guyana made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased its number of inspectors from 17 to 22, exceeding the International Labor Organization's recommendation of 19 inspectors. Guyana also added $250,000 to the country's national budget to fund a shelter that serves adults and children who are survivors of domestic violence and human trafficking. However, children in Guyana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Guyana does not meet the international standard for hazardous work for children because it allows children ages 16 to 17 to conduct night work in industrial activities. In addition, law enforcement agencies have insufficient resources to conduct inspections in remote areas, including a lack of transportation and accommodation. - - - - 5-14 - 0.101 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.969 - - - 7-14 - 0.185 - - - 0.974 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 22 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 860 - 860 - 0 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 8 - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits all commercial sexual exploitation of children by prohibiting the use of children in prostitution. - - - Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits the use of children for illicit activities by prohibiting the use, procuring, or offering of a child for the production or trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits children ages 16 to 17 from engaging in hazardous work that may jeopardize their health, safety, or morals. - - - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate's funding and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected, as well as the number of child labor violations and prosecutions by criminal law enforcement. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient resources to monitor the interior, where child labor is most prevalent, and other remote areas. - - - Ensure the appropriate application of Articles 41 and 46 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act to protect children from work that may harm their physical health or emotional development. - - - - - Permit the Commission on the Rights of the Child to join and participate in the Inter-Ministerial Taskforce on Combatting Trafficking in Persons. - - - Publish updates on activities undertaken by the National Steering Committee on Child Labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies. - - - Ensure that child labor elimination and prevention strategies are included in the National Education Policy and the new 5-Year Strategic Plan for the Commission on the Rights of the Child. - - - - - Ensure that children are not prevented from attending school because of transportation costs and lack of infrastructure, and increase the number of qualified teachers, particularly in rural and interior areas. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in fishing and construction, to inform policies and programs. - - - Develop new initiatives and expand existing programs to reach all children involved in the worst forms of child labor, including programs addressing child labor in the mining industry and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Publish updates on activities implemented through social programs during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Guyana - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guyana_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Haiti - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/haiti - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Haiti made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted standard operating procedures that aim to coordinate the identification, aid, and reintegration of survivors of human trafficking, including children. However, children in Haiti are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and domestic work. Minimum age protections for work apply only to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards requiring all children to be protected. In addition, Haiti lacks a clear minimum age for domestic work and a list of hazardous occupations prohibited to children. Likewise, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties and social programs to address child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - - - - 5-14 - 0.344 - 815993 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.924 - - - 7-14 - 0.349 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - 466 - 190 - 24 - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that minimum age for work protections apply to all children, including those without formal employment contracts. - - - Clarify the minimum age for work, including for domestic work. - - - Adopt a list of hazardous occupations and activities, and ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include work in hazardous agricultural environments. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits slavery. - - - Ensure that the law establishes a minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military, at age 18 or at age 16, with safeguards for voluntariness. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the compulsory education age so that it aligns with the minimum age for work. - - - - - Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement efforts including on labor inspectorate funding; the number of labor inspectors and whether they received initial training; the number and type of labor inspections conducted; the number of violations found and total penalties imposed and collected; and whether routine, targeted, and unannounced inspections were carried out. - - - Ensure that the number of labor and criminal law enforcement agents, and the training and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, are sufficient to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Expand the reach of the hotlines operated by the Brigade for the Protection of Minors and IBESR to facilitate reporting of child exploitation cases in areas beyond Port-au-Prince, including in rural areas, as well as track and publish information on the number of hotline calls related to child labor. - - - Collect and publish complete information on the trainings provided to criminal investigators and data on the number of convictions and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that IBESR conducts child protection inspections, including following up on reported incidents of child labor. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Haiti meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that policies to prevent or address child labor are implemented. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by removing school-related fees; increasing the number of public schools and teachers, especially in rural areas and camps near the border with the Dominican Republic; ensuring that public schools address language barriers; meeting the specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including recent arrivals from the Dominican Republic, unregistered children, child domestic workers, and children with disabilities; and ensuring that children who start their education late or repeat grades are allowed to transition to secondary school. - - - Expand the National Child Protection Database, including by identifying displaced street children and children in domestic work. - - - Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in domestic work, agriculture, and child trafficking. - - - Ensure that all social programs are active and fulfilling their mandates as intended. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Protecting the Working Conditions of People/ Proteje Kondisyon Travay Moun (PWOKONTRAM) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protecting-working-conditions-people-proteje-kondisyon-travay-moun-pwokontram - - - - - Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/honduras - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2021, Honduras made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established a new legal protocol to improve local community coordination on child labor issues and increased penalties for forced labor under the Penal Code from five to eight years’ imprisonment to 10 to 15 years. The government also established the Roadmap for the Elimination of Child Labor in Honduras (2021-2025), which seeks to identify risk factors for vulnerability to child labor, raise awareness of child labor laws, and establish a protocol for responding to child labor violations. Furthermore, government agencies conducted multiple joint inspections targeting child labor throughout the country, and the Ministry of Education launched a new learning management system to address gaps in education caused by the pandemic. However, children in Honduras are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. They are also used to carry out illicit activities, including selling and trafficking drugs. Children also engage in child labor in the production of coffee, melons, and lobsters. Labor law enforcement agencies lack the financial and human resources necessary to fulfill their mandate. Additionally, social programs that address child labor in agriculture have not addressed the problem nationwide. The government also lacks similar programs to eliminate child labor in other sectors, including fishing, mining, domestic work, and forced begging. - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Lobsters - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Melons - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.09 - 168348 - 0.533 - 0.127 - 0.34 - - - 5-14 - 0.879 - - - 7-14 - 0.062 - - - 0.802 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - 3300000 - 162 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 14299 - Unknown - 1 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 10 - 4 - 12 - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work. - - - - - Carry out labor inspections in areas in which child labor is prevalent, such as rural areas, the informal sector, and indigenous communities in which children engage in hazardous activities. - - - Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient funding and resources to carry out their mandates nationwide. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors from 162 to 274 to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that all labor inspectors receive sufficient training on child labor issues. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement information on the number of convictions obtained and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Increase access to education by increasing funding to schools; ensuring that teachers speak local languages or dialects; building more schools, particularly secondary schools, and schools in rural areas; enhancing efforts to protect students from gang recruitment and violence; and removing barriers such as school fees, costs for uniforms, and lack of transportation. - - - Ensure that social programs reach the children who are most vulnerable to child labor, including children of African descent and indigenous children. - - - Expand social programs that address child labor in agriculture and create programs to assist children engaged in child labor in fishing, mining, domestic service, and illicit gang activity. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - Youth Pathways - Central America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-central-america-0 - - - Increasing Collection Action to Address Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Other Unacceptable Conditions of Work in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/increasing-collective --action-address-child-labor-forced-labor-and-other-unacceptable - - - Addressing Child Labor and Forced Labor in the Coffee Supply Chain in Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/addressing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-coffee-supply-chain-honduras - - - Futuros Brillantes: Project to Reduce Child Labor and Improve Labor Rights and Working Conditions in Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/futuros-brillantes-project-reduce-child-labor-and-improve-labor-rights-and-working-0 - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in the Melon Plantations of Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/prevention-and-elimination-child-labor-melon-plantations-honduras - - - - - India - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/india - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, India made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The State Government of Bihar issued the biggest recorded payout to survivors of the Muzaffarpur shelter home case, which involved the victimization of 44 girls between the ages of 7 and 17 for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation. In addition, Indian authorities rescued 58,289 children from child labor during 2020-2021, an increase from previous years. In July 2021, the Anti-Human Trafficking Units in Telangana also rescued more than 2,500 children from child labor and streamlined the state's trafficking prevention and rehabilitation processes. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, the government did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement or criminal law enforcement efforts. Children in India are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in garment production, stone quarrying, and brickmaking. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include all occupations in which children work for long periods in unsafe and unhealthy environments, and penalties for employing children are insufficient to deter violations. There are also serious concerns about widespread corruption among police and other government officials related to the enforcement of child labor crimes, actively impeding the investigation and prosecution of such offenses, and mistreating victims. In addition, children continue to be abused in shelter homes that operate without sufficient government oversight or accountability. - - - Bidis (hand-rolled cigarettes) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Brassware - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Carpets - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cottonseed (hybrid) - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Embellished Textiles - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Fireworks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Gems - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Glass Bangles - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Incense (agarbatti) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Leather Goods/Accessories - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Locks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Matches - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Mica - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Sandstone - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Silk Fabric - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Silk Thread - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Soccer Balls - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Stones - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tea - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Thread/Yarn - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.014 - 3253202 - 0.564 - 0.331 - 0.104 - - - 5-14 - 0.907 - - - 7-14 - 0.003 - - - 0.946 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 are comprehensive, especially in the sectors in which children work in unsafe and unhealthy conditions for long periods of time, such as in spinning mills, garment production, carpet making, and domestic work. - - - Ensure that the law that criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups applies to all regions in India, including Jammu and Kashmir. - - - Publish the legal instrument that establishes the minimum age for voluntary recruitment into India's armed forces. - - - Ensure that the law that prohibits the recruitment of children under 18 by armed groups extends to all of India, including Jammu and Kashmir. - - - - - Ensure that the number of labor inspectors in India meets the ILO's technical advice and that there are a sufficient number of inspectors trained and responsible for providing enforcement of child labor laws in all provinces. - - - Ensure that the Anti Human Trafficking Units, including those in Andhra Pradesh, are established. - - - Ensure that all Anti-Human Trafficking Units are operational and receive sufficient funding and human resources to adequately perform their work. Make certain that the funding extends beyond infrastructure reforms to anti-trafficking efforts. - - - Collect and publish national-level data on labor law enforcement, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections conducted, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Ensure adequate training for labor and criminal law inspectors, that an adequate number of labor inspections are conducted, that labor inspections are regularly conducted in all sectors in which child labor occurs, and that the complaint mechanism response time is efficient. - - - Enforce laws related to bonded labor and labor trafficking under the Bonded Labor System Abolition Act. - - - Ensure that the state governments issuing release certificates and providing financial assistance for bonded labor victims and provides full compensation for those freed from bonded labor. - - - Ensure that politically connected individuals on local and state level face prosecution for holding agricultural and brick kiln workers in bonded labor. - - - Collect and publish national-level data from all state governments on trainings for criminal investigators, the number of criminal investigations, the number of violations found, the number of prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions. Ensure that penalties are imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor, and that a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. - - - Ensure law enforcement who mistreat human trafficking survivors or delay or jeopardize cases face proper disciplinary action. - - - Ensure that law enforcement investigates child labor crimes and registers the First Information Reports in a timely manner, including for cases involving bonded labor. - - - Consistently impose penalties that are sufficiently costly as to meaningfully deter child labor law violations. - - - Ensure that public officials who facilitate or participate in the worst forms of child labor are held accountable, including officials who accept bribes in exchange for protection from the law. - - - Ensure that there is implementation of survivor protection measures in courts, and ensure that judges and prosecutors at Protection of Children From Sexual Offences Act courts have adequate training or expertise on crimes involving the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Fully implement standard operating procedures that provide financial assistance to survivors rescued from bonded labor, including children, and ensure that bonded labor cases are fast tracked to ensure that survivors receive financial assistance and are issued release certificates in a timely manner. - - - Investigate suspected abuses and misconduct at both government-run and government-funded, privately-run shelter homes. Ensure that all shelter homes are registered and subject to adequate oversight. Ensure that all shelters have mechanisms in place to protect children from physical and sexual abuse, and that all staff members receive adequate training on how to recognize and report signs of abuse. - - - Ensure that staff members at shelter homes receive proper training to recognize signs of abuse. Additionally, establish mechanisms to protect children in shelter homes from physical and sexual abuse. - - - Ensure that law enforcement agencies have adequate technological and financial resources to respond to technological tools used by traffickers. - - - Increase prosecution rates for human trafficking cases. Convict perpetrators, as appropriate, and ensure adequate sentencing. - - - - - Ensure coordination mechanisms exist between the local police and AHTUs, including for transferring human trafficking cases to the correct unit. - - - - - Encourage states and territories that do not currently have action plans for the elimination of child labor to establish such plans. - - - - - Ensure equitable and broad access to education by providing adequate financial resources dedicated to remote learning assets and penalizing education officials who engage in discrimination and harassment of children. - - - Reduce barriers to education, in particular for refugee children and children from marginalized communities, by providing sufficient training for teachers, providing separate and sanitary washrooms for girls, and increasing the number of available schools, especially in rural areas in which inadequate infrastructure and transportation options limit access to education. - - - Ensure that data on exploitative child labor are made available to the public, including findings from district-level bonded labor surveys and raw data from the national census. - - - Ensure that Ujjwala and Swadhar Greh shelter homes meet registration guidelines for gaining licensure, including by acting on the application within the prescribed timeframe. - - - Ensure that shelter homes are safe and not operating as hostels, including by providing accommodations to non-victim residents. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - Supply Chain Tracing and Engagement Methodologies (STREAMS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/streams-supply-chain-tracing-and-engagement-methodologies - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-4 - - - Converging Against Child Labor: Support for India's Model - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_ConvergenceModel_0.pdf - - - Preventing and Eliminating Child Labor in Identified Hazardous Sectors (INDUS) – Migrant Child Labor Addendum - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_INDUS_MigrantChildAdden_CLOSED.pdf - - - Preventing and Eliminating Child Labor in Identified Hazardous Sectors (INDUS) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_INDUS_CLOSED.pdf - - - Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Indonesia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/indonesia - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Indonesia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection launched a hotline to connect with child labor or child trafficking survivors requiring outreach, case management, shelter, mediation, and victim services. The government also issued Regulation No. 78/2021 on the Special Protection on Children, which requires the central and regional governments to provide comprehensive protection to children who are survivors of the worst forms of child labor, as well as children from minority groups and with disabilities. In addition, the Ministry of Manpower employed 1,503 labor inspectors in 2021, up from 1,352 labor inspectors in 2020. However, children in Indonesia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in plantation agriculture, including in palm oil and tobacco production. The Ministry of Manpower continued to lack the financial resources and personnel necessary to fully enforce child labor laws throughout the country. - - - Crude Palm Oil - No - No - No - Yes - Indonesia - - - Crude Palm Kernel Oil - No - No - No - Yes - Indonesia - - - Fish - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Footwear (sandals) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Oleochemicals - No - No - No - Yes - Indonesia - - - Palm Fruit - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Refined Palm Oil - No - No - No - Yes - Indonesia - - - Refined Palm Kernel Oil - No - No - No - Yes - Indonesia - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tin - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.037 - 816363 - 0.616 - 0.12 - 0.265 - - - 10-14 - 0.924 - - - 10-14 - 0.021 - - - 1.023 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - $12.2 million - 1503 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 12419 - 12419 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 3 - Unknown - Unknown - 2 - No - N/A - No - Yes - 2 - - - - - Ensure that threats, the use of force, and coercion do not need to be established for the crime of child trafficking. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including jockeying in horse racing. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be permitted. - - - Establish by law free basic public education by removing provisions that permit schools to charge fees. - - - - - Ensure that labor inspectorate funding is sufficient to cover infrastructure, transportation, and fuel requirements to enable labor inspectors to carry out inspections. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors conduct inspections for child labor violations in all relevant workplaces, including the informal sector. - - - Ensure that all labor law and criminal law enforcement personnel receive adequate training on child labor regulations, including refresher trainings. - - - Collect and publish national criminal law enforcement data on the number of child labor violations, including the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement information, including the number of violations found and prosecutions initiated for crimes relating to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - - - Sufficiently fund Provincial and District Task Forces and require them to incorporate national anti-trafficking in persons policies and recommendations into their policy priorities on the elimination of trafficking of women and children. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Conduct research to determine the types of labor activities carried out by children, including in construction and street work sectors, to inform social policies and programs. - - - Collect and publish prevalence data on child laborers ages 5 through 10. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, including ensuring that all children are able to obtain a government-issued student identification number so they can attend school. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- -addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean - - - PROMOTE: Decent Work for Domestic Workers to End Child Domestic Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promote-decent-work-domestic-workers-end-child-domestic-work - - - Eliminate Exploitive Child Labor through Education and Economic Development (EXCEED) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminate-exploitive-child-labor-through-education-and-economic-development-exceed - - - Project of Support to the Indonesia Timebound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor-Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_TBP_PhaseII_0.pdf - - - Enable Program: Enabling ACEH to Combat Exploitation through Education (ENABLE/ACEH) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_ENABLEACEH_TsunamiRelief_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Enable Program: Enabling Communities to Combat Child Trafficking Through Education - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_ENABLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Support to the Indonesian National Plan of Action and the Development of the Timebound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (Including ACEH Addendum) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Fishing and Footwear Sectors Program to Combat Hazardous Child Labor in Indonesia, Phase 2 - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/fishing-and-footwear-sectors-program-combat-hazardous-child-labor-indonesia-phase-2 - - - SAFE Seas - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/safe-seas - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Fishing Sector in Indonesia and the Philippines- Phases I and II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthEastAsia_Fishing_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Iran - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/iran - Middle East and North Africa - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Carpets - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - Iraq - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/iraq - Middle East and North Africa - Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Iraq made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2021, Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs launched a campaign with the International Labor Organization to raise awareness about child labor among students, families, and employers of sectors where child labor is present. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Iraq is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Iraqi and Kurdistan Regional Government authorities In 2021 may have inappropriately detained or punished children allegedly affiliated with ISIS—some of whom were victims of forcible recruitment and use. Children in Iraq are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. The government did not provide information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. It also continues to lack programs that focus on assisting children involved in the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.048 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.784 - - - 7-14 - 0.042 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - No - N/A - No - No - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - No - N/A - No - No - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - No - N/A - No - No - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - No - N/A - No - No - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - No - 12 - No - No - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - - - Ensure that the laws comprehensively prohibit child trafficking in all parts of Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, and do not require force or coercion for their application, in accordance with international standards. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of a child in prostitution and the use, procuring, and offering of a child for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law in Iraq criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Increase the age of compulsory schooling in Iraq to at least age 15, the minimum age for work. - - - - - Publish labor law enforcement information, such as the funding of the labor inspectorate, number of inspectors, inspections, and violations. - - - Ensure children picked up by authorities for begging are screened for trafficking indicators. - - - Ensure that routine labor inspections are carried out in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. - - - Ensure that children who are victims of trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation are not imprisoned and are granted access to social services providers and humanitarian assistance. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training, including refresher courses, on child labor and that they have sufficient resources to carry out their duties. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensure adequate funding to enforce legal protections against child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement on the worst forms of child labor in Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. - - - Ensure that children are not arrested, detained, tortured, or denied services on the basis of their or their family members' perceived ties to ISIS. - - - Ensure that armed groups that recruit and use children are held criminally accountable. - - - Ensure that allegations of sexual exploitation and trafficking of girls in IDP camps by government officials are investigated and those responsible are held criminally liable. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies meet and are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Implement the Child Protection Policy in Iraq, and adopt a child labor policy in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region for other worst forms of child labor present in Iraq, including forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Implement programs to ensure that children are discouraged from enlisting in armed groups and receiving military training. - - - Ensure that universal access to education is consistent with international standards, including for refugee and internally displaced children and children with special needs, and that programs address barriers to education, including the lack of teachers, the destruction and lack of local schools, costs of transportation and school supplies, lack of infrastructure, especially during school closures. Ensure that the lack of identification documents does not hinder access to education, including for IDPs and refugees, children with suspected ties to ISIS, and children of “informal” marriages. - - - Implement programs to address child labor in relevant sectors in Iraq, such as the provision of services to children in commercial sexual exploitation, to demobilize and reintegrate children engaged in armed groups, and to provide informal education programs and shelters for human trafficking survivors. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Jamaica - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/jamaica - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Jamaica made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government amended its Trafficking in Persons Act by removing the option of fines as punishment for certain severe offenses, such as commercial sexual exploitation of children, and increasing the maximum fine for other offenses. It also launched a 211 hotline to replace the previous 888-PROTECT line, making it easier for the public to report child labor cases. Moreover, 150 justices were trained on how to identify and report suspected cases of trafficking, including child trafficking and child labor violations. However, children in Jamaica are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and use in illicit activities. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and street work. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, its laws do not provide higher penalties for using, procuring, or offering children for the production and distribution of drugs than penalties imposed for these same crimes when the victims are adults. Moreover, the number of labor inspectors is insufficient for the size of Jamaica's workforce. - - - - 5-14 - 0.062 - 30111 - 0.165 - 0.029 - 0.806 - - - 5-14 - 0.989 - - - 7-14 - 0.072 - - - 0.769 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 3200000 - 39 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 2328 - 1679 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 28 - 6 - 3 - 2 - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that legislation includes higher penalties for the use of children for the production and distribution of drugs. - - - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is defined in law and is the same as the minimum age for work. - - - Establish by law that free basic public education is available to all children, regardless of citizenship. - - - Pass legislation that will determine the specific light work activities and hours permissible for children ages 13 and 14 to facilitate enforcement. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure enforcement of child labor laws for hazardous work, particularly in domestic work, agriculture, fishing, construction, wholesale, and retail sectors. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical guidance. - - - - - Ensure that the Child Protection and Family Services Agency and any other relevant agency or coordinating body has the authority and resources necessary to effectively coordinate between child labor, human trafficking, and other child-related issues. - - - Publish and make publicly available activities undertaken by coordinating bodies to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Increase the integration of child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing and future policies. - - - - - Ensure that social programs adequately address child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, and expand programs designed to assist child laborers involved in street work, commercial sexual exploitation, agricultural work, and other worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural areas. - - - Ensure that school costs, such as uniforms, books, food, and transportation, do not diminish access to free public education. - - - Implement a program to report, identify, and find missing children who may have been forced into child labor. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key programs related to child labor, including the Trafficking in Persons Club in School Program. - - - Ensure all students, including those at traditional and non-traditional schools, receive a high-quality education. - - - Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children working in farming and fishing to inform policies and programs. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Jamaica - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jamaica_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Jordan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/jordan - Middle East and North Africa - No - Significant Advancement - In 2021, Jordan made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted several amendments to the Law on the Prevention of Human Trafficking, including adding organized begging to the categories of trafficking crimes, and launched a new website for the public to submit labor complaints, which includes a dedicated channel for child soldiers. The government also amended the National Framework to Combat Child Labor to reflect the Ministry of Social Development's responsibility to protect working children as specified in Juvenile Law No. 32 of 2014. Additionally, it established a new program—Addressing the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Agriculture Sector—that aims to reduce child labor in agriculture in rural and remote parts of Mafraq and the Jordan Valley. Moreover, the government formed an interagency committee to update the National Strategy to Combat Child Labor; the committee met six times and agreed on a draft updated strategy. However, children in Jordan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Moreover, Syrian children still face barriers to accessing education due to socioeconomic pressures, bullying, and the costs associated with transportation and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the scope of government programs is insufficient to fully address the extent of child labor, including in construction and street vending. - - - - 5-14 - 0.01 - 33182 - 0.432 - 0.142 - 0.426 - - - 5-14 - 0.948 - - - 7-14 - 0.01 - - - 0.816 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 353107 - 170 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 71686 - 71686 - 923 - 97 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - - - Improve the quality of the Ministry of Labor's hotline by making it easier to locate and ensuring that operators, including those who speak foreign languages, are available outside of business hours, and all messages are addressed. - - - Publish the number of labor law penalties imposed that were collected. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO technical advice. - - - Ensure that criminal investigations are conducted on the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigators, violations, prosecutions, and convictions. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources to fulfill its mandate. - - - Ensure that the number of inspections conducted per labor inspector affords inspectors enough time to adequately identify and remediate labor law violations. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to eliminate all worst forms of child labor and other forms of child labor, including street and farm work. - - - - - Implement the Plan of Action to Eliminate Child Labor in Tourism in Petra. - - - - - Continue to expand access to education for all children including Syrian and non-Syrian refugees, ensuring that students have transportation, are able to purchase supplies and uniforms, students are not bullied or harassed, and school hours are extended. - - - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor in construction and street vending. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Moving Towards a Child Labor-Free Jordan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/moving-towards-child-labor-free-jordan - - - Promising Futures: Reducing Child Labor in Jordan Through Education and Sustainable Livelihoods - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promising-futures-reducing-child-labor-jordan-through-education-and-sustainable - - - Combating Exploitive Labor through Education (CECLE) in Jordan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jordan_CECLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Jordan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jordan_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Kazakhstan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kazakhstan - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Kazakhstan made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved dedicated funding for agencies to address the trafficking of children, increased penalties for sex crimes against children, and included child labor identifiers on labor inspection checklists. In addition, it adopted a new national action plan to combat trafficking in persons for 2021–2023 and published a number of reports on current action plans to address human trafficking and child labor. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Kazakhstan is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it implemented a law that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. On December 30, 2021, the President of Kazakhstan signed a law significantly restricting the circumstances under which unannounced inspections can be performed. The new law, which will come into effect on January 1, 2023, codifies and expands the government’s existing practice since January 2020. Under the newly revised Entrepreneurial Code, unannounced inspections will be prohibited in all cases except in the presence of compelling grounds and supporting evidence enclosed to such a complaint, or if an inspection is mandated by judicial or tax authorities. The lack of unannounced inspections may leave potential violations of child labor laws and other labor abuses undetected in workplaces. Children in Kazakhstan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in markets. The government lacks current, comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton production. In addition, labor inspections of small enterprises are permitted only in cases that pose a mass threat to life and health, law and social order, or national security. - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.032 - 79690 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.907 - - - 7-14 - 0.036 - - - 1.02 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 19 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 256 - Yes - No - No - Yes - 4300 - 4300 - 9 - 9 - 9 - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 2 - 2 - 1 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - Ensure that minimum age provisions and hazardous work prohibitions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. - - - Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which children may engage in light work. - - - - - Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers for onsite and unannounced inspections. - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate's funding and provide trainings for new labor inspectors as well as trainings on new labor laws. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Lift the moratorium on labor inspections at small enterprises and ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections at such businesses as appropriate. - - - Strengthen detection of child labor by ensuring that targeted enforcement efforts, such as raids and labor inspections, are undertaken throughout the year and in all sectors in which children are vulnerable to child labor, including in agriculture. - - - Increase the number of human trafficking-focused law enforcement officers to ensure adequate enforcement of criminal prohibitions against the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Conduct research to gather comprehensive data on child labor, including the activities carried out by children working in agriculture, in construction, and in services, to inform policies and programs. - - - Remove barriers that prevent migrant children who are above the minimum age for work to obtain work permits. - - - Ensure that all children have access to education, including children with irregular migration status and children with disabilities, and raise awareness in vulnerable communities about existing remedies for denial of school enrollment. - - - Ensure that Juvenile Care Centers continue to operate, and publicize information on activities undertaken during the reporting period. - - - Institute programs to address child labor, particularly in the agriculture and service sectors. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Kenya - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kenya - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Kenya made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Local child labor officers in Nairobi facilitated trainings for police officers and users of the court system related to key laws protecting children from the worst forms of child labor. In addition, the government published updated information on child labor prevalence in Kenya. However, Kenya is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Elements within the Kenyan Defense Forces provided various forms of in-kind support--including harboring, training, intelligence-gathering, and payment of salaries--to a Somali federal member state that is strongly implicated in the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Children in Kenya are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced domestic service. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Key coordinating committees related to elimination of child labor lack adequate resources to carry out their mandates and the labor inspectorate does not have sufficient financial and human resources, affecting its ability, to ensure that child labor laws are enforced. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sand - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sisal - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.116 - 1468203 - 0.463 - 0.156 - 0.382 - - - 5-14 - 0.939 - - - 7-14 - 0.115 - - - 0.997 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 130 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 3458 - 3458 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - 38 - Unknown - 22 - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Accede to the CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Ensure that light work provisions limit the number of hours for all light work activities. - - - Raise the minimum age of work to align with the compulsory education age of eighteen and ensure that children up to the compulsory education age are covered by the light work provisions. - - - Ensure that laws providing free basic education cover all children in Kenya, including non-citizens. - - - - - Publish information about labor law enforcement efforts, including the funding of the labor inspectorate, the number of child labor violations, and the number of child labor violations in which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations. - - - Ensure that measures are taken to investigate and impose penalties for violations of child labor by government officials. - - - Ensure criminal law enforcement investigators receive trainings, including training of new investigators. - - - Publish information about criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, including the number of violations found and convictions. - - - Ensure that magistrates receive training on laws protecting children from the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Strengthen coordination between the Child Labor Unit and the Department of Children Services, including sharing of child protection data and referral of child laborers for rehabilitation services. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies receive sufficient funding to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure all policies are implemented according to their mandates, including the National Policy on the Elimination of Child Labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - Provide sufficient resources for public institutions mandated for developing and implementing child labor policies. - - - - - Take measures to ensure that armed groups recruiting and using children are not receiving financial, training, transportation, and other forms of in-kind support from Kenyan Defense Forces and hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. - - - Take measures to expand birth registration to improve accessibility to education and social services protecting children from child labor. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and refugee children, by ensuring that pregnant girls can remain in school, improving access to birth registration documents, increasing the number of schools, and improving existing educational facilities in refugee camps. - - - Improve access to education by increasing the number of schools and teachers, addressing sexual abuse in schools, and eliminating or defraying the cost of school fees, books, and uniforms. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network (GAN) National Networks - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 - - - Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - Better Utilization of Skills for Youth through Quality Apprenticeships (BUSY) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/better-utilization-skills-youth-busy-through-quality-apprenticeships - - - Creating The Enabling Environment To Establish Models For Child Labor Free Areas In Kenya: Support To The Implementation Of The National Action Plan For The Elimination Of The Worst Forms Of Child Labor With Special Focus On Agriculture And Older Children - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/creating-enabling-environment-establish-models-child-labor-free-areas-kenya-support - - - Supporting the National Plan of Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Kenya - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Kenya_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Kiribati - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kiribati - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Kiribati made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government funded a pilot program to conduct child labor inspections and collect data on the nature of child labor. The government also provided data on labor law enforcement and criminal law enforcement efforts in 2021. Additionally, the government finalized and endorsed an interagency referral pathway that strengthens child protection case management. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Kiribati are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Existing laws do not identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. In addition, the government has not adopted a national policy to address the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.146 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.958 - - - 7-14 - 0.297 - - - 0.934 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 17300 - 5 - Yes - No - N/A - No - 81 - 81 - 9 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 0 - 9 - 0 - 0 - No - N/A - No - Yes - 0 - - - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that the law specifies the activities and number of hours of work per week that are acceptable for children engaged in light work, and the conditions under which children can engage in light work. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Institutionalize training on child labor laws for labor inspectors and criminal investigators, including initial training for new labor inspectors and investigators and refresher courses for all existing inspectors and investigators. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring sufficient resources to support labor law enforcement activities. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are inspecting the informal sector and high-risk sectors where there is evidence of child labor violations, including its worst forms. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in all sectors to inform policies and programs. - - - Implement social programs to address all relevant forms of child labor, including in construction and street vending. - - - Implement programs to address the issue of commercial sexual exploitation of young girls by crew members from foreign fishing vessels. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Kosovo - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kosovo - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Kosovo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted two administrative instructions to facilitate implementation of the new Law on Child Protection, and law enforcement agencies made use of new technologies developed specifically to track child labor cases. Government entities and civil society organizations also participated in trainings on juvenile justice and social protection for vulnerable youth, and the government continued to support a number of social programs for at-risk children. However, children in Kosovo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work, including begging and loading and transporting goods. The Labor Inspectorate and Centers for Social Work face financial and human resource constraints, which may impede their ability to adequately address child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.09 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.956 - - - 7-14 - 0.117 - - - Unavailable - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 920700 - 37 - Yes - N/A - No - No - 10162 - 4623 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 124 - 99 - 67 - 7 - No - No - No - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that Centers for Social Work have sufficient capacity, human resources, and training to address the specific needs of child labor victims. - - - Incorporate topics on child labor, including hazardous child labor, in both new employee training and refresher courses offered by the Labor Inspectorate and law enforcement; ensure that trainings on new child labor laws are provided to all labor inspectors and law enforcement personnel. - - - Ensure that the Kosovo Police are trained to identify and properly classify cases of forced begging. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement authorities receive adequate training on violations related to child labor. - - - - - Ensure that the municipal local action committees are active. - - - Ensure that inter-ministerial communication between the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other government entities on issues concerning policymaking and enforcement related to child labor is improved. - - - - - Ensure that the National Strategy Against Human Trafficking for 2020–2024 is fully implemented. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including by making additional efforts to register Ashkali, Balkan Egyptian, and Roma children at birth and ensuring the availability of native-language teaching materials and subsidized transportation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - - - Kyrgyz Republic - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kyrgyz-republic - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law and Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, the Kyrgyz Republic made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The President of the Kyrgyz Republic signed a decree to improve children's access to and the quality of primary and secondary education. The Ministry of Labor, Social Development, and Migration and the Ministry of Internal Affairs also continued development of the 2022–2025 National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons, and in December 2021, finalized and sent it to the Cabinet of Ministers for review and consideration for adoption. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Kyrgyz Republic is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a law and practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Although the government's moratorium on labor inspections expired on January 1, 2022, the moratorium remained in place throughout 2021. The government amended this moratorium in 2020 to permit labor inspections based on formal complaints; however, the Ministry of Economy was required to approve worksite visits associated with such inspections, and in practice, it announced these visits in advance. The restrictions placed on unannounced inspections may have allowed potential violations of child labor laws and other labor abuses to go undetected in workplaces. The COVID-19 pandemic and a large-scale reorganization of government ministries further restricted the government's ability to address child labor issues. The government did not provide complete information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. Children in the Kyrgyz Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Protections to children granted in the Labor Code, such as the minimum age of employment, are not extended to children engaged in non-contractual employment, and research indicated that labor law enforcement efforts are not targeted to all sectors in which children are vulnerable to child labor, especially agriculture. In addition, the scope of social programs to address child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.34 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.947 - - - 7-14 - 0.384 - - - 1.081 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 103 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - No - 3 - 103 - 3 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution and ensure that laws prohibiting offering of children for prostitution cover all children under age 18. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which children may undertake light work. - - - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections, and assesses penalties as appropriate. - - - Publish complete information about the Ministry of Labor, Social Development, and Migration's efforts to enforce prohibitions on child labor, including information on the inspectorate's funding, the number of labor inspections conducted, and the number of penalties assessed and collected. - - - Strengthen the labor inspection system by providing child labor training for new labor inspectors and provide to all labor inspectors refresher courses on child labor that include information about changes to child labor laws. - - - Ensure that child labor violations identified by criminal enforcement agencies are appropriately referred to the Ministry of Labor, Social Development, and Migration. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and ensure that inspectors have adequate resources to conduct inspections. - - - Conduct targeted inspections in all sectors in which children are highly vulnerable to child labor, including in rural areas and in agriculture. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor, Social Development, and Migration and relevant social services providers have the capacity to adequately implement the child labor complaint mechanism. - - - Publish complete information about criminal law enforcement efforts to enforce prohibitions on child labor, including information on training, number of violations found, convictions for child labor violations, and penalties imposed. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies investigate, prosecute, and impose penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor under the appropriate statutes, including cases of possible law enforcement and judicial complicity in abusing victims and protecting offenders. - - - - - Ensure that the procedures for needs assessment of the Children's Affairs Commission are appropriate for traumatized children, including children who were engaged in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Strengthen the Children's Affairs Commission by empowering relevant social services providers to assist, as appropriate, with investigations related to child labor. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement government policies to address child labor and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - - - Improve understanding of child labor issues in the Kyrgyz Republic by regularly collecting and maintaining data on child labor. - - - Ensure that all children have access to free education, including children with disabilities, those living and working on the street, those lacking residence registration, and those without birth certificates and guardianship documents. - - - Ensure that social programs, such as the Cash Transfer Program, provide sufficient benefits to reduce vulnerability to child labor and are accessible to families. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in commercial sexual exploitation and in agriculture, including cultivating cotton. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Lebanon - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/lebanon - Middle East and North Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Lebanon made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. A United Nations Children's Fund-funded project trained police officers in Tripoli to identify child labor and refer children to social services. However, children in Lebanon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including use in the production and trafficking of drugs, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced labor in agriculture. Children also engage in child labor in the production of potatoes and tobacco. Furthermore, government officials continued to indicate that funding is insufficient to properly carry out their duties. In addition, labor inspectors can only conduct inspections in formal places of employment, in which child labor is nearly non-existent, and social programs targeting child labor remained insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. - - - Potatoes - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 34 - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - 46 - 46 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict, which the government signed in 2002. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including informal workers, domestic workers, and all agricultural workers. - - - - - Ensure that there is an adequate mechanism to receive and log child labor complaints and refer them for investigation. - - - Track and publish information on labor law enforcement. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Provide Ministry of Labor inspectors with proper funding and resources. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Publish information on criminal enforcement of child labor laws. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies, including the Internal Security Forces' anti-human trafficking unit, have the necessary funding and staff to investigate and prosecute criminal cases of child labor in accordance with the law. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that the Work Plan to Prevent and Respond to the Association of Children with Armed Violence in Lebanon is implemented, and that children previously associated with armed conflict receive social and rehabilitation services. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period and that data on these activities are published. - - - Adopt a new action plan to address the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs.​ - - - Ensure access to public education for all children, including refugees, by improving transportation, addressing bullying and harassment, accommodating students with disabilities, and improving facilities. - - - Expand programs, including social services for human trafficking survivors, to fully address the extent of child labor, including in construction and forced labor in agriculture. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Alternatives to Combat Child Labor Through Education and Sustainable Services in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/MidEast_LebanonYemen_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the National Policy and Program Framework for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (WFCL) in Lebanon and Yemen: Consolidating Action against WFCL - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/MidEast_LebanonYemen_IPEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Lesotho - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/lesotho - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Lesotho made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Lesotho’s Multisectoral Committee on Combating Trafficking in Persons launched the National Referral Mechanisms in Trafficking in Persons. The Government of Lesotho also created standard operating procedures for responding to human trafficking violations, with the Home Affairs Ministry distributing the documents in the 10 districts of the country. In addition, the labor inspectorate significantly increased the number of inspections conducted during the reporting period. However, children in Lesotho are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in animal herding. Lesotho’s compulsory education age is below the minimum age for work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The government also lacks effective coordination mechanisms to address child labor, and labor inspections are not conducted in high-risk sectors, including the informal sector. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.301 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.938 - - - 7-14 - 0.321 - - - 0.856 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 13 - No - No - - - - N/A - 27 - No - No - N/A - Yes - 940 - 500 - 1 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 - No - N/A - No - Yes - No - - - - - Establish age 15 as the age up to which education is compulsory to match the minimum age for full-time work. - - - - - Provide adequate funding and training for labor inspectors to carry out mandated duties. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive an adequate amount of funding, training, and resources with which to conduct investigations. - - - Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all relevant sectors, including the informal sector. - - - Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. - - - Publish the funding for the labor inspectorate. - - - - - Improve coordination and communication among coordinating bodies to clarify mandates to address all forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that there is a policy for the elimination of child labor to replace the expired National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. - - - Ensure that all actions plans are active and being implemented according to their mandates. - - - - - Institute programs that address factors that promote child labor, including the high HIV rate among the adults. - - - Ensure that children with disabilities have equal access to education. - - - Address educational and logistical gaps resulting in reduced opportunities for secondary education, including the shortage of teachers and schools, sanitation facilities, and secondary school fees. - - - Increase birth registrations of children to reduce their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem and ensure that this information is publicly available. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 - - - - - Liberia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/liberia - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Liberia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government ratified the International Labor Organization Convention No. 138: Convention Concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment and passed amendments to the 2005 Anti-Human Trafficking Law that remove the requirement of force, fraud, or coercion in child sex trafficking cases. In addition, it removed 38 children from situations of labor exploitation or endangerment and referred them to the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection for social services or placement in shelters. However, children in Liberia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of rubber and the mining of gold and diamonds. Liberia has yet to accede to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child's Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict or the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. Moreover, social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem in the country. - - - Diamonds - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.166 - 136340 - 0.784 - 0.042 - 0.174 - - - 5-14 - 0.759 - - - 7-14 - 0.14 - - - 0.606 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - - 25000 - 55 - No - No - No - No - 556 - 556 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - 8 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the compulsory education age to be consistent with the minimum age for employment. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, and include the hazards involved in the production of rubber, mining of diamonds and gold, and construction, including carrying heavy loads. - - - - - Ensure that penalties for employing children under the minimum age for work are stringent enough to deter violations. - - - Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all sectors in which children work. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor violations. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate’s complaint and referral mechanism is adequately supported and operational. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor, including the violations found and the penalties applied. - - - Ensure adequate funding for child labor enforcement agencies, such as the Ministry of Labor, the Liberia National Police, and the Women and Children Protection Section, and provide necessary training for such officials to enforce child labor laws. - - - Disaggregate the child endangerment cases prosecuted through the Ministry of Justice to determine the number of cases related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure adequate funding for the National Commission on Child Labor's program activities to address child labor. - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies, including the Anti-Human Trafficking Task Force, are implementing effective case referral mechanisms. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies. - - - Publish information about the activities taken to implement policies that address child labor. - - - - - Collect and publish comprehensive research data to determine child labor activities and to inform policies and programs. - - - Improve access to education by subsidizing the cost of school-related costs, and reduce barriers to education by building additional schools, addressing sexual abuse in schools, and providing adequate transportation. - - - Ensure that children do not leave school before the completion of compulsory education. - - - Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially in forced domestic work, the production of rubber, commercial sexual exploitation, and the mining of gold and diamonds. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Actions to Reduce Child Labor (ARCH) in Areas of Rubber Production - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/actions-reduce-child-labor-arch-areas-rubber-production - - - CYCLE - Countering Youth and Child Labor through Education in Sierra Leone and Liberia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_CYCLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Madagascar - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/madagascar - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Madagascar made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government released studies measuring the prevalence of child labor in mining and street begging and officially launched its action plan to target child labor in the mica sector. Criminal law enforcement officials also secured arrests and convictions for cases involving child pornography and commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition, the government initiated a new program in collaboration with UNICEF to improve, among other targets, education and child protection. Although Madagascar made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, the government failed to investigate reports of some officials accepting bribes to produce and issue false identity documents to facilitate commercial sexual exploitation of minors. Children in Madagascar are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the mica mining sector and in agriculture, including in the production of vanilla. Limited resources for the enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor, and social programs to address child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - - - Mica - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sapphires - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Stones - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Vanilla - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.432 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.688 - - - 7-14 - 0.338 - - - 0.633 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 27000 - 190 - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - Yes - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Investigate and prosecute public officials who are allegedly complicit in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish complete enforcement information related to child labor, including the number and types of labor inspections conducted, the number of violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. - - - Ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials receive appropriate and regular refresher training on child labor issues. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives adequate funding to enforce child labor laws and to conduct a sufficient number of inspections, including in rural and agricultural areas and the informal sector. - - - Ensure that inspectors regularly exercise their authority to conduct routine unannounced inspections rather than conduct inspections primarily in response to complaints. - - - Enhance the effectiveness of existing complaint hotline databases by tracking data on child labor-related complaints. - - - Disseminate and enforce the 2018 decree expanding the list of hazardous occupations for children. - - - Ensure criminal law enforcement authorities investigate cases of child trafficking when identified. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement data on the types of trainings conducted, the number of violations found, the number of investigations and prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions achieved with respect to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, equipment, and transportation to address the worst forms of child labor. - - - Strengthen the court systems to ensure perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor are properly investigated, prosecuted, and sentenced. - - - - - Ensure that relevant coordinating mechanisms are adequately funded and are actively implementing their mandates. - - - - - Ensure policies are appropriately funded to enable effective execution. - - - Ensure that policies related to child labor are implemented, and report on actions taken. - - - Develop and adopt a new National Action Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor, and finalize new versions of expired policies, such as the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including those in rural communities, by removing fees for supplies and other school-related costs, expanding school infrastructure and transportation services, hiring sufficiently qualified teachers, and ensuring children’s safety in schools. - - - Ensure that social protection systems have adequate funding to provide appropriate services to victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Expand the scope of programs to address child labor in agriculture and the worst forms of child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, begging, and mining. - - - Collect and publish comprehensive data on child labor prevalence in Madagascar. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Evidence to Action: Increasing the Impact of Research to Mobilize Efforts against Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/evidence-action-increasing-impact-research-mobilize-efforts-against-forced-labor - - - Eliminating Child Labor in Mica-Producing Communities and Promoting Responsible Mica Sourcing in Madagascar and Globally (MICA) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labor-mica-producing-communities-and-promoting-responsible-mica - - - Supporting Sustainable and Child Labor Free Vanilla-Growing Communities in SAVA (SAVABE) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-sustainable-and-child-labor-free-vanilla-growing-communities-sava-savabe - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor in Madagascar - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Madagascar_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Madagascar – IPEC's Contribution to the National Action Plan to Eliminate Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Madagascar_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Madagascar Shines: Reducing Child Labor in Mica-Producing Communities in Madagascar - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/madagascar-shines- -reducing-child-labor-mica-producing-communities-madagascar - - - - - Malawi - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/malawi - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Malawi made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Office of the President assented to legislation amending the Employment Act, establishing provisions that abolish the tenancy system. The tenancy system, which causes tenant farmers and their families to fall into debt bondage, has been a source of forced labor, including for children. In addition, the government launched the National Child Labor Advocacy and Communication Strategy to support the implementation of the National Action Plan on Child Labor and published a Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, which included updated statistics on the prevalence of child labor in Malawi. However, children in Malawi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in the harvesting of tobacco and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Minimum age laws do not meet international standards because protections do not extend to children working in private homes and on non-commercial farms. The government did not provide information on its criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor for inclusion in this report. Moreover, gaps continue to exist in labor law enforcement related to child labor, including insufficient financial resource allocation. - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.229 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.895 - - - 7-14 - 0.261 - - - 0.803 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - 676 - 676 - 111 - 14 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all forms of children’s work, including work conducted by children in private homes and on non-commercial farms, receive legal protection, including a minimum age for work that complies with international standards. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Criminalize the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, and inspectorate trainings. - - - Increase resources to the labor inspectorate to conduct regular labor inspections, including in remote and rural areas. - - - Ensure that the number of labor inspectors in Malawi meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement investigators receive training. - - - Ensure that child survivors of commercial sexual exploitation do not fall victim to sexual extortion and are not arrested or detained. - - - - - Ensure that there is a standardized approach and guidance for training and responding to child labor to strengthen coordination and referral mechanisms. - - - - - Make publicly available key national policies, including the National Action Plan for Vulnerable Children. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Children's Policy and publish the results from the activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - Adopt national child labor and child protection policies, with consideration to child labor in agriculture, domestic services, and other sectors in which children in Malawi are working. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Sector Plan and the National Youth Policy. - - - - - Ensure that additional educational costs, an inadequate school infrastructure and number of teachers, long travel distances to reach schools, exposure to sexual violence, and the impact of HIV/AIDS do not serve as barriers to education. - - - Ensure that all children are registered at birth, and increase efforts to register children who are not issued birth certificates at birth. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Child Labor Monitoring System and the Orphans and Vulnerable Children Intervention during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - Improve harmonization of child labor prevention and elimination measures into the National Social Cash Transfer Program to increase its effectiveness in preventing and removing children from child labor. - - - Increase the scope of social programs to reach more children at risk of the worst forms of child labor, and develop specific programs to target children in domestic service and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Project of Support to the National Action Plan (NAP) to Combat Child Labour in Malawi - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-support-national-action-plan-nap-combat-child-labour-malawi - - - Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor in Malawi - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Malawi_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Malaysia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/malaysia - Indo-Pacific - - - Electronics - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Garments - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Palm Fruit - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Rubber Gloves - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - Maldives - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/maldives - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Maldives made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted the Second Amendment to the Prevention of Human Trafficking Act and established an Anti-Trafficking in Persons Office to implement the Anti-Human Trafficking National Action Plan 2020–2022. Moreover, after the newly opened permanent shelter for survivors of trafficking was damaged in a storm, the government opened a different temporary shelter. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Maldives are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, illicit activities, and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. The law does not sufficiently prohibit the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Moreover, the government does not have a policy or program to address all relevant worst forms of child labor in the country. - - - - 5-14 - 0.039 - 2364 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.795 - - - 7-14 - 0.04 - - - 0.917 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 876727 - 15 - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - 124 - 124 - 14 - 0 - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require the use of force, fraud and coercion. - - - Criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, including procuring, offering, and using children for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive training that specifically focuses on child labor issues, including training on new laws, training for new employees, and refresher courses. - - - Provide sufficient funding and training to the police, prosecutors, and other officials, and ensure that investigators have the resources necessary to enforce laws on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that the Maldives Police Service and social services providers receive training on the differences between sex trafficking and sexual abuse, especially in cases involving children. - - - Publish updates on cases received and prosecuted by the Prosecutor General’s Office. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken by the Council for Protecting the Rights of the Children to coordinate efforts related to child labor. - - - - - Adopt a policy to address all relevant forms of child labor and forced labor, including domestic work and drug trafficking. - - - Ensure that adequate standard operating procedures for victim referrals, identification, and services are developed and effectively implemented. - - - - - Conduct and publish a national child labor survey and conduct research on the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and child trafficking. - - - Publish information about activities undertaken to implement social programs, including the Child Helpline and Family and Children's Service Centers. - - - Provide sufficient funding, human resources, and staff training for Family and Child Service Centers and shelters that serve abused and exploited children. - - - Implement and provide sufficient resources for programs that address the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation of children, use of children for drug trafficking, and forced labor in domestic work. - - - Improve access to secondary education, particularly for girls, including by ensuring an adequate number of teachers and secondary schools. - - - Ensure that adequate victim referral mechanisms are established and operational. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Mali - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mali - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Mali made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The transition government imposed and collected penalties for child labor violations, and published data on its labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspections conducted. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mali is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continue to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The government provided support to a non-state armed group that recruited and used child soldiers in Mali. Children in Mali are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in the production of cotton and rice, and in artisanal gold mining. Although Mali's 2012 Trafficking in Persons Law criminalizes trafficking for the purpose of slavery, it does not more broadly criminalize the act of slavery. Malian law also does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering of children for illicit activities, and allows children under the age of 18 to be penalized as a direct result of forced recruitment by armed groups. In addition, a new National Plan to Eliminate Child Labor has not been finalized or implemented, and social and rehabilitation services remain inadequate for victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.492 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.433 - - - 7-14 - 0.26 - - - 0.496 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 115000 - 113 - Yes - N/A - N/A - No - 571 - 571 - Unknown - 85 - 45 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - N/A - No - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that draft anti-trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling laws are finalized and adopted. - - - Ensure that the Labor Code establishes a minimum age no younger than age 13 for light work and specifies the conditions under which light work may be undertaken, in accordance with international standards. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits hereditary slavery. - - - Criminally prohibit the use, procurement, or offering of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs, in accordance with international standards. - - - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups and in any armed conflict. - - - Ensure that the specific ages of children protected by the Interministerial Circular on the Prevention, Protection, and Rehabilitation of Child Soldiers are in compliance with international standards, and ensure that children under age 18 are not penalized as a result of being subjected to forced recruitment into armed conflict. - - - - - Increase labor inspectorate funding and resources, including equipment and transportation to carry out inspections, especially in remote areas of northern Mali. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient enforcement officials throughout the country and that they receive additional training, transportation, and equipment necessary to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including whether refresher courses were provided to labor inspectors, and the number of child labor violations found. - - - Collect child labor statistics regularly, and create a database to track data on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that children are not imprisoned for their association with armed groups, and that they are not kept in detention centers with adults. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement, including whether new criminal investigators received initial training, whether refresher courses were provided, as well as the number of investigations, violations found, and prosecutions initiated, and whether penalties for violations of the worst forms of child labor were imposed. - - - Implement the provisions of the Interministerial Circular and the UN-signed Protocol, which require that children in detention for their association with armed groups be transferred to social services or to UN child protection agencies for appropriate reintegration and social protection services. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement efforts related to child labor are properly funded and resourced. - - - Ensure that government officials are held accountable for interference in legal cases related to crimes concerning the worst forms of child labor, including in cases of slavery and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. - - - Ensure that perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor are prosecuted and convicted in accordance with the law. - - - Ensure that the government does not support non-state armed groups that recruit children into their ranks. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Clarify roles for coordinating mechanisms addressing child labor, and improve coordination among relevant agencies. - - - - - Ensure that the National Plan to Eliminate Child Labor is implemented, including by allocating sufficient financial and human resources. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that the Child Travel Card program also covers foreign citizens. - - - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and those living in conflict-affected areas, by removing school-related fees, expanding school infrastructure, increasing teacher availability, providing free school supplies, and taking measures to ensure the safety of children and teachers in schools. - - - Increase birth registration rates to ensure that children have access to social services, including education. - - - Ensure that the military and non-state armed groups do not occupy schools. - - - Institute new programs to address child labor in all relevant sectors, including domestic work, forced begging, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that government social services have sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for survivors of the worst forms of child labor, including for children subjected to forced begging and children used in armed conflict. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - West Africa Regional Mining - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Other: External Audits of USDOL Funded Projects - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_RoundV_IPEC_FY08_0.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 - - - Support for the Preparation of the Mali Timebound Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mali_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - A Better Future for Mali's Children: Combating Child Trafficking Through Education in Mali - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mali_Trafficking_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Mauritania - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mauritania - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Policy and Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Mauritania made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In January 2022, the Ministry of Labor and Professional Education enacted a decree creating a hazardous work list, identifying 44 forbidden activities. Further, in a major shift in policy, anti-slavery non-governmental organizations were formally registered, allowing them to operate officially and legally. Lastly, Mauritania reported for the first time the number of labor inspections conducted. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mauritania is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a policy and a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Although there were indications of progress, criminal law enforcement authorities did not make adequate efforts to address slavery and its vestiges during the reporting period. In addition, since 2011, the government has required proof of marriage and biological parents’ citizenship for children to obtain a birth certificate. As a result, children born out of wedlock and many Haratine and Sub-Saharan ethnic minority children, including those of slave descent, have been prevented from being registered at birth. Because birth certificates are required for enrollment in secondary school in Mauritania, children as young as age 12 cannot access education, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Mauritania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in indentured and hereditary slavery. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The government did not make sufficient efforts to enforce some laws related to the worst forms of child labor, including laws on hereditary slavery. In addition, a lack of financial resources and mitigation measures intended to limit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic severely limited the government's ability to fully implement policies. Furthermore, social programs to address child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. Moreover, the government did not publish comprehensive information about its labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Goats - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.197 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.683 - - - 7-14 - 0.158 - - - 0.729 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - - 33300 - 233 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 570 - 570 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 2 - No - No - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Ensure that the law's light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be permitted. - - - Raise the compulsory education age to align with the minimum age for work. - - - - - Publish complete information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor law violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, and whether routine inspections were targeted. - - - Increase training and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, including the Anti-Slavery Courts, to adequately enforce labor laws, especially in remote areas and in the informal sector. - - - Increase efforts to ensure that cases of the worst forms of child labor, including hereditary slavery and forced begging, are investigated and prosecuted in accordance with the law. - - - Ensure that judicial sector officials have the proper training and awareness of slavery issues, and that they do not improperly dismiss or fail to refer appropriate cases to the Anti-Slavery Courts. - - - Ensure that information on criminal law enforcement efforts and data are collected and published each year. - - - Increase collaboration and coordination between labor and criminal law enforcement agencies. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that key policies related to child labor receive sufficient resources, including funds, for effective implementation. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Program to Eradicate the Effects of Slavery during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - Expand the scope of programs to address child labor, including in agriculture, herding, and domestic work; and the worst forms of child labor, including hereditary and indentured slavery. - - - Implement a continuous awareness-raising program for government officials on the laws related to slavery and the worst forms of child labor. - - - Conduct research and collect data on slavery to inform the development of effective policies and programs to identify and protect children who are at risk. - - - Increase funding for social programs that provide services to formerly enslaved persons. - - - Ensure that all children are able to obtain birth certificates to increase their access to secondary education and reduce their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase funding dedicated to school infrastructure and teacher availability, especially in rural areas, to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including those from families of slave descent and refugees. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - - - Mauritius - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mauritius - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Mauritius made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Gender Equality and Family Welfare enacted the long-awaited Children's Act, which includes more robust provisions related to child prostitution and child pornography violations. The government also enacted the Children's Court Act, which sets out to ensure a child-friendly environment during court proceedings and establishes a Criminal Division with jurisdiction over sexual offences against children. In addition, the government enacted the Child Sex Offender Register Act, which establishes the Child Sex Offender Register that will assist in monitoring, tracking, and investigating sexual offences against children. However, children in Mauritius are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities. Children also engage in child labor in construction and street work. There are many barriers to education access, including conditions created by the COVID-19 pandemic that place children at greater risk of child labor. In addition, gaps remain in the implementation of key policies and social programs related to child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.964 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 1456841 - 109 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 6890 - 6890 - Unknown - 1 - 1 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 3 - 16 - 0 - 2 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law's light work provisions limit the number of hours for light work. - - - - - Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all sectors in which children work. - - - Allow labor inspectors to conduct unannounced inspections on private properties and throughout the informal sector. - - - Increase the amount of training, human resources, and funding for agencies responsible for enforcing criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that coordination mechanisms to address the worst forms of child labor share information and policy-making decisions, improve coordination, and prevent overlap. - - - Ensure a coordinating body exists that comprehensively addresses child labor. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Adopt a comprehensive National Action Plan to address human trafficking. - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in Mauritius to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that all children, including those with disabilities, have equal access to education. - - - Ensure that child survivors of commercial sexual exploitation have access to comprehensive and quality social services and standards of care. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Eradication of Absolute Poverty Program during the reporting period. - - - Conduct research to further identify children's activities in farming to inform policies and programs. - - - Publish activities undertaken by the National Children's Council during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Mexico - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mexico - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Mexico made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government carried out 5,000 more labor inspections compared to the previous year and established a new voluntary labor reporting system for businesses to confirm compliance with the Labor Code. The Commission on the Rights of Refugee and Migrant Children and Adolescents also published a report on its activities during the year aiming to ensure the best interests of migrant and refugee children, including unaccompanied minors. Additionally, the government published and implemented the National Program for Children and Adolescents 2021 – 2024, and the Benito Juárez Wellbeing National Scholarship Program reached 9.8 million students. However, children in Mexico are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of chile peppers, coffee, sugarcane, and tomatoes. In 2021, the government eliminated many social programs that increased educational access and reduced risk for child labor in marginalized communities. Although nearly 60 percent of all employment in Mexico occurs in the informal sector, federal and some state-level labor inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector only after receiving formal complaints. In addition, labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lacked human and financial resources and the government published limited information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Social programs to eliminate child labor also do not address all relevant sectors in which child labor is found in Mexico. - - - Beans (green beans) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Chile Peppers - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cucumbers - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Eggplants - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Leather Goods/Accessories - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Melons - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Onions - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Poppies - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tomatoes - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.04 - 866293 - 0.303 - 0.161 - 0.536 - - - 5-14 - 0.975 - - - 7-14 - 0.044 - - - 1.025 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 1536366 - 471 - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - 35098 - 35098 - 2 - 2 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 484 - Unknown - Unknown - 42 - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to align with the compulsory education age of 18. - - - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors in accordance with the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. - - - Conduct refresher trainings and train federal and state-level labor inspectors on the Labor Inspection Protocol to Eradicate Child Labor and Protect Adolescent Workers and ensure its guidelines related to identifying and sanctioning child labor violations are followed. - - - Ensure that the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare at the federal and state levels conduct targeted routine and unannounced labor inspections in all sectors, including in the informal sector and in rural areas. - - - Improve cooperation and information sharing between federal and state-level labor inspectorates. - - - Publish information at the federal and state level on the number of child labor violations found and the number of child labor penalties imposed and collected. - - - Ensure that the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare case tracking system allows for comprehensive identification of labor law violations, including violations of child labor law. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to conduct investigations and prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor and provide services to victims. - - - Increase coordination among government ministries to ensure adequate criminal prosecutions of perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase training for enforcement officials, prosecutors, and judges to ensure adequate criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish complete information at the federal and state level on the number of investigations and prosecutions initiated and convictions secured. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their mandates. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking, the use of children in commercial sexual exploitation, and the use of children in illicit activities. - - - - - Expand access to education by increasing school infrastructure, providing education materials and instruction in native languages, expanding internet access, and ensuring that all children are able to attend school, including those in migrant or indigenous communities. - - - Ensure that unaccompanied migrant children are placed in child protection centers instead of detention centers and receive access to education. - - - Remove children from organized criminal groups and ensure that they are provided with adequate social services. - - - Ensure that government agencies assisting migrants and refugees effectively coordinate and fund a sufficient number of programs to assist these populations. - - - Ensure that the Benito Juárez Wellbeing Scholarship Program provides sufficient assistance to vulnerable students and receives regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure effective implementation. - - - Implement or expand social protection programs throughout the country for victims of child labor in all relevant sectors, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment (COFFEE) Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project - - - Improving Workers' Occupational Safety and Health in Selected Supply Chains in Mexico - A Vision Zero Fund - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/improving-workers-occupational-safety-and-health-selected-supply-chains-mexico-vision - - - Equal Accesss to Quality Jobs for Women and Girls (EQUAL) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/equal-equal-access-quality-jobs-women-and-girls-mexico - - - Senderos: Sembrando Derechos, Cosechando Mejores Futuros - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/senderos-sembrando-derechos-cosechando-mejores-futuros - - - Campos de Esperanza (Fields of Hope) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/campos-de-esperanza-fields-hope - - - "Stop Child Labor in Agriculture:" Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Mexico in the Agricultural Sector, with Special Focus on Migrant Indigenous Children - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/stop-child-labor-agriculture-contribution-prevention-and-elimination-child-labor - - - Support for the Prevention and Elimination of the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) and the Protection of CSEC Victims in Mexico - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mexico_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Sustentar: Project to Build and Strengthen Sustainability Systems in the Tomato and Chile Sectors in Mexico - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/sustentar-project- -build-and-strengthen-sustainability-systems-tomato-and-chile - - - Building a Comprehensive Government of Mexico Approach to Combating Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-comprehensive- -government-mexico-approach-combating-child-labor-and-forced - - - - - Moldova - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/moldova - Europe and Eurasia - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law and Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Moldova made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In January, Law No. 191 went into effect, which reversed changes that had delegated responsibility for occupational safety and health inspections to 10 smaller agencies and returned it to the State Labor Inspectorate. Legislation was passed to permit a staffing increase at the State Labor Inspectorate from 73 to 104 full-time inspectors. In addition, the Prosecutor General's Office introduced new legislation to establish prescriptive sentences for trafficking in persons and commercial sexual exploitation, including provisions for harsher penalties in cases with aggravated circumstances. However, despite these initiatives, Moldova is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law and practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In August 2018, the government amended Law No. 131 through Law No. 179, such that unannounced inspections, even those based on a complaint or at the request of law enforcement or other state bodies, are permitted only on the basis of a risk assessment that indicates an immediate threat to the environment, life, health, or property. This stringent measure continues to severely limit the State Labor Inspectorate's ability to conduct unannounced inspections. In addition, inspections are only permitted after the State Labor Inspectorate first requests and receives insufficient documentation from the business being inspected or after conducting a risk assessment that finds reasonable indicators of a possible violation. When responding to a complaint, inspectors are not authorized to take action for labor violations they may see that fall outside the scope of the complaint. Children in Moldova are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Training is needed for new criminal investigators, and entities responsible for conducting labor inspections, including of hazardous child labor, lack adequate funding, personnel, and equipment. In addition, there is a lack of social programs to address child trafficking and child labor in agriculture. - - - - 5-14 - 0.243 - 102105 - 0.973 - 0.006 - 0.022 - - - 5-14 - 0.921 - - - 7-14 - 0.29 - - - 1.039 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 705364 - 104 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 2279 - 1172 - 31 - 6 - 3 - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - 55 - 34 - 15 - 22 - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that labor legislation covers children working in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that the law's light work provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Clearly define the responsibilities of the Child Labor Monitoring Unit and ensure that it is able to carry out its mandate. - - - Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers for onsite inspections and conducting unannounced inspections. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are empowered to identify and assess penalties for child labor violations detected during inspections, even if the inspection was not conducted in response to a child labor complaint. - - - Increase funding for the State Labor Inspectorate to ensure that it provides inspectors with the resources necessary to inspect for child labor. - - - Ensure that the process to file child labor complaints is simple, transparent, and can be done anonymously. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive training specific to child labor. - - - Ensure that judicial authorities and investigators, including police officers and Committee for Combating Trafficking in Persons investigators, receive training on laws and investigative techniques related to the worst forms of child labor, especially for online child pornography and children left behind without parental care. - - - Pursue prosecution of the worst forms of child labor under the appropriate statutes and maintain protection for survivors who commit crimes as a result of their exploitation. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Moldova Strategy Country Note Program Priorities and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including for the separatist region of Transnistria. - - - Provide adequate resources for schools in rural and poorer communities, as well as those serving children with disabilities. - - - Implement oversight of state children's institutions to prevent exploitation of children by management. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education by removing informal fees for school supplies. - - - Institute targeted support programs that eliminate discrimination and violence against Roma children and promote equal access to education. - - - Ensure sufficient support for child trafficking survivors and children working in agriculture. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking of Women in Moldova - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Moldova_Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Mongolia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mongolia - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Mongolia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Through the United States-Mongolia Child Protection Compact Partnership, the government formed a Multi-Disciplinary Taskforce of over 18 governmental and nongovernmental organizations to address human trafficking. It also revised its Labor Law to set the minimum age for work at 15 and the minimum age for light work at 13. In addition, the National Statistical Committee, in cooperation with ILO Mongolia, started collecting information for a national‐level survey on child labor. However, children in Mongolia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in mining and horse jockeying. Mongolia's Revised Labor Law allows for unannounced inspections, but only in the formal work sector, which may impede the enforcement of child labor laws. Mongolia also lacks sustained training opportunities for child protection officers and labor inspectors. In addition, the government did not provide full information on its criminal law enforcement efforts, including information on training for criminal investigations and the number of prosecutions, for inclusion in this report. - - - Coal - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fluorspar (mineral) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.114 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.948 - - - 7-14 - 0.126 - - - 1.075 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 86 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 1364 - 1364 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 23 - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure laws or regulations define what constitutes light labor work activities for children working at age 13. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that laws adequately prohibit children under age 18 from horse racing at all times of the year. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Empower the Criminal Police Department to close venues found to be complicit in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish and increase funding and resources for labor inspectors to conduct inspections. - - - Conduct regular labor inspections—and extend liability beyond race organizers—for legal violations related to horse racing, including the participation of children in racing and race training during prohibited months. - - - Provide sufficient training opportunities for criminal law enforcement officials, including training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Permit child rights officers to impose child labor violations related to horse racing, without requiring that the child suffer harm to prove a violation. - - - Provide adequate funding for law enforcement agencies and ensure that procedural checklists used to identify human trafficking victims are used consistently. - - - Provide trainings for police officers and government officials on criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor to ensure that cases of commercial sexual exploitation—especially those involving boy victims—are prosecuted fully and under the appropriate articles of law, and close legal loopholes that permit the early release of convicted traffickers. - - - Ensure that child trafficking victims are not fined, arrested, detained, or charged with crimes and administrative offenses as a result of having been subjected to human trafficking. - - - Allow anti-trafficking police and prosecutors to work with each other, and ensure that evidence related to human trafficking cases is collected to support investigations. - - - Address malfeasance in all law enforcement agencies and investigate, prosecute, and convict government officials complicit in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish disaggregated criminal law enforcement data, including training for new and existing criminal law investigators, the number of violations, the number of convictions, and the number of imposed penalties for violations. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Program on Child Development and Protection and the National Program on Combating Trafficking in Persons. - - - - - Increase the number of schools to help eliminate overcrowding, increase the number of trained teachers, ensure that appropriate technology is available to all students, and provide infrastructure to allow full accessibility options for children with disabilities. - - - Ensure that the School Lunch Program is implemented once schools reopen for in-person learning. - - - Increase the availability of long-term stay shelter homes. - - - Ensure that all government-run, government-funded shelter homes are accessible to children with disabilities. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Support to the Proposed National Sub-Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Mongolia: Time-Bound Measures - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mongolia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Mongolia, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/national-program-prevention-and-elimination-child-labor-mongolia-phases-1-2 - - - - - Montenegro - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/montenegro - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Montenegro made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government took several steps to counter child begging, including by establishing a new Coordination Body for Monitoring and Implementing the Protocol on How Bodies, Institutions, and Organizations in Montenegro Treat Children Living and Working on the Streets, which started revising the text of the Protocol. Additionally, the Parliament approved a new monthly cash allowance for children under age 6 and adopted the new Strategy for the Social Inclusion of Roma and Egyptians (2021–2025). However, children in Montenegro are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. In addition, research found that the scope of programs to address child labor in street work is insufficient. - - - - 5-14 - 0.183 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.916 - - - 7-14 - 0.199 - - - 1.038 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 44 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 11127 - 11127 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 4 - 4 - 0 - 1 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Consistently track and publish information about children involved in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase the number of prosecutions and convictions of perpetrators involved in commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period and that data on these activities are published. - - - - - Build the capacity of schools and other services and programs to accommodate and provide support for children with disabilities. - - - Increase funding for human trafficking shelters, including for individuals with disabilities who are victims of human trafficking. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially in street work and forced begging. - - - Make additional efforts to bolster birth registration for children from the Ashkali, Balkan Egyptian, and Roma communities. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - - - Montserrat - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/montserrat - Europe and Eurasia - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Montserrat, in 2021, the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government issued one-time cash payments to families with children as part of its COVID-19 relief efforts. However, Montserrat is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a law that delays advancement to prevent the worst forms of child labor. Labor inspectors do not have the authority to conduct unannounced inspections, as they must obtain either the business owner's consent or a search warrant in order to enter a business for the purposes of performing an inspection. The lack of unannounced inspections may leave potential violations of child labor laws and other labor abuses undetected in workplaces. Additionally, the government has not determined by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. In addition, the law does not prohibit the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups or the use of children in illicit activities. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.968 - - - - No - No - No - No - No - No - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Ensure that the law specifies the types of light work acceptable for children as young as age 14 as well as permitted working conditions and hours. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. - - - Establish laws to prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate is authorized to conduct unannounced inspections. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that national labor surveys capture information about all workers, including children working below the minimum age for employment. - - - - - NA - NA - NA - + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + - - Morocco - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/morocco - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Morocco made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased the number of labor inspectors by over 43 percent and launched a new labor inspectorate information technology management system that enabled remote training sessions for inspectors in compliance with COVID-19 pandemic countermeasures. In addition, the government signed eight partnership agreements with local non-government organizations in various regions of Morocco to counter the prevalence of child labor. However, children in Morocco are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced domestic work. Moroccan law on the minimum age for work does not meet international standards. Furthermore, the scope of government programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. - - - - 10-14 - 0.045 - 150178 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 6-14 - 0.829 - - - 10-14 - 0.007 - - - 1.001 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 404 - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 18776 - 18776 - 24 - 5 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Unknown - No - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all children age 15 and under are protected by law, including children who work in the traditional artisan and handicraft sectors for family businesses. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws related to child labor to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensure that they have sufficient resources. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the amount of labor inspectorate funding, and penalties collected for violations of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Reduce administrative burdens and streamline child labor enforcement procedures among government agencies. - - - Increase penalties for employers who use children in hazardous work to be an effective deterrent. - - - Publish information on criminal enforcement efforts, including whether investigators received refresher training course, the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that a formal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services to ensure effective coordination on cases of the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that key coordinating bodies related to the worst forms of child labor are active. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure programs address barriers to education such as the cost of school supplies, poor facilities, transportation issues, and lack of documentation. - - - Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, including in forced domestic work. - - - Collect and publish information, including microdata from the 2017 survey, on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in agriculture, industry, and services. - - - - - Yes - No - No - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Project Pathways: Reducing Child Labor Through Viable Paths in Education and Decent Work (Promise Pathways) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-pathways-reducing-child-labor-through-viable-paths-education-and-decent-work - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Morocco (DIMA-ADROS) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_DIMAADROS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Morocco by Creating an Enabling National Environment and Developing Direct Action against Worst Forms of Child Labor in Rural Areas - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_IPEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - ADROS: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Morocco - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_ADROS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Mozambique - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mozambique - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Mozambique made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched an initiative to reduce the risks of human trafficking and child labor due to emergencies, such as armed conflict and natural disasters. In addition, in order to reduce the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government augmented a support program, with subsidies of $25 (1,500 meticais), as well as food distribution for vulnerable families. The government also launched an Education Strategic Plan with the aim of ensuring the continuity of safe, quality education nationwide during and after emergency situations. However, children in Mozambique are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in the production of tobacco. In addition, the established minimum age for work is not in compliance with international labor standards because it does not extend to informal employment. Lastly, existing social programs are insufficient to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in Mozambique. - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.225 - 1526560 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.695 - - - 7-14 - 0.224 - - - 0.582 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 129 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 8650 - Unknown - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all children are protected under the law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for light work is in compliance with international labor standards. - - - - - Publish all data on labor law enforcement efforts, including the labor inspectorate’s funding, whether target and unannounced inspections were carried out, and the number of child labor penalties imposed and collected. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Provide labor inspectors with adequate financial resources, including vehicles and fuel, to ensure their capacity to enforce child labor laws. - - - Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, such as the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured, and whether penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor were imposed. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to prevent and eliminate all worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that the National Commission on Children's Rights and the Women and Children's Victim Assistance Units publish activities during the reporting period. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor and the 2020–2024 Five Year Plan during the reporting period. - - - Finalize and fully implement the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons. - - - - - Ensure that the government publishes yearly data on child labor and the worst forms of child labor. - - - Take measures to ensure that all children have access to education by providing supplies, uniforms, and an adequate number of schools, classroom space, and trained teachers; address barriers for children from rural areas; take preventative steps to protect children from physical and sexual abuse in schools. - - - Ensure that children in displaced communities have access to schools. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Memorandum of Understand to Combat Child Labor in Tobacco Growing and the Internet Watch Foundation Website during the reporting period. - - - Publish the results of the Integrated Household Survey and use the findings to inform policies and programs. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in domestic work, and expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor in Mozambique (RECLAIM) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mozambique_RECLAIM_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Namibia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/namibia - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Namibia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government substantially drafted an updated National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons to guide responses to human trafficking, including of children, and substantially increased funding for shelters servicing the physical and psychosocial needs of trafficking survivors. In addition, the government coordinated a training with the International Organization for Migration for front line officers and humanitarian actors to identify and respond to human trafficking in response to growing climate migration. Children in Namibia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in domestic work and street work. Prevention and elimination of child labor are not integrated into key national policies. In addition, social programs do not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.933 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - - 2809265 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - 2582 - 2582 - 0 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice to ensure adequate enforcement of labor laws, including in remote areas. - - - Publish information on criminal and labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Ensure that training is provided to labor inspectors, including training of new inspectors and refresher courses. - - - Ensure that training is provided to criminal law enforcement investigators on laws related to child labor, including training for new investigators. - - - Publish information on the number of child labor complaints that are reported through the SMS hotline. - - - Ensure that all Gender-Based Violence Protection Units have adequate resources to operate according to their intended mandates. - - - Establish a mechanism to compile and publish comprehensive statistics related to labor and criminal law enforcement, including convictions for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Reactivate joint child labor inspection teams to strengthen coordination between ministries that respond to cases of child labor. - - - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into key national policies, including the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare and the National Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Expand opportunities for birth registration and national documentation for all children, including children of nomadic and migrant communities, to improve access to education and social programs. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by expanding social support to orphaned children and taking measures to reduce long travel distances to schools. - - - Ensure that school feeding assistance programs are fully implemented according to program mandates. - - - Institute programs or expand existing programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the Decent Work Country Program during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - Ensure that there are adequate shelters, including in areas outside Windhoek, to meet the needs of vulnerable children. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (TECL), Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa (TECL II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf - - - - - Nepal - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nepal - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Nepal made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published data from the 2018 Nepal Labor Force Survey, which estimated that 1.1 million children are engaged in child labor. Additionally, the Ministry of Women, Children, and Senior Citizens approved the Online Child Protection Procedure, 2021, to help curb online abuse of children. The Nepal Child Rights Council also formed new Child Protection Committees in 129 local governments. In addition, the government repatriated 60 victims of human trafficking and expanded access to education through The New School Education Plan. However, children in Nepal are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in producing bricks. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it does not meet international standards for legal prohibitions against child trafficking and legal prohibitions against the use of children for illicit activities. The law related to child trafficking is insufficient because it does not clearly criminalize recruitment, harboring, receipt, or transportation in the absence of force, fraud, or coercion, and the law prohibiting the use of children in illicit activities is insufficient because it does not prohibit the use of children in the production of drugs. The Department of Labor’s budget, the number of labor inspectors, and available resources and training are also insufficient for enforcing labor laws, including those related to child labor. Furthermore, the government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Carpets - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Embellished Textiles - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Stones - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.372 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.917 - - - 7-14 - 0.391 - - - 1.204 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - No - 17 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - - 5710 - 16 - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 1830 - 1830 - 16 - 15 - 15 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - - - - - Ensure that laws are in line with ILO C. 182 by raising the minimum age to 18 for entry into hazardous work. - - - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which there is evidence of child labor, including brickmaking. - - - Ensure that the legal framework comprehensively and criminally prohibits the human trafficking of children without requiring proof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including the production of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally penalizes the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Increase penalties to ensure sufficient deterrence of child labor law violations. - - - Ensure that legal provisions against child labor are implemented and enforced against perpetrators. - - - Ensure that the Department of Labor’s budget is sufficient to adequately enforce child labor laws. - - - Improve human resource capacity, including increasing the number of child labor inspections, especially in the informal sector. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate, particularly at the local levels, by initiating routine targeted inspections in all sectors and increasing the number of unannounced inspections rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Institutionalize trainings for labor inspectors on laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Publish data on criminal law enforcement actions, including initial training for new criminal investigators, refresher courses for investigators, and the number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Provide additional resources to criminal law enforcement agencies so they are able to enforce laws prohibiting crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Provide sufficient resources to create a centralized database to track and monitor cases of the worst forms of child labor, disaggregated by type of activity, including labor court data related to child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Update the National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children to better address forced labor and align it with anti- human trafficking programming. - - - - - Conduct research to determine the types of activities carried out by children, including in the construction sector, to inform social policies and programs. - - - Eliminate barriers to education, including the lack of sanitation facilities at schools, long distances to schools, fees associated with schooling, pressure to find work, migration to work outside of Nepal, and issues with drugs and alcohol. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children with disabilities and refugee children. - - - Create social programs that support all victims of commercial sexual exploitation and children working in the brick industry. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - Sakriya - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/sakriya - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-3 - - - Nayo Bato Naya Paila (New Path New Steps) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/nayo-bato-naya-paila-new-path-new-steps - - - Sustainable Elimination of Child Bonded Labor in Nepal - Phase 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BondedLabor_PhII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Brighter Futures Program: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Nepal, Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BrighterFutures_PhII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Brighter Futures Program: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Nepal, Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BrighterFutures_PhI_feval_sum_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Nepal- the IPEC Core TBP Project - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Sustainable Elimination of Bonded Labor in Nepal - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BondedLabor_PhI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Setting National Strategies for the Elimination of Girls' Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Nepal - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Catalyzing Civil Society to Accelerate Progress Against Child Labor (Catalyst) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/catalyzing-civil-society- -accelerate-progress-against-child-labor-catalyst - - - - - Nicaragua - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nicaragua - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Nicaragua made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government participated in an IOM social media anti-trafficking in persons awareness campaign called Recognize the Signs (Atendé las Señales) and conducted 1,409 nationwide door-to-door visits to families of children ages six and under to promote school attendance. However, children in Nicaragua are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Laws do not establish a clear compulsory education age, and the government lacks adequate services for human trafficking victims, such as shelters. Additionally, labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lack the financial and human resources necessary to fulfill their mandates. The government also lacks a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor. - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gravel (crushed stones) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Shellfish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Stones (pumice) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.477 - 342076 - 0.535 - 0.087 - 0.378 - - - 10-14 - 0.883 - - - 10-14 - 0.403 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - - 1310000 - 97 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 14815 - Unknown - 3 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law is consistent and provides a compulsory education age that is not less than the minimum age for work. - - - - - Ensure that all criminal investigators receive training and refresher courses. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors from 97 to 201 to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Publish labor law enforcement information on the number of inspections conducted at worksites, and on the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor has sufficient funding to enforce labor laws adequately, including those related to child labor, and that resource needs are met. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement efforts are sufficient to address the scope of the problem and that agencies have the funding and resources necessary to carry out duties. - - - Establish an adequate mechanism for identifying human trafficking victims, particularly children, among high-risk populations. - - - Make publicly available criminal law enforcement information on efforts related to the worst forms of child labor to allow for the verification of the information. - - - - - Ensure that the government has a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor, including with NGOs, and to publicly report on these efforts. - - - Ensure that the National Coalition Against Trafficking of Persons works with relevant local stakeholders to address human trafficking issues, and ensure that it establishes a person to the position of Executive Secretariat, as mandated by the Law Against Trafficking in Persons. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the key policies related to child labor and that data on these activities to address child labor are published during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish updated data on the prevalence of child labor in the country. - - - Expand birth registration programs to ensure that children have access to basic services. - - - Remove barriers to education, such as transportation and the cost associated with school supplies, for all children, particularly those from poor backgrounds and rural areas; improve school infrastructure and access to learning materials. - - - Implement social programs that address the full scope of the worst forms of child labor in the country, including commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Develop social services for human trafficking victims, such as shelters and specialized services, and ensure that services are available throughout the country, especially in areas where children are most vulnerable. - - - Ensure that social programs are adequately funded and implemented, and that they report on their yearly efforts. - - - Ensure that civil society organizations and NGOs are able to carry out their work freely and independently. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Nicaragua, "Enterate" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nicaragua_ENTERATE_0.pdf - - - Elimination of Child Labor at la Chureca Garbage Dump Yard in Managua - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/elimination-child-labor-la-chureca-garbage-dump-yard-managua - - - Combating Child Labor in the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in the Farming and Stockbreeding Sectors in Nicaragua - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nicaragua_Grains_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Niger - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/niger - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Niger made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government created the National Steering Committee to Combat Child Labor. In addition, Niger signed a memorandum of understanding with Nigeria, formalizing cooperation agreements between the two governments to improve their collective response to human trafficking. Further, the government developed a National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons and a Plan for Social and Economic Development. However, children in Niger are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and mining, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks herding livestock. The minimum age for work does not meet international standards because it does not apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. In addition, the government made no efforts to address the ongoing practice of wahaya, a form of child slavery that was upheld as illegal by a Nigerien court in 2019. Lastly, gaps in labor law enforcement also remain, including insufficient funding for labor inspectors to conduct inspections. - - - Cattle - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gypsum (mineral) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Salt - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Trona (mineral) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.429 - 2516191 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - 0.48 - - - 7-14 - 0.221 - - - 0.512 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - - Unknown - 60 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law’s minimum age for work provisions and protections apply to self-employed children and those in unpaid or non-contractual work. - - - Establish a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age of employment. - - - - - Ensure that inspections and enforcement efforts take place in the informal sector, and in remote locations, where most child labor occurs. - - - Publish complete information and data on child labor, including on the number of worksite inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. - - - Increase resources, including funding and training, available to enforcement agencies, increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical guidance, and criminal investigators to provide adequate inspection coverage. - - - Disaggregate complaints made to the National Agency to Fight Against Trafficking in Persons and Illegal Migrant Transport's hotline so that the number of complaints related to children is known. - - - Ensure that victims of the worst forms of child labor are removed from exploitative situations as appropriate. - - - Publish complete information on the number of criminal investigations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Adequately enforce the Nigerien Supreme Court's ruling banning the practice of wahaya. - - - Ensure that victims of slavery have access to reintegration services. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt and implement a national action plan to address child labor, including in hereditary slavery, mining, and agriculture. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls, refugees, internally displaced children, and children in rural communities, by increasing school infrastructure, increasing the number of teachers, removing school fees, and providing more school supplies. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement to implement the Global Action Against Trafficking in Persons and the Smuggling of Migrants program during the reporting period. - - - Expand the scope of programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, herding, mining, and caste-based servitude. - - - Implement a program to target and assist children exploited by religious instructors. - - - Ensure that government social services providers have sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care to all children withdrawn from hazardous and forced labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - West Africa Regional Mining - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Niger - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Niger_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Nigeria - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nigeria - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Nigeria made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government validated the National Policy on Child Labor and the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor (2021–2025). The Ministry of Labor and Employment also created a new program to provide vulnerable households with seed capital to fund new businesses in areas with high rates of child labor. However, children in Nigeria are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and use in armed conflict as well as quarrying granite and artisanal mining. The Child's Right Act has been adopted by only 29 out of Nigeria's 36 states (including the capital federal territory), leaving the remaining 7 states in northern Nigeria with legal statutes that do not meet international standards for the prohibition of child trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, and illicit activities. In addition, the minimum age for work in the Labor Act does not apply to children who are self-employed or working in the informal economy. - - - Cocoa - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Granite - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Gravel (crushed stones) - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Manioc/Cassava - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sand - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.475 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.766 - - - 7-14 - 0.399 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 515375 - 1402 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 10526 - 10526 - 3234 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - No - 6 - 62 - 6 - 0 - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - 0 - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory and ensure that national legislation on the minimum age for work is consistent so that all children are protected, including those in the informal sector and who are self-employed. - - - Ensure that the types of work determined to be hazardous for children are prohibited by law or regulation for all children under age 18. - - - Ensure that using, procuring, and offering a child for the production and trafficking of drugs are criminally prohibited in all states. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that provisions related to light work conform to international standards. - - - Amend the Terrorism Prevention Act to prohibit the punishment of children for their association with armed groups. - - - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws. - - - Ensure that a mechanism exists for enforcing existing protections for children working in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that there are penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that unannounced inspections are conducted. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their mandates as intended. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children and forced child labor in granite, gravel, and cocoa production. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement government policies and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. - - - - - Ensure that all states adopt programs to offer free education and expand existing programs that provide funds to vulnerable children, especially girls, to cover school fees and the cost of materials. - - - Make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. - - - Ensure that there is an adequate number of trained teachers and provide sufficient educational infrastructure for children, particularly girls, to access schools. - - - Conduct research to gather comprehensive data on child labor, including activities carried out by children working in fishing, to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and Other Related Matters and related agencies provide appropriate facilities and resources to survivors, and that survivors are not held against their will in shelters. - - - Establish programs that prevent and remove children from all relevant worst forms of child labor, including armed conflict, commercial sexual exploitation, and illicit activities. - - - Ensure that all social programs are active and pursuing their mandates. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - Global Accelerator Lab 8.7 Project - Intensifying Action Against Forced Labor and Child Labor Through Innovation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-accelerator-lab-87- -project-intensifying-action-against-forced-labor-and-child - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Nigeria - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nigeria_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Niue - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/niue - Indo-Pacific - No - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Niue, in 2021, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, Niue has not established a minimum age for work and lacks a law that prohibits hazardous occupations and activities for children. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.766 - - - 7-14 - 0.399 - - - 1.115 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 16 that equals the compulsory age of education. - - - Establish 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit forced labor, including debt bondage, the sale and trafficking of children, and slavery. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the trafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require that the use of force, fraud, or coercion be established for the crime of human trafficking. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the forced or compulsory recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Ratify the ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention. - - - Ratify UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children. - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure the National Coordinating Committee is active and able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - NA - Yes - Yes - + + Togo + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/togo + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Togo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the Savanes Emergency Plan, which by strengthening education access and social welfare in the areas of the north affected by violent extremism, also addresses poverty, conflict, and lack of educational access as root causes of child labor. In addition, the Safety Nets and Basic Services project provided meals to school children in vulnerable communities and expanded unconditional cash transfers to 83,681 program participants. Finally, Togo eliminated fees for birth certificates, which may improve access to education and other social services. However, children in Togo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. The government has not devoted sufficient resources to allow the labor inspectorate to conduct inspections in all sectors and fully enforce the law. In addition, hazardous work regulations are insufficient because they allow children as young as 15 to perform some types of hazardous tasks, including carrying heavy loads. Finally, the government does not publish data related to its criminal enforcement efforts with regard to laws on the worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.89 + + + 7-14 + 0.504 + + + 0.94 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 62683 + 125 + Yes + Yes + 906 + 21 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Raise the minimum age for all types of hazardous work from 15 to 16, and ensure that children under 18 who are engaged in hazardous work receive adequate training in the type of work being done and that the health, safety, and morals of the child are protected in accordance with international standards. + + + Establish by law free basic education, including lower secondary education. + + + + + Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + + + Investigate, prosecute, and impose penalties for convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have adequate resources, including fuel and transportation, to + carry out inspections and monitoring of labor laws. + + + Ensure that criminal investigators have adequate resources to enforce laws against child labor. + + + Ensure that court system processes for addressing child trafficking are timely so as not to deter victims from reporting. + + + Conduct labor inspections in the informal sector as well as private homes and farms, in which children work in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Ensure effective coordination between the criminal justice system and social services to allow survivors to receive adequate support during judicial proceedings. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the targeting of routine inspections and numbers of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors refer all cases of child labor found in labor inspections to social services. + + + + + Ensure that the National Committee for the Reception and Social Reintegration of Child Victims of Trafficking receives adequate funding. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the + Education Sector Plan. + + + + + Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; + ensuring that schools are free from sexual and physical violence; increasing + the number of schools; enhancing access to birth registration, including for displaced children; and improving school infrastructure and transportation, especially in rural areas. + + + Ensure that social + programs specifically target child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and agriculture in + addition to alleviating poverty and promoting education. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor in Togo Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Togo_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking in Togo Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Togo_COMBAT_CLOSED_0.pdf + + - - Norfolk Island - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/norfolk-island - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists on Norfolk Island, in 2021, the government made moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Australian Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Cth) was amended to include provisions for workers and workplaces on Norfolk Island. However, Norfolk Island's laws do not set a minimum age for light work, which is not in compliance with international standards. In addition, the law does not specify activities in which light work may be permitted. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - Unavailable - - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Establish a minimum age for light work to comply with international standards. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - NA - Yes - Yes - + + Tokelau + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tokelau + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Tokelau, in 2022, the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government partnered with the United Nations Child's Fund to launch the Pacific Region Inclusive Education Review to ensure all children, including those with disabilities, have access to quality education.However, the government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, Tokelau has not established a minimum age for work and lacks a law that prohibits hazardous occupations and activities for children. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.476 + + + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A*† + + No + N/A*† + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + + + Establish 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. + + + Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 16 that equals the compulsory age of education. + + + Ensure that laws prohibit the + trafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual + exploitation and forced labor, and do not require the use of force to be + established for the crime of trafficking. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, + procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, the production of + pornography, and pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit forced labor, including debt bondage and slavery. + + + Ensure that laws criminally + prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the + production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminallyprohibits the forced or compulsory recruitment of childrenunder age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Ratify ILO Convention 182, the convention concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ratify the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Phonography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. + + + + + Establish a reliable transportation program to ensure that children are able to attend school. + + + + + NA + Yes + NA + - - North Korea - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/north-korea - Indo-Pacific - - - Bricks - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Cement - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Coal - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Gold - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Iron - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Textiles - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Timber - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - North Macedonia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/macedonia - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, North Macedonia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Labor Inspectorate received an increased budget to improve hiring capacity, and there was a marked increase in the number of worksite inspections over the course of the year. In addition, the government adopted the National Action Plan Against Trafficking in Persons and Illegal Migration (2021–2025) and an accompanying operational plan for the 2021–2022 period, both addressing the unique needs of children and other populations considered to be most at risk for trafficking in persons. The government also adopted the Employment and Social Policy Reform Program with the goal of creating new initiatives focused on poverty reduction and social inclusion for the country's most vulnerable populations. However, children in North Macedonia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. The law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside formal employment relationships. Additionally, the government has not adopted a policy to address all worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.188 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.976 - - - 7-14 - 0.206 - - - 0.934 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 2430000 - 130 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 22986 - 22986 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 15 - 5 - 5 - 1 - No - N/A - No - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that labor law protections apply to all children, including self-employed children and children working outside formal employment relationships. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the law provides criminal penalties for the use, procuring, and offering of children for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement authorities receive appropriate training on child labor and identification of victims/potential victims of human trafficking. - - - Provide labor inspectors and the Ministry of Interior with electronic systems to record and share data on inspections with the entity receiving the citation and publish the information. - - - Provide sufficient funding for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Task Force to carry out its duties to address human trafficking. - - - Ensure that law enforcement agencies proactively identify child trafficking victims. - - - - - Build the capacity and resources of local committees to adequately address human trafficking. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national action plan on child labor. - - - - - Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children engaged in child labor. - - - Increase efficacy of programs dedicated to addressing child labor and ensure that child beggars receive the support needed to be removed from street work permanently. - - - Reduce barriers to education by increasing the number of teachers who can provide education in the Romani language. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Oman - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/oman - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Oman made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted a new National Plan for Combating Human Trafficking, established child protection committees at the governorate level, and investigated and charged two suspects in a child sex trafficking case. The labor inspectorate also increased inspections in response to videos shared on social media documenting labor violations. Although research is limited, there is evidence that small numbers of children in Oman engage in child labor, including in fishing and farming. Government policies do not address all forms of child labor and the Ministry of Labor is not represented on the National Committee on Implementing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child or the National Child Protection Committee. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.992 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 282 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Collect and publish data on the number of child labor violations found. - - - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor participates in the National Child Protection Committee and the National Committee on Implementing the UN CRC. - - - - - Develop a national policy to address all forms of child labor that occur within Oman, including in farming and fishing. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/pakistan - Indo-Pacific - Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Pakistan made minimal advancement because it continued to implement practices that delays advancement to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Pakistani federal government and some provincial governments enacted legislation to address the worst forms of child labor, including bills prohibiting hazardous work for children under 14 years in Balochistan; banning corporal punishment of children, including in domestic work; and establishing special courts dedicated to child protection. Additionally, the Federal Investigative Authority provided training for Pakistani police, social welfare and labor departments, and child protection bureaus at the central and provincial level. The Child Protection and Welfare Bureau rescued over 1,000 children from begging in Punjab and referred 1,500 to 2,000 children for psychological counselling. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Pakistan is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Pakistan continued to support the Taliban in Afghanistan and the militant group Lashkar-e-Tayyiba in the Jammu and Kashmir region, and reports indicate that both groups recruited and used child soldiers during the reporting period. Children in Pakistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced domestic work. Children also engage in forced labor in brick manufacturing and agriculture. Additionally, provincial labor inspectorates do not have sufficient resources to adequately enforce laws prohibiting child labor, and the federal and provincial governments did not publicly release information on their labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Furthermore, police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore child labor crimes and a lack of willingness to conduct criminal investigations, hindered Pakistan's ability to address child labor throughout the country. - - - Baked Goods - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bovines - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Carpets - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Coal - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Cotton - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Dairy Products - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Electronics - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Furniture - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Glass Bangles - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Leather - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Surgical Instruments - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Textiles - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Wheat - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.098 - 2261704 - 5-14 - 0.124 - - 5-14 - 0.215 - - 0.694 - 0.109 - 0.197 - - - 10-14 - 0.78 - 5-14 - Unavailable - 5-14 - 0.606 - - - 10-14 - 0.008 - 7-14 - 0.082 - 7-14 - 0.116 - - - 0.729 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - No - 15 - No - No - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - 14 - No - No - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - No - 14 - No - No - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - 14 - No - No - - - Federal - Federal - No - 14 - No - No - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - N/A - No - No - - - Federal - Federal - No - N/A - No - No - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - N/A - No - No - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - N/A - No - No - - - Federal - Federal - No - N/A - No - No - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - N/A - No - No - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - 59 - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - 120 - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - 49, 363 - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - 1029 - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 14 in federal and provincial laws extending to all sectors and informal employment, regardless of the number of employees. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the employment of children under age 18 in hazardous work such as brickmaking, mining and domestic service, including in federal law and Balochistan Province. - - - Ensure that sectors such as brick making and domestic work is added to the list of hazardous work for children at the federal and provincial levels. - - - Ensure the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Home Based Workers (Welfare and Protection) Bill aligns with the Punjab Domestic Workers Act and the Pakistani Supreme Court to ban domestic work and forced labor of children under 15 years of age. - - - Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 15 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial laws extending to domestic labor, in compliance with the federal law. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, including in federal law and Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work provisions and the minimum age for work laws in Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh Provinces are in compliance with the international standards, including informal employment. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment and use of children under age 18 by non-state groups for armed conflict, including in federal law and Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. - - - Ensure law criminalized material support for non-state arm groups that use child soldiers. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure the effective implementation of the Sindh Child Protection Authority (Amendment) Bill, 2021. - - - - - Ensure that the number of labor inspectors in Pakistan meets the ILO's technical advice and that there are a sufficient number of inspectors trained and responsible for providing enforcement of child labor laws in all provinces. - - - Ensure that current labor law applies to domestic workers, especially in small- and medium-size businesses and those operated in private homes. - - - Provide the funding necessary to adequately hire, consistently train, equip, and cover the cost of transportation for inspectors to enforce child labor laws across Pakistan, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh Provinces. - - - Ensure that District Vigilance Committees are operating effectively in all provinces, including through public outreach and in the reporting and filing of cases. - - - Ensure that all allegations of sexual abuse, including bacha bazi and trafficking of boys into Afghan religion schools-madrassas- are thoroughly investigated and, when appropriate, prosecuted. - - - Increase security for schools to protect children and teachers from attacks by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that all brick kilns are registered, do not employ child labor, and fully compensate all workers. - - - Ensure the recommendation by the Islamabad Capital Territory brick kilns commission is implemented, including execution of employment contracts for all workers, and issuing national identity cards to all workers and their children. - - - Ensure that the order by the Islamabad High Court to eradicate bonded labor from all brick kiln in the Islamabad Capital Territory is enforced. - - - Ensure a mechanism is in place for transparent inspections, including unannounced inspection, and enforcement of existing labor laws. - - - Ensure labor inspectors have the authority to remove children from exploitative situations. - - - Create a centralized repository of labor law enforcement data and a regular mechanism for reporting it to the federal government, and make the data publicly available. - - - Publish enforcement data for labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors, mechanism to assess civil penalties, training for new labor inspectors, refresher courses provided, labor inspections conducted, child labor law violations, penalties imposed and collected, whether routine inspections were targeted, unannounced inspections are permitted and conducted, and reciprocal referral mechanisms exist between labor authorities and social services for all provinces. - - - Establish sufficient laws to end police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore alleged crimes. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services in all provinces. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between law enforcement agencies and social services in all provinces. - - - Ensure there are laws that protect bonded laborer from corruption, including protection from farm and brick kiln owners. - - - Publish information about criminal law investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions, as well as about initial training, training on the worst forms of child labor, refresher courses, and penalties imposed and collected in all provinces. - - - - - Publish information on the activities undertaken by the Provincial and Federal Tripartite Consultative Committees. - - - Establish the remaining 33 Child Protection Units in Balochistan, as required by law. - - - Ensure that the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Child Welfare and Protection Commission meets regularly and appoints a commissioner. - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure that steps are taken to effectively implement policies to address child labor. - - - Ensure that inspectors are fully executing Sindh Province's Labor Policy, including by providing sufficient resources and unimpeded access to factories to conduct inspections. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in the education policies of the provincial governments. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Ensure that children in schools are protected from sexual abuse. - - - Complete and publish child labor surveys at the federal and provincial levels. - - - Implement programs to address and eliminate the sexual abuse of children, especially in madrassas, workplaces, and while scavenging on the streets. - - - Improve existing programs to address the prevalence and scope of Pakistan's child labor problem, including providing enough protection and rehabilitation services for child domestic workers, bonded child laborers, child survivors of human trafficking, and other children working in the informal sector and in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Implement programs to address high rates of teacher absenteeism, inadequate facilities, school fees, lack of transportation, and use of corporal punishment to ensure that all children have access to free and compulsory education, as required by law. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Trace Protocol Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-trace-protocol-project - - - Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Pakistan Earthquake – Child Labor Response - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Earthquake_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Carpet Industry in Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Carpets_Phases1%262_CLOSED.pdf - - - Addressing Child Labor through Quality Education for All in Pakistan (ACL-QEFA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_ACLQEFA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Carpet Industry in Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Carpets_Phases1%262_CLOSED.pdf - - - Elimination of Child Labor in the Soccer Ball Industry in Sialkot, Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_SoccerBalls_Phases1%262_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Panama - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/panama - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Panama made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a new digital platform for reporting child abuse complaints, including cases of children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation, begging, and forced labor. The Ministry of Labor also signed an agreement with the National Council of Private Enterprises that promotes a public-private partnership for the creation of a network of companies that work on the prevention and eradication of child labor. In addition, the government increased the number of labor inspectors from 93 in 2020 to 105 in 2021, as well as provided social services to 800 child survivors and children at risk of child labor. However, children in Panama are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Panamanian law allows minors under age 16 to engage in hazardous work within training facilities in violation of international standards. Moreover, labor law enforcement agencies lack the financial and human resources necessary to fulfill their mandate. Finally, existing social programs are insufficient to address the full scope of the child labor problem in the country, in particular for children living in rural areas and from indigenous and Afro-Panamanian communities. - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Melons - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.045 - 33594 - 0.711 - 0.035 - 0.254 - - - 5-14 - 0.957 - - - 7-14 - 0.05 - - - 0.861 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 1151738 - 105 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 4 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law protects children from hazardous work by establishing a minimum age of 18 for all children or by ensuring that children receive adequate training in the type of work being done and that the health, safety, and morals of children are protected in accordance with international standards if children ages 16 or 17 are allowed to perform hazardous work. - - - Establish regulations that define the types of activities that children between ages 12 and 14 can undertake as light work. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that all inspectors receive regular, specialized training on child labor issues. - - - Allocate sufficient funding for the Directorate Against Child Labor and for the Protection of Adolescent Workers to meet its commitments for coordination, implementation, and monitoring related to child labor. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors from 105 to 130 to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Collect and make available information on the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that judges are sufficiently trained on laws related to forced labor, the worst forms of child labor, and human trafficking in order to ensure that these crimes can be effectively prosecuted. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Take steps to implement the policies related to child labor on an annual basis and publish information about these efforts. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Coordination Agreement on Labor Migration between the Ministries of Labor of Costa Rica and Panama. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children from rural areas and indigenous and Afro-Panamanian communities, by expanding existing programs, including school transportation. - - - Ensure that students have access and equipment for remote education, when necessary. - - - Establish programs and ensure sufficient funding to address the needs of human trafficking victims, including programs that provide services to child victims of human trafficking and sexual abuse. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - Building Effective Policies Against Child Labor in Ecuador and Panama - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-effective-policies-against-child-labor-ecuador-and-panama - - - Educafuturo: Project to Combat Child Labor Among Vulnerable Populations in Ecuador and Panama by Providing Direct Education and Livelihood Services - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/educafuturo-project-combat-child-labor-among-vulnerable-populations-ecuador-and - - - Country Program for Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Panama (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Panama - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Country Program for Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Panama - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Papua New Guinea - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/papua-new-guinea - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Papua New Guinea made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government continued with rescue and enforcement efforts and joined UNICEF's Pathfinding program, which is a global partnership to end violence against children. However, children in Papua New Guinea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining and deep-sea fishing. Papua New Guinea's hazardous work prohibitions do not comply with international standards that require all children under age 18 to be protected from work that could jeopardize their health and safety, nor do its laws prohibit using, procuring, or offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Schools continued charging fees as a result of not receiving promised government subsidies needed for education to remain free and accessible for all children. In addition, insufficient resources hampered the labor inspectorate’s capacity to enforce child labor laws. Papua New Guinea has not conducted a nationwide survey of child labor and does not collect data on its efforts to enforce it labor laws. The Government of Papua New Guinea did not respond to requests for information on its law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.771 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13 to comply with international standards and ensure that the law’s light work provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work, and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. - - - Ensure that the law does not require threats, the use of force, or coercion to be established for the crime of child trafficking. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for employment. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Establish a data monitoring system to track child labor cases. - - - Strengthen the inspection system by ensuring that inspectors conduct routine or targeted inspections in addition to those that are complaint driven. - - - Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor penalties imposed. - - - Provide inspectors with the resources necessary to enforce labor laws and other laws that protect children from the worst forms of child labor, including funding, training, and report writing skills. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have enough funds to conduct inspections. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between labor and criminal law enforcement authorities and social services agencies to ensure that victims of child labor receive appropriate support services. - - - Ensure that there are enough labor inspectors and that the number of inspectors meets the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Institutionalize and fully fund training on the worst forms of child labor for labor inspectors and criminal investigators, including training for new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment. - - - Ensure that labor inspections occur in all areas of Papua New Guinea, especially outside of urban areas. Provide sufficient funding, institutional incentives, and local community awareness efforts to ensure that criminal investigations into labor violations are effectively carried out. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. - - - - - Ensure that the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee is active and meets regularly to implement measures to address human trafficking. - - - Ensure that the established coordinating mechanisms address all forms of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, and fully carry out their mandates. - - - Ensure that there is senior governmental leadership and participation at National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee meetings. - - - Ensure that all anti-human trafficking stakeholders, including NGOs, are invited to and participate in the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee coordination meetings as per the Committee's mandate. - - - Ensure the Ministry of Labor's participation in the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee. - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to prevent and eliminate child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all policies are funded and implemented according to their mandate, including the National Action Plan to Eliminate Child Labor in Papua New Guinea, the National Child Protection Policy, and the Tuition Fee-Free Policy. - - - Ensure that the 2021 Tuition Fee-Free program is properly implemented and that schools are adequately subsidized. - - - Collect and publicize data on outcomes related to the 2015–2020 Trafficking in Persons Action Plan. - - - - - Increase access to education by instituting programs to address gender-based violence against girls in schools, eliminating all school-related fees, increasing funding to provide school infrastructure improvements, ensuring that all schools have reliable water supplies, and separating girls’ bathrooms. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Implement and fully fund programs and anti-human trafficking services that assist children engaged in the worst forms of child labor in all relevant sectors, especially commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and mining. - - - Ensure that Child Care Centers are active and are fully funded, and publish their activities undertaken during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that the new Government Tuition Fee Subsidy Policy is effectively implemented, including full necessary payouts to schools. - - - Ensure that children have access to technology for education. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Paraguay - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/paraguay - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Paraguay made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor finalized a resolution that established new procedures for more prompt investigations of child labor and expanded its use of virtual outreach and training, and the Departmental Committees for the Eradication of Child Labor opened new offices in three departments across the country. The government also expanded the Support for the Community Kitchens Program, which focuses on relieving economic strain on families at risk of child labor. However, children in Paraguay are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic servitude and in debt bondage in cattle raising, on dairy farms, and in charcoal factories. Children with disabilities as well as those from rural and indigenous communities face difficulties accessing and completing their education. In addition, limited funding for law enforcement agencies and social programs hampered the government’s ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural areas. Paraguay's criminal law enforcement agencies also lack resources to sufficiently identify, investigate, and prosecute cases of the worst forms of child labor, especially in remote areas. - - - Beans - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cabbages - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Carrots - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Corn - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Goats - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Hogs - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Lettuce - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Manioc/Cassava - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Melons - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Onions - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Peanuts - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Peppers - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Poultry - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sesame - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sheep - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Stones (limestone) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sweet Potatoes - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tomatoes - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Yerba Mate (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.054 - 36569 - 0.53 - 0.148 - 0.322 - - - 10-14 - Unavailable - - - 10-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.75 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - 119089 - 25 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 1177 - 224 - 9 - 13 - 4 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 170 - Unknown - 47 - 24 - N/A - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the compulsory age of education to match the minimum age for work. - - - Protect children from the abuse of the criadazgo system by regulating the practice with legislation. - - - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by making labor inspectors public officials rather than contractors and ensuring that they receive more training specific to child labor. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Increase the funding and resources available to the labor inspectorate, specifically in the Chaco region, to build enforcement capacity to address child labor in the informal sector, including in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Implement the 2016 agreement to accelerate authorization of workplace inspection search warrants to improve the cooperation mechanisms among judicial authorities and labor enforcement officials. - - - Publish information on how many violations of child labor were found through criminal investigations and whether refresher courses were provided to investigators. - - - Increase efforts to prosecute crimes related to the worst forms of child labor, including by hiring and training more specialized criminal investigators and prosecutors, and by increasing penalties for crimes. - - - Provide resources to enable more criminal investigations in remote areas. - - - Ensure that fines and penalties for the worst forms of child labor are consistently applied. - - - - - Ensure that the Interinstitutional Working Group on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Persons fulfills its mandate, including in collecting and reporting statistics. - - - Strengthen interagency coordinating mechanisms, with particular focus on the communication between the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security and the Ministries of Education and Health, to address child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Provide additional financial and human resources to the Defense Councils for the Rights of Children and Adolescents to strengthen their ability to address child labor at the municipal level. - - - - - Ensure that activities were undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period and that data on these activities are published. - - - - - Publish information on activities undertaken for all key social programs related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - Increase access to education for children vulnerable to child labor, particularly children with disabilities, young girls, and children with language barriers living in rural and indigenous communities. Address the lack of infrastructure and staff to improve access to education for all children. - - - Ensure that financial assistance programs for child trafficking and forced labor survivors are properly funded. - - - Further expand government programs to assist more families and children affected by child labor in agriculture in rural areas, including cattle herding, and domestic work. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america - - - CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf - - - Paraguay Okakuaa (Paraguay Progresses) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/paraguay-okakuaa-paraguay-progresses - - - - - Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/peru - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Peru made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government created a National Forced Labor Observatory to collect and consolidate information on this abuse and government efforts to address it. It also approved national implementation of the Municipal Model for the Detection and Eradication of Child Labor and the Ministry of Labor and Promotion of Employment convened 26 regional commissions for the prevention and eradication of child labor. In addition, the government published an updated National Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons for the 2022–2030 period. However, children in Peru are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in mining and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Peruvian law allows children ages 12 to 14 to do light work without specifying the activities in which children may work. Labor law enforcement agencies in Peru also lack sufficient inspectors and training to adequately address child labor, and the government did not provide complete information on criminal enforcement efforts against child labor. - - - Brazil Nuts/Chestnuts - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coca (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fireworks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Timber - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.218 - 1261484 - 0.638 - 0.061 - 0.302 - - - 5-14 - 0.976 - - - 7-14 - 0.25 - - - 0.987 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - 47000000 - 822 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 85617 - 629 - 34 - 50 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children younger than age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including whether penalties for violations were collected. - - - Increase the level of funding and the resources allocated for labor and criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure adequate enforcement of child labor laws, including in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement personnel are properly trained on child labor and forced labor issues. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Remove the "auxiliary inspector classification" to increase efficiency in the labor inspection process and allow inspectors to conduct follow-up programmed inspections. - - - Publish information on training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials conduct adequate investigations in mining areas and bars and initiate prosecutions when violations are found to deter perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient shelters, including shelters for boys, and specialized services available for victims of human trafficking. - - - - - Ensure that Regional Commissions for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor develop action plans to address child labor and allocate sufficient funding to implement these plans. - - - Ensure that key coordinating bodies related to the worst forms of child labor are active, publish information on annual activities, and carry out their mandates. - - - Ensure that efforts to address trafficking in persons are fully funded by approving the multisectoral anti-trafficking budget. - - - - - Ensure that key policies related to the worst forms of child labor are active and that information on annual activities is published. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, in particular migrant and refugee communities, regardless of documentation. - - - Publish information on activities taken under all social programs that address child labor. - - - Expand social programs to reach a greater number of children who perform dangerous tasks in agriculture; initiate social programs to address child commercial sexual exploitation, child labor in mining, child labor in logging, and child domestic work. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Consolidating and Disseminating Efforts to Combat Forced Labor in Brazil and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/consolidating-and-disseminating-efforts-combat-forced-labor-brazil-and-peru-0 - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - Catalyzing Civil Society to Accelerate Progress Against Child Labor (Catalyst) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/catalyzing-civil-society- -accelerate-progress-against-child-labor-catalyst - - - Promoting Better Understanding of Indicators to Address Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking in Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-better-understanding-indicators-address-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-5 - - - Proyecto Semilla (Seed Project): Combating Exploitative Rural Child Labor in Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/proyecto-semilla-seed-project-combating-exploitative-rural-child-labor-peru - - - Prepárate para la Vida (Get Ready for Life) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Peru_Preparate_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Peru_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Philippines - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/philippines - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, the Philippines made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched an online hotline for reporting cases of online sexual exploitation of children and opened its first Cyber-Trafficking in Persons Monitoring Center in response to the substantial increase of online commercial sexual exploitation since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The government also launched the Child Protect Mobile app, which raises awareness about violence against children, including child labor, and provides information on public and private organizations that provide intervention services. In addition, the government committed $800,000 to implement its anti-trafficking program and increased funding for its Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking by $200,000 which was applied towards surveillance, rescue operations, and victim assistance efforts. Although the government made meaningful efforts during the reporting period, it did not adequately protect children allegedly engaged in drug trafficking from inappropriate incarceration or physical harm during detention. Children in the Philippines are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and gold mining. Moreover, the enforcement of child labor laws remained challenging throughout the country, especially due to the low number of labor inspectors and the lack of a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coconuts - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Corn - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fashion Accessories - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Hogs - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Pyrotechnics - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.02 - 466708 - 0.449 - 0.055 - 0.496 - - - 5-14 - 0.955 - - - 7-14 - 0.021 - - - 1.058 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 3657520 - 1210 - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 58363 - 58363 - 5 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 93 - 125 - 70 - 53 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Increase funding to allow for the hiring of more law enforcement personnel, including police and prosecutors, training for forensic analysis of digital online sexual exploitation of children evidence, and create a centralized database to allow for quicker action on cases involving the worst forms of child labor. - - - Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice; ensure the budget for the Department of Labor and Employment, Bureau of Worker Concerns includes an allocation for the salaries of labor inspectors located outside of the National Capital Region; and increase resources available to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce, particularly in the informal sector and in rural areas where child labor is prevalent. - - - Develop and provide specialized training for labor inspectors on identification of child labor. - - - Allow Rescue the Child Laborers Quick Action Teams to conduct unannounced compliance visits to private homes. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Enhance efforts to prevent the inappropriate incarceration of, and violence against, children suspected to be engaged in the production and trafficking of drugs and those caught in crossfire during anti-drug operations. - - - Prosecute law enforcement officials and civilians responsible for the killing of children engaged in the drug trade and officials who are complicit in trafficking or allow traffickers to operate without impunity. - - - Ensure that youth rehabilitation centers, including Houses of Hope (Bahay ng Pag-as a), are accredited and in compliance with standards set by the Department of Social Welfare and Development and Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council. - - - Offer criminal law enforcement officials training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor, including the proper handling of digital evidence in criminal trials. - - - Prosecute trafficking crimes in a timely manner and hire more criminal prosecutors to lessen the workload. - - - Incorporate procedures to allow for efficient restitution to victims of trafficking. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that social programs are fully implemented, including the Strengthening Local Systems and Partnerships for More Effective and Sustainable Counter-Trafficking in Persons in the Philippines. - - - Institute a program to address and combat the sexual abuse and exploitation of children in the production of child pornography, including live streaming. - - - Provide specialized care and rehabilitative services for children who have been victimized through sexual abuse and exploitation through live streaming and in the production of child pornography by their families. - - - Develop programs to increase protections for and provide assistance to children engaged in drug trafficking and children impacted by the death of a familial breadwinner to address their heightened vulnerability. - - - Ensure that "Houses of Hope" (Bahay ng Pag-as a) child detention centers in the Philippines do not subject children to physical or emotional abuse, that those who commit such crimes are held accountable, and that centers are provided with adequate resources to remedy overcrowding and unhygienic conditions. - - - Increase access to free, compulsory education by eliminating unofficial school-related fees and addressing issues related to inadequate school infrastructure, including architectural barriers. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- -addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - RICHES - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/riches - - - CARING Gold Mining Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/caring-gold-mining-project-convening-stakeholders-develop-and-implement-strategies - - - SAFE Seas - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/safe-seas - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Fishing Sector in Indonesia and the Philippines- Phases I and II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthEastAsia_Fishing_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Against Child Exploitation (ACE) Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/against-child-exploitation-ace-project - - - Building Capacity, Awareness, Advocacy and Programs Project (BuildCA2P) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/buildca2p-building-capacity-awareness-advocacy-and-programs-project - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-6 - - - Project to Combat Exploitative Child Labor in Sugarcane Growing Areas of the Philippines - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-combat-exploitative-child-labor-sugarcane-growing-areas-philippines - - - ABK3 LEAP - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/abk3-leap-livelihoods-education-advocacy - - - Towards a Child Labour-Free Philippines: Supporting the ‘Philippine Program Against Child Labour’ in Building on Past Gains and Addressing Challenges - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labour-free-philippines-supporting-philippine-program-against-child - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Philippines: ABK Initiative Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_ABK_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Philippines: The ABK Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_ABK_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Republic of the Philippines - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Philippines: Preparatory Activities for a Timebound Program (TBP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_TBP_Prep_CLOSED.pdf - - - Reporting on the State of the Nation's Working Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in the Philippines - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_SIMPOC_PhI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Russia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/russia - Indo-Pacific - - - Bricks - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Timber - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - Rwanda - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/rwanda - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Rwanda made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Rwanda finalized a new national action plan to combat human trafficking and launched a new hotline for the public to report child abuse, including child labor. Furthermore, the Isange One Stop Centers that provide services to human trafficking victims inaugurated the first child-safe space to provide care to child victims of trafficking. However, children in Rwanda are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining, including carrying heavy loads. Reports indicate that government officials have detained children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation and forced street begging in transit centers intended for individuals demonstrating so-called deviant behaviors, in which children often experience physical abuse. The number of labor inspectors does not meet the International Labor Organization's technical advice for the size of Rwanda's workforce. Finally, social programs do not address all relevant sectors in which child labor is present. - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 6-14 - 0.054 - 156522 - 0.789 - 0.032 - 0.179 - - - 6-14 - 0.894 - - - 7-14 - 0.049 - - - 0.974 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - - 166705 - 37 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 9432 - 9432 - 253 - 8 - 8 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 8 - 19 - 8 - 0 - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Establish by law compulsory education up to the age of 15 and free basic public education. - - - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work. - - - - - Report the number of complaints received by the Rwandan National Police's hotline that relate to child labor. - - - Increase the number of inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources, personnel, and training to enforce child labor laws. - - - Cease the practice of detaining and physically abusing children who work on the street and ensure that children in detention receive adequate screening and services, and are not subjected to abuse or unhealthy detention conditions. - - - Improve ability of law enforcement agencies to share data relevant to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources and are able to combat both domestic and transnational human trafficking. - - - - - Ensure that actions are taken to implement the Strategic Plan for the Integrated Child Rights Policy. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Social Protection Strategy. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement social programs during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - Remove barriers to education, such as language barriers for non-English speakers, costs for uniforms and school supplies, and unofficial school fees, and ensure access for children with disabilities. - - - Expand existing social programs to address all relevant sectors of child labor, including agriculture and mining. - - - Expand services for human trafficking victims, including programs for long-term care in shelters. - - - Ensure that service providers are properly trained to identify victims of human trafficking. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children in Tea-Growing Areas (REACH-T) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/rwanda-education-alternatives-children-tea-growing-areas-reach-t - - - Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children (REACH) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/rwanda-education-alternatives-children-reach - - - - - Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-helena-ascension-and-tristan-da-cunha - Europe and Eurasia - Yes + + Tonga + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tonga + Indo-Pacific + No Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha, in 2021, the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Ascensión passed a new Employment Ordinance during the reporting period which sets the minimum age for work at 14. However, Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement in preventing the worst forms of child labor. There is no functioning labor inspectorate in Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha to enforce labor laws. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, the islands have yet to define, by law or regulation, the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, other than work on vessels engaged in maritime navigation. Gaps also remain in legislation across Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha related to forced child labor and the trafficking of children for labor exploitation. + In 2022, Tonga made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched its Future-Ready Children program to expand remote learning opportunities for students and support the drafting of a child protection policy. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Tonga is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Research indicates that Tonga lacks a functioning labor inspectorate for the enforcement of labor laws and regulations. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. CChildren in Tonga are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in farming and fishing. There are no laws specifying a minimum age for work, defining hazardous forms of work for children under age 18, or prohibiting the use of children for the production and trafficking of drugs, leaving children unprotected from labor exploitation. In addition, the government has not established a mechanism to coordinate its efforts to address child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.946 + + + 7-14 + 0.478 + + + 0.975 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes* + + No + Yes* + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + No + Unknown + + + + + Establish a minimum age for work of at least 15 years, and preferably up to the compulsory education age of 18. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits all forms of commercial sexual exploitation for both girls + and boys under age 18. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish + by law free basic public education. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits forced labor, including debt bondage and slavery. + + + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work. + + + + + Publish + information on criminal law enforcement activities, including the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that enforcement personnel receive training and resources + necessary to enforce laws prohibiting child labor, including laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and conduct refresher courses. + + + Establish a formal referral mechanism between enforcement personnel and social service providers to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, + including its worst forms. + + + Hire and train labor inspectors to conduct workplace inspections, including routine inspections outside of responses to complaints of child labor. + + + Establish a functioning labor inspectorate for the enforcement of labor laws and regulations. + + + + + Establish + a coordinating mechanism to address the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies. + + + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement the Migration and Sustainable Development Policyand United Nations Pacific Strategy and publish + results from activities implemented on an annual basis. + + + + + Implement programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, agriculture, and fishing. + + + Collect + and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including its worst + forms, to inform policies and programs. + + + Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children, including by updating school buildings for students with disabilities. + + + + + Yes + Yes + No + + + + Tunisia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tunisia + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Tunisia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In September 2022, the government enacted a new law to address child sexual exploitation in the production of pornography. It also launched a digital platform to improve coordination among agencies who respond to child abuse, including child labor, and opened two new schools to help students who had dropped out of school reintegrate back into education or job skills training. However, children in Tunisia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. The budget for staffing and logistics, such as for fuel and transportation, is inadequate to carry out inspections, especially in remote areas of the country. In addition, the government was unable to provide complete data on its law enforcement efforts due to delays in the digitization of court records. + + + + 5-14 + 0.03 + 50364 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.942 + + + 7-14 + 0.028 + + + 1.047 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 4700000 + 346 + Yes + Yes + 117 + 28 + 1 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Provide adequate staff and other resources, including fuel and transportation, to enable the labor inspectorate to conduct a greater number of inspections, particularly in remote areas and in the informal economy. + + + Collect and publish information related to the penalties collected as it relates to the civil enforcement of child labor violations. + + + Increase penalties for those who employ children + in violation of child labor law protections to deter potential violations and reduce recidivism. + + + Collect and publish information on criminal law enforcement of child labor laws, including on the number of criminal child labor investigations that were conducted, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed for child labor crimes. + + + Ensure that law enforcement and the judiciary are fully informed as to the existence and application of anti-human trafficking penalties, and impose these penalties when appropriate. + + + Ensure that children are not prosecuted for child labor crimes that they were forced to commit. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Establish long-term support and relocation options for survivors of child labor, including child trafficking. + + + Address + barriers to education, especially for children in rural areas, such as unreliable transportation to schools. + + + Expand existing programs to fully address the scope of the + child labor problem, including in agriculture, fishing, commerce, manufacturing, domestic work, and construction. + + + Research and publish detailed information on the involvement of children in child labor, as well as those at risk of being involved, and publish this information to inform policies. + + + Ensure that victim services are accessible to those with disabilities and that interpretation services for all relevant languages, including sign language, are available to assist victims in receiving services. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + + + Turkey + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/turkey + Middle East and North Africa + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Citrus Fruits + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Cumin + Yes + No + No + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Furniture + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + No + No + + + Hazelnuts + Yes + No + No + + + Peanuts + Yes + No + No + + + Pulses + Yes + No + No + + + Sugar Beets + Yes + No + No + + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Piloting the USDA Guidelines in the Hazelnut Supply Chain in Turkey + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/piloting-usda-guidelines-hazelnut-supply-chain-turkey-0 + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Turkey + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Turkey_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Turkey – Supporting the Timebound National Policy and Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Turkey + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Turkey_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Turkmenistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/turkmenistan + Indo-Pacific + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + No + + + + + Tuvalu + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tuvalu + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, Tuvalu made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Advisory Committee on the Convention on the Rights of the Child worked on developing a child protection policy for schools.However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Tuvalu engage in child labor in fishing and domestic work. The government has not specified, by national law or regulation, the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Tuvalu lacks information on labor law and criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.794 + + + 7-14 + 0.089 + + + 0.883 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + 0 + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for all children in consultation with + employers' and workers’ organizations. + + + Establish by law free public education for all children to at least age 15 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure the forced labor laws criminally prohibit slaveryand practices similar to slavery or debt bondage and forced or compulsory labor. + + + Ensure child trafficking laws criminally prohibit the domestic trafficking of children. + + + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including if training was provided for criminal investigators, the number of investigations, the number of prosecutions initiated, and number of imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish labor law enforcement information, including labor inspectorate funding, if a mechanism to assess civil penalties exists, number of labor inspections conducted at worksite, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, whether routine inspections were conducted, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. + + + Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that all social programs that address child labor remain active and publish information on activities taken on an annual basis. + + + Institute programs to + address child labor in domestic work and the fishing sector. + + + Conduct research to determine the activities + carried out by children working in the services sector to inform policies and + programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Uganda + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uganda + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Uganda made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government secured seven convictions for crimes related to child trafficking for labor purposes. The National Steering Committee on the Elimination of Child Labor approved a child labor inspection checklist and the 2021 Baseline Survey on child labor in the rice and sugarcane growing areas in Eastern Uganda. Additionally, a National Child Focused Research Agenda (2022-2026) was launched during the reporting period. The Research Agenda enables relevant research to support evidence based programing and includes research questions on child labor. However, children in Uganda are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. The lack of a centralized supervisory authority along with inadequate funding, training, and resources hampered the capacity of law enforcement agencies to conduct child labor inspections and investigations. In addition, the law only guarantees free education through the primary level, which does not meet the international standard that free basic education through lower secondary school be guaranteed by law. + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Charcoal + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Sand + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Vanilla + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.222 + 2525644 + 0.949 + 0.018 + 0.033 + + + 5-14 + 0.851 + + + 7-14 + 0.259 + + + 0.527 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 13 + No + No + + + + 81450 + 195 + No + Yes + 283 + 56 + 0 + 0 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 532 + 115 + 7 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that only minors age 16 and older who have + received adequate, specific instruction or vocational training are permitted to + perform hazardous work, and that their health, safety, and morals are fully + protected. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + Increase the compulsory education age from 13 to 16, the minimum age for work. + + + + + Ensure that the inspectorate is using its existing authorities to inspect private farms and homes and to conduct sufficient routine and unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector. + + + Significantly + increase the number of labor inspectors from 195 to 275 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 11 million people. + + + Strengthen + mechanisms for following up on child labor claims and referring street children, including potential human trafficking + victims, to social services providers, and prevent these children from being + detained and abused by police. + + + Continue to increase efforts to ensure that public officials who facilitate or participate in human trafficking or the worst forms of child labor are held accountable, including officials who have ties with labor recruitment companies, and publish relevant reports. + + + Ensure that child labor cases reach the Industrial Court and that penalties are assessed by addressing monitoring issues and improving the court's reach outside urban centers. + + + Improve coordination between national and district-level child labor enforcement bodies to ensure that relevant data are shared, and child labor inspections are prioritized across the country. + + + Provide the labor inspectorate with sufficient funding and resources at the district level to ensure that inspectors are present in all districts and are able to carry out their duties. + + + Increase the capacity of criminal law enforcement agencies to respond to the worst forms of child labor by dedicating more personnel to worst forms of child labor cases and improving training for criminal law enforcement staff. + + + Enhance the effectiveness of the inspectorate to enforce labor laws, including byestablishing a mechanism to assess child labor violation penalties. + + + Ensure an adequate number of labor inspections are conducted and strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating routine and targeted inspections based on the analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Ensure that district labor action plans reflect the Ministry of Gender, Labor, and Social Development's priorities. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by defraying informal costs borne by families, including supplies, uniforms, and materials; addressing physical and sexual violence; and ensuring sufficient teachers, infrastructure, and transportation in rural areas. + + + Ensure the availability of shelters for victims + of child labor, including child trafficking victims. + + + Expand existing social programs to address the + scope of the child labor problem, particularly in mining and commercial + sexual exploitation, in all areas of the country. + + + Enhance efforts to ensure that refugee children have equal access to educational opportunities by addressing gender-based violence and exploitation, harassment, and refugee discrimination; accommodating the language needs of refugee students; and ensuring that there are well-equipped schools accessible to refugee settlements. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key + social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make + information about implementation measures publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Catalyzing Civil Society to Accelerate Progress Against Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/catalyzing-civil-society- + accelerate-progress-against-child-labor-catalyst + + + African Youth Empowerment and Development Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/african-youth-empowerment-and-development-initiative-ayedi-0 + + + Project of Support for the Preparatory Phase of the Uganda National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_TBP_Prep_0.pdf + + + Livelihoods, Education and Protection to End Child Labor in Uganda + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_LEAP_0.pdf + + + Opportunities for Reducing Adolescent and Child Labor through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_ORACLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Uganda + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + SIMPOC: National Survey + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/simpoc-national-survey-0 + + + Combating and Preventing HIV/AIDS-Induced Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa: Pilot Action in Uganda and Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_HIVAIDS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Ukraine + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ukraine + Europe and Eurasia + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Ukraine made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Russia’s war on Ukraine may have impacted the government’s ability to address the worst forms of child labor throughout the country. In March 2022, the government established the Coordination Headquarters for the Protection of the Rights of the Child in Conditions of Martial Law to coordinate the temporary domestic and international evacuation of Ukrainian children living in various government institutions in areas affected by Russia's war on Ukraine. In addition, the government increased its child trafficking prevention efforts at national and local levels, to include sharing counter-trafficking information with refugees at the border crossing points. The government worked to bring back Ukrainian children who were unlawfully transferred or deported to Russia by Russia’s forces.However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Ukraine is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to prohibitunannouncedlabor inspections. Ukrainian laws do not meet international standards for the prohibition of commercialized sexual exploitation because they do not criminalize the users of prostitution involving children. In addition, the government has not published labor and criminal law enforcement information. Children in Ukraine are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of pornography. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. In addition, it remains unclear how Russia’s ongoing war on Ukraine will continue to affect the child labor situation throughout the country. + + + Amber + Yes + No + No + + + Coal + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.097 + 385204 + 0.97 + 0.005 + 0.025 + + + 5-14 + 0.972 + + + 7-14 + 0.12 + + + 1.026 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Prohibit all children under age 16 from working + in hazardous occupations during vocational training. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 16 to 17 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution, and the use, procuring, or offering of children in pornographic performances. + + + + + Authorize the State Labor Service to enforce collection of delinquent penalties to ensure that all penalties imposed are collected. + + + Ensure that all labor inspectors, including those working outside the capital, receive training on child trafficking. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors employed by regional governments receive adequate training that is consistent with that provided to labor inspectors employed by the State Labor Service. + + + Strengthen the labor inspection system by removing restrictions on labor inspectors' authority to conduct unannounced onsite inspections, both proactively and in response to complaints. + + + Hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. Ensure that former child soldiers are not penalized for crimes they were forced to commit. + + + Publish labor and criminal law enforcement information. + + + Employ at least 870 labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of approximately 17.4 million people. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to address all worst forms of child labor in all sectors, including in mining and agriculture. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including hazardous child labor in mining. + + + Implement all policies addressing child labor, including the Resolution on the Social Protection of Children and Urgent Measures to Protect the Rights of the Child, and the Ukraine’s National Strategy on Human Rights. + + + + + Develop programs to ensure that Roma children are registered at birth and are able to access + education. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient resources for the Centers for Social Services for Family, Youth, and Children to assist child victims of human trafficking. + + + Establish a procedure to implement the law empowering any civil registry office to issue a Ukrainian birth registration on the basis of a birth certificate issued in the areas of Donetsk and Luhansk. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including the activities carried out by children working in mining, farming, raising animals, and construction, to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure all children can safely access education. + + + Implement social programs to assist children subjected to all forms of child labor, including hazardous work in mining. + + + Allocate resources and trained personnel to assist with child victims of commercial sexual exploitation in all state-run facilities that serve children in need. + + + Institute a rehabilitation and reintegration program for children engaged in armed conflict. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement activities of Directorate for the Development of Social Services and Protection of Children's Rights, and make information about implementation activities publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + + + Uzbekistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uzbekistan + Indo-Pacific + No + Significant Advancement + In 2022, Uzbekistan made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In October 2022, the Uzbek president signed a new labor code which places additional restrictions on work that can be performed by children. The government also issueda decree to reduce informal work and worked with the International Labor Organization to conduct a comprehensive survey of working conditions in the construction sector. In addition, it opened a new employment center in Tashkent that provides vocational skills training, as well as education on local and foreign labor laws, including to youth, women, and individuals with disabilities. Additionally, the National Commission on Combating Trafficking in Persons and Forced Labor adopted action plans to implement U.S. government recommendations on child labor and trafficking in persons. In December 2022, the President announced a government reorganization, effective January 1, 2023, in which the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations was renamed the Ministry of Employment and Poverty Reduction and absorbed other responsibilities related to social welfare, which were previously under other ministries. However, children in Uzbekistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture and public works. While the government has made strong progress in addressing labor issues in the cotton harvest, there continue to be impediments to the operation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in addressing broader labor concerns. Human rights NGOs and civil society organizations, including those working on forced and child labor issues, are frequently denied official registration for bureaucratic reasons, sometimes for failing to meet registration requirements that had not been publicly specified. + + + Silk Cocoons + No + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.043 + 244095 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.841 + + + 7-14 + 0.05 + + + 1.06 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 150000 + 344 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 5 + 5 + 2 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which children who have not yet completed their compulsory schooling may work. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 344 to 698 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 14 million people. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors conduct self-initiated unannounced inspections in all sectors, including at private enterprises, even if no complaint has been filed. + + + Thoroughly investigate all potential criminal cases involving the worst forms of child labor and, when sufficient evidence exists, refer violations for prosecution. + + + Remove barriers to investigating and prosecuting officials who may be complicit in child labor violations. + + + Share detailed information on whether labor inspections are taking place at work sites and if inspectors are targeting high-risk sectors. + + + Provide more detailed information on labor inspections, including the number of unannounced inspections and how many inspections are conducted onsite versus through documentary inspection. + + + + + Remove obstacles to the registration of NGOs monitoring child labor, forced labor, and other labor rights issues, including making all registration requirements public. + + + Designate standard mechanisms for communication between external stakeholders and national coordinating bodies to facilitate coordination of efforts to address forced labor and human trafficking. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and + nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Implement targeted programs to address the worst forms of + child labor in public works, street works, and agriculture sectors other than cotton harvesting. + + + Ensure that schools do not charge informal fees to students or their families. + + + Ensure educational access for children who do not speak Uzbek or Russian. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Central Asia Regional Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Support for the Implementation of the Decent Work Country Programme in Uzbekistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/support-implementation-decent-work-country-programme-uzbekistan + + + Enhancing Transparency and Accountability in Uzbekistan’s Cotton Industry + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/enhancing-transparency-and-accountability-uzbekistans-cotton-industry + + + + + Vanuatu + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/vanuatu + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Vanuatu made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government partnered with the United Nations Children's Fund to launch several child protection programs, including establishing a free, 24/7 child helpline to connect callers with trained child protection offices to report concerns. Additionally, the National Child Protection Referral Pathway guidance document was released, which outlined the roles of different stakeholders and service providers to provide support to children, including psychosocial support. Lastly, the government streamlined the issuance of national identification cards for children. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Vanuatu are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in forestry and logging sectors. Vanuatu’s minimum age for hazardous work, 15, is below the international standard of 18. Vanuatu also lacks a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services providers. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.016 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + + + Ratify + the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Raise the minimum age for hazardous work from 15 to 18, to comply with international standards. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children after consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. + + + Ensure + that the law protects children ages 12 and 13 employed in light agricultural + work by specifying the activities and hours per week that are allowed. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of + children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure + that the law includes heightened penalties for the use of children in illicit activities, + including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for work. + + + Establish + by law provision of free basic public education. + + + Ensure that all forms of child labor, including street vending such as selling newspapers, are prohibited by law. + + + + + Train + labor inspectors and criminal investigators on human anti-trafficking and enforcement of child labor laws, and make the + results of these efforts public. + + + Strengthen coordination and sufficiently fund referral mechanisms between the Department of Labor, the Vanuatu Police Force, the Vanuatu Tourism office, and social welfare services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of labor inspectors, labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. + + + Publish information on the number of criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions made, and penalties imposed. + + + Establish interagency protocols and a referral and coordination mechanism between Kastom and government child protection services. + + + Ensure that the Child Desk has adequate financial and human resources to develop and integrate national planning initiatives for child protection policies. + + + Ensure that all complaints of child labor are investigated, regardless of who lodges the complaint. + + + Employ at least three labor inspectors to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 108,000 people. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors in Vanuatu receive anti-human trafficking trainings. + + + Ensure that interagency coordinationon human trafficking investigations between law enforcement agencies is formalized. + + + + + Ensure that the National Child Protection Working Group is takesmeaningful action to implement policies to prevent and eliminate child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all policies are allocated funding and implemented as intended to address all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Ensure that social services providers and civil society organizations are registered and follow a standard set of procedures in providing care to vulnerable children. + + + Publish information regarding actions undertaken to implement the National Child Protection Policy. + + + Publish information regarding actions undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in forestry logging, and street vending, such as selling newspapers. + + + Increase access to education for all children, including by funding inclusive education, increasing access for remote students, improving facilities to accommodate all children, improving infrastructure, particularly in sanitation, and expanding teacher training. + + + Ensure that the Education School Fee Grant is sufficiently funded and contains child labor elimination policies or efforts. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Venezuela + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/venezuela + Latin America and the Caribbean + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Gold + No + Yes + No + + + + + Vietnam + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/vietnam + Indo-Pacific + + + Not covered in Child Labor Report. + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cashews + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Furniture + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Leather + Yes + No + No + + + Pepper + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles + Yes + No + No + + + Timber + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- + addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean + + + Technical Support for Enhancing National Capacity to Prevent and Reduce Child Labour in Vietnam + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/technical-support-enhancing-national-capacity-prevent-and-reduce-child-labour-0 + + + Vietnam Country Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Vietnam_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Wallis and Futuna + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/wallis-and-futuna + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Assessment + For the 2022 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Wallis and Futuna’s efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the country has an adequate legal and enforcement framework on child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + West Bank and the Gaza Strip + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/west-bank-and-the-gaza-strip + Middle East and North Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2022, the Palestinian Authority made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor in the areas of the West Bank under its control. In 2022, the labor inspectorate detected 360 more violations of child labor laws than in 2021 and courts achieved 9 convictions for child labor crimes. However, children in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction and fishing. The Palestinian Authority’s legal framework does not establish child trafficking or forced labor as a criminal offense in accordance with international standards. Labor investigators also reported that they cannot inspect worksites at night, when they suspect child labor occurs, because of insufficient funding for overtime. In addition, social programs to prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.016 + + + + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes† + 18 + No + Yes† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 80 + Yes + Yes + 14041 + 411 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 211 + 9 + 9 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits child trafficking, including + both + domestic and international human trafficking, in accordance with international + standards. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery and practices similar to slavery, including debt bondage and forced or compulsory labor. + + + Ensure + that the use, procurement, and offering of children for all forms of commercial + sexual exploitation are criminally prohibited. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from age 15 to age 16 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, excepting only those working in family and small-scale holdings producing for local consumption and not regularly employing hired workers. + + + + + Ensure + that child labor laws are enforced in the Gaza Strip. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding and the number of violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Provide further resources and staff, including budget for overtime hours and vehicles, to the Ministry of Labor to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations in all sectors, including family-owned businesses and at night. + + + Ensure that penalties against those who use child labor in contravention of Palestinian Authority laws can be levied even if the employer terminates the employment of a child. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to prevent and eliminate child + labor. + + + + + Adopt policies to address child labor in construction, street work, and agriculture. + + + + + Expand + programs to improve access to education; for example, ensure that + children are not subjected to violence, schools are weatherproof, and delays at checkpoints do not prevent children from attending school. + + + Expand + programs to further address child labor, specifically in construction, street + work, and agriculture. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Western Sahara + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/western-sahara + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Morocco made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Kingdom of Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the area that it controls with the same constitution, laws, and structures as in internationally recognized Morocco, including laws that deal with child labor. The Moroccan government developed a guide for use by a wide variety of government ministries to aid in the identification of trafficking victims and conducted trainings to inform the development of a referral mechanism for victim services. A national anti-trafficking strategy was enacted in March 2023, which includes enhanced referral mechanisms for victims of trafficking needing social services. However, children in Western Sahara are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. The law on minimum age for work does not meet international standards, as children 15 years of age and under are not protected when working in traditional artisan and handicraft sectors. Furthermore, the scope of government social programs that target child labor is insufficient. For example, current programs do not fully address children exploited through domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - Unavailable - + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + + + + + Ensure that all children age 15 and under are protected by law, including children who work in artisan and handicraft sectors for family businesses. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors from 500 to 819 to provide adequate coverage of the labor force. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate is made up of public servants rather than contractors. + + + Impose penalties whenever child labor violations are found. + + + + + Ensure coordinating mechanisms are working to eliminate all worst forms of child labor by reporting on child labor efforts through existing coordinating bodies for children or trafficking in persons or creating a coordinating body that has a child labor reduction focus. + + + + + Not applicable + + + + + Conduct a comprehensive study of children's work activities to inform policies and practices to determine whether children are engaged in or at risk of becoming involved in child labor and determine the number of child laborers and their education levels. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor + problem, including child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and domestic work. + + + Remove barriers to education, such as insufficient facilities, lack of reliable and safe transportation, and unqualified teachers, particularly in rural areas. + + + + + No + No + No + + + + Yemen + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/yemen + Middle East and North Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Yemen made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2022, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor conducted four inspections based on complaints. However, despite this initiative, Yemen is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement practices that delay advancement to eliminate child labor. There is evidence of recruitment and use of children in hostilities by state armed forces in contravention of Yemeni law. Furthermore, the government failed to make efforts to address discrimination in schools against children from the Muhamasheen (“marginalized”) community, leading to their increased vulnerability to child labor. Children in Yemen are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and use in armed conflict, including by Houthi insurgent forces (also known as Ansar Allah) and other armed groups. Children also perform dangerous tasks in fishing. Research found no evidence of a government policy on worst forms of child labor outside of child soldiering. Moreover, the Republic of Yemen government continued to have limited operational control over its ministries and was unable to enforce regulations to address child labor. + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.136 + 834866 + 0.7 + 0.022 + 0.278 + + + 5-14 + 0.68 + + + 7-14 + 0.103 + + + 0.723 + - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes - - - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Ascensión - Ascensión - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Ascensión - Ascensión - No - 14 - No - No - - - - - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Ascensión - Ascensión - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Ascensión - Ascensión - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - No - N/A - No - No - - - Ascensión - Ascensión - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Ascensión - Ascensión - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Ascensión - Ascensión - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Saint Helena and Tristán da Cunha - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Ascensión - Ascensión - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Implement legislation prohibiting children from engaging in all types of hazardous work in Ascensión, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that forced labor, debt bondage, and slavery are criminally prohibited. - - - Establish laws to criminally prohibit trafficking of children for labor exploitation. - - - Establish laws to criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities in Ascensión. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Establish a labor inspectorate to enforce labor laws, including laws pertaining to child labor. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in + Persons. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits forced labor. + + + Ensure + that trafficking of children, including recruitment, harboring, transportation, + transfer, and receipt, for purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual + exploitation, is criminalized and punishments are prescribed. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the + recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 to 15 to align with the compulsory education age. + + + Ensure that the law adequately prohibits and provides punishments for using, procuring, or offering a child in pornography and pornographic performances, and using a child in prostitution. + + + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has the + capacity to enforce labor laws, including sufficient funding, labor inspectors, office facilities, transportation, and fuel. + + + Ensure that authorities enforce minimum age + protections in all sectors in which the worst forms of child labor are + prevalent, including in temporary employment, farming, and domestic work. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies + enforce child labor laws and publish information on enforcement activities. + + + Employ at least 195 labor inspectors to ensure adequate + coverage of the labor force of approximately 7.8 million people. + + + Enforce laws prohibiting children under age 18 from joining the Yemeni Armed Forces. Ensure that any children under age 18 already in the Yemeni Armed Forces and pro-government militias do not engage in combat. + + + + + Ensure that the National Steering Committee to Combat Child Labor is active and able to carry out its intended mandates. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all worst + forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and child + trafficking. + + + + + Implement + programs to address the worst forms of child labor and expand programs to improve children’s equal access to + education, particularly for child Muhamasheen. + + + Institute a rehabilitation and reintegration + program for children engaged in armed conflict and children involved in other + worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and fishing. + + - NA - NA - NA + Yes + Yes + NA - - - Saint Lucia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/st-lucia - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Saint Lucia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the Counter-Trafficking Amendment Act, which includes provisions to protect victims of human trafficking regardless of their citizenship status. The government also increased its number of labor inspectors from 4 in 2020 to 8 in 2021 and updated standard operating procedures for the identification, referral, and protection of victims of human trafficking. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Saint Lucia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in the sale and distribution of drugs. Saint Lucia's legal framework does not sufficiently prohibit the commercial sexual exploitation of children and the use of children in illicit activities. In addition, policies addressing all forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, do not exist. - - - - 5-14 - 0.075 - 2017 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.997 - - - 7-14 - 0.082 - - - 1.004 - - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 496296 - 8 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 45 - 45 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit using a child for commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit procuring or offering a child for illicit activities, including drug trafficking and production. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient funding for conducting labor inspections. - - - Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts conducted during the reporting period. - - - Increase the resources allocated to criminal investigators, including funding and equipment. - - - Ensure that existing penalties are sufficient to deter employers from committing child labor violations. - - - Ensure that the judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be tried in a timely manner. - - - - - Ensure the Office of Gender Relations is active and able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - - - Ensure that the National Social Protection Policy is implemented and is able to fulfill its mandate. - - - Adopt policies to address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, and make it accessible for all children by ensuring that violence does not occur at schools. - - - Design and implement social programs that specifically target and assist children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities such as the sale and transportation of drugs. - - - Ensure that funding for social programs is sufficient so that it can meet the needs of all children, including vulnerable children, and that it does not highly rely on foreign assistance. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-vincent-and-grenadines - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Task Force Against Trafficking in Persons coordinated numerous trainings for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit of the Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force, frontline healthcare workers, and frontline volunteers from the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Red Cross Society. The training modules addressed human trafficking indicators, such as victim identification, care and protection, awareness raising, and survivor and professional resources. In addition, the government distributed food parcels to 349 student participants through its program Zero Hunger Trust Fund. The government also funded and provided resources for several human trafficking awareness campaigns, including a live radio program, distributing hundreds of brochures to evacuees of the La Soufrière volcano eruption, and training to healthcare and frontline workers. However, children in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines engage in child labor in street vending, including selling fruits and vegetables at local farmers' markets. Gaps remain in the legal framework, as the law does not fully meet international standards because the use of children for prostitution, pornography, or pornographic performances is not prohibited. In addition, the minimum age for hazardous work falls below international standards and there is no legislation prohibiting the using, procuring, and offering of children in illicit activities, including in the production of drugs. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.049 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 591907 - 6 - No - N/A - N/A - Yes - 35 - 35 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - 0 - - - - - Establish 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of children for illicit activities, including in the production of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. - - - Increase resources, including personnel and vehicles, for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit to expand their capacity to address human trafficking throughout the country. - - - Ensure training is provided, including offering periodic refresher courses to criminal investigators during the reporting period. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to address all worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Adopt policies to address child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children in rural communities, by providing public transportation. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in relevant sectors. - - - - - Yes - Yes - No - - - - Samoa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/samoa - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Samoa made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published the results of the Samoa Demographic Health Survey and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019–2020, with data on child labor. In addition, Samoa's Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Labor, the Samoa Child Labor Task Force, and the International Labor Organization hosted the Child Labor Forum, in which the Government of Samoa committed to becoming an Alliance 8.7 Pathfinder Country. However, children in Samoa are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including use in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in street work. Furthermore, research found no evidence of laws that prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the government did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement or criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - 5-14 - 0.221 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.892 - - - 7-14 - 0.304 - - - 1.114 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that the law’s provisions addressing "light work" are specific enough to prevent children from becoming involved in child labor, including street vending. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, or offering of a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery and practices similar to slavery or debt bondage. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits commercial sexual exploitation of children between ages 16 to 18. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure access to free public education. - - - - - Publish labor law enforcement data for child labor law violations, penalties imposed, and penalties collected for all provinces. In addition, publish information about labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number of labor inspections conducted at the worksite, whether routine inspections were targeted, whether unannounced inspections were conducted, and whether refresher training courses were provided. - - - Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Samoa meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement data for the worst forms of child labor, including the numbers of both routine and unannounced investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions made, and penalties imposed. In addition, publish information on whether refresher courses were provided for criminal law investigators and whether reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Integrate strategies to eliminate and prevent child labor into the Strategy for the Development of Samoa and the Education Sector Plan. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Institute programs to address child labor, including in street vending and commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Senegal - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/senegal - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Senegal made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government commenced activities for the 2021–2023 National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings and launched a program to support children living and working on the streets. It also held trainings for labor inspectors focused on data collection on child labor in the informal economy. However, children in Senegal are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include domestic work or street work, areas in which there is evidence of potential harm to child workers, and labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lack resources to adequately enforce child labor law. In addition, Senegal does not have a current national action plan or a national coordinating body for the elimination of child labor. - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.223 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.53 - - - 7-14 - 0.139 - - - 0.605 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 68 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish specific criminal penalties for the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Clarify forced begging provisions in the Penal Code and the Law Concerning the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons to explicitly prohibit forced begging, including alms-seeking, under any circumstances. - - - Ensure that the law governing hazardous work prohibitions for children is comprehensive. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to that which education is compulsory. - - - - - Publish all relevant information on labor inspectorate funding and on the number of inspections conducted, including those conducted at worksites. - - - Establish a mechanism to receive child labor complaints, and track cases of child labor for referral to law enforcement or social services providers. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice, provide adequate labor inspectorate funding, and ensure that cases of child labor are formally reported. - - - Ensure that labor inspections and enforcement are carried out in the informal sector, including in private homes and farms. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement information on the number of investigations, violations found, and imposed penalties on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that courts have sufficient resources and coordination to be able to successfully prosecute cases. - - - Ensure that criminal cases involving child victims are referred to the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security's Children's Unit. - - - Ensure that training for criminal investigators adequately addresses issues related to the worst forms of child labor in Senegal. - - - - - Establish a national coordinating body with established mechanisms to prevent and eliminate child labor. - - - - - Adopt a national policy to address child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all children have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, building additional schools, improving school infrastructure and sanitation, ensuring access for students with disabilities, providing all children with access to birth registration, and protecting children in schools from sexual harassment and abuse. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in domestic work, agriculture, and mining. - - - Conduct education and awareness-raising activities among families of rescued street children to ensure children are not returned to forced begging. - - - Restart the removal activities of the Removal and Socioeconomic Reintegration Program for Children in Street Situations program. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Support for the Implementation of the Senegal Timebound Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Senegal_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Serbia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/serbia - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Serbia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a number of guidelines to facilitate improved coordination between social services providers and labor authorities. The Labor Inspectorate also received an increased budget, which allowed inspectors to conduct more inspections than in previous years. However, children in Serbia are still subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. Serbia's laws do not treat forced child beggars as victims of child labor, and the country's social welfare centers are overburdened, which limits efforts to provide services to victims of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.188 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.976 - - - 7-14 - 0.206 - - - 0.979 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 4242720 - 206 - Yes - No - N/A - Yes - 63670 - 63670 - 18 - 16 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 21 - 7 - 7 - 1 - No - N/A - No - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law does not treat child beggars as criminals. - - - Finalize and adopt the hazardous child labor list. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the use of children for prostitution is criminally prohibited. - - - - - Ensure that staff members at Social Welfare Centers have sufficient resources, such as personnel and funding, to address the specific needs of child trafficking victims. - - - Train new labor inspectors on child labor and provide training on new laws related to child labor to all labor inspectors. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators and agencies addressing human trafficking have the necessary funding and training to conduct thorough investigations. - - - Publish data pertaining to labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected and whether routine inspections were targeted. - - - - - Ensure that the National Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Persons has a level of financial support that facilitates efforts to eliminate child labor. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Strategy for Roma Inclusion. - - - Publish information on key policies undertaken to combat child labor. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the 2018–2022 Roadmap for Eliminating Abuse of Child Labor in Serbia. - - - - - Address barriers to education, including access to birth registration documentation; increase access to education for children with disabilities; and increase access and retention rates for minority populations, particularly migrant and Roma children. - - - Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children engaged in child labor, including those in farming and construction. - - - Ensure that the Access to Education Programs initiative is active. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - - - Sierra Leone - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sierra-leone - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Sierra Leone made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government ratified the Protocol of the Forced Labor Convention, the Domestic Workers Convention, and Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, as well as the Economic Community of West African States Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, providing the government with additional tools to apprehend and prosecute human traffickers. Sierra Leone also launched the National Policy on Radical Inclusion in Schools with the aim of ensuring education access to all children in the country. However, children in Sierra Leone are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in mining. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in quarrying stone and fishing. The types of hazardous work prohibited for children do not cover all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, and the government does not have a sufficient number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. In addition, Sierra Leone lacks a national policy and social program to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Diamonds - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Granite - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Palm Fruit - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.351 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.782 - - - 7-14 - 0.322 - - - 0.872 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 29 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the Child Right Act's light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which light work may be undertaken and limit the number of hours of light work. - - - Ensure hazardous work occupations prohibited for children are comprehensive, including scavenging at dumpsites. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Provide labor law and criminal law enforcement officials with sufficient resources to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. - - - Ensure the Ministry of Mines has adequate funding and resources to carry out enforcement efforts. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspections carried out and conducted at worksites. - - - Ensure unannounced inspections are conducted and cease the practice of employers being informed ahead of time. - - - Improve coordination between criminal law enforcement agencies and provide sufficient training to enforcement personnel and the judiciary to ensure that violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations undertaken, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that village-level and chiefdom-level Child Welfare Committees are established and operational in all areas. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt policies to address child labor in relevant sectors, such as mining, quarrying, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Child Trafficking Shelters program. - - - Ensure that data for household surveys are fully disaggregated and published so the prevalence of child labor at all ages, including below age 10, in Sierra Leone is known. - - - Institute programs in the education sector to address issues including lack of transportation, increasing the number of schools and qualified teachers, paying teachers' salaries on time, reducing school-related costs, and eliminating abuse, including sexual and gender-based violence by teachers and other students. - - - Increase the availability of and funding for shelters and safe houses for survivors of forced labor and for children removed from street work. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in the sectors of agriculture, domestic work, and street vending. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - CYCLE - Countering Youth and Child Labor through Education in Sierra Leone and Liberia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_CYCLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Education Innovations - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI_TraffickingComponent_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Solomon Islands - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/solomon-islands - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, the Solomon Islands made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government developed a National Education Action Plan for 2021–2025 and held consultations on the process to accede to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons. However, children in the Solomon Islands are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the harvesting of palm oil fruits. The minimum age for work does not meet international standards, and the Solomon Islands has not established a minimum age for hazardous work or delineated the types of work considered hazardous for children. In addition, there is no law that makes education compulsory, which increases children’s vulnerability to child labor exploitation. The government also did not publish labor and criminal law enforcement data for the reporting year. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.857 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Raise the minimum age for employment to comply with international standards. - - - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, including the types of work for which there is evidence of hazards, such as in scavenging and agriculture. - - - Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for employment. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits child trafficking, regardless of whether threats, the use of force, or other forms of coercion can be established. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, information about the training system for labor inspectors, and penalties imposed and collected. - - - Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. - - - Ensure agencies address issues with commitment, coordination, priorities, structural capacity, and budget allocations to enable them to enforce child labor laws. - - - Publish data about reciprocal referral mechanisms between labor and criminal authorities and social services. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Solomon Islands meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Publish information about child labor-related training for labor inspectors and criminal investigators. - - - - - Publish information on coordination mechanisms and efforts undertaken to address child labor. - - - - - Adopt a policy via the National Action Plan on Human Trafficking and People Smuggling that addresses all worst forms of child labor, including using children in commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Fee-Free Basic Education Policy. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Education Action Plan, the Fee-Free Basic Education Policy, and the United Nations Pacific Strategy. - - - - - Implement and fully fund programs to address and eliminate child labor—especially in the agriculture sector—and the worst forms of child labor. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Eliminate barriers to basic education, including by improving access to school transportation and eliminating school-related fees. - - - - - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Somalia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/somalia - Sub-Saharan Africa - Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Somalia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Federal Government of Somalia and Federal Member States participated in a workshop to validate findings from an International Labor Organization-conducted assessment of child labor in Somalia, which will inform future programing and policies in Somalia, including the National Action Plan to address child labor. The Ministry of Defense's Child Protection Unit also organized a number of training and awareness-raising forums to support implementation of the United Nations-supported 2012 action plans and the 2019 roadmap to end and prevent the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Somalia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement practices that delay advancement to eliminate child labor. During the reporting period, there is evidence that federal and state security forces continued to recruit and use children in armed conflict, in violation of national law. In other cases, government security forces detained children for suspected association with armed groups, in some cases subjecting them to lengthy interrogations and coerced confessions. Children in Somalia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. The government did not conduct worksite inspections in 2021. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. Somali laws do not criminally prohibit child labor trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. The government did not provide complete information on its criminal law enforcement efforts to address child labor for inclusion in this report. - - - - 5-14 - 0.095 - - 5-14 - 0.132 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.383 - 5-14 - 0.442 - - - 7-14 - 0.047 - 7-14 - 0.066 - - - Unavailable - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - 14 - No - No - - - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 0 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 35 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 0 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 1161 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - - - Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Ratify !LO Convention 138. - - - Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Clarify whether the pre-1991 Labor Code and Penal Code are still in effect under the Federal Government of Somalia. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken and limit the number of hours for light work. - - - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, - - - Raise the compulsory education age to be commensurate with the minimum age for work. - - - Criminally prohibit using, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that penalties for the commercial sexual exploitation of children are sufficiently stringent to deter violations. - - - Ensure that the law protects children involved in commercial sexual exploitation from criminal charges. - - - Criminally prohibit child trafficking for the purposes of labor and sexual exploitation. - - - Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has dedicated funding. - - - Ensure that labor inspections are conducted, including in targeted sectors in which child labor most frequently occurs. - - - Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and providing refresher courses. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social welfare services for children subjected to child labor. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient training and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict violators of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Cease the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the Somali Police Force, the National Intelligence and Security Agency, and the Somali National Army, as well as Galmudug, Jubaland, and Puntland forces and all allied militia. Investigate, prosecute, and punish, as appropriate, all commanders who recruit and use children. - - - Ensure that children associated with armed groups are referred to social services providers while ceasing the practices of detaining them with adults, subjecting them to lengthy interrogations without legal representation, eliciting coerced confessions, and imposing long prison terms. Transfer children currently in detention to social services providers. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Strengthen coordination between the Federal Government of Somalia and the Federal Member States, including Puntland. - - - - - Adopt policies to address child labor in agriculture, industry, street work, and domestic work. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Somalia Social Protection Policy and the National Development Plan and publish the results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Adopt a countrywide birth registration system to facilitate identification of child labor violations. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible and safe for all children by removing all armed groups from educational facilities, constructing schools outside Mogadishu, removing enrollment fees, and ensuring that girls, IDP children, and nomadic and rural children have access. - - - Develop programs to address all forms of child labor, including in street work and forced labor in agriculture. Expand the scope of existing programs to address the use of children in armed conflict. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Accelerator Lab 8.7 Project - Intensifying Action Against Forced Labor and Child Labor Through Innovation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-accelerator-lab-87- -project-intensifying-action-against-forced-labor-and-child - - - - - South Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/south-africa - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, South Africa made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. South Africa added an additional 484 labor inspectors, bringing its labor inspectorate staffing into alignment with International Labor Organization technical advice. In addition, Statistics South Africa published the results of its Survey of Activities of Young People, a household-level survey on children's economic activities, including child labor. Finally, South Africa began criminal prosecution of seven Chinese nationals who stand accused of forced child labor, human trafficking, and other related crimes. However, children in South Africa are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, forced begging, and use in illicit activities. Social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor, and free basic education is not guaranteed by law. - - - - 5-14 - 0.15 - 1559791 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.974 - - - 7-14 - 0.177 - - - 0.92 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - $47 million - 1853 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 296904 - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Publish information on the numbers of labor inspections conducted at worksites and the number of child labor violations found. - - - Ensure that sufficient resources are provided to the labor inspectorate to conduct inspections, including adequate protection and security when conducting labor inspections on private property. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials are trained to properly identify victims of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking. - - - Ensure that the South African Police Service has sufficient resources to investigate all suspected cases of child trafficking and forced child labor. - - - Ensure that victim identification and referral mechanisms function effectively to provide services to survivors of child trafficking. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement data on the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions, and convictions concerning the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordination bodies are active, include meaningful participation from relevant agencies, carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the South African Education Action Plan and the National Development Plan. - - - Include a timeframe and benchmarks in child labor policies to properly monitor and assess the progress of efforts to eliminate child labor. - - - - - Remove barriers to education by eliminating indirect costs, improving school infrastructure and sanitation, and ensuring accessibility for students with disabilities. - - - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that parents and guardians of children who qualify for the Child Support Grant are able to access the program's application material. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (TECL), Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa (TECL II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf - - - Development of a National Program of Action to Eradicate Child Labor in South Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAfrica_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Reporting on the State of the Nation's Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in the Republic of South Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAfrica_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - South Sudan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/south-sudan - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2021, South Sudan is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, South Sudan is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated complicity in the use of forced child labor. Military forces continued to recruit children, sometimes forcibly, to fight opposition groups. Otherwise, the government made efforts by supporting the Justice for Children initiative, which refers victims of child labor to special courts that have judges who are trained on how to adjudicate cases involving minors. The South Sudan People's Defense Force also launched a mobile general martial court in Jonglei and Upper Nile to commence trials for 60 suspected perpetrators of crimes against civilians, including children. Furthermore, the Ministry of General Education and Instructions, in collaboration with the United Nations Children's Fund and the United States Agency for International Development, distributed 15,498 solar powered radio sets to 70,718 vulnerable school children that facilitated lesson access during the first quarter of the year while schools remained closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Children in South Sudan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including use in armed conflict, and forced labor in cattle herding. The government did not hold perpetrators of child labor accountable and has yet to ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. In addition, police continued to arrest and imprison children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation rather than treating them as victims. - - - Cattle - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.456 - 463624 - 0.602 - 0.382 - 0.016 - - - 6-14 - 0.315 - - - 10-14 - 0.109 - - - 0.274 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 13 - No - No - - - - Unknown - 12 - No - Yes - N/A - No - 0 - 0 - 0 - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Unknown - 1 - 129 - 0 - 0 - No - N/A - No - Yes - No - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that the compulsory education age is consistent with the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor drafts and issues regulations to implement key elements related to child labor, including the number of hours and conditions for light work, and the exceptions under which 16-year-old children may perform hazardous work. - - - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate is sufficiently funded to be able to investigate labor complaints, including allegations of child labor, and to resume labor inspections, including inspections targeting sectors where child labor is known to occur. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country, including in the informal sector, and collect and publish labor force statistics, which are necessary to calculate ILO labor inspector recommendations. - - - Publish data related to labor law enforcement, including the amount of funding provided for the labor inspectorate, whether refresher courses were provided to labor inspectors, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected, and whether routine or targeted inspections were conducted. - - - End state recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, including forced recruitment of children by state and non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that initial training and refresher courses are provided to criminal investigators and that penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor are imposed. - - - Investigate, prosecute, and impose penalties on perpetrators, including government officials, who recruit or use children in armed conflict. - - - Establish a mechanism to assess penalties. - - - Ensure that labor regulations specify monetary penalties for all labor infractions, and that specified penalties are high enough to serve as a deterrent. - - - Establish referral mechanisms for victims of the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that prosecutors and law enforcement officials are familiar with the prohibitions on the worst forms of child labor, are trained in implementing all laws related to child labor, and do not treat victims of commercial sexual exploitation as offenders. - - - Ensure that the Child Act’s minimum age of 18 years for voluntary military recruitment is enforced by ending all recruitment and use of children under age 18 by the South Sudan People's Defense Force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army – In Opposition, or associated militias. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to address all worst forms of child labor, and ensure that mandates are clearly defined. - - - Ensure that the Technical Task Force on Anti-Human Trafficking and the South Sudan Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Commission are funded. - - - Ensure the South Sudan Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Commission receives its allocated funds by passing the budget on time. - - - Ensure that the Ceasefire and Transitional Security Arrangements Monitoring and Verification Mechanism is active during the reporting period. - - - - - Ensure that the General Education Strategic Plan is adequately funded. - - - Ensure that signatories of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan do not continue to recruit or re-recruit children as per the Resolution. - - - - - Conduct a national child labor survey, including research to determine the activities carried out by children, to inform policies and social programs. - - - Ensure that children complete their primary education by resuming payment of teachers’ salaries and subsidizing other school-related costs, and by withdrawing government forces from occupied schools. - - - Improve access to education by addressing the lack of school infrastructure, including for pastoralist children. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Dallaire Initiative and the Alternative Education System. - - - Increase the scope of social programs to reach more children at risk of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and child soldiering. - - - Continue to cooperate with child protection agencies, pursuant to Article 2.1.10 of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, to disarm, immediately release children in armed groups, and transfer them to appropriate social services providers. Ensure that the rehabilitation services provided to child soldiers are sufficient. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - - - Sri Lanka - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sri-lanka - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Sri Lanka made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government amended the hazardous occupations list by expanding it to include domestic labor, and amended the Minimum Wages Ordinance, the Shop and Office Employees' Act, and the Employment of Women, Young Persons and Children Act to raise the minimum age of employment from 14 to 16 years. The government also prioritized the fisheries and plantation sectors for awareness activities, conducting various trainings and other awareness-raising programs regarding eliminating child labor. In addition, it prepared a National Strategic Action Plan to Monitor and Combat Human Trafficking (2021–2025) and released a Standard Operating Procedure on the Identification, Protection, and Referral of Child Victims of Trafficking in English, Sinhala, and Tamil in partnership with an NGO. However, children in Sri Lanka are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced domestic work. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it did not impose criminal penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor or publish data on its efforts to address child labor crimes. Research indicates some children in rural areas face barriers to accessing education, including difficulties in traveling to school in some regions and an inadequate number of teachers. Furthermore, the labor inspectorate lacked sufficient staffing or funding to carry out inspections, especially inspections of factories in the northern and eastern provinces. - - - - 5-14 - 0.008 - 28515 - 0.421 - 0.219 - 0.36 - - - 5-14 - 0.98 - - - 7-14 - 0.009 - - - 0.993 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 1933333 - 570 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 38280 - 37588 - 4 - 1 - 3 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Collect and publish disaggregated information on investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and sentences of cases involving forced child labor, child trafficking, child commercial sexual exploitation, and the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Provide investigators with additional funding and adequate facilities, including transportation and facilities to record evidence, and human resources to adequately investigate forced labor, child trafficking, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Provide adequate staffing in the northern and eastern provinces for the labor inspectorate to carry out inspections. - - - Ensure that the Department of Labor has adequate funding. - - - Ensure labor inspectors have the authority to inspect private residences for violations against child workers regardless of whether a complaint is received. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that the definition of child labor used in national child labor surveys to calculate child labor statistics clearly aligns with international standards. - - - Eliminate barriers to education, including difficulties with transportation to schools and an inadequate number of teachers. - - - Institute programs to address the risks of child labor in tea estates and in coastal, agricultural, mining, and firewood-producing areas. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work in Sri Lanka - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-fundamental-principles-and-rights-work-sri-lanka - - - Emergency Response to Child Labor in Selected Tsunami Affected Areas in Sri Lanka - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SriLanka_Tsunami_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Sudan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sudan - Sub-Saharan Africa - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - Suriname - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/suriname - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Suriname made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government drafted an annual plan to implement its National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor, which includes 21 action points, including the appointment of a Special Child Labor Rapporteur and capacity strengthening for the labor inspectorate. The Trafficking in Persons Working Group also drafted a victim-centered strategic plan and operations manual, which includes consideration for child survivors of human trafficking. Moreover, the government conducted an evaluation of Suriname's implementation of the United Nation's International Convention on the Rights of Children. However, children in Suriname are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. The compulsory education age does not reach the minimum age for employment, leaving some children vulnerable to labor exploitation. Suriname also lacked targeted inspections in risk-prone sectors. - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.072 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.953 - - - 7-14 - 0.073 - - - 0.859 - - - - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - - Unknown - 50 - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - 2423 - 2423 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 2 - 2 - 11 - 0 - No - N/A - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation, including the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances. - - - Increase the compulsory education age to at least age 16, the minimum age for work. - - - Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - - - Publish information on Labor Inspectorate funding. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate and the Trafficking in Persons Unit of the Suriname Police Force are sufficiently funded and adequately staffed to cover labor inspections in both the formal and informal sectors of the labor force, including in risk-prone sectors, such as in fisheries, mining, and agricultural areas in which child labor is likely to occur, particularly in the interior of the country. - - - Provide training on the worst forms of child labor, including on identification of trafficking in persons, to new criminal investigators and to the Trafficking in Persons Unit of the Suriname Police Force. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors adequately carry out their mandate and address child labor when identified in all sectors, including at Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport. - - - Ensure the child labor referral system can adequately provide long-term solutions to child labor issues that are reported to it. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Develop social programs to prevent and eradicate child labor in agriculture and mining and to improve secondary school attendance, particularly in the interior. - - - Strengthen social services to assist child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking. - - - Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees, reducing transportation costs, increasing access to schools in remote locations, and removing requirements for documentation. - - - Ensure that all children, including children of foreign-born parents, have access to free public education regardless of citizenship and residency status, and that school registration is not used to report families without proper residential status. - - - Address issues of bullying in schools, including for LGBTQI+ students. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - São Tomé and Príncipe - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sao-tome-and-principe - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, São Tomé and Príncipe made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government provided training for all labor inspectors on issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the 2019 Labor Code. Additional training was also provided by the International Labor Organization, including the module "Labor Inspection in Fighting Against Child Labor." Moreover, in July 2021, funding for the Family Program increased from $10 million to $18 million, raising the number of program participants from 3,500 to 16,000. The distribution of these funds will continue for a period of 9 months, providing stipends twice a month for the poorest families. However, children in São Tomé and Príncipe are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Labor Code permits children younger than age 14 to work under certain circumstances, which is not consistent with international standards. Moreover, limited financial resources hampered law enforcement efforts, and criminal law enforcement did not take actions to address child labor during the reporting period. In addition, policies addressing the worst forms of child labor do not exist. - - - - 5-14 - 0.142 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.925 - - - 7-14 - 0.233 - - - 0.843 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 23000 - 6 - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - 60 - 60 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - No - N/A - No - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law a minimum age at which light work may be undertaken and adopt legislation defining the activities and conditions permissible for light work. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits practices similar to slavery or criminally prohibits debt bondage and forced or compulsory labor. - - - Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children who are self-employed. - - - - - Strengthen the Labor Inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data identifying risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents, and ensure that inspections are conducted in the informal sector in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Provide labor inspectors with adequate technical training to strengthen their ability to perform their duties and ensure that they are equipped with the necessary resources to conduct inspections, including sufficient office facilities, fuel, and transportation. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including data regarding imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators are equipped with the necessary resources, including transportation, fuel, and other necessities to carry out investigations, and ensure they receive initial training and refresher courses to better address violations of the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt policies to address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Policy and Strategy for Social Protection and that data on these activities are published. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Increase access to education for children with special needs, including creating programs that address children with mobility and hearing difficulties. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement all programs, including the Girl Empowerment and Quality Education for All project and the Decent Work Country Program, and publish data on these activities during the reporting period. - - - Implement programs that specifically target child labor in agriculture. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - - - Taiwan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/taiwan - Indo-Pacific - - - Fish - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - Tajikistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tajikistan - Indo-Pacific - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - - - Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Tanzania - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tanzania - Sub-Saharan Africa - Yes - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, The United Republic of Tanzania made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government issued a circular directing that girls be able to return to school following the completion of their pregnancy, reversing its previous support of permanently expelling girls who had become pregnant. The government also committed additional resources to address other barriers to educational access, including provision of additional classrooms and latrines, as well as desks. In addition, the government facilitated awareness campaigns related to human trafficking and trained 17 local committees focusing on child labor and other issues related to violence against women and children. However, children in Tanzania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in mining, quarrying, and domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Mainland government did not publicly release information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Other gaps remain in the legal framework and enforcement of laws related to child labor, including protections for the use of children in illicit activities and domestic work and the likely insufficient number of labor inspectors for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. - - - Cloves - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Nile Perch (fish) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sisal - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tanzanite (gems) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.293 - 3573467 - 0.941 - 0.01 - 0.049 - - - 5-14 - 0.743 - - - 7-14 - 0.246 - - - 0.687 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - N/A - No - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - 14 - No - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - 15 - No - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - N/A - No - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - N/A - No - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - N/A - No - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - 13 - No - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - 13 - No - No - - - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 10353 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 25 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 447 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 447 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 0 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 0 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 0 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Unknown - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 1 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 0 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 0 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Unknown - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Unknown - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Unknown - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Unknown - - - - - - - Ensure that minimum age protections apply to all children, including those engaged in domestic work. - - - Expand the list of hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children to ensure that the list includes weeding and processing in the production of tobacco, cloves, coffee, sisal, and tea. - - - Criminalize the use of children in illicit activities, particularly in producing and trafficking drugs. - - - Criminalize the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law a compulsory age for education that is the same or higher than the minimum age for work. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. - - - Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and refresher courses. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Ensure the appointment of a dedicated labor officer for each region and publish this information. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Provide sufficient funding to ensure adequate enforcement of labor laws. - - - Ensure that the child labor complaint mechanism has sufficient resources to carry out operations. - - - Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcement investigators, including by training new investigators. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, including trainings, number of investigations, and imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating committees are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that the National Anti-Trafficking Committee and other coordinating bodies have sufficient resources to accomplish their mandates. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Strategy on Elimination of Child Labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - Eliminate provisions in the Primary School Leaving Examination that are barriers to education, such as the no re-take policy. - - - Incorporate child labor prevention and elimination strategies and ensure the full implementation of the Zanzibar Education Policy to limit dropouts. - - - - - Ensure educational access for girls removed from school during pregnancy. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible to all children in Tanzania by ensuring adequate resources for children with disabilities and learning disorders, increasing resources for teachers, classrooms, food, and sanitation facilities, while defraying informal costs imposed on families, including school uniforms, books, and other learning materials. - - - End legal restrictions that limit the sharing of information related to child labor. - - - Improve harmonization of child labor prevention and elimination measures into the Social Action Fund Conditional Cash Transfer Program to increase its effectiveness in preventing and eliminating child labor. - - - Integrate programs that include the agricultural, construction, domestic service, fishing, and informal sectors to address children engaged in child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - WEKEZA: Wezesha Ustawi, Endeleza Kiwango cha Elimu Kuzia Ajira kwa Watoto/ INVEST: Supporting Livelihoods and Developing Quality Education to Stop Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/wekeza-wezesha-ustawi-endeleza-kiwango-cha-elimu-kuzia-ajira-kwa-watoto-invest - - - Tanzania Education Alternatives for Children (TEACH) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TEACH_closed_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Tanzania - Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Education Component of the Timebound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TBP_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Tanzania - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-worst-forms-child-labor-tanzania - - - - - Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/thailand - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Thailand made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Government of Thailand approved the third National Policy and Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor Phase III (2021–2022), which included the Ministry of Labor signing a memorandum of understanding with 13 business associations to prevent child and forced labor in the shrimp, fishing, sugarcane, and garment industries. The government also published statistics on the number of investigations conducted, violations found, and convictions secured for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. Moreover, the Ministry of Education implemented a program in cooperation with the Ministry of Labor, the Office of the Ombudsman, and other related government agencies to provide education on labor rights, assist with vocational training, and share job vacancies to 1,127 student trainees. However, children in Thailand are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children, some as young as age 12, also participate for remuneration in Muay Thai competitions, an area of hazardous work in which there is evidence of serious head injuries. Thailand does not meet the international standard for the minimum age for work because the law does not grant protections to children working outside of formal employment relationships. Lastly, child labor law enforcement remains a challenge due to an insufficient number of inspectors and resources to physically inspect remote workplaces. - - - Fish - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Shrimp - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.13 - 1302267 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.963 - - - 7-14 - 0.144 - - - 0.951 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 1006683 - 1889 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 22890 - 22890 - 31 - 13 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 39 - Unknown - 30 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to children working outside of employment relationships. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to match the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including paid participation in Muay Thai, in which there is evidence that children are exposed to physical dangers. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Collect and publish comprehensive data on the number of investigations conducted, violations found, convictions, and penalties that are imposed and collected for all crimes related to child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure provincial government and court officials are provided adequate training on human trafficking issues—specifically in cases of male children in commercial sexual exploitation—to afford boys the same protections and victim assistance as girls. - - - Ensure law enforcement officials report all human trafficking incidences. - - - Ensure labor inspectors are provided training and resources necessary to conduct inspections at remote informal sector workplaces, including in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Ensure Port-In-Port-Out centers are able to carry out their mandate, including by improving training and inspection capacity, and that the Work in Fishing Convention No. 188 and the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention (P29) are enforced so that victims of trafficking in persons on fishing vessels can be effectively identified. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken by coordination bodies, including the National and Provincial Committees on Child Protection. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor, including the National Strategic Plan (2018–2037). - - - - - Improve access to education, especially for ethnic minority and migrant children, including by clarifying to school officials, either under the Ministry of Education or local governments, the necessary documents non-Thai students need to submit for enrollment, raising awareness of migrant children's right to education, and addressing language barriers for non-Thai speaking students, including on public school applications, and ensure Migrant Learning Centers are accredited. Ensure that there are sufficient social programs to assist children from vulnerable groups, such as LGBTQI+ children, who face additional barriers to education that may increase their risk of dropping out of school and engaging in child labor. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key programs related to child labor, including the Government Welfare Protection Centers for Victims of Trafficking. - - - Conduct research and data prevalence surveys to ensure that there are sufficient social programs to address child labor in the agriculture, garment manufacturing, domestic work, and construction sectors. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient social programs to assist children from vulnerable groups, such as migrant children, who are at high risk of the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- -addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean - - - Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Fair Fish: Fostering Accountability in Recruitment for Fishery Workers - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/fair-fish-fostering-accountability-recruitment-fishery-workers - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Shrimp and Seafood Processing Areas in Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labour-shrimp-and-seafood-processing-areas-thailand - - - Support for National Action to Combat Child Labor and its Worst Forms in Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_CECL%26Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Thailand Sex Trafficking Task Force: Prevention and Placement - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_TraffickingTaskForce_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - The North and Northeast Program to Prevent Child Labor and Forced Child Prostitution, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_Trafficking_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Timor-Leste - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/timor-leste - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Timor-Leste made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established the Commission to Combat Trafficking in Persons and convicted two perpetrators of child sex trafficking, its second and third convictions under the 2017 Law on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Persons. However, despite recent efforts to address child labor, Timor-Leste is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. While no law or policy prohibits pregnant girls from attending school, reports continued of orders from school principals that forced girls to leave school when they became pregnant, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Timor-Leste are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in street vending and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. In addition, while Timor-Leste law provides for criminal penalties for the worst forms of child labor, there is a lack of authorization for labor inspection agencies to inspect or enforce labor standards in the informal agriculture and commercial sectors. - - - - 5-14 - 0.123 - 40337 - 0.369 - 0.073 - 0.558 - - - 5-14 - 0.837 - - - 7-14 - 0.124 - - - 1.052 - - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - No - 17 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 478000 - 26 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 1612 - 1612 - 0 - N/A - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 1 - 2 - No - No - No - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law protects children between the ages of 17 and 18 from engagement in all the worst forms of child labor, such as illicit activities, hazardous work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that children receive adequate training specific to the type of work they are undertaking, and ensure that their health, safety, and morals are protected in accordance with international minimum age standards for hazardous work. - - - Raise the minimum age for hazardous work to 18 to meet international standards. - - - Ensure that the List of Hazardous Occupations and Activities Prohibited for Children is harmonized with the Labor Code and Penal Code. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken. - - - Finalize the implementation regulations and guidance on the 2017 Law on Preventing and Combating Human Trafficking. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that the IGT is staffed with the appropriate number of labor inspectors to conduct the targeted number of labor inspections. - - - Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient training related to the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking victim assistance. - - - Ensure that the Administration of the Labor Inspectorate General has the legal authority to conduct inspections in the informal sector, including on family farms and domestic work. - - - Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to carry out inspections and investigations, especially in rural areas of Timor-Leste, including funding for vehicles and fuel. - - - Ensure that the Vulnerable Persons Unit receives funding to carry out investigations. - - - Finalize and disseminate standard operating procedures related to human trafficking victim identification. - - - Ensure that criminal and civil cases are tried in a timely manner, including the 2018 case against the Liquica District Administrator, and that cases of human trafficking are properly classified. - - - Collect, disaggregate, and publish criminal law enforcement data related to human trafficking. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - Adopt the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. - - - Finalize and adopt the National Action Plan on Combating Human Trafficking. - - - - - Create a centralized database to capture human trafficking data that is accessible to all relevant government stakeholders. - - - Improve access to education by eliminating school related fees, making schools accessible for children with disabilities, and providing safe and healthy sanitation facilities, especially for girls. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Education draft policy encouraging female students to return to school after giving birth is approved, and that a policy providing education for girls during their pregnancy is drafted. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement Mother’s Purse (Bolsa da Mãe) and Casa Vida social programs during the reporting period. - - - Institute programs to address child labor and the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - - - Togo - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/togo - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Togo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government created a new National Commission Against Trafficking in Persons and passed a new Labor Code that strengthened enforcement mechanisms. In addition, the government waived school fees for the 2021–2022 school year for all secondary school students due to the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, children in Togo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. The government has not devoted sufficient resources to address child labor, and in 2021, the budget for the labor inspectorate declined by nearly 40 percent. In addition, the government does not publish data related to its criminal enforcement efforts with regard to laws on the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.296 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.861 - - - 7-14 - 0.295 - - - 0.884 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 39061 - 123 - Yes - No - N/A - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that written law prohibits children from performing all types of hazardous labor. - - - Establish by law free basic education, including lower secondary education. - - - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have the time and financial resources to carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring of labor laws. - - - Conduct labor inspections in the informal sector as well as private homes and farms, in which children work in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Publish data on labor law enforcement efforts, including the numbers of labor inspections conducted, inspections conducted at worksites, child labor violations found, penalties imposed, penalties collected, or the targeting of routine inspections. - - - Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive training, including training for new officials, refresher courses, and training on new laws. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient financial and physical resources to adequately enforce criminal laws against child labor. - - - Enforce legal penalties for criminal violations, such as child trafficking. - - - Ensure that court system processes for addressing child trafficking are timely so as not to deter victims from reporting. - - - Ensure effective coordination between the criminal justice system and social services to allow survivors to receive adequate support during judicial proceedings. - - - - - Ensure federated bodies are active and report on their activities. - - - Ensure that the National Committee for the Reception and Social Reintegration of Child Victims of Trafficking receives adequate funding. - - - - - Fully implement any agreement signed to protect child trafficking. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Sector Plan. - - - - - Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; ensuring that schools are free from sexual and physical violence; and increasing the number of schools; and improving school infrastructure and transportation, especially in rural areas. - - - Ensure that social protection programs to address child labor receive adequate funding and are sufficient to address the scope of the problem in all relevant sectors. - - - Ensure that social programs specifically target child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and agriculture in addition to alleviating poverty and promoting education. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor in Togo Through Education (TBP Preparatory Project) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Togo_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking in Togo Through Education (COMBAT) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Togo_COMBAT_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Tokelau - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tokelau - Indo-Pacific - No - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Tokelau, in 2021, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor, as the law does not criminally prohibit forced labor and child trafficking. In addition, Tokelau has not established a minimum age for work and does not prohibit hazardous occupations for children. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.095 - - - - Not Applicable - Not Applicable - Not Applicable - Not Applicable - Not Applicable - Not Applicable - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Establish a minimum age for work that meets international standards and conforms to the compulsory education age. - - - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Establish laws that criminally prohibit forced labor, including slavery. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit the trafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require the use of force to be established for the crime of trafficking. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy and that data on these activities are published during the reporting period. - - - - - Establish a reliable transportation program to ensure that children are able to attend school. - - - - - NA - Yes - NA - + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Yemen + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Yemen_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + - - Tonga - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tonga - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Tonga made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Tonga and the Government of New Zealand launched a new joint education project outlining a 15-year policy framework for Tonga's education system. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Tonga is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Research indicates that there are no labor inspectors and there is no legal authority to conduct labor inspections. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Tonga are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in farming and fishing. Gaps in the legal framework also remain; the country has no laws specifying a minimum age for work or defining hazardous forms of work for children under age 18, leaving children unprotected from labor exploitation. In addition, the government did not provide information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. - - - - 5-14 - 0.468 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.946 - - - 7-14 - 0.478 - - - 1.084 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 0 - 0 - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - Yes - No - No - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol. - - - Implement labor regulations that include a minimum age of 15 for employment and a minimum age of 18 for hazardous work, in accordance with international standards. - - - Create and publish a list of hazardous occupations and activities that are prohibited for children. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits forced labor, including debt bondage and slavery. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation for both girls and boys under age 18. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Hire and train labor inspectors to conduct workplace inspections and enforce child labor laws. - - - Establish and fund a labor inspectorate with the authority to conduct labor inspections, including routine inspections rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received, and assess penalties for child labor violations. - - - Provide labor authorities and criminal investigators with the training and resources necessary to enforce laws prohibiting child labor, including laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and conduct refresher courses. - - - Establish formal referral mechanisms among the labor authorities, the police, and social welfare services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement activities, efforts, and relevant data. - - - - - Establish a coordinating mechanism to address the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including its worst forms, to inform policies and programs. - - - Update all school buildings to ensure accessibility for students with disabilities. - - - Implement social programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, agriculture, and fishing. - - - - - Yes - Yes - No - - - - Tunisia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tunisia - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Tunisia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In July 2021, the Tunisian parliament passed the Domestic Workers Bill, prohibiting the employment of children in domestic work. In April 2021, the Second Chance program, which reintegrates school dropouts ages 12 to 18 back into the educational system or provides them with vocational training, opened a new location. Additionally, in November 2021, a new emergency shelter for children in Tunis was created, along with five other shelters across the country dedicated to the needs of children. However, children in Tunisia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in scavenging through garbage and in street work. Government officials have noted that the budget for staffing and logistics, such as fuel and transportation, is inadequate to carry out inspections, especially in remote areas of the country. Additionally, the government was unable to provide complete data on its enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report, due to records management challenges and delays in the digitization of court records. - - - - 5-14 - 0.03 - 50364 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.942 - - - 7-14 - 0.028 - - - 0.951 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 6139671 - 328 - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - 143 - 143 - 63 - 4 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 147 - Unknown - 3 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Provide adequate staff and other resources, including fuel and transportation, to enable the labor inspectorate to conduct a greater number of inspections, particularly in remote areas and in the informal economy. - - - Collect and publish information related to the enforcement of child labor laws, including the training of labor inspectors, the number and types of labor inspections conducted, the penalties imposed, and penalties collected. - - - Collect and publish information on criminal law enforcement of child labor laws, including on law enforcement training and the number of criminal child labor investigations that were initiated, violations identified, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase penalties for those who employ children in violation of child labor law protections to deter potential violations and reduce recidivism. - - - Ensure that law enforcement and the judiciary are fully informed as to the existence and application of anti-human trafficking penalties, and impose when appropriate. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Publish the microdata of the 2017 National Child Labor Survey so that the information can inform programming and policies. - - - Address barriers to education, especially for children in rural areas, such as unreliable transportation, and physical violence in schools. - - - Expand existing programs to fully address the scope of the child labor problem, including in agriculture, fishing, commerce, manufacturing, domestic work, and construction. - - - Establish long-term support and relocation options for victims of child labor and trafficking in persons. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - - - Turkey - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/turkey - Middle East and North Africa - - - Citrus Fruits - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cumin - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Furniture - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Hazelnuts - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Peanuts - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Pulses (legumes) - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugar Beets - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - Piloting the USDA Guidelines in the Hazelnut Supply Chain in Turkey - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/piloting-usda-guidelines-hazelnut-supply-chain-turkey-0 - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Turkey - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Turkey_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Turkey – Supporting the Timebound National Policy and Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Turkey - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Turkey_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Turkmenistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/turkmenistan - Indo-Pacific - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - Tuvalu - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tuvalu - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Tuvalu made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Tuvalu published the results from the Tuvalu Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019-2020, which provides the country's most recent and comprehensive data on child labor. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Tuvalu engage in child labor in fishing and domestic work. The government has not specified, by national law or regulation, the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Tuvalu lacks information on labor law and criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - 5-14 - 0.085 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.794 - - - 7-14 - 0.089 - - - 0.894 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 4 - No - No - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for all children in consultation with employers' and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery and practices similar to slavery or debt bondage and forced or compulsory labor. - - - Ensure that child trafficking laws criminalize the domestic trafficking of children. - - - Establish, by law, free basic public education. - - - - - Publish labor law enforcement information, including labor inspectorate funding, the ability to assess penalties, number of labor inspections conducted, number of labor inspections conducted at worksite, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, whether routine inspections were conducted, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. - - - Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and providing refresher courses. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial training for new criminal investigators, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, whether refresher courses were provided, number of investigations related to the worst forms of child labor, number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, and number of imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in the fishing sector, to inform policies and programs. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in the fishing sector. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Uganda - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uganda - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Uganda made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased its efforts to investigate, prosecute, and sentence government officials complicit in facilitating the worst forms of child labor. Uganda also reconstituted its National Steering Committee on the Elimination of Child Labor. In addition, the government approved a new national action plan to address child labor. However, children in Uganda are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. The lack of a centralized supervisory authority along with inadequate funding, training, and resources, hampered the capacity of law enforcement agencies to conduct child labor inspections and investigations. In addition, the law only guarantees free education through the primary level, which does not meet the international standard that free basic education through lower secondary school be guaranteed by law. - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Charcoal - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sand - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Stones - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Vanilla - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.222 - 2525644 - 0.949 - 0.018 - 0.033 - - - 5-14 - 0.851 - - - 7-14 - 0.259 - - - 0.527 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 13 - No - No - - - - 320000 - 173 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 542 - 542 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that only minors age 16 and older who have received adequate, specific instruction or vocational training are permitted to perform hazardous work, and that their health, safety, and morals are fully protected. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work. - - - - - Collect and publish disaggregated national-level information on the labor law enforcement efforts, including trainings offered to labor inspectors, number of investigations conducted, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor penalties imposed, and number of penalties collected. - - - Ensure that the inspectorate is using its existing authorities to inspect private farms and homes and to conduct sufficient routine and unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector. - - - Enhance the effectiveness of the inspectorate to enforce labor laws, including by establishing a mechanism to assess child labor violation penalties. - - - Provide sufficient training to labor inspectors, initial training to new criminal investigators, and refresher training to existing investigators, to ensure that officials understand and are able to identify, categorize, and investigate child labor cases. - - - Provide the labor inspectorate with sufficient funding and resources at the district level to ensure that inspectors are present in all districts and are able to carry out their duties. - - - Improve coordination between national and district-level child labor enforcement bodies to ensure that relevant data are shared, and child labor inspections are prioritized across the country. - - - Ensure that child labor cases reach the Industrial Court and that penalties are assessed by addressing monitoring issues and improving the court's reach outside urban centers. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Publish disaggregated data on number of investigations, violations, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Continue and increase efforts to ensure that public officials who facilitate or participate in human trafficking or the worst forms of child labor are held accountable, including officials who have ties with labor recruitment companies. - - - Strengthen mechanisms for following up on child labor claims and referring street children, including potential human trafficking victims, to social services providers, and prevent these children from being detained and abused by police. - - - Increase the capacity of criminal law enforcement agencies to respond to the worst forms of child labor by dedicating more personnel to worst forms of child labor cases and improving training for criminal law enforcement staff. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating mechanisms are fully functional and able to carry out their mandates. - - - - - Ensure that district labor action plans reflect the Ministry of Gender, Labor, and Social Development's priorities. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Multisectoral Coordination Framework for Adolescent Girls and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by defraying informal costs borne by families, including supplies, uniforms, and materials; addressing physical and sexual violence; and ensuring sufficient teachers, infrastructure, and transportation in rural areas. - - - Enhance efforts to ensure that refugee children have equal access to educational opportunities by addressing gender-based violence and exploitation, harassment, and refugee discrimination; accommodating the language needs of refugee students; and ensuring that there are well-equipped schools accessible to refugee settlements. - - - Ensure the availability of shelters for victims of child labor, including child trafficking victims. - - - Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in mining and commercial sexual exploitation, in all areas of the country. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period and make information about implementation measures publicly available. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Catalyzing Civil Society to Accelerate Progress Against Child Labor (Catalyst) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/catalyzing-civil-society- -accelerate-progress-against-child-labor-catalyst - - - African Youth Empowerment and Development Initiative (AYEDI) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/african-youth-empowerment-and-development-initiative-ayedi-0 - - - Project of Support for the Preparatory Phase of the Uganda National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_TBP_Prep_0.pdf - - - Livelihoods, Education and Protection to End Child Labor in Uganda (L.E.A.P.) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_LEAP_0.pdf - - - Opportunities for Reducing Adolescent and Child Labor through Education (O.R.A.C.L.E.) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_ORACLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Uganda - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - SIMPOC: National Survey - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/simpoc-national-survey-0 - - - Combating and Preventing HIV/AIDS-Induced Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa: Pilot Action in Uganda and Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_HIVAIDS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Ukraine - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ukraine - Europe and Eurasia - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Ukraine made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted Law No. 1256-IX, which strengthened Ukraine's child protection framework by criminalizing the sexual exploitation of children in accordance with the Council of Europe's Lanzarote Convention. The Office of the Prosecutor General issued Order No. 224 to ensure all Ukrainian government bodies responsible for investigating crimes against children are fully observing the laws and regulations aimed at protecting minors. Additionally, the Ministry of Social Policy collaborated with UNICEF to develop a National Strategy for Children's Rights. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Ukraine is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to uphold Act No. 877-V of 2007, which both restricts labor inspectors' ability to conduct regular workplace visits and places limits on the time, scope, and duration of worksite inspections. Furthermore, in 2021, the National Police opened criminal investigations against 72 children for participation in Russia-led military formations in the so-called "Donetsk People’s Republic" and "Luhansk People’s Republic," as well as one child in the Russia-led forces in Crimea; it transferred 47 of these cases to courts for prosecution. Children in Ukraine are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of pornography. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. The government collected few of the financial penalties imposed for child labor violations and lacked social programs designed to assist children engaged in hazardous work in mining. In addition, it remains unclear how Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 will affect the child labor situation throughout the country. - - - Amber - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coal - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.097 - 385204 - 0.97 - 0.005 - 0.025 - - - 5-14 - 0.972 - - - 7-14 - 0.12 - - - 1.026 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - $16.9 million - 772 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 16008 - 16008 - 127 - 127 - 13 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 1265 - 802 - 802 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Prohibit all children under age 16 from working in hazardous occupations during vocational training. - - - Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution, and the use, procuring, or offering of children in pornographic performances. - - - Strengthen the labor inspection system by removing restrictions on labor inspectors' authority to conduct unannounced onsite inspections, both proactively and in response to complaints. - - - - - Authorize the State Labor Service to enforce collection of delinquent penalties to ensure that all penalties imposed are collected. - - - Ensure that all labor inspectors, including those working outside the capital, receive training on child trafficking. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors employed by regional governments receive adequate training that is consistent with that provided to labor inspectors employed by the State Labor Service. - - - Increase funding for the State Labor Service to ensure that the labor inspectorate has adequate capacity to address the scope of the child labor problem. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement information. - - - Hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. Ensure that former child soldiers are not penalized for crimes they were forced to commit. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to address all worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including hazardous child labor in mining. - - - Implement all policies addressing child labor, including the National Action Plan for Implementation of UN CRC and the Resolution on the Social Protection of Children and Urgent Measures to Protect the Rights of the Child. - - - - - Conduct research to gather comprehensive data on child labor, including the activities carried out by children working in mining, farming, raising animals, and construction, to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that refugee children are allowed to receive services at state-run children's shelters and can be registered at birth. - - - Establish a procedure to implement the law empowering any civil registry office to issue a Ukrainian birth registration on the basis of a birth certificate issued in the areas of Donetsk and Luhansk. - - - Develop programs to ensure that Roma children are registered at birth and are able to access education. - - - Allocate resources and trained personnel to assist with child victims of illegal labor in business, seasonal agriculture work, construction, and commercial sexual exploitation in all state-run facilities that serve children in need. - - - Expand educational opportunities for children without Internet access and those with special needs. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient resources for the Centers for Social Services for Family, Youth, and Children to assist child victims of human trafficking. - - - Implement social programs to assist children subjected to all forms of child labor, including mining. - - - Institute a rehabilitation and reintegration program for children engaged in armed conflict. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Uzbekistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uzbekistan - Indo-Pacific - No - Significant Advancement - In 2021, Uzbekistan made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed legislation which amended their law on commercial sexual exploitation of children to bring it into full compliance with international standards. The government amended the Code of Administrative Liability and the Criminal Code to increase punishments for forced labor and child labor, including its worst forms, and to create criminal liability for individuals who commit child labor violations. The government also undertook a survey to assess allegations of child labor in the silk industry and signed a new Decent Work Country Program for 2021–2025. Additionally, the government continued to raise awareness and enforce prohibitions against the use of child labor and forced labor in the cotton harvest. Research indicates that the use of forced labor in the cotton harvest has been eliminated outside of isolated incidents, largely as a result of government efforts to implement and enforce forced labor prohibitions. However, children in Uzbekistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture and public works. While the Government of Uzbekistan has made strong progress in addressing labor issues in the cotton harvest, there continue to be impediments to the operation of NGOs in addressing broader labor concerns. Human rights NGOs and civil society organizations, including those working on forced and child labor issues, are frequently denied official registration for bureaucratic reasons, sometimes for failing to meet registration requirements that had not been publicly specified. - - - Silk Cocoons - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.043 - 244095 - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.841 - - - 7-14 - 0.05 - - - 1.06 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 150000 - 344 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 27471 - Unknown - 6 - 4 - 4 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 9 - 13 - 9 - 9 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which children who have not yet completed their compulsory schooling may work. - - - - - Continue to increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Share detailed information on whether labor inspections are taking place at work sites and target inspections to high-risk sectors. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors conduct self-initiated unannounced inspections in all sectors, including at private enterprises, even if no complaint has been filed. - - - Thoroughly investigate all potential criminal cases involving the worst forms of child labor and, when sufficient evidence exists, refer violations for criminal prosecution. - - - Remove barriers to investigating and prosecuting officials who may be complicit in child labor violations. - - - - - Ensure that the Local Commissions to Combat Trafficking in Persons meet and carry out their mandates to ensure timely and rigorous implementation of all laws and regulations, including those issued by the National Commission, related to sex trafficking and forced labor. - - - Designate standard mechanisms for communication between external stakeholders and national coordinating bodies to facilitate coordination of efforts to address forced labor and sex trafficking. - - - Remove obstacles to the registration of NGOs monitoring child labor, forced labor, and other labor rights issues, including making all registration requirements public, and penalize officials who harass, intimidate, or abuse labor rights activists. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement local policies to protect cotton pickers and the Strategy for the Development of Agriculture in the Republic of Uzbekistan and publish information on activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure educational access for children who do not speak Uzbek or Russian. - - - Ensure that schools do not charge informal fees to students or their families. - - - Expand programs to address the worst forms of child labor in sectors other than cotton harvesting. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - Support for the Implementation of the Decent Work Country Programme in Uzbekistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/support-implementation-decent-work-country-programme-uzbekistan - - - - - Vanuatu - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/vanuatu - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, Vanuatu made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government created the National Steering Committee on Migrant Protection, which serves to enhance the ability of the government to identify and respond to cases of trafficking in persons, including child labor trafficking, and the Ministry of Education and Training released the Vanuatu Education and Training Sector Strategic Plan (2021–2030), which outlines policies and strategies to improve access to education for all children in the country. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Vanuatu are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced domestic work. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in forestry and logging activities. Vanuatu’s minimum age for hazardous work is below that of international standards. Vanuatu also lacks a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services providers. Significant commitment to eradicate child labor is still required, especially with funding and interagency coordination procedures. In addition, the Government of Vanuatu did not respond to requests for information for this report. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.942 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18. - - - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children after consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. - - - Ensure that the law protects children ages 12 and 13 employed in light agricultural work by specifying the activities and hours per week that are allowed. - - - Ensure that the law specifically prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminalizes the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law provision of free basic public education. - - - Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for work. - - - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of labor inspectors, labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. - - - Ensure that the number of labor inspectors meets the ILO's technical advice. - - - Train labor inspectors and criminal investigators on human anti-trafficking and enforcement of child labor laws, and make the results of these efforts public. - - - Publish information on the number of criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions made, and penalties imposed. - - - Strengthen coordination and sufficiently fund referral mechanisms between the Department of Labor, the Vanuatu Police Force, the Vanuatu Tourism office, and social welfare services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Ensure that the Child Desk has adequate financial and human resources to develop and integrate national planning initiatives for child protection policies. - - - Ensure that all complaints of child labor are investigated, regardless of who lodges the complaint. - - - - - Establish interagency protocols and a referral and coordination mechanism between Kastom and government child protection services. - - - Ensure that the National Child Protection Working Group is funded and active and can carry out its intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure that all policies are allocated funding and implemented as intended to address all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Ensure that social services providers are registered and follow a standard set of procedures in providing care to vulnerable children. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in forestry and logging. - - - Increase access to education for all children, including access by remote students, facilities to accommodate all children, improved infrastructure, adequate programs, and expanded teacher training. - - - Ensure that the Education School Fee Grant is sufficiently funded and contains child labor elimination policies or efforts. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Venezuela - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/venezuela - Latin America and the Caribbean - - - Gold - No - Yes - No - No - No - - - - - Vietnam - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/vietnam - Indo-Pacific - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cashews - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Furniture - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - - - Leather - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Pepper - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Textiles - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Timber - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - ALFA: Addressing Labor Exploitation in Fishing in ASEAN - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/alfa- -addressing-labor-exploitation-fishing-asean - - - Technical Support for Enhancing National Capacity to Prevent and Reduce Child Labour in Vietnam - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/technical-support-enhancing-national-capacity-prevent-and-reduce-child-labour-0 - - - Vietnam Country Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Vietnam_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Wallis and Futuna - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/wallis-and-futuna - Europe and Eurasia - No - No Assessment - For the 2021 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Wallis and Futuna’s efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the country has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - Unknown - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - NA - NA - NA - + + Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/zambia + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2022, Zambia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government updated its Trafficking In Persons Act, removing the requirement that force, fraud, and other forms of coercion be demonstrated to establish a child trafficking crime, andlaunched the National Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants and the National Migrant Policy, which include strategies to protect Zambian and migrant children from human trafficking and labor exploitation. In addition, the government recruited 30,000 new teachers, deploying them to rural areas where vulnerabilities to child labor are the highest. However, children in Zambia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in agriculture. The Education Act does not specify a compulsory education age. In addition, labor inspectors do not routinely inspect non-registered businesses in which child labor is known to occur. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Gems + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.078 + 400423 + 0.946 + 0.011 + 0.043 + + + 5-14 + 0.746 + + + 7-14 + 0.071 + + + 0.8 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 19 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + + 130000 + 149 + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + 1 + 1 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Establish through statutory instrument the age of 15 as the "school-going age" for compulsory education, to align with the minimum age for work. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child + Prostitution and Child Pornography and the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Determine the list of light work activities permitted for children ages 13 to 15. + + + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including training of new investigators, the number of convictions, and whether penalties were imposed. + + + Develop and implement consistent procedures to screen and identify human trafficking victims while increasing fiscal and human resources for criminal law enforcement agencies working to address human trafficking of children. + + + Increase planned inspections in unregistered businesses, including artisanal mining sites, farms, and private homes, to ensure monitoring of all sectors in which children are working. + + + Increase fiscal and material resources, including vehicles and fuel, office space, and training, for the labor inspectorate to enforce labor laws throughout the country. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of worksite inspections, the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. + + + + + Improve lines of communication and clarify + responsibilities among agencies to improve effectiveness and referrals to + social services. + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies, including District-Level Child Labor + Committees, are active and able to coordinate child labor prevention activities at the local level. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention + strategies into the Education Policy and the National Employment and Labor Market Policy. + + + + + Address barriers to education by increasing schools in rural areas, increasing number of teachers and classrooms, defraying auxiliary education cost, and providing targeted support for the girls who enter into early marriage to continue education. + + + Expand existing programs to address the full scope + of the child labor problem in all relevant sectors, including agriculture, + mining, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Harmonize child labor prevention and elimination measures and improve financial tracking in the Social Cash Transfer Program. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Audits of Selected USDOL-Funded IPEC Projects-Round V + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_IPEC_FY07_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations + + + Combating and Preventing HIV/AIDS-Induced Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa: Pilot Action in Uganda and Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_HIVAIDS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Increasing Economic and Social Empowerment for Adolescent Girls and Vulnerable Women in Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/empower-increasing-economic-and-social-empowerment-adolescent-girls-and-vulnerable + + + Support to Development and Implementation of Time Bound Measures Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Zambia - Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CECL_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + The Best Choice Campaign + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_BESTCHOICE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Zambia - Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CECL_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Reporting on the State of the Nation's Working Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + - - West Bank and the Gaza Strip - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/west-bank-and-gaza-strip - Middle East and North Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2021, the Palestinian Authority made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor in the areas of the West Bank under its control. The Ministry of Labor detected 51 cases of child labor and imposed 19 penalties. However, children in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including use in illicit activities. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction and fishing. The Palestinian Authority’s legal framework does not criminally prohibit all elements of child trafficking. In addition, Palestinian Authority programs to prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.016 - - - - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 79 - Yes - No - N/A - No - 11226 - 11226 - 51 - 19 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits child trafficking, including both domestic and international human trafficking, in accordance with international standards. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, excepting only those working in family and small-scale holdings producing for local consumption and not regularly employing hired workers. - - - Establish laws that criminally prohibit forced labor. - - - Ensure that the use, procurement, and offering of children for all forms of commercial sexual exploitation are criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that child labor laws are enforced in the Gaza Strip. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding and the number of violations for which penalties were collected. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - Provide further resources and staff to the Ministry of Labor to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive initial and refresher training. - - - - - Ensure that the Child Protection Network is active and able to carry out its intended mandates. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Policy Agenda and ensure that it is implemented. - - - - - Expand programs to improve access to education; for example, ensure that children are not subjected to violence, schools are weatherproof, and delays at checkpoints do not prevent children from attending school. - - - Expand programs to further address child labor, specifically in construction, street work, illicit activities, and agriculture. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Western Sahara - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/western-sahara - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Morocco made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Kingdom of Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the area that it controls with the same constitution, laws, and structures as in internationally recognized Morocco, including laws that deal with child labor. During the reporting period, the government increased the number of labor inspectors by over 43 percent and launched a new labor inspectorate information technology management system that enabled remote training sessions for inspectors in compliance with COVID-19 pandemic countermeasures. In addition, the government signed eight partnership agreements with local non-governmental organizations in various regions of Morocco to counter the prevalence of child labor. However, children in Western Sahara are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. The law on minimum age for work does not meet international standards. Furthermore, the scope of government social programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - - Ensure that all children age 15 and under are protected by law, including children who work in artisan and handicraft sectors for family businesses. - - - Ensure that forced labor of children over age 15 is criminalized. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Ensure that key coordinating bodies related to the worst forms of child labor are active. - - - - - Not Applicable - - - - - Remove barriers to education, such as insufficient facilities, lack of reliable and safe transportation, and unqualified teachers, particularly in rural areas. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Conduct a comprehensive study of children's work activities to inform policies and practices to determine whether children are engaged in or at risk of becoming involved in child labor and determine the number of child laborers and their education levels. - - - - - No - No - No - + + Zimbabwe + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/zimbabwe + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2022, Zimbabwe made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government worked with NGOs to carry out research, coordination, and compliance investigations targeting the tea, tobacco, and other sectors where there is high prevalence of child labor. In addition, the government substantially expanded the Harmonized Social Cash Transfer Program and the Basic Education Assistance Module, which provide livelihood and educational assistance to families that have high vulnerability to child labor. However, Zimbabwe is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it implemented a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Evidenced by a pattern of threats and intimidation of worker organizations and trade unionists, high-level officials within the Government of Zimbabwe and the ruling political party interfered with a delegation representing worker and civil society organizations to investigate concerns of child labor occurring at a commercial farm, sending party activists to the farm to threaten and intimidate the delegation. Children in Zimbabwe are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in mines and on farms. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the harvesting of sugarcane and tobacco. The government did not publicly release information on its law enforcement activities for inclusion in this report, and law enforcement agencies lack resources to enforce child labor laws. + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.907 + + + 7-14 + 0.42 + + + 0.848 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unknown + 120 + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Yes + 10 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + + + + + Ensure + that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by + non-state armed groups. + + + Establish, by law, free basic education. + + + Ensure that laws + prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery. + + + + + Increase financial resources and the number of labor inspectors from 120 to 355 to ensure adequate coverage of the labor force of approximately 5.3 million people and to address labor violations and enforce minimum age protections in all sectors, including agriculture. + + + Establish a mechanism + to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. + + + Publish information on the government's labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + + + Ensure the National Steering Committee to Address the Worst Forms of Child Labor is able to coordinate on awareness raising activities and responses to identified child labor cases. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. + + + + + Improve access to secondary school by ensuring that all children are registered at birth and enabling children without access to identity documents, such as orphan children, migrants, and refugees, to take secondary school examinations. + + + Enhance efforts to make education accessible to all children, including children living in rural areas, by improving access to water and hygiene facilities within schools, reducing travel distances to schools, and increasing the number of teachers. + + + Expand existing social programs to address child labor, especially child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, and mining. + + + Improve systems for the distribution of social support benefits from the + Basic Education Assistance + Module program to ensure that allocations reach vulnerable households that are most in need of the benefits. + + + Cease the practice of interfering with civil society and worker organizations seeking to investigate and respond to issues of child labor, and hold government and party officials engaging in such practices accountable. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + - - Yemen - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/yemen - Middle East and North Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Yemen made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The International Labor Organization provided training to Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor employees. However, despite this initiative, Yemen is assessed as having made minimal advancement because it continued to implement practices that delay advancement to eliminate child labor. There is evidence of recruitment and use of children in hostilities by state armed forces in contravention of Yemeni law. Furthermore, the government failed to make efforts to address discrimination in schools against children from the Muhamasheen (“marginalized”) community, leading to their increased vulnerability to child labor. Children in Yemen are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and armed conflict, including by Houthi insurgent forces (also known as Ansar Allah) and other armed groups. Children also perform dangerous tasks in fishing. Research found no evidence of a government policy on worst forms of child labor outside of child soldiering, such as commercial sexual exploitation or child trafficking. Moreover, the Republic of Yemen Government continued to have limited operational control over its ministries and was unable to enforce regulations to address child labor. - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.136 - 834866 - 0.7 - 0.022 - 0.278 - - - 5-14 - 0.68 - - - 7-14 - 0.103 - - - 0.723 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that forced labor is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that trafficking of children, including recruitment, harboring, transportation, transfer, and receipt, for purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation, is criminalized. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law adequately prohibits using, procuring, or offering a child in pornography and pornographic performances, and using a child in prostitution. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Enforce laws prohibiting children under age 18 from joining the Yemeni Armed Forces, including by implementing adequate screening and age verification measures, and remove children under age 18 in the Yemeni Armed Forces and pro-government militias from engaging in combat. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has the capacity to enforce labor laws, including reestablishing a mechanism to receive child labor complaints. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Yemen meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have proper funding and training to conduct inspections. - - - Ensure that authorities enforce minimum age protections in all sectors in which the worst forms of child labor are prevalent, including in casual employment, farming, and domestic work. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies enforce child labor laws and publish information on enforcement activities. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation and child trafficking. - - - - - Expand programs to improve children’s equal access to education, particularly for child Muhamasheen. - - - Institute a rehabilitation and reintegration program for children engaged in armed conflict and children involved in other worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and fishing. - - - - - Yes - Yes - NA - - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Yemen - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Yemen_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/zambia - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2021, Zambia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government significantly increased the number of labor inspectors to 240, from 160 the previous year. The government also launched its second National Action Plan for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor, allocated funding to hire 22,000 schoolteachers, and collected updated data on the number of children in child labor and in hazardous work. However, children in Zambia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in agriculture. The Education Act does not specify a compulsory education age, and human trafficking laws do not meet international standards because they require threats, the use of force, or coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspectors do not routinely inspect non-registered businesses in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Gems - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Stones - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.281 - 992722 - 0.918 - 0.012 - 0.07 - - - 5-14 - 0.652 - - - 7-14 - 0.276 - - - 0.8 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 19 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - N/A - N/A - No - N/A - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - - 26000 - 240 - Yes - No - N/A - No - 1800 - 1800 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - 17 - 3 - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Determine the list of light work activities for children ages 13 to 15. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion for an act to be considered child trafficking. - - - Establish through statutory instrument the "school-going age" for compulsory education, in line with the minimum age for work. - - - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. - - - Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and providing refresher courses. - - - Ensure that inspections cover all areas in which children work, including registered and unregistered businesses. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient funding and have resources, including vehicles and fuel, office space, and training to enforce labor laws throughout the country. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including training of new investigators, the number of investigations and convictions, and whether penalties were imposed. - - - Develop and implement consistent procedures to screen and identify human trafficking victims while ensuring government agencies have sufficient human and financial resources to address human trafficking. - - - - - Improve lines of communication and clarify responsibilities among agencies to improve effectiveness and referrals to social services. - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their mandates. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Policy and the National Employment and Labor Market Policy. - - - - - Ensure that all children have access to education and are not restricted by long travel distances, auxiliary school costs, lack of classrooms and teachers, lack of birth certificates, or early marriage. - - - Harmonize child labor prevention and elimination measures and improve financial tracking in the Social Cash Transfer Program. - - - Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem in all relevant sectors, including agriculture, mining, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Audits of Selected USDOL-Funded IPEC Projects-Round V - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_IPEC_FY07_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating and Preventing HIV/AIDS-Induced Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa: Pilot Action in Uganda and Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_HIVAIDS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Increasing Economic and Social Empowerment for Adolescent Girls and Vulnerable Women in Zambia (EMPOWER) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/empower-increasing-economic-and-social-empowerment-adolescent-girls-and-vulnerable - - - Support to Development and Implementation of Time Bound Measures Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Zambia - Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CECL_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - The Best Choice Campaign - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_BESTCHOICE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Zambia (JCM) - Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CECL_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Reporting on the State of the Nation's Working Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Zimbabwe - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/zimbabwe - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2021, Zimbabwe made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Assembly began consideration of amendments to the Labor Act, which would increase penalties for child labor violations. The government, with the United Nations, also launched an updated Sustainable Development Cooperation Assistance Framework, prioritizing increased educational access and social protections for girls and other groups vulnerable to child labor. However, Zimbabwe is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it implemented a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Evidenced by a pattern of threats and intimidation of worker organizations and trade unionists, high-level officials within the Government of Zimbabwe and the ruling political party interfered with a delegation representing worker and civil society organizations to investigate concerns of child labor occurring at a commercial farm, sending party activists to the farm to threaten and intimidate the delegation. Children in Zimbabwe are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and forced labor in mines and on farms. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the harvesting of sugarcane and tobacco. The government did not publicly release information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report, and law enforcement agencies lack resources to enforce child labor laws. In addition, gaps remain in the country’s legal framework against child labor, including the prohibition of commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.404 - - Unavailable - Unavailable - Unavailable - - - 5-14 - 0.907 - - - 7-14 - 0.42 - - - 0.9 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - N/A - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - N/A - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish, by law, free basic education. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting forced labor criminalize slavery. - - - - - Establish a mechanism to assess civil penalties for child labor violations. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations and enforce minimum age protections in all sectors, including agriculture. - - - Publish information on the government's labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Publish information on the government's criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that all Child Protection Committees, including those in rural areas, have adequate resources to operate according to their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor and publish results from activities implemented during the reporting period. - - - - - Cease the practice of interfering with civil society and work organizations seeking to investigate and respond to issues of child labor, and hold government and party officials engaging in such practices accountable. - - - Improve access to secondary school by ensuring that all children are registered at birth and by removing identity documentation requirements to take national exams. - - - Enhance efforts to make education accessible to all children, including children living in rural areas, by improving access to water and hygiene facilities within schools, reducing travel distances to schools, and increasing the number of teachers. - - - Expand existing social programs to address child labor, especially child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, and mining. - - - Improve systems for the distribution of social support benefits to ensure that allocations reach vulnerable households that are most in need of the benefits. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml index ec410a4..b3536f8 100644 --- a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml +++ b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - Açaí Berries + Acai Agriculture @@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -24,8 +22,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -39,8 +35,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -54,8 +48,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -69,8 +61,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No El Salvador @@ -78,8 +68,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Pakistan @@ -87,8 +75,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -102,8 +88,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -117,8 +101,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Brazil @@ -126,8 +108,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ecuador @@ -135,8 +115,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nicaragua @@ -144,8 +122,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Philippines @@ -153,8 +129,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -168,28 +142,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Beans (green beans) - Agriculture - - - Mexico - Latin America and the Caribbean - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - - Beans (green, soy, yellow) + Beans Agriculture @@ -198,8 +155,13 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No + + + Mexico + Latin America and the Caribbean + Yes + No + No @@ -213,13 +175,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Bidis (hand-rolled cigarettes) + Bidis Manufacturing @@ -228,8 +188,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No India @@ -237,8 +195,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -252,8 +208,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -267,8 +221,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ecuador @@ -276,8 +228,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Eswatini @@ -285,8 +235,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ghana @@ -294,8 +242,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Pakistan @@ -303,8 +249,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -318,8 +262,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -333,8 +275,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Peru @@ -342,8 +282,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -357,8 +295,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Argentina @@ -366,8 +302,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Bangladesh @@ -375,8 +309,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Bolivia @@ -384,8 +316,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Brazil @@ -393,8 +323,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Burma @@ -402,8 +330,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Cambodia @@ -411,8 +337,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No China @@ -420,8 +344,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Ecuador @@ -429,8 +351,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Egypt @@ -438,8 +358,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No India @@ -447,8 +365,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Iran @@ -456,8 +372,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nepal @@ -465,8 +379,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No North Korea @@ -474,8 +386,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Pakistan @@ -483,8 +393,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Paraguay @@ -492,8 +400,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Peru @@ -501,8 +407,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Russia @@ -510,8 +414,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Uganda @@ -519,8 +421,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -528,13 +428,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Bricks (clay) + Bricks Manufacturing @@ -543,8 +441,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -558,8 +454,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -573,8 +467,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -588,8 +480,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No India @@ -597,8 +487,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Iran @@ -606,8 +494,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nepal @@ -615,8 +501,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Pakistan @@ -624,8 +508,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -639,8 +521,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -654,8 +534,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Guinea @@ -663,8 +541,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -672,8 +548,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -687,8 +561,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Brazil @@ -696,8 +568,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Chad @@ -705,8 +575,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Costa Rica @@ -714,8 +582,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No El Salvador @@ -723,8 +589,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ethiopia @@ -732,8 +596,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Kenya @@ -741,8 +603,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Lesotho @@ -750,8 +610,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mauritania @@ -759,8 +617,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mexico @@ -768,8 +624,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Niger @@ -777,8 +631,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Paraguay @@ -786,8 +638,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No South Sudan @@ -795,8 +645,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Uganda @@ -804,8 +652,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Zambia @@ -813,8 +659,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -828,8 +672,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -843,8 +685,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -858,8 +698,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -873,8 +711,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Uganda @@ -882,8 +718,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -897,8 +731,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No @@ -912,8 +744,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -927,8 +757,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Turkey @@ -936,8 +764,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -951,8 +777,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -966,8 +790,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No China @@ -975,8 +797,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Colombia @@ -984,8 +804,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mongolia @@ -993,8 +811,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No North Korea @@ -1002,8 +818,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Pakistan @@ -1011,8 +825,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Ukraine @@ -1020,28 +832,24 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Cobalt ore (heterogenite) + Cobalt ore Mining - Congo, Democratic Republic of the + Congo Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes No No - No - No - Coca (stimulant plant) + Coca Agriculture @@ -1050,8 +858,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Peru @@ -1059,8 +865,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1074,8 +878,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Cameroon @@ -1083,17 +885,13 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Côte d'Ivoire - Sub-Saharan Africa + Cote d'Ivoire + Yes Yes Yes - No - No Ghana @@ -1101,8 +899,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Guinea @@ -1110,8 +906,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nigeria @@ -1119,8 +913,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Sierra Leone @@ -1128,8 +920,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1143,8 +933,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1158,8 +946,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Colombia @@ -1167,8 +953,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Costa Rica @@ -1176,17 +960,13 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Côte d'Ivoire - Sub-Saharan Africa + Cote d'Ivoire + Yes Yes Yes - No - No Dominican Republic @@ -1194,8 +974,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No El Salvador @@ -1203,8 +981,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Guatemala @@ -1212,8 +988,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Guinea @@ -1221,8 +995,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Honduras @@ -1230,8 +1002,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Kenya @@ -1239,8 +1009,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mexico @@ -1248,8 +1016,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nicaragua @@ -1257,8 +1023,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Panama @@ -1266,8 +1030,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Sierra Leone @@ -1275,8 +1037,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Tanzania @@ -1284,8 +1044,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Uganda @@ -1293,8 +1051,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -1302,8 +1058,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1312,13 +1066,11 @@ Mining - Congo, Democratic Republic of the + Congo Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes No No - No - No @@ -1332,8 +1084,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Brazil @@ -1341,8 +1091,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Guatemala @@ -1350,8 +1098,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -1359,8 +1105,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Philippines @@ -1368,8 +1112,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1383,8 +1125,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Azerbaijan @@ -1392,8 +1132,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Benin @@ -1401,8 +1139,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Brazil @@ -1410,8 +1146,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Burkina Faso @@ -1419,8 +1153,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No China @@ -1428,8 +1160,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Egypt @@ -1437,8 +1167,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No India @@ -1446,8 +1174,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Kazakhstan @@ -1455,8 +1181,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Kyrgyz Republic @@ -1464,8 +1188,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mali @@ -1473,8 +1195,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Pakistan @@ -1482,8 +1202,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Tajikistan @@ -1491,8 +1209,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Turkey @@ -1500,8 +1216,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Turkmenistan @@ -1509,8 +1223,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Zambia @@ -1518,13 +1230,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Cottonseed (hybrid) + Cottonseed Agriculture @@ -1533,8 +1243,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -1548,8 +1256,6 @@ No No No - Yes - Indonesia @@ -1563,8 +1269,6 @@ No No No - Yes - Indonesia @@ -1578,8 +1282,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1593,8 +1295,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1608,8 +1308,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1623,8 +1321,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Central African Republic @@ -1632,17 +1328,13 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Congo, Democratic Republic of the + Congo Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes No No - No - No Guinea @@ -1650,8 +1342,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Liberia @@ -1659,8 +1349,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Sierra Leone @@ -1668,8 +1356,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -1683,8 +1369,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -1698,8 +1382,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1713,8 +1395,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Malaysia @@ -1722,8 +1402,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Pakistan @@ -1731,8 +1409,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1746,8 +1422,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Nepal @@ -1755,8 +1429,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -1770,8 +1442,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1785,8 +1455,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1800,8 +1468,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No El Salvador @@ -1809,8 +1475,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Guatemala @@ -1818,8 +1482,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No India @@ -1827,8 +1489,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Peru @@ -1836,8 +1496,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1851,8 +1509,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Cambodia @@ -1860,8 +1516,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No China @@ -1869,8 +1523,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Ghana @@ -1878,8 +1530,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Indonesia @@ -1887,8 +1537,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Kenya @@ -1896,8 +1544,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -1905,8 +1551,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Peru @@ -1914,8 +1558,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Philippines @@ -1923,8 +1565,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Taiwan @@ -1932,8 +1572,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Thailand @@ -1941,8 +1579,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Uganda @@ -1950,8 +1586,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -1959,8 +1593,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Yemen @@ -1968,8 +1600,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -1983,13 +1613,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Fluorspar (mineral) + Fluorspar Mining @@ -1998,8 +1626,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2013,8 +1639,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Brazil @@ -2022,8 +1646,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No China @@ -2031,8 +1653,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No India @@ -2040,8 +1660,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Turkey @@ -2049,8 +1667,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -2058,13 +1674,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Footwear (sandals) + Footwear Manufacturing @@ -2073,13 +1687,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Fruit (Pome and Stone) + Fruit Agriculture @@ -2088,8 +1700,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2103,8 +1713,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Turkey @@ -2112,8 +1720,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -2121,13 +1727,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Furniture (steel) + Furniture Manufacturing @@ -2136,8 +1740,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2151,8 +1753,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2166,8 +1766,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Bangladesh @@ -2175,8 +1773,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Brazil @@ -2184,8 +1780,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Burma @@ -2193,8 +1787,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No China @@ -2202,8 +1794,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No India @@ -2211,8 +1801,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Malaysia @@ -2220,8 +1808,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Mexico @@ -2229,8 +1815,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Pakistan @@ -2238,8 +1822,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Thailand @@ -2247,8 +1829,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Turkey @@ -2256,8 +1836,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -2265,8 +1843,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -2280,8 +1856,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Zambia @@ -2289,8 +1863,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2304,8 +1876,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2319,8 +1889,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Pakistan @@ -2328,8 +1896,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2343,8 +1909,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -2358,8 +1922,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -2367,8 +1929,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2382,8 +1942,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Burkina Faso @@ -2391,8 +1949,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Cameroon @@ -2400,8 +1956,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Colombia @@ -2409,17 +1963,13 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Congo, Democratic Republic of the + Congo Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes Yes - No - No Ecuador @@ -2427,8 +1977,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ethiopia @@ -2436,8 +1984,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ghana @@ -2445,8 +1991,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Guinea @@ -2454,8 +1998,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Indonesia @@ -2463,8 +2005,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Kenya @@ -2472,8 +2012,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mali @@ -2481,8 +2019,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mongolia @@ -2490,8 +2026,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nicaragua @@ -2499,8 +2033,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Niger @@ -2508,8 +2040,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nigeria @@ -2517,8 +2047,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No North Korea @@ -2526,8 +2054,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Peru @@ -2535,8 +2061,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Philippines @@ -2544,8 +2068,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Senegal @@ -2553,8 +2075,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Sudan @@ -2562,8 +2082,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Suriname @@ -2571,8 +2089,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Tanzania @@ -2580,8 +2096,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Uganda @@ -2589,8 +2103,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Venezuela @@ -2598,8 +2110,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Zimbabwe @@ -2607,8 +2117,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2622,8 +2130,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nigeria @@ -2631,8 +2137,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Sierra Leone @@ -2640,13 +2144,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Granite (crushed) + Granite Mining @@ -2655,8 +2157,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2670,8 +2170,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Colombia @@ -2679,13 +2177,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Gravel (crushed stones) + Gravel Mining @@ -2694,8 +2190,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nicaragua @@ -2703,8 +2197,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nigeria @@ -2712,13 +2204,11 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No - Gypsum (mineral) + Gypsum Mining @@ -2727,8 +2217,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2742,8 +2230,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -2757,8 +2243,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2772,8 +2256,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ecuador @@ -2781,8 +2263,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -2790,8 +2270,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Philippines @@ -2799,13 +2277,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Incense (agarbatti) + Incense Manufacturing @@ -2814,8 +2290,19 @@ Yes No No - No - No + + + + + Ingots + Manufacturing + + + China + Indo-Pacific + No + No + No @@ -2829,8 +2316,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -2844,13 +2329,11 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No - Jute (textiles) + Jute Manufacturing @@ -2859,13 +2342,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Khat (stimulant plant) + Khat Agriculture @@ -2874,13 +2355,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) + Khat/Miraa Agriculture @@ -2889,8 +2368,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2904,8 +2381,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Pakistan @@ -2913,8 +2388,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -2922,8 +2395,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2937,8 +2408,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mexico @@ -2946,8 +2415,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -2961,13 +2428,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Lithium-Ion Batteries + Lithium Manufacturing @@ -2976,8 +2441,6 @@ No No No - Yes - Congo, Democratic Republic of the @@ -2991,8 +2454,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3006,8 +2467,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3021,8 +2480,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Cambodia @@ -3030,8 +2487,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nigeria @@ -3039,8 +2494,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -3048,8 +2501,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3063,8 +2514,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No India @@ -3072,8 +2521,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3087,8 +2534,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3102,8 +2547,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mexico @@ -3111,8 +2554,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Panama @@ -3120,8 +2561,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -3129,8 +2568,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3144,8 +2581,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Madagascar @@ -3153,8 +2588,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3168,13 +2601,11 @@ No Yes No - No - No - Nile Perch (fish) + Nile Perch Agriculture @@ -3183,8 +2614,33 @@ Yes No No - No - No + + + + + Oil + Agriculture + + + Indonesia + Indo-Pacific + Yes + Yes + No + + + Malaysia + Indo-Pacific + Yes + Yes + No + + + Sierra Leone + Sub-Saharan Africa + Yes + No + No @@ -3198,8 +2654,6 @@ No No No - Yes - Indonesia @@ -3213,8 +2667,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3228,8 +2680,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -3237,41 +2687,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No - - - - - Palm Fruit - Agriculture - - - Indonesia - Indo-Pacific - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Malaysia - Indo-Pacific - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - - - Sierra Leone - Sub-Saharan Africa - Yes - No - No - No - No @@ -3285,8 +2700,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -3300,8 +2713,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Paraguay @@ -3309,8 +2720,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Turkey @@ -3318,8 +2727,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3333,8 +2740,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3348,38 +2753,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No - - - - - Photovoltaic Ingots - Manufacturing - - - China - Indo-Pacific - No - No - No - Yes - China - - - - - Photovoltaic Wafers - Manufacturing - - - China - Indo-Pacific - No - No - No - Yes - China @@ -3393,8 +2766,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3408,8 +2779,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -3423,8 +2792,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mexico @@ -3432,8 +2799,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3447,8 +2812,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mexico @@ -3456,8 +2819,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -3465,8 +2826,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Philippines @@ -3474,8 +2833,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Russia @@ -3483,8 +2840,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Thailand @@ -3492,8 +2847,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ukraine @@ -3501,8 +2854,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3516,8 +2867,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3531,8 +2880,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Brazil @@ -3540,8 +2887,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ecuador @@ -3549,8 +2894,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -3558,13 +2901,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Pulses (legumes) + Pulses Agriculture @@ -3573,8 +2914,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3588,8 +2927,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3603,8 +2940,6 @@ No No No - Yes - Indonesia @@ -3618,8 +2953,6 @@ No No No - Yes - Indonesia @@ -3633,8 +2966,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Burma @@ -3642,8 +2973,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Dominican Republic @@ -3651,8 +2980,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ecuador @@ -3660,8 +2987,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Ghana @@ -3669,8 +2994,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No India @@ -3678,8 +3001,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Kenya @@ -3687,8 +3008,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mali @@ -3696,8 +3015,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Pakistan @@ -3705,8 +3022,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Philippines @@ -3714,8 +3029,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Uganda @@ -3723,8 +3036,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -3732,8 +3043,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3747,8 +3056,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Cambodia @@ -3756,8 +3063,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Indonesia @@ -3765,8 +3070,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Liberia @@ -3774,8 +3077,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Philippines @@ -3783,8 +3084,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -3792,8 +3091,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3807,8 +3104,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -3822,8 +3117,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No @@ -3837,8 +3130,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Bangladesh @@ -3846,8 +3137,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Cambodia @@ -3855,8 +3144,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Niger @@ -3864,8 +3151,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3879,8 +3164,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nigeria @@ -3888,8 +3171,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Uganda @@ -3897,8 +3178,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3912,8 +3191,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No @@ -3927,8 +3204,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3942,8 +3217,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Paraguay @@ -3951,8 +3224,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3966,8 +3237,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -3975,8 +3244,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -3990,8 +3257,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nicaragua @@ -3999,8 +3264,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4014,8 +3277,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Burma @@ -4023,8 +3284,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Cambodia @@ -4032,8 +3291,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Thailand @@ -4041,8 +3298,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -4056,8 +3311,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -4071,8 +3324,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4086,8 +3337,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4101,8 +3350,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4116,8 +3363,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Kenya @@ -4125,8 +3370,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Tanzania @@ -4134,8 +3377,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4149,8 +3390,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4164,8 +3403,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4179,8 +3416,6 @@ No No No - Yes - China @@ -4194,8 +3429,6 @@ No No No - Yes - China @@ -4209,8 +3442,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Madagascar @@ -4218,8 +3449,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nepal @@ -4227,8 +3456,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Uganda @@ -4236,8 +3463,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Zambia @@ -4245,13 +3470,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Stones (limestone) + Stones Mining @@ -4260,32 +3483,20 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Paraguay + Nicaragua Latin America and the Caribbean Yes No No - No - No - - - - Stones (pumice) - Mining - - Nicaragua + Paraguay Latin America and the Caribbean Yes No No - No - No @@ -4299,8 +3510,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4314,8 +3523,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4329,8 +3536,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Bolivia @@ -4338,8 +3543,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Brazil @@ -4347,8 +3550,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Burma @@ -4356,8 +3557,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Cambodia @@ -4365,8 +3564,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Colombia @@ -4374,8 +3571,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Dominican Republic @@ -4383,8 +3578,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No El Salvador @@ -4392,8 +3585,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Guatemala @@ -4401,8 +3592,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No India @@ -4410,8 +3599,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Kenya @@ -4419,8 +3606,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mexico @@ -4428,8 +3613,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Pakistan @@ -4437,8 +3620,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Paraguay @@ -4446,8 +3627,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Philippines @@ -4455,8 +3634,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Thailand @@ -4464,8 +3641,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Uganda @@ -4473,8 +3648,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -4482,8 +3655,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Zimbabwe @@ -4491,8 +3662,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4506,8 +3675,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -4521,8 +3688,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4536,28 +3701,24 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Tantalum ore (coltan) + Tantalum ore Mining - Congo, Democratic Republic of the + Congo Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes Yes - No - No - Tanzanite (gems) + Tanzanite Mining @@ -4566,8 +3727,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4581,8 +3740,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Kenya @@ -4590,8 +3747,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Malawi @@ -4599,8 +3754,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Rwanda @@ -4608,8 +3761,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Tanzania @@ -4617,8 +3768,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Uganda @@ -4626,8 +3775,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -4635,8 +3782,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4650,8 +3795,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -4665,8 +3808,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Cambodia @@ -4674,8 +3815,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No China @@ -4683,8 +3822,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Ghana @@ -4692,8 +3829,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No North Korea @@ -4701,8 +3836,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Pakistan @@ -4710,8 +3843,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -4719,13 +3850,11 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Textiles (hand-woven) + Textiles Manufacturing @@ -4734,8 +3863,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -4749,8 +3876,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No India @@ -4758,13 +3883,11 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No - Tilapia (fish) + Tilapia Agriculture @@ -4773,8 +3896,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -4788,8 +3909,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Cambodia @@ -4797,8 +3916,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No North Korea @@ -4806,8 +3923,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Peru @@ -4815,8 +3930,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Russia @@ -4824,8 +3937,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No Vietnam @@ -4833,8 +3944,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -4848,8 +3957,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Indonesia @@ -4857,23 +3964,19 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Tin ore (cassiterite) + Tin ore Mining - Congo, Democratic Republic of the + Congo Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -4887,8 +3990,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Brazil @@ -4896,8 +3997,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Cambodia @@ -4905,8 +4004,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Indonesia @@ -4914,8 +4011,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Kenya @@ -4923,8 +4018,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Kyrgyz Republic @@ -4932,8 +4025,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Lebanon @@ -4941,8 +4032,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Malawi @@ -4950,8 +4039,6 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No Mexico @@ -4959,8 +4046,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mozambique @@ -4968,8 +4053,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Nicaragua @@ -4977,8 +4060,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Philippines @@ -4986,8 +4067,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Tanzania @@ -4995,8 +4074,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Uganda @@ -5004,8 +4081,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Vietnam @@ -5013,8 +4088,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Zambia @@ -5022,8 +4095,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Zimbabwe @@ -5031,8 +4102,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -5046,8 +4115,6 @@ No Yes No - No - No @@ -5061,8 +4128,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Dominican Republic @@ -5070,8 +4135,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Mexico @@ -5079,8 +4142,6 @@ Yes Yes No - No - No Paraguay @@ -5088,8 +4149,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -5103,13 +4162,11 @@ Yes Yes Yes - No - No - Trona (mineral) + Trona Mining @@ -5118,23 +4175,19 @@ Yes No No - No - No - Tungsten ore (wolframite) + Tungsten ore Mining - Congo, Democratic Republic of the + Congo Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes Yes - No - No @@ -5148,8 +4201,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Uganda @@ -5157,8 +4208,19 @@ Yes No No - No - No + + + + + Wafers + Manufacturing + + + China + Indo-Pacific + No + No + No @@ -5172,13 +4234,11 @@ No Yes No - No - No - Yerba Mate (stimulant plant) + Yerba Mate Agriculture @@ -5187,8 +4247,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No Paraguay @@ -5196,8 +4254,6 @@ Yes No No - No - No @@ -5211,9 +4267,7 @@ Yes No No - No - No - \ No newline at end of file + From 1fd84dacc86dcc2d856251ca6f73675b144da5dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chetan Kale Date: Wed, 7 Jun 2023 08:10:06 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Countries and good data has been changed as per 2023 file. --- app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml | 2198 ++++++++++++------------ app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml | 24 +- 2 files changed, 1111 insertions(+), 1111 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml b/app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml index 6450861..2204ad0 100644 --- a/app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml +++ b/app/src/main/assets/countries_2021.xml @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -88,37 +88,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -347,37 +347,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -558,37 +558,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -781,37 +781,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -990,49 +990,49 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A*† - + N/A No N/A*† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No @@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -1254,37 +1254,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -1459,7 +1459,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -1477,37 +1477,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -1694,7 +1694,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -1712,37 +1712,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -1754,7 +1754,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -2022,37 +2022,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -2064,7 +2064,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -2294,7 +2294,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -2312,37 +2312,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -2354,7 +2354,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -2539,7 +2539,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -2557,37 +2557,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -2599,7 +2599,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -2753,7 +2753,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -2771,37 +2771,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -2813,13 +2813,13 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No @@ -3031,7 +3031,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -3049,37 +3049,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No @@ -3091,7 +3091,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -3307,7 +3307,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -3325,37 +3325,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -3367,7 +3367,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -3533,7 +3533,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -3551,37 +3551,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -3593,13 +3593,13 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No @@ -3911,7 +3911,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -3929,37 +3929,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -3971,7 +3971,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -4175,7 +4175,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -4193,49 +4193,49 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A*† - + N/A No N/A*† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No @@ -4380,7 +4380,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -4398,37 +4398,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -4440,7 +4440,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -4721,7 +4721,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -4739,37 +4739,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -4781,7 +4781,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -4986,7 +4986,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -5004,37 +5004,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -5046,7 +5046,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -5209,7 +5209,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -5227,37 +5227,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -5269,7 +5269,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -5487,7 +5487,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -5505,37 +5505,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -5547,13 +5547,13 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No @@ -5791,7 +5791,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -5809,37 +5809,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -5851,7 +5851,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -6045,7 +6045,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -6063,37 +6063,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -6105,13 +6105,13 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No @@ -6290,7 +6290,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -6308,37 +6308,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -6350,7 +6350,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -6512,7 +6512,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -6530,37 +6530,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -6572,7 +6572,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -6867,7 +6867,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -6885,37 +6885,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -6927,7 +6927,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7001,7 +7001,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7019,37 +7019,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -7061,7 +7061,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7196,7 +7196,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7214,37 +7214,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7256,7 +7256,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7434,7 +7434,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -7452,37 +7452,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -7494,7 +7494,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7620,7 +7620,7 @@ - Congo Democratic Republic of the + Congo, Democratic Republic of the https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-democratic-republic-of-the Sub-Saharan Africa No @@ -7702,7 +7702,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7720,37 +7720,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -7762,7 +7762,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7922,7 +7922,7 @@ - Congo Republic of the + Congo, Republic of the https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-republic-of-the Sub-Saharan Africa No @@ -7961,7 +7961,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -7979,37 +7979,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -8021,7 +8021,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -8191,7 +8191,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -8209,37 +8209,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A*† - + N/A No N/A*† @@ -8251,7 +8251,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -8399,7 +8399,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -8417,49 +8417,49 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A† - + N/A No N/A† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No @@ -8598,7 +8598,7 @@ - Cote d'Ivoire + Côte d'Ivoire https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cote-d'ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa No @@ -8650,7 +8650,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -8668,37 +8668,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -8710,7 +8710,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -8841,11 +8841,11 @@ https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/survey-research-child-labor-west-african-cocoa-growing-areas - Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire + Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana - Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana + Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana @@ -8898,7 +8898,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -8916,37 +8916,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -8958,7 +8958,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -9113,7 +9113,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -9125,49 +9125,49 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No @@ -9179,7 +9179,7 @@ N/A† - + N/A No N/A† @@ -9346,7 +9346,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -9364,37 +9364,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -9406,7 +9406,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -9708,7 +9708,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -9726,37 +9726,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -9768,7 +9768,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -9987,7 +9987,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -10005,37 +10005,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -10047,7 +10047,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -10223,7 +10223,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -10241,37 +10241,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -10283,7 +10283,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -10503,7 +10503,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -10515,55 +10515,55 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No @@ -10737,7 +10737,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -10755,37 +10755,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -10797,7 +10797,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -10990,7 +10990,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -11008,37 +11008,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -11050,13 +11050,13 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No @@ -11238,7 +11238,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -11256,37 +11256,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -11298,7 +11298,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -11420,7 +11420,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -11438,37 +11438,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -11480,7 +11480,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -11622,7 +11622,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -11640,37 +11640,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -11682,7 +11682,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -11807,7 +11807,7 @@ - Gambia The + Gambia, The https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gambia-the Sub-Saharan Africa No @@ -11846,7 +11846,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -11864,37 +11864,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -11906,7 +11906,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -12061,7 +12061,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -12079,37 +12079,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -12121,7 +12121,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -12311,7 +12311,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -12329,37 +12329,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -12371,7 +12371,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -12522,11 +12522,11 @@ https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdfhttps://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire + Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana - Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana + Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana @@ -12616,7 +12616,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -12628,55 +12628,55 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A† - + N/A No N/A† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No @@ -12858,7 +12858,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -12876,37 +12876,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -12918,7 +12918,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -13189,7 +13189,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -13207,37 +13207,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -13249,7 +13249,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -13433,7 +13433,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -13451,37 +13451,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -13493,7 +13493,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -13645,7 +13645,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -13663,37 +13663,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -13705,7 +13705,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -13862,7 +13862,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -13880,49 +13880,49 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No @@ -14122,7 +14122,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -14140,37 +14140,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -14182,7 +14182,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -14523,7 +14523,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -14541,37 +14541,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -14583,7 +14583,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -14916,7 +14916,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -14934,49 +14934,49 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -15233,37 +15233,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -15275,7 +15275,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -15287,7 +15287,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -15450,7 +15450,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -15468,37 +15468,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -15510,7 +15510,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -15680,7 +15680,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -15698,37 +15698,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -15740,7 +15740,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -15903,7 +15903,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -15921,37 +15921,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -15963,7 +15963,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -16182,7 +16182,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -16200,37 +16200,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -16242,7 +16242,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -16435,7 +16435,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -16453,49 +16453,49 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A† - + N/A No N/A† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -16629,7 +16629,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -16647,37 +16647,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -16689,7 +16689,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -16838,7 +16838,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -16856,37 +16856,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -16898,7 +16898,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -17066,7 +17066,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -17084,37 +17084,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -17126,7 +17126,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -17299,7 +17299,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -17317,37 +17317,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -17359,7 +17359,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -17526,7 +17526,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -17544,37 +17544,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -17586,7 +17586,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -17799,7 +17799,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -17817,37 +17817,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -17859,7 +17859,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -18032,7 +18032,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -18050,37 +18050,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -18092,7 +18092,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -18315,7 +18315,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -18333,37 +18333,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -18375,7 +18375,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -18552,7 +18552,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -18570,37 +18570,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -18612,7 +18612,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -18842,7 +18842,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -18860,37 +18860,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -18902,7 +18902,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19078,7 +19078,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19096,49 +19096,49 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A*† - + N/A No N/A*† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No @@ -19380,7 +19380,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19398,37 +19398,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19440,7 +19440,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19641,7 +19641,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19659,37 +19659,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19701,7 +19701,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19886,7 +19886,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19904,37 +19904,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -19946,7 +19946,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -20128,7 +20128,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20146,37 +20146,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -20188,7 +20188,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20317,7 +20317,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20335,49 +20335,49 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A N/A - + N/A No N/A No - + N/A No No @@ -20507,7 +20507,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20525,37 +20525,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20567,7 +20567,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20741,7 +20741,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20765,31 +20765,31 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20801,7 +20801,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20961,7 +20961,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -20979,37 +20979,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -21021,7 +21021,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -21237,7 +21237,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -21255,37 +21255,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -21297,7 +21297,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -21582,7 +21582,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -21600,37 +21600,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -21642,7 +21642,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -21873,7 +21873,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -21891,37 +21891,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -21933,13 +21933,13 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No @@ -22145,7 +22145,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -22163,37 +22163,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -22205,7 +22205,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -22415,55 +22415,55 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A*† - + N/A No N/A*† @@ -22475,7 +22475,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -22616,7 +22616,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -22628,43 +22628,43 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -22676,7 +22676,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -22842,7 +22842,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -22860,37 +22860,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -22902,7 +22902,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -23034,7 +23034,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -23052,37 +23052,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -23094,7 +23094,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -23306,7 +23306,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -23324,37 +23324,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -23366,7 +23366,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -23634,7 +23634,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -23652,49 +23652,49 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A† - + N/A No N/A† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -23887,7 +23887,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -23905,37 +23905,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -23947,13 +23947,13 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No @@ -24295,7 +24295,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -24313,37 +24313,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -24355,7 +24355,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -24610,7 +24610,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -24628,37 +24628,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -24670,7 +24670,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -24967,7 +24967,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -24985,37 +24985,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -25027,7 +25027,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -25328,7 +25328,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -25346,37 +25346,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -25388,7 +25388,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -25530,7 +25530,7 @@ - Saint Helena Ascension and Tristan da Cunha + Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-helena-ascension-and-tristan-da-cunha Europe and Eurasia No @@ -25569,7 +25569,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -25587,49 +25587,49 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A*† - + N/A No N/A*† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No @@ -25761,7 +25761,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -25779,49 +25779,49 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A*† - + N/A No N/A*† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No @@ -25963,7 +25963,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -25975,55 +25975,55 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A*† - + N/A No N/A*† N/A - + N/A No N/A No - + N/A No No @@ -26174,7 +26174,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -26192,49 +26192,49 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A† - + N/A No N/A† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No @@ -26336,7 +26336,7 @@ - Sao Tome and Principe + São Tomé and Príncipe https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sao-tome-and-principe Sub-Saharan Africa No @@ -26375,7 +26375,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -26393,37 +26393,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -26435,7 +26435,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -26593,7 +26593,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -26611,37 +26611,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -26653,7 +26653,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -26826,7 +26826,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -26844,37 +26844,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -26886,7 +26886,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -27063,7 +27063,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -27081,37 +27081,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -27123,7 +27123,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -27295,7 +27295,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -27307,61 +27307,61 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A† - + N/A No N/A† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No @@ -27525,7 +27525,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -27543,37 +27543,37 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -27585,7 +27585,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -27795,7 +27795,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -27813,37 +27813,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -27855,7 +27855,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -28017,7 +28017,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -28035,37 +28035,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -28077,7 +28077,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -28262,7 +28262,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -28280,37 +28280,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -28322,7 +28322,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -28500,7 +28500,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -28518,37 +28518,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -28560,7 +28560,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -28802,7 +28802,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -28820,37 +28820,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -28862,7 +28862,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -29076,7 +29076,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -29094,37 +29094,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -29136,7 +29136,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -29330,7 +29330,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -29348,37 +29348,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -29390,7 +29390,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -29557,7 +29557,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -29575,37 +29575,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -29617,7 +29617,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -29778,55 +29778,55 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No N/A*† - + N/A No N/A*† @@ -29838,7 +29838,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -29974,55 +29974,55 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes* - + N/A No Yes* @@ -30034,7 +30034,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -30203,7 +30203,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -30221,37 +30221,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -30263,7 +30263,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -30510,7 +30510,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -30528,49 +30528,49 @@ No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A† - + N/A No N/A† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -30793,7 +30793,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -30811,37 +30811,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -30853,7 +30853,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -31098,7 +31098,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -31116,37 +31116,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -31158,7 +31158,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -31339,7 +31339,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -31357,37 +31357,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -31399,7 +31399,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -31549,7 +31549,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -31567,55 +31567,55 @@ No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No N/A† - + N/A No N/A† N/A† - + N/A No N/A† No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No @@ -31940,7 +31940,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -31958,49 +31958,49 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A N/A† - + N/A No N/A† Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -32074,7 +32074,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -32092,37 +32092,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -32134,7 +32134,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -32284,7 +32284,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -32302,37 +32302,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -32344,7 +32344,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -32465,7 +32465,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -32483,37 +32483,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -32525,7 +32525,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -32713,7 +32713,7 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -32731,37 +32731,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes N/A - + N/A No N/A @@ -32773,13 +32773,13 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No @@ -32987,7 +32987,7 @@ No - + N/A No No @@ -33005,37 +33005,37 @@ Yes - + N/A No Yes No - + N/A No No Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes Yes - + N/A No Yes @@ -33047,7 +33047,7 @@ No - + N/A No No diff --git a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml index b3536f8..67cb9e3 100644 --- a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml +++ b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml @@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ Mining - Congo Democratic Republic of the + Congo, Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes No @@ -887,8 +887,8 @@ No - Cote d'Ivoire - + Côte d'Ivoire + Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes Yes @@ -962,8 +962,8 @@ No - Cote d'Ivoire - + Côte d'Ivoire + Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes Yes @@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ Mining - Congo Democratic Republic of the + Congo, Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes No @@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ No - Congo Democratic Republic of the + Congo, Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes No @@ -1965,7 +1965,7 @@ No - Congo Democratic Republic of the + Congo, Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes @@ -3709,7 +3709,7 @@ Mining - Congo Democratic Republic of the + Congo, Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes @@ -3972,7 +3972,7 @@ Mining - Congo Democratic Republic of the + Congo, Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes @@ -4183,7 +4183,7 @@ Mining - Congo Democratic Republic of the + Congo, Democratic Republic of the Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes @@ -4270,4 +4270,4 @@ - + \ No newline at end of file From 9513ce2f54be76c17b628b5df52beafd3d82c693 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: pbhatt17 Date: Thu, 8 Jun 2023 14:02:02 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Good file updated --- app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml | 183 ++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-) diff --git a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml index 67cb9e3..f7019e3 100644 --- a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml +++ b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2021.xml @@ -132,19 +132,6 @@ - - Beans - Agriculture - - - Paraguay - Latin America and the Caribbean - Yes - No - No - - - Beans Agriculture @@ -163,6 +150,13 @@ No No + + Paraguay + Latin America and the Caribbean + Yes + No + No + @@ -179,7 +173,7 @@ - Bidis + Bidis Manufacturing @@ -432,7 +426,7 @@ - Bricks + Bricks Manufacturing @@ -836,7 +830,7 @@ - Cobalt ore + Cobalt ore Mining @@ -849,7 +843,7 @@ - Coca + Coca Agriculture @@ -888,7 +882,7 @@ Côte d'Ivoire - Sub-Saharan Africa + Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes Yes @@ -963,7 +957,7 @@ Côte d'Ivoire - Sub-Saharan Africa + Sub-Saharan Africa Yes Yes Yes @@ -1234,7 +1228,7 @@ - Cottonseed + Cottonseed Agriculture @@ -1617,7 +1611,7 @@ - Fluorspar + Fluorspar Mining @@ -1662,27 +1656,21 @@ No - Turkey - Middle East and North Africa + Indonesia + Indo-Pacific Yes No No - Vietnam - Indo-Pacific + Turkey + Middle East and North Africa Yes No No - - - - Footwear - Manufacturing - - Indonesia + Vietnam Indo-Pacific Yes No @@ -1691,7 +1679,7 @@ - Fruit + Fruit Agriculture @@ -1708,34 +1696,28 @@ Manufacturing - Pakistan + Bangladesh Indo-Pacific Yes No No - Turkey - Middle East and North Africa + Pakistan + Indo-Pacific Yes No No - Vietnam - Indo-Pacific + Turkey + Middle East and North Africa Yes No No - - - - Furniture - Manufacturing - - Bangladesh + Vietnam Indo-Pacific Yes No @@ -2124,6 +2106,13 @@ Granite Mining + + Benin + Sub-Saharan Africa + Yes + No + No + Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa @@ -2147,19 +2136,6 @@ - - Granite - Mining - - - Benin - Sub-Saharan Africa - Yes - No - No - - - Grapes Agriculture @@ -2181,7 +2157,7 @@ - Gravel + Gravel Mining @@ -2208,7 +2184,7 @@ - Gypsum + Gypsum Mining @@ -2281,7 +2257,7 @@ - Incense + Incense Manufacturing @@ -2333,7 +2309,7 @@ - Jute + Jute Manufacturing @@ -2346,7 +2322,7 @@ - Khat + Khat Agriculture @@ -2359,7 +2335,7 @@ - Khat/Miraa + Khat/Miraa Agriculture @@ -2605,7 +2581,7 @@ - Nile Perch + Nile Perch Agriculture @@ -2618,7 +2594,7 @@ - Oil + Oil Agriculture @@ -2905,7 +2881,7 @@ - Pulses + Pulses Agriculture @@ -3436,6 +3412,13 @@ Stones Mining + + Egypt + Middle East and North Africa + Yes + No + No + India Indo-Pacific @@ -3458,42 +3441,29 @@ Yes - Uganda - Sub-Saharan Africa - Yes - No - No - - - Zambia - Sub-Saharan Africa + Nicaragua + Latin America and the Caribbean Yes No No - - - - Stones - Mining - - Egypt - Middle East and North Africa + Paraguay + Latin America and the Caribbean Yes No No - Nicaragua - Latin America and the Caribbean + Uganda + Sub-Saharan Africa Yes No No - Paraguay - Latin America and the Caribbean + Zambia + Sub-Saharan Africa Yes No No @@ -3705,7 +3675,7 @@ - Tantalum ore + Tantalum ore Mining @@ -3718,7 +3688,7 @@ - Tanzanite + Tanzanite Mining @@ -3823,6 +3793,13 @@ Yes No + + Ethiopia + Sub-Saharan Africa + Yes + Yes + Yes + Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa @@ -3853,19 +3830,6 @@ - - Textiles - Manufacturing - - - Ethiopia - Sub-Saharan Africa - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Thread/Yarn Manufacturing @@ -3887,7 +3851,7 @@ - Tilapia + Tilapia Agriculture @@ -3968,7 +3932,7 @@ - Tin ore + Tin ore Mining @@ -4166,7 +4130,7 @@ - Trona + Trona Mining @@ -4179,7 +4143,7 @@ - Tungsten ore + Tungsten ore Mining @@ -4238,7 +4202,7 @@ - Yerba Mate + Yerba Mate Agriculture @@ -4270,4 +4234,5 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + +