diff --git a/app/src/main/assets/countries_2019.xml b/app/src/main/assets/countries_2019.xml index cf0c44a..fbe1f25 100644 --- a/app/src/main/assets/countries_2019.xml +++ b/app/src/main/assets/countries_2019.xml @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/afghanistan Asia and the Pacific No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2019, Afghanistan is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, Afghanistan is receiving an assessment of no advancement because government officials, particularly officers of the Afghan Local Police and Afghan National Police, are complicit in the use of commercial sexual exploitation of boys through the practice of bacha bazi, a practice that remains widespread throughout the country. The government failed to prosecute any government officials in bacha bazi cases in 2019, but convicted two civilians and indicted at least four others. During the reporting period, media reported allegations by human rights activists that at least 165 boys were sexually exploited at three public high schools in Logar Province, with the perpetrators video recording some of the acts for blackmail purposes. The activists’ research found evidence of involvement of dozens of educators, including teachers and principals. At the end of 2019, government investigators reported that while they uncovered evidence of child sexual assault in Logar, they had found no link between the abuse and educators in the Logar public school system. Two human rights activists who exposed the Logar network, however, were detained by the National Directorate of Security, physically mistreated, and subsequently fled the country with their families after receiving death threats. Although the government failed to prosecute Afghan Local Police or Afghan National Police officers implicated in bacha bazi crimes committed at remote checkpoints or elsewhere in the country, it took a number of steps to combat bacha bazi and other forms of child labor and child trafficking, including by establishing a National Child Protection Commission. However, children in Afghanistan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict and forced labor in the production of bricks and carpets, each sometimes the result of human trafficking. Afghanistan’s labor inspectorate is not authorized to impose penalties for child labor violations, and the government lacks sufficient programs to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.In addition, Afghan law does not sufficiently criminalize forced labor or debt bondage, and criminal penalties for the commercial sexual exploitation of female children do not meet international standards. + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2019, Afghanistan is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, Afghanistan is receiving an assessment of no advancement because government officials, particularly officers of the Afghan Local Police and Afghan National Police, are complicit in the use of commercial sexual exploitation of boys through the practice of bacha bazi, a practice that remains widespread throughout the country. The government failed to prosecute any government officials in bacha bazi cases in 2019, but convicted two civilians and indicted at least four others. During the reporting period, media reported allegations by human rights activists that at least 165 boys were sexually exploited at three public high schools in Logar Province, with the perpetrators video recording some of the acts for blackmail purposes. The activists’ research found evidence of involvement of dozens of educators, including teachers and principals. At the end of 2019, government investigators reported that while they uncovered evidence of child sexual assault in Logar, they had found no link between the abuse and educators in the Logar public school system. Two human rights activists who exposed the Logar network, however, were detained by the National Directorate of Security, physically mistreated, and subsequently fled the country with their families after receiving death threats. Although the government failed to prosecute Afghan Local Police or Afghan National Police officers implicated in bacha bazi crimes committed at remote checkpoints or elsewhere in the country, it took a number of steps to combat bacha bazi and other forms of child labor and child trafficking, including by establishing a National Child Protection Commission. However, children in Afghanistan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict and forced labor in the production of bricks and carpets, each sometimes the result of human trafficking. Afghanistan’s labor inspectorate is not authorized to impose penalties for child labor violations, and the government lacks sufficient programs to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Afghan law does not sufficiently criminalize forced labor or debt bondage, and criminal penalties for the commercial sexual exploitation of female children do not meet international standards. Bricks @@ -114,10 +114,10 @@ Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -133,37 +133,39 @@ Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - Unknown(5) - Unknown(5) - No(5) - No(5) - Unknown(5) - Unknown(5) - Unknown(5) - Unknown(5) - Unknown(5) + Unknown + Unknown + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown N/A N/A - Unknown(5) - Unknown(5) - Yes(5) - Unknown(5) - Yes(5) - No(5) - Unknown(5) - Unknown(5) - No (110) - 15 (110) - 17 (110) - 10 (110) - 4 (110) - Yes(37) + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + No + 15 + 17 + 10 + 4 + Yes + 2 @@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ - Establish Child Protection Action Networksin all of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces and ensure that they can provide allservices needed by victimized children. + Establish Child Protection Action Networks in all of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces and ensure that they can provide all services needed by victimized children. Track and publish information on labor inspections, including labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors, number and type of child labor inspections, and number of violations found. @@ -203,10 +205,10 @@ Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators are available and receive resources, including equipment and transportation, to enforce criminal child labor laws. - Ensure that child victims of human trafficking and other worst forms of child labor are correctly identified as victims,andreferred to appropriate social services, not detained or subjected to mistreatment or torture. + Ensure that child victims of human trafficking and other worst forms of child labor are correctly identified as victims, and referred to appropriate social services, not detained or subjected to mistreatment or torture. - Prosecute and convict individuals, particularly government officials,who use children for engagement in the worst forms of child labor, including bacha bazi and child soldiering. + Prosecute and convict individuals, particularly government officials, who use children for engagement in the worst forms of child labor, including bacha bazi and child soldiering. Take steps to prevent work by children at remote police checkpoints, where they are highly vulnerable to sexual exploitation, and hold accountable government officials who perpetrate acts of sexual violence against children. @@ -249,11 +251,7 @@ Europe and Eurasia No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Albania made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate -the worst forms of child labor.The National Council for the Rights and Protection of the Child approved DCM No. 704, which provides guidance to institutions responsible for identifying children working in violation of the law and referring cases to social protection services.The government alsoenacted the National Action Plan for the Protection of Children from Economic Exploitation. Furthermore, the General Prosecutor ordered the creation of the Development Center of Criminal Justice for Minors, which employs four part-time prosecutors and one judicial police officer to oversee cases related to the Justice Criminal Code for Minors. However, children in Albania engage in -the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and mining chromium. Children also engage in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The law does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or -offering children for illicit activities. In -addition, the labor inspectorate needs to be strengthened so it can conduct inspections in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur. + In 2019, Albania made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Council for the Rights and Protection of the Child approved Decision of the Council of Ministers No. 704, which provides guidance to institutions responsible for identifying children working in violation of the law and referring cases to social protection services. The government also enacted the National Action Plan for the Protection of Children from Economic Exploitation. Furthermore, the General Prosecutor ordered the creation of the Development Center of Criminal Justice for Minors, which employs four part-time prosecutors and one judicial police officer to oversee cases related to the Justice Criminal Code for Minors. However, children in Albania engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and mining, including of chromium. Children also engage in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The law does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities. In addition, the labor inspectorate needs to be strengthened so it can conduct inspections in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur. @@ -331,14 +329,14 @@ addition, the labor inspectorate needs to be strengthened so it can conduct insp No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes - + 18 No Yes @@ -356,31 +354,33 @@ addition, the labor inspectorate needs to be strengthened so it can conduct insp - $1,766,831 (4) - 118 (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - 11,036 (4) - 11,036 (4) - 115 (4) - 22 (4) - 0 (4) - Yes(4) - Yes(4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes(4) - Yes (4) - Yes(4) - Yes (4) - 17 (4) - 22 (4) - 19 (4) - 9 (4) - Yes (4) + $1,766,831 + 118 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 11,036 + 11,036 + 115 + 22 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 26 + 22 + 19 + 9 + Yes + Unknown @@ -388,25 +388,25 @@ addition, the labor inspectorate needs to be strengthened so it can conduct insp Ensure that using, procuring, and offering children under age 18 for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, is criminally prohibited. - Ensure that the law limits the number of hours for light work. + Ensure that the law limits the number of hours for light work. - Ensure proper coordination betweenState Inspectorate for Labor and Social Servicesand Albanian State Police. + Ensure proper coordination between the State Inspectorate for Labor and Social Services and the Albanian State Police. - Ensure that the governmentimplements the National Action Plan for the Protection of Children from Economic Exploitation. + Ensure that the government implements the National Action Plan for the Protection of Children from Economic Exploitation. - Conduct research to further identify children’s activities in agriculture and constructionto inform policies and programs. + Conduct research to further identify children’s activities in agriculture and construction to inform policies and programs. - Provide adequate transportation forRoma and Balkan Egyptian children who live in communities farfrom schools. + Provide adequate transportation for Roma and Balkan Egyptian children who live in communities far from schools. Ensure that barriers to education, including discrimination against Roma and Balkan Egyptian children and children with disabilities, are removed. @@ -415,33 +415,33 @@ addition, the labor inspectorate needs to be strengthened so it can conduct insp Increase the number of shelters for victims of the worst forms of child labor, and in particular, for children living and working in the street. - Institute programs to assist children who are victims of human trafficking and those who are used inscavenging chromium. + Institute programs to assist children who are victims of human trafficking and those who are used in scavenging chromium. - Providelanguage translationfor migrant and refugee children to facilitate school access. + Provide language translation for migrant and refugee children to facilitate school access. - Ensure that funding and human resources are increased for social programs for child labor and that decentralizedsocial funds to municipalitiesare appropriately allocated to adequately carry out programs. + Ensure that funding and human resources are increased for social programs for child labor and that decentralized social funds to municipalities are appropriately allocated to adequately carry out programs. - Ensure that labor inspectors can inspectthe informal sectorin whichchild labor is known to occur, including private homes, private farms, or unregistered businesses. + Ensure that labor inspectors can inspect the informal sector in which child labor is known to occur, including private homes, private farms, or unregistered businesses. - Strengthen and promote the labor complaint referralmechanism so that the general public can report cases of child labor. + Strengthen and promote the labor complaint referral mechanism so that the general public can report cases of child labor. - Ensure that judicial responsibilities are clearly delineated when trafficking in persons cases involving organized crime are moved from the Serious Crimes Court to district courts. + Ensure that judicial responsibilities are clearly delineated when trafficking in persons cases involving organized crime are moved from the Serious Crimes Court to district courts. - Provide the labor inspectorate with resources for vehicles to conduct inspections. + Provide the labor inspectorate with resources for vehicles to conduct inspections. - Ensure that the border police officers properly screen minors, including children fromKosovo andmigrants, and properly implement standard operating procedures to identify victims of child trafficking. + Ensure that border police officers properly screen minors, including children from Kosovo and migrants, and properly implement standard operating procedures to identify victims of child trafficking. - Publish information on the number of penalties imposed onthe worst forms of child labor. + Publish information on the number of penalties imposed on the worst forms of child labor. @@ -457,15 +457,7 @@ addition, the labor inspectorate needs to be strengthened so it can conduct insp Middle East and North Africa No Moderate Advancement - In -2019, Algeria made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor. The government trained criminal law enforcement officers of the Directorate General for National Security and the National Gendarmerie, and provided specialized training to the Brigades for the Protection of Minors on issues of child labor. The National Authority for the Protection and Promotion of Children also trained judges on the protection of children during judicial proceedings and members of the Algerian media on the protection and promotion of children's rights. In addition, the government led child labor awareness-raising efforts on national television and online. However, -children in Algeria engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in -commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging, each sometimes as a result -of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street vending and begging. The -government has not sufficiently prohibited the use of children in illicit -activities or determined by national law or regulation the types of work that -are hazardous for children to perform. Furthermore, the government lacks a sufficient number of labor inspectors to ensure that child labor laws are enforced in all geographic areas. + In 2019, Algeria made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government trained criminal law enforcement officers of the Directorate General for National Security and the National Gendarmerie, and provided specialized training to the Brigades for the Protection of Minors on issues of child labor. The National Authority for the Protection and Promotion of Children also trained judges on the protection of children during judicial proceedings and members of the Algerian media on the protection and promotion of children's rights. In addition, the government led child labor awareness-raising efforts on national television and online. However, children in Algeria engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street vending and begging. The government has not sufficiently prohibited the use of children in illicit activities or determined by national law or regulation the types of work that are hazardous for children to perform. Furthermore, the government lacks a sufficient number of labor inspectors to ensure that child labor laws are enforced in all geographic areas. @@ -568,39 +560,41 @@ are hazardous for children to perform. Furthermore, the government lacks a suffi - $15,300,000 (18) - 645 (18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - N/A (18) - Yes (18) - 124,698(18) - Unknown (18) - Unknown (18) - Unknown (18) - Unknown (18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - N/A (18) - Yes (18) - 23 (18) - Unknown (18) - 32‡ (18) - 27‡ (18) - Yes (18) + $15,300,000 + 645 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 124,698 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 23 + Unknown + 32 + 27 + Yes + 0 - Ensure that laws prohibit the use of children in all illicit activities, including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. + Ensure that laws increase penalties, or categorize as a separate crime, the involvement of children in all illicit activities, including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. @@ -611,12 +605,17 @@ are hazardous for children to perform. Furthermore, the government lacks a suffi Publish information on the labor law enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, violations found, child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and penalties imposed that were collected. - Increase the number of labor inspectors in accordance with the ILO’s technical advice and ensure that child labor laws are enforced in all geographic areas, including the informal sector. + Increase the number of labor inspectors in accordance with the ILO’s technical advice and ensure that child labor laws are enforced in all geographic areas, including the informal sector. Publish information on the criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of criminal violations found. + + + N/A + + Adopt a policy that includes all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation, forced begging, and street work. @@ -630,10 +629,10 @@ are hazardous for children to perform. Furthermore, the government lacks a suffi Take measures to remove barriers to accessing education, namely transportation and accessibility to schools, particularly for migrant children and children with disabilities. - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem,includingthe commercial sexual exploitation of children, forced begging, and street work. + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, forced begging, and street work. - Ensure thatisolated cases of school administrators denying enrollment tomigrant childrenare stopped in accordance with laws allowing for free public educationfor all children. + Ensure that isolated cases of school administrators denying enrollment to migrant children are stopped in accordance with laws allowing for free public education for all children. @@ -649,11 +648,7 @@ are hazardous for children to perform. Furthermore, the government lacks a suffi Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, -Angola made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of -child labor. The government approved the Law on Trafficking Victims Protection, which provides comprehensive protections for human trafficking victims, including specific measures for the protection ofchildren. In addition, the government convicted 15 individuals of child trafficking crimes, and the Ministry of Social Action, Family, and the Promotion of Women conducted several national awareness-raising campaignson the worst forms of child labor. The government also approved its first National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Trafficking in Persons, and began opening registry offices in maternity wardsthroughout all 18 provinces to facilitate birth registrations. However, children in Angola engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children -also perform dangerous tasks in construction. Although Angola made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period,prohibitions against the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards becausethey do not prohibit the procuring or offering of a child for the production of pornography or the use, procuring, or offering of a child for pornographic performances. In addition, there are not enough labor inspectors to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce, and social programs -do not target all sectors in which children work. + In 2019, Angola made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the Law on Trafficking Victims Protection, which provides comprehensive protections for human trafficking victims, including specific measures for the protection of children. In addition, the government convicted 15 individuals of child trafficking crimes, and the Ministry of Social Action, Family, and the Promotion of Women conducted several national awareness-raising campaigns on the worst forms of child labor. The government also approved its first National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Trafficking in Persons, and began opening registry offices in maternity wards throughout all 18 provinces to facilitate birth registrations. However, children in Angola engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction. Although Angola made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, prohibitions against the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards because they do not prohibit the procuring or offering of a child for the production of pornography or the use, procuring, or offering of a child for pornographic performances. In addition, there are not enough labor inspectors to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce, and social programs do not target all sectors in which children work. Diamonds @@ -763,31 +758,33 @@ do not target all sectors in which children work. - $210,000 (1) - 132 (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - 5,461 (1) - 4,935 (1) - 11(1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - N/A (1) - Yes (1) - 10 (16) + $210,000 + 132 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 5,461 + 4,935 + 11 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 10 Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (1) + Yes + Yes @@ -795,7 +792,7 @@ do not target all sectors in which children work. Ensure that the law prohibits hazardous occupations or activities for children in all relevant sectors in Angola, including diamond mining. - Ensure that the legal framework prohibits the procuring and offering of children for the production of pornography,and the use, procuring, and offering of a child forpornographic performances. + Ensure that the legal framework prohibits the procuring and offering of children for the production of pornography, and the use, procuring, and offering of a child for pornographic performances. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. @@ -806,7 +803,7 @@ do not target all sectors in which children work. Publish information regarding the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Increase training for criminal investigators, including training of investigators outside the capital and in remote areas across Angola. @@ -815,7 +812,7 @@ do not target all sectors in which children work. Publish information regarding the number of violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - Ensurethat theMinistry of Public Administration, Labor, and Social Securityreceives adequateresources to conduct inspections in sectors in which child labor is known to occur. + Ensure that the Ministry of Public Administration, Labor, and Social Security receives adequate resources to conduct inspections in sectors in which child labor is known to occur. @@ -831,12 +828,12 @@ do not target all sectors in which children work. Ensure that the Plan of Action and Intervention Against the Sexual and Commercial Exploitation of Children is effectively implemented. - Ensure thatthe National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor has sufficient funds for implementation. + Ensure that the National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor has sufficient funds for implementation. - Develop and expand existing social programs to ensure that all children have access to education and are not restricted by informal fees, lack of birth certificates, lack of teachers, or poor school infrastructure. + Develop and expand existing social programs to ensure that all children have access to education and are not restricted by informal fees, lack of birth certificates, lack of teachers, or poor school infrastructure. Institute programs that target children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. @@ -844,9 +841,9 @@ do not target all sectors in which children work. - - - + Yes + Yes + No @@ -855,9 +852,7 @@ do not target all sectors in which children work. Europe and Eurasia No No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Anguilla, in 2019 the governmentmade no advancement in -efforts toprevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not -prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs.In addition, the minimum ages for work and hazardous work do not meet international standards and Anguilla lacksa list ofprohibited hazardous occupations and activities for children. + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Anguilla, in 2019 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the minimum ages for work and hazardous work do not meet international standards and Anguilla lacks a list of prohibited hazardous occupations and activities for children. @@ -922,16 +917,16 @@ prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the produc No - N/A*† + N/A No - N/A*† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -946,6 +941,35 @@ prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the produc Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + @@ -967,9 +991,24 @@ prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the produc Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. @@ -985,11 +1024,7 @@ prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the produc Latin America and the Caribbean No Significant Advancement - In 2019, Argentina made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government issued two regulations to strengthen inspection procedures with respect to child labor and unauthorized adolescent work.Argentine courts continued to render indictments and convictions for child sexual exploitation and child trafficking cases, and the Special Prosecutor's Office for Human Trafficking and Exploitation provided training to prosecutors, defenders, judicial officials, and university students. The Superintendent of Labor Risks also collaborated with theInternational Labor Organizationand youth advocacy groups to adopt a new National Action Plan to Improve the Safety and Health at Work of Adolescents and Youth. In addition, the Ministry ofLabor, Employment, and Social Securitypartnered with the Tucuman Ministry of Production, civil society, and the private sector to develop an agricultural child labor monitoring system, whichis beingpiloted in blueberry and yerba mate plantations in Tucuman and Misiones. However, children in Argentina engage in -the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, -sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, including the sale and distribution of drugs. Children also perform dangerous tasks in -agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information about its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. + In 2019, Argentina made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government issued two regulations to strengthen inspection procedures with respect to child labor and unauthorized adolescent work. Argentine courts continued to render indictments and convictions for child sexual exploitation and child trafficking cases, and the Special Prosecutor's Office for Human Trafficking and Exploitation provided training to prosecutors, defenders, judicial officials, and university students. The Superintendent of Labor Risks also collaborated with the International Labor Organization and youth advocacy groups to adopt a new National Action Plan to Improve the Safety and Health at Work of Adolescents and Youth. In addition, the former Secretariat of Labor, Employment, and Social Security, which now has the title of Ministry, partnered with the Tucuman Ministry of Production, civil society, and the private sector to develop an agricultural child labor monitoring system, which is being piloted in blueberry and yerba mate plantations in Tucuman and Misiones. However, children in Argentina engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, including the sale and distribution of drugs. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information about its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Blueberries @@ -1134,10 +1169,10 @@ agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information abou Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -1153,37 +1188,39 @@ agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information abou Yes - 18‡ + 18 No Yes - Unknown(3) - 315 (3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - 141,422(3) - 141,422(3) - 13(3) - Unknown(3) - Unknown(3) + Unknown + 315 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 141,422 + 141,422 + 13 + Unknown + Unknown Yes - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Unknown (3) - 29 (3) - Unknown (3) - 5 (3) - Yes(3) + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 29 + Unknown + 5 + Yes + Yes @@ -1196,19 +1233,19 @@ agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information abou Publish federal and provincial information on the level of funding allocated to the labor inspectorate. - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - Publish information on the total number of federal and provincial inspectors responsible for enforcing labor laws nationwide. + Publish information on the total number of federal and provincial inspectors responsible for enforcing labor laws nationwide, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. Publish federal and provincial information on the total number of children removed from child labor nationwide, including whether they received appropriate protective services. - Publish federal and provincial information on the number of criminal investigations found, the number and severity of penalties imposed as a result of child labor convictions, and the adequacy of the budget and resources available to agencies responsible for enforcing criminal laws on the worst forms of child labor. + Publish federal and provincial information on the number of criminal investigations found, the number and severity of penalties imposed as a result of child labor convictions, number of prosecutions initiated, and the adequacy of the budget and resources available to agencies responsible for enforcing criminal laws on the worst forms of child labor. - Investigate the use of children for illegal activities, such as drug trafficking. + Investigate the use of children for illegal activities, such as drug trafficking. Strengthen the capacity of Argentina's judiciary and policy to investigate child trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation cases. @@ -1232,17 +1269,17 @@ agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information abou Publish information on activities taken under social programs to address child labor, forced labor, and human trafficking. - Develop specific programs that target child labor in sectorsin whichchild labor is prevalent, including street begging and performing, windshield washing, and guarding of parked cars. + Develop specific programs that target child labor in sectors in which child labor is prevalent, including street begging and performing, windshield washing, and guarding of parked cars, and increase funding for shelters and assistance for girl victims of human trafficking. - Extend youth employment and vocational training programs to children ages 16 and 17, while ensuring thatthese programs allow children to complete their compulsory schooling. + Extend youth employment and vocational training programs to children ages 16 and 17, while ensuring that these programs allow children to complete their compulsory schooling. - - - + Yes + Yes + Yes @@ -1250,13 +1287,8 @@ agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information abou https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/armenia Europe and Eurasia No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Armenia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Article 33 of the Labor -Code was amended to fully authorize the Health and Labor Inspection Body to -enforce labor laws, including those related to child labor, beginning in July -2021. Article 33 will empower the Health and Labor Inspection Body to issue penalties -for violations and conduct -inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In addition, it opened a new shelter for victims of trafficking in Yerevan and conducted awareness raising on child labor laws. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Armenia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. The government continued to lack a functioning labor inspection mechanism to monitor, inspect, and enforce child labor laws, including a mechanism with the authority to conduct unannounced inspections. The Health and Labor Inspection Body will not be empowered to perform these functions until its new mandate under Article 33 of the Labor Code enters into force in 2021. It mustalso approveinspection checklistsrelatedto child labor before inspectors can begin conducting inspections.Children in Armenia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children alsoengage in child labor in agriculture. The government's failure to approve adraftnational action planimpeded coordination efforts to combat human trafficking.In addition, no government programs exist to aid children engaged in child laborin agriculture. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Armenia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Article 33 of the Labor Code was amended to fully authorize the Health and Labor Inspection Body to enforce labor laws, including those related to child labor, beginning in July 2021. Article 33 will empower the Health and Labor Inspection Body to issue penalties for violations and conduct inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In addition, that agency conducted activities to raise awareness about child labor laws. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Armenia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Armenia has lacked a functioning labor inspectorate since the 2014 repeal of Article 34 of the Labor Code, which previously established the government's authority to implement labor legislation and collective agreements. Since that time, the government has lacked a mechanism to monitor, inspect, and enforce child labor laws, including a mechanism with the authority to conduct unannounced inspections. The Health and Labor Inspection Body will not be empowered to perform these functions until its new mandate under Article 33 of the Labor Code enters into force in 2021. Children in Armenia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. The government’s delay in approving the National Action Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons impeded coordination efforts to combat human trafficking. In addition, no government programs exist to aid children engaged in child labor in agriculture. @@ -1344,7 +1376,7 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad Yes - 16‡ + 16 No Yes @@ -1363,30 +1395,32 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad Unknown - 23 (39,42) - Yes (42) + 23 + Yes Unknown - No (39) - No (39) - 0 (39,42) - 0 (42) - 2(39) - 0 (42) - 0 (42) - No (42) - No (42) - No (39,42) - No (42) - Yes (42) + No + No + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 0 + No + No + No + No + Yes Unknown + No Unknown - Yes (39) - Yes (39) - 2 (42) - 2 (42,46) - 1 (39) - 0(39) - Yes (46) + Yes + Yes + 2 + 2 + 1 + 0 + Yes + No @@ -1402,19 +1436,19 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad - Implement existing witness protection mechanisms to protect victims of child trafficking who cooperate with law enforcement. + Implement existing witness protection mechanisms to protect victims of child trafficking who cooperate with law enforcement. - Draft and approveinspection checkliststhat fully empower the Health and Labor Inspection Body to begin conducting inspections for child labor violations, and ensure that such inspections are conducted. + Draft and approve inspection checklists that fully empower the Health and Labor Inspection Body to conduct inspections for child labor violations in all industries, and ensure that such inspections are carried out. - Make information on the Health and LaborInspection Body’s labor inspectorate funding publicly available. + Publish information on the Health and Labor Inspection Body’s labor inspectorate funding. Strengthen labor inspection by increasing the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensuring that labor inspectors are civil servants rather than contractors. - Protect children by providing law enforcement officials with specialized training on interviewing victims of child trafficking. + Protect children by providing law enforcement officials with specialized training on interviewing victims of child trafficking. Ensure that the Health and Labor Inspection Body is empowered to conduct unannounced inspections, including in response to complaints, and can issue penalties for any child labor violations detected. @@ -1430,13 +1464,13 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad - Ensure that all children, including children in remote areas, those from low-income families and familiesthat travel for seasonal labor,and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have equal access to education. + Ensure that all children, including children in remote areas, those from low-income families and families that travel for seasonal labor, and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have equal access to education. - Increase efforts to prevent institutionalization of children and to ensure that children currently residing in government institutions are not engaged in child labor. + Ensure the availability of out-of-care services for deinstitutionalized children in parallel with increased efforts to prevent institutionalization of children, and ensure that children currently residing in government institutions are not engaged in child labor. - Ensure that mainstream education is accessible to children with special education needs and children with disabilities by improving the accessibility of the physical infrastructure and increasing the availability of special teachers and other specialists for students with mental disabilities. + Ensure that mainstream education is accessible to children with special education needs and children with disabilities by improving the accessibility of the physical infrastructure and increasing the availability of special teachers and other specialists for students with mental disabilities. Implement programs to address child labor in street work and in agriculture. @@ -1450,10 +1484,7 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad - Publish information about activities undertaken to implement policies related to child labor, including the Concept on Combating Violence Against Children, the Annual Program on Protection of Children's Rights, and the Strategic Program for the Protection of Children's Rights. - - - Approve the new National Action Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons (2020–2022) and ensure that the Ministerial Council to Combat Human Trafficking and the Inter-Agency Working Group Against Trafficking in Persons undertake activitiesto implement this policy. + Publish information about activities undertaken to implement policies related to child labor, including the Concept on Combating Violence Against Children, the Annual Program on Protection of Children's Rights, and the Strategic Program for the Protection of Children's Rights. @@ -1468,8 +1499,8 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/azerbaijan Europe and Eurasia No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Azerbaijan made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The governmentimplemented a number of measures to improve access to education for disabled students, including upgrading school infrastructure, conductingawareness-raising for parents oninclusive services, and training school directors and teachers in inclusive methods. In addition, the government conducted research on child labor in three cities and five districts.However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Azerbaijan is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In 2017, the government extended a moratorium on all labor inspections until 2021, whichcontinues to leave potential violations of child labor laws undetected in workplaces. Children in Azerbaijan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation andforced begging. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Legal protections only apply to workers with written employment contracts, leaving self-employed children and children working outside of formal employment relationships vulnerable to exploitation. Furthermore, coordinating bodies, including the State Committee on Family, Women, and Children's Affairs, lack the capacity and clear legal authority to effectively carry out their mandates. In addition, research found limited evidence of government programs to address child labor in agriculture,the sector in which child labor is most prevalent. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Azerbaijan made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government implemented a number of measures to improve access to education for disabled students, including upgrading school infrastructure, raising awareness for parents on inclusive services, and training school directors and teachers in inclusive methods. In addition, the government conducted research on child labor in three cities and five districts. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Azerbaijan is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In 2017, the government extended a moratorium on labor inspections, including worksite inspections, until 2021. While inspectors can respond to complaints, the lack of proactive or onsite inspection mechanisms may leave potential violations of child labor laws undetected in workplaces. Children in Azerbaijan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Legal protections only apply to workers with written employment contracts, leaving self-employed children and children working outside of formal employment relationships vulnerable to exploitation. Furthermore, coordinating bodies, including the State Committee on Family, Women, and Children's Affairs, lack the capacity and clear legal authority to effectively carry out their mandates. In addition, government programs to address child labor in agriculture may be insufficient to address the extent of the problem. Cotton @@ -1584,29 +1615,31 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad Unknown Unknown - Yes (49,50) - Yes (10) + Yes + Yes N/A Yes - 0 (49,50) - 0 (49,50) - 9 (10) - 9 (10) + 0 + 0 + 9 + 9 Unknown - No (49,50) - No (49,50) - No (49,50) - No (49,50) - Yes (4950-51) - Yes (42) - Yes (10) + No + No + No + No + Yes + Yes + No + Yes N/A - Yes (15,30) + Yes Unknown - 3(4) - 8(4) - 1 (4) - Yes (47) + 3 + 8 + 1 + Yes + Yes @@ -1619,22 +1652,22 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad - Resume routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections, including in response to complaints,to ensure that child labor laws are enforced. + Resume routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections, including in response to complaints, to ensure that child labor laws are enforced. - Ensure there is an adequate number of labor inspectors based onthe ILO's technical advice. + Ensure that there is an adequate number of labor inspectors based on the ILO's technical advice. - Ensure that labor inspectors, criminal investigators, and prosecutorsreceive sufficient training on the enforcement of laws pertaining to child labor and commercial sexual exploitation. + Ensure that labor inspectors, criminal investigators, and prosecutors receive sufficient training on the enforcement of laws pertaining to child labor and commercial sexual exploitation. - Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s operations, includingfunding levels and the number of penalties imposed and collected specifically for child labor violations. + Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s operations, including funding levels and the number of penalties collected specifically for child labor violations. Ensure that forcing children to beg is enforced as a criminal offense. - Ensure that children are sent to social centers or other services,as appropriate,so they do not return to child labor. + Ensure that children are sent to social centers or other services, as appropriate, so they do not return to child labor. Ensure that labor law enforcement conducts sufficient child labor investigations outside Baku. @@ -1648,7 +1681,7 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad - Ensure that coordinating mechanisms to research and combat child labor, including the national-level Commission on Juvenile Issues and Protection of Minors' Rights and the State Committee on Family, Women, and Children's Affairs, are empowered to effectively coordinate implementation of child-related policies across different agencies and levels within government. + Ensure that coordinating mechanisms to research and combat child labor, including the national-level Commission on Juvenile Issues and Protection of Minors' Rights and the State Committee on Family, Women, and Children's Affairs, are empowered to effectively coordinate implementation of child-related policies across different agencies and levels within government. Increase coordination between law enforcement agencies. @@ -1662,33 +1695,30 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as forced begging and hazardous work in agriculture. - Approve theNational Action Plan on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and ensure it receives the funding necessary for full implementation of associated programs. + Approve the National Action Plan on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and ensure that it receives the funding necessary for full implementation of associated programs. Revise policies on priority crops that mandate production targets to help prevent child labor in agriculture. - - Publish information on activities undertaken to implement the State Program on Azerbaijani Youth. - - Ensure that children from marginalized groupsand childrenwith disabilities have equal access to education. + Ensure that children from marginalized groups and children with disabilities have equal access to education. - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - Institute programs to address child labor in agriculture and on the streets. + Expand programs to address child labor in agriculture to address the extent of the problem. Ensure that NGO-run shelters for victims of human trafficking are sufficiently and consistently funded to provide adequate services to victims. - Ensure undocumented children are able to access education. + Ensure that undocumented children are able to access education. - Ensureactivities are undertaken to implementthe Targeted Social Assistance Program and theMinistry of Internal Affairs Identification Document Program. + Ensure activities are undertaken to implement social programs for vulnerable children and families and that all eligible families are able to access benefits under these programs. @@ -1704,9 +1734,7 @@ inspections in sectors for which inspection checklists have been approved. In ad Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Bangladesh made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government acceded to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons and established a National Child Labor Monitoring Core Committee to raise awareness of industries in which there is a high risk of child labor. The Ministry of Labor and Employment also removed over 1,000 working children from 558 factories. However, children in Bangladesh engage in the worst -forms of child labor, including forced -child labor in the production of dried fish and bricks. Childrenalso perform dangerous tasks in the production of garments and leather goods.Laws do not cover children working in the informal sector and hazardous work prohibitions are not comprehensive. In addition, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties and, when courts do impose them, thefines are too low to deter child labor law violations. + In 2019, Bangladesh made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government acceded to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons and, through its programs in 2019, removed over 1,000 working children from 558 factories, provided education for 1,254 street children, and rehabilitated 3,501 children. Since 2017, government programs have removed 90,000 children from hazardous labor conditions, and over 35,000 children from exploitative work. Within 15 ministries responsible for children in some way, the government of Bangladesh increased its spending on children by 17 percent between the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 fiscal years. However, children in Bangladesh engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced child labor in the production of dried fish and bricks. Children also perform dangerous tasks in garment and leather goods supply chains. Moreover, The Bangladesh Labor Act does not apply to the informal sector, including child labor, and hazardous work prohibitions are not comprehensive. Additionally, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties and, when courts do impose them, the fines are too low to deter child labor law violations. Bidis (hand-rolled cigarettes) @@ -1878,10 +1906,10 @@ child labor in the production of dried fish and bricks. Childrenalso perform dan No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A No @@ -1903,57 +1931,59 @@ child labor in the production of dried fish and bricks. Childrenalso perform dan - $4,140,000(83) - 302(83) - No (2) - Yes (2) + $4,140,000 + 302 + No + Yes N/A - Yes(83) - 42,703(83) - 42,703(83) - 1,426(83) - 42(83) - 42(83) - Yes(83) - Yes(83) - Yes(83) - Yes(83) - Yes (2) - No (14) - Yes (2) + Yes + 42,703 + 42,703 + 1,426 + 42 + 42 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes N/A - Yes(83) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (15) - No (14) + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Ensure enforcement of citations and penalties for labor law violations, including authorizing the laborinspectorate to assess penalties for child labor law violations and increasing penalties for child labor law violations to be an adequate deterrent. + Ensure enforcement of citations and penalties for labor law violations, including authorizing the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor law violations and increasing penalties for child labor law violations to be an adequate deterrent. Create mechanisms for labor and criminal law enforcement to refer children involved in child labor to appropriate legal and social services and create a mechanism for screening children removed from factories for signs of human trafficking. - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Ensure that labor inspections are conducted with sufficient frequency and during night shifts. - Ensure that law enforcement personnelare investigated, prosecuted, and convicted for offenses related to the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + Ensure that law enforcement personnel are investigated, prosecuted, and convicted for offenses related to the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - Publish information related tocriminal law enforcement, includingthe number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + Publish information related to criminal law enforcement, including the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Provide police with sufficient resources to enforce violations involving human trafficking, forced labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - Ensure that Child Protection Networks aresufficiently funded to provide a functional referral mechanism between law enforcement and social services. + Ensure that Child Protection Networks are sufficiently funded to provide a functional referral mechanism between law enforcement and social services. @@ -1969,43 +1999,40 @@ child labor in the production of dried fish and bricks. Childrenalso perform dan Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Policy. - - - Implement programs that address inadequate access to water and sanitation facilities at schools and prohibitive education costs. - - - Expand programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including developing and implementing programs to address child labor in tanneries and in the informal garment and fish drying industries. - - - Provide sufficient education services for Rohingya refugee children and remove other barriers to their school attendance. - - - Extend the law’s minimum age protections to children working in the informal sector, including in domestic work, on the streets, and in small-scale agriculture. + Extend the law’s minimum age protections to children working in the informal sector, including in domestic work, on the streets, and in small-scale agriculture. Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, in particular by including garment production and fish drying. - Criminally prohibit the use of children for pornographic performances. + Establish criminal prohibitions on the use of children for pornographic performances. - Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, particularly in the production of drugs. + Establish criminal prohibitions on the use of children in illicit activities, particularly in the production of drugs. Establish age 16 as the minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military, with safeguards for voluntariness. - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + Establish criminal prohibitions on the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. Ensure that education is compulsory through eighth grade and is consistent with the minimum age for work. - Amend the national law to reflect the amended Domestic WorkersProtection and Welfare policy. + Amend the national law to reflect the amended Domestic Workers Protection and Welfare policy. + + + Expand programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including developing and implementing programs to address child labor in the informal garment, leather, and fish drying industries. + + + Provide sufficient education services for Rohingya refugee children and remove other barriers to their school attendance. + + Yes @@ -2019,14 +2046,7 @@ child labor in the production of dried fish and bricks. Childrenalso perform dan Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Belize made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate -the worst forms of child labor.The government established a Child Labor Secretariat and Inspectorate to identify, coordinate, and report on child labor cases, andalso created a program to conduct targeted child labor inspections. During the reporting period, theNational Child Labor Committee met regularly andbegan updating their 2009National Child Labor Policy by adding additional protections for children. The government alsocontinued tofundacash assistance program toprevent the commercial sexual exploitation of children.However, children in Belize engage in the -worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, -sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous -tasks in agriculture and construction. The country's minimum age for work is 12 and does not meet international standards.In addition, the country lacks prohibitions against the -use of children in illicit activities and does not appear -to have programs to address child labor in agriculture, except in the -sugar industry. + In 2019, Belize made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established a Child Labor Secretariat and Inspectorate to identify, coordinate, and report on child labor cases, and created a program to conduct targeted child labor inspections. During the reporting period, the National Child Labor Committee met regularly and began updating their 2009National Child Labor Policy by adding additional protections for children. The government also continued to fund a cash assistance program to prevent the commercial sexual exploitation of children. However, children in Belize engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and construction. The country's minimum age for work is 12 and does not meet international standards. In addition, the country lacks prohibitions against the use of children in illicit activities and does not appear to have programs to address child labor in agriculture, except in the sugar industry. Bananas @@ -2126,14 +2146,14 @@ sugar industry. No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes - + 18 No Yes @@ -2151,31 +2171,33 @@ sugar industry. - Unknown (3) - 25 (3) - Yes (3) - N/A(3) - N/A (3) - Yes (3) - 1,020 (3) - 1,020 (3) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - No (3) - N/A (3) - No (3) - 4(1) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - Yes (3) + Unknown + 25 + Yes + N/A + N/A + Yes + 1,020 + 1,020 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + 4 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No @@ -2195,12 +2217,17 @@ sugar industry. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age18 into non-state armed groups. + + + N/A + + - Ensure that law enforcement agencies have sufficient resources, including vehicles, fuel, and inspectors,to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations, especially in rural areas and in areas where children are more vulnerable. + Ensure that law enforcement agencies have sufficient resources, including vehicles, fuel, and inspectors, to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations, especially in rural areas and in areas in which children are more vulnerable. - Prosecute and impose criminal penaltiesfor the worst forms of child labor, and ensure that courts hear and try human trafficking cases. + Prosecute and impose criminal penalties for the worst forms of child labor, and ensure that courts hear and try human trafficking cases. Publish complete information on enforcement efforts to combat child labor, including labor inspectorate funding and the number of criminal investigations. @@ -2209,12 +2236,12 @@ sugar industry. Provide refresher training to inspectors and criminal investigators, including on the worst forms of child labor, and ensure that funding is sufficient to implement adequate training systems. - Ensure thatthe level of inspections and penalties are sufficient to deter child labor law violations. + Ensure that the level of inspections and penalties are sufficient to deter child labor law violations. - Ensure thatregular actions are taken to implement theCARE Modeland National Results Framework for Children and Adolescents (Children’s Agenda) 2017–2030 + N/A @@ -2222,10 +2249,10 @@ sugar industry. Increase access to education by eliminating fees, improving educational facilities, hiring additional qualified teachers, providing textbooks, uniforms, and meals, and addressing language barriers for Spanish-speaking students. - Conduct a comprehensive study of children’s activities to determine whether they are engaged in or at risk for involvement in the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. + Conduct a comprehensive study of children’s activities to determine whether they are engaged in or at risk for involvement in the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. - Implement programs to address commercial sexual exploitation of childrenand programs toassist children working in agriculture, fisheries, or construction. + Implement programs to address commercial sexual exploitation of children and programs to assist children working in agriculture, fisheries, or construction. @@ -2241,7 +2268,7 @@ sugar industry. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Benin made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Departments of Atlantique and Zou issued decrees prohibiting minors from going to bars and brothels in an attempt to eliminate the use of child labor in those establishments. In addition, Benin hired nearly 50 percent more labor inspectors. However, children in Benin engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of cotton and crushed granite as well as in domestic work and street vending. There are many barriers to education access, especially for children with disabilities. In addition, the government did not publicly release information on some of its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts and limited resources for the adequate enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. + In 2019, Benin made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Departments of Atlantique and Zou issued decrees prohibiting minors from going to bars and brothels in an attempt to eliminate the use of child labor in those establishments. In addition, Benin hired nearly 50 percent more labor inspectors than it had last year. However, children in Benin engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of cotton and crushed granite, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work and street vending. There are many barriers to education access, especially for children with disabilities. In addition, the government did not publicly release information on some of its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts and limited resources for the adequate enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. Cotton @@ -2357,31 +2384,33 @@ sugar industry. - $207,000 (3) - 35(25) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - N/A (3) - No (3) - 746 (3) - Unknown (3) - 463 (3) - 2 (25) - 2 (25) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (25,36) - 2 (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - 2 (3) - No (3) + $207,000 + 60 + Yes + Unknown + N/A + No + 746 + Unknown + 463 + 2 + 2 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Yes + Yes + 2 + Unknown + Unknown + 2 + No + Unknown @@ -2389,53 +2418,35 @@ sugar industry. Create meaningful penalties for child trafficking crimes involving labor exploitation. - Raise the compulsory education age to be consistent with the minimum age for employment. + Raise the compulsory education age to be consistent with the minimum age for employment. - Provide initial training for criminal law enforcement officials andrefresher courses on child labor. + Provide initial training for criminal law enforcement officials and refresher courses on child labor. Increase financial resources to enforce laws against child labor. - - Publish data on the number of inspectionsconducted at worksites. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Make operational the mechanism that allowscriminal authorities and social services to reciprocally refer children found in the worst forms of child labor and trafficking. - - - Labor inspectors to target the work sectors where the highest occurrence of child labor is known to be such as quarry mining, agriculture, fishing, gold mining,construction and the informal economy.Labor inspectors should expand their work beyond major cities into rural areas. - - - Publish data on labor law inspections in Benin. - - - Publish data on the number of unannounced inspections conducted during the reporting period. - - - Publish data on the number ofinitial trainings for new criminal investigators. - - - Publish data on the number of criminalviolations found. + Make operational the mechanism that allows criminal authorities and social services to reciprocally refer children found in the worst forms of child labor and trafficking. - Publish data on the number of criminal prosecutions initiated. + Conduct inspections in sectors where the highest occurrence of child labor is known to occur, including in areas outside of major urban areas. - Publish data for imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + Publish data on labor law inspections in Benin including the numbers of inspections conducted at worksites and number of unannounced inspections conducted during the reporting period. - Publish data on criminal law enforcement as it relates to the worst forms of child labor. + Publish criminal law enforcement data as it relates to the worst forms of child labor including violations found, prosecutions initiated, penalties imposed, and number of violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - Take measures to coordinate efforts between the National Executive Committee to Combat Child Labor and the National Commission on Children’s Rights (CNSCPE), ensuring that the committees meet quarterly and coordinate mandates. + Take measures to coordinate efforts between the National Executive Committee to Combat Child Labor and the National Monitoring and Coordination Working Group for Child Protection (CNSCPE), ensuring that the committees meet quarterly and coordinate mandates. Create a formal mechanism to coordinate child labor related to enforcement actions between Ministry of Labor, General Directorate of Labor, and the Central Office for the Protection of Minors. @@ -2443,10 +2454,10 @@ sugar industry. - Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees, ensuring the safety of children in schools, providingaccess to schools for children with disabilities, providing reliable transportation to schools, and increasing birth registration rates. + Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees, ensuring the safety of children in schools, providing access to schools for children with disabilities, providing reliable transportation to schools, and increasing birth registration rates. - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic work, commercial sexual exploitation, and agriculture; andmonitor and report annually on the progress of these programs. + Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic work, commercial sexual exploitation, and agriculture; and monitor and report annually on the progress of these programs. Ensure social programs to address child labor are implemented in accordance with their mandates. @@ -2473,7 +2484,7 @@ sugar industry. Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Bhutan made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government convicted one woman of child trafficking for the purpose of forced labor and adoptedthe Standard Operating Procedure for Multi-Sectoral Response to Address Trafficking in Persons in Bhutan, which defines the roles and responsibilities of each government agency in preventing and responding to trafficking in persons. In addition, the government hired 11 additional labor inspectors. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Bhutan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Bhutan’s minimum age for work is inconsistent with international standards and education is not compulsory. In addition, the government has not adopted a national policy to address child labor, including its worst forms. + In 2019, Bhutan made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government charged one defendant with child trafficking for the purpose of forced labor and adopted the Standard Operating Procedure for Multi-Sectoral Response to Address Trafficking in Persons in Bhutan, which defines the roles and responsibilities of each government agency in preventing and responding to trafficking in persons. In addition, the government hired 11 additional labor inspectors. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Bhutan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Bhutan’s minimum age for work is inconsistent with international standards and education is not compulsory. In addition, the government has not adopted a national policy to address child labor, including its worst forms. @@ -2490,7 +2501,7 @@ sugar industry. 0.033 - 1.007 + 1.0 @@ -2551,10 +2562,10 @@ sugar industry. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -2576,31 +2587,33 @@ sugar industry. - Unknown (2) - 35 (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) + Unknown + 35 + Yes + Yes N/A - Unknown (2) - 2,711 (2) - 2,711 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Unknown (2) + Unknown + 2,711 + 2,711 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown N/A - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - 2(2) - 1 (2) - 2 (2) - Yes (2) + Unknown + Unknown + 2 + 1 + 2 + Yes + Unknown @@ -2614,24 +2627,24 @@ sugar industry. Make primary education compulsory and ensure that the compulsory age extends to the minimum age for employment. - Publish the legal statute that prohibits the recruitment of children under age18 into Bhutan's military. + Make publicly available the legal statute that prohibits the recruitment of children under age18 into Bhutan's military. - Criminally prohibit child trafficking without needingproof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. + Criminally prohibit child trafficking without needing proof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. - Publish labor law enforcement data, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, andwhether new and veteran labor inspectors received refresher training. + Publish labor law enforcement data, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, and whether new and veteran labor inspectors received refresher training. Ensure that the Department of Labor has the resources necessary to enforce labor laws and combat child labor. - Publish information on training provided to criminal investigators, the number of investigations conducted, and whether reciprocal referral mechanisms existed. + Publish information on training provided to criminal investigators, the number of investigations conducted, and the number of penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure thatlabor law enforcement investigationdata aredisaggregated by labor violation type to better target, prevent, and eliminate child labor. + Ensure that labor law enforcement investigation data are disaggregated by labor violation type to better target, prevent, and eliminate child labor. @@ -2647,7 +2660,7 @@ sugar industry. Conduct a national child labor survey and publish the results. - Implement programs to make education more accessible for children living in remote locations, children of nomadic communities and migrant populations, and children with disabilities. + Implement programs to make education more accessible for children living in remote locations, children of nomadic communities and migrant populations, children with disabilities, and stateless children. Create social programs targeting working children, particularly in agriculture, and children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work. @@ -2671,10 +2684,7 @@ sugar industry. Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Bolivia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Justice trained justice sector workers, including judges and prosecuting attorneys, on conducting trials in cases of human trafficking.In addition, the government carried out anti-trafficking awareness campaigns to educate students throughout the country, and the Ombudsman's Office published an evaluation of its efforts to prevent trafficking of children and adolescents, identifying key areas for improvement.However, children -in Bolivia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in mining and commercial -sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also -perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although Bolivian law requires that apprentices attend school, it does not set a minimum age for participation in apprenticeships. In addition, Article 1 of Supreme Decree No. 1875 sets the minimum age for compulsory military service at 17 years, which does not comply with international standards. During the reporting period, political crisis and the implementation of a transitional government may have affected efforts to eradicate the worst forms of child labor. + In 2019, Bolivia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Justice trained judges and prosecuting attorneys on conducting trials in cases of human trafficking. In addition, the government carried out anti- human trafficking awareness campaigns to educate students throughout the country, and the Ombudsman's Office published an evaluation of its efforts to prevent trafficking of children and adolescents, identifying key areas for improvement. However, children in Bolivia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in mining. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in mining. Although Bolivian law requires that apprentices attend school, it does not set a minimum age for participation in apprenticeships. In addition, Article 1 of Supreme Decree No. 1875 sets the minimum age for compulsory military service at 17 years, which does not comply with international standards. During the reporting period, political crisis and the implementation of a transitional government may have affected efforts to eradicate the worst forms of child labor. Brazil Nuts/Chestnuts @@ -2823,7 +2833,7 @@ perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although Bolivian law requires that appr Yes - 16* + 16 No Yes @@ -2835,37 +2845,39 @@ perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although Bolivian law requires that appr Yes - 17‡ + 17 No Yes - $144,665(7) - 102(7) - No(7) - Yes(7) - N/A(7) - Unknown(7) - 145(7) - Unknown(7) - Unknown(7) - Unknown(7) - Unknown(7) - Yes(7) - Yes(7) - Yes(7) - Yes(7) - Yes(7) - Yes(7) - Unknown(7) - Unknown(7) - Unknown(7) - Unknown(7) - Unknown(7) - Unknown(7) - Unknown(7) - Yes(7) + $144,665 + 102 + No + Yes + N/A + Unknown + 145 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -2876,25 +2888,28 @@ perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although Bolivian law requires that appr Ensure that Offices of the Child Advocate publicly report on the number of children authorized to work and the number of children rescued from child labor and referred for social services. - Provide sufficient funding to increase theMinistry of Labor's capacityto ensure the adequate enforcement of child labor laws. + Provide sufficient funding to increase the Ministry of Labor's capacity to ensure the adequate enforcement of child labor laws. - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor, including its worst forms. - Publish information on child labor law enforcement, including the number of children found in child labor as a result of inspections, the number of violations found, the number of penalties imposed and collected, and whether routine inspections were conducted and targeted. + Publish information on child labor law enforcement, including whether inspectors received refresher training, the number of inspections conducted at worksites, the number of child labor violations as a result of inspections, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. + + + Publish information on training for criminal investigators, including whether they receive training on the worst forms of child labor and refresher training; the number of criminal child labor investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and whether penalties were imposed for violations of the worst forms of child labor. - Disaggregate data between inspections involving child labor and criminal investigations involving the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that there are systematized records or a consolidated database on the number of violations found related to child labor. - Provide sufficient funding and training, including training on human trafficking, to criminal law enforcement agencies to ensure adequate enforcement of laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + Provide sufficient training, including training on human trafficking, to criminal law enforcement agencies to ensure adequate enforcement of laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure that victims of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking are not turned out of shelters due to fixed timelines. + Ensure that victims of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking are not cast out of shelters due to fixed timelines. @@ -2902,7 +2917,7 @@ perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although Bolivian law requires that appr Ensure that the National Commission for the Progressive Eradication of Child Labor fulfills its central coordinating role and develops concrete mechanisms to improve coordination among participating agencies and organizations. - Ensure that allMinistry of Labordepartmental sub-commissions designed to combat child labor convene and receive sufficient resources to carry out their functions. + Ensure that all Ministry of Labor departmental sub-commissions designed to combat child labor convene and receive sufficient resources to carry out their functions. Ensure that NGOs participate in the Plurinational Council to Combat the Trafficking and Smuggling of Persons, as required by the Comprehensive Law against Human Trafficking and Smuggling. @@ -2916,7 +2931,7 @@ perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although Bolivian law requires that appr Establish and implement a new National Plan for the Progressive Eradication of Child Labor. - Ensure that all policies that address child labor are active and take actions each reporting period, including theBolivian General Plan for Economic and Social Development. + Ensure that all policies that address child labor are active and take actions each reporting period, including the Bolivian General Plan for Economic and Social Development. Approve and publish an updated version of the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking and Smuggling of Persons. @@ -2960,11 +2975,7 @@ perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although Bolivian law requires that appr Europe and Eurasia Yes Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Bosnia and Herzegovina made amoderate advancement in efforts to -eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The Council of Ministers adopted the 2020–2023 National Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Persons and improved victim access to social services by merging resources for domestic and foreign victims of human trafficking into one fund. The government also launched a project with the Council of Europe to prevent and combat human trafficking. However, children in Bosnia and -Herzegovina engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced -begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking.In addition, the Anti-Trafficking Strike Force lacks -coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakeholders, and border police officers and social workers failed to properly identify unaccompanied migrant and refugee children as potential victims of human traffickingdue to a lack of proper protocols. Furthermore, laws on the minimum age for workdo not meet international standards becausetheydo not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships.UnwrapUnwrapnot apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. + In 2019, Bosnia and Herzegovina made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Council of Ministers adopted the 2020–2023 National Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Persons and improved victim access to social services by merging resources for domestic and foreign victims of human trafficking into one fund. The government also launched a project with the Council of Europe to prevent and combat human trafficking. However, children in Bosnia and Herzegovina engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The Anti-Trafficking Strike Force lacks coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakeholders, and border police officers and social workers failed to properly identify unaccompanied migrant and refugee children as potential victims of human trafficking due to a lack of proper protocols. Furthermore, laws on the minimum age for work do not meet international standards because they do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. Unwrap not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. @@ -3021,8 +3032,8 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol No - Brčko District (BD) - Brčko District (BD) + Brčko District (BD) + Brčko District (BD) No 15 No @@ -3047,8 +3058,8 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Yes - Brčko District - Brčko District + Br\u+010Dko District + Br\u+010Dko District Yes 18 No @@ -3073,8 +3084,8 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Yes - Brčko District - Brčko District + Br\u+010Dko District + Br\u+010Dko District Yes No @@ -3107,8 +3118,8 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Yes - Brčko District - Brčko District + Br\u+010Dko District + Br\u+010Dko District Yes No @@ -3141,8 +3152,8 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Yes - Brčko District - Brčko District + Br\u+010Dko District + Br\u+010Dko District Yes No @@ -3175,8 +3186,8 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Yes - Brčko District - Brčko District + Br\u+010Dko District + Br\u+010Dko District Yes No @@ -3209,8 +3220,8 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Yes - Brčko District - Brčko District + Br\u+010Dko District + Br\u+010Dko District Yes No @@ -3221,10 +3232,10 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol BiH, FBIH, RS, BD BiH, FBIH, RS, BD - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A @@ -3252,7 +3263,7 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes @@ -3265,8 +3276,8 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Yes - Brčko District - Brčko District + Br\u+010Dko District + Br\u+010Dko District Yes 15 No @@ -3277,12 +3288,10 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Brčko District + Brčko District Unknown - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina @@ -3293,152 +3302,403 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Republika Srpska Unknown + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + - Brčko District - Brčko District + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska Unknown - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes (2425-26) + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Brčko District + Brčko District Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska Unknown - - + + - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Brčko District + Brčko District Unknown - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska Unknown - - + + - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Brčko District + Brčko District Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska Unknown - - + + - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Brčko District + Brčko District Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes (2425-26) + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska Unknown - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Unknown - - - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska Unknown - - + + - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + Brčko District + Brčko District Unknown - - - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - Yes(2) + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes + + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Unknown - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina Unknown + + Brčko District + Brčko District + 5 + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + 5 + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + 5 + - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska Unknown @@ -3446,11 +3706,21 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina + 3 + + + Brčko District + Brčko District Unknown - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska Unknown @@ -3458,26 +3728,73 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina - Unknown + 0 - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown + Brčko District + Brčko District + 4 + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + 4 + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + 4 - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Unknown + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unknown + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Unknown + + - Ensure thatthe minimum age for work applies to all children, including those who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. Ensure that BiH law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. @@ -3494,16 +3811,16 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol - Collect and publish information on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, number of inspections conducted, and number of prosecutions and convictions. + Collect and publish information on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, number of inspections conducted, and number of prosecutions and convictions. Ensure that labor inspectors receive training on all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including hazardous work in agriculture. - Ensure that children are not penalized for being victims of the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that children are not penalized for being victims of the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure thatlaw enforcement, judiciary officials, and social service providers are trained ongovernment protocols in detecting cases of child trafficking, including trafficking of migrant and refugeechildren,and are able to properly identify victims, classify violations, use referral mechanisms, and prosecute offenders according to the law. + Ensure that law enforcement, judiciary officials, and social service providers are trained on government protocols in detecting cases of child trafficking, including trafficking of migrant and refugee children, and are able to properly identify victims, classify violations, use referral mechanisms, and prosecute offenders according to the law. Create an official mechanism for referring children identified during labor inspections to social service providers. @@ -3511,7 +3828,7 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol - Ensure thatall relevant ministries are represented in the Anti-Trafficking Strike Force and allocate sufficient funding to enable coordination and documentation of active investigations. + Ensure that all relevant ministries are represented in the Anti-Trafficking Strike Force and allocate sufficient funding to enable coordination and documentation of active investigations. Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to implement their mandates. @@ -3519,13 +3836,13 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol - Adopt a policy designed to address child labor and its worst forms, including for forced labor and illicit activities, and include an action plan to address forced begging for the children of the Roma population. + Adopt a policy designed to address child labor and its worst forms, particularly forced labor and illicit activities, and include an action plan to address forced begging for the children of the Roma population. + + Ensure that inclusive education initiatives receive adequate funding. - - Ensure that all children have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, accommodating children with disabilities, and preventing discrimination of minority students. @@ -3533,16 +3850,16 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Ensure that all children have access to birth registration or identity documentation required to enroll in school. - Strengthen social protection measures by ensuring that programs such as the Daily Centers and Centers for Social Welfare receive adequate financial and technical resources to assist vulnerable families and victims of child labor. + Strengthen social protection measures by ensuring that programs such as the Daily Centers and Centers for Social Welfare receive adequate financial and technical resources to assist vulnerable families and victims of child labor. - Ensure sufficient resources to provide social services and education to potential and actual victims of domestic or international human trafficking, including unaccompaniedminors. + Ensure sufficient resources to provide social services and education to potential and actual victims of domestic or international human trafficking, including unaccompanied minors. Allow all Bosniak children in RS to access education in the Bosniak language and remove the "Two Schools Under One Roof" practice to eliminate discrimination in schools based on ethnicity in FBiH. - Ensure that the UNICEF Country Program and theUN Program and Common Budgetary Framework is active and completes its mandate. + Ensure that the UNICEF Country Program and the UN Program and Common Budgetary Framework is active and completes its mandate. Ensure that government support for outreach to street children extends beyond Sarajevo. @@ -3561,15 +3878,7 @@ coordination between prosecutors, police, and other relevant government stakehol Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Botswana made a -minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. -During the year, the government conducted trainings related to counteringtrafficking in persons and exploitation of children. However, children in -Botswana engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual -exploitation, cattle herding, and domestic -work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Key gaps remain in the country’s legal framework, including the lack of -a minimum age for compulsory education and insufficient prohibitions for -hazardous work. In addition, social programs do not always reach intended child -labor victims, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work. + In 2019, Botswana made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the year, the government conducted trainings related to countering trafficking in persons and exploitation of children. However, children in Botswana engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, cattle herding, and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Key gaps remain in the country’s legal framework, including the lack of a minimum age for compulsory education and insufficient prohibitions for hazardous work. In addition, social programs do not always reach intended child labor victims, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work. @@ -3647,10 +3956,10 @@ labor victims, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work.Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -3672,36 +3981,38 @@ labor victims, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work. - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - No(2) - Unknown(10) - Unknown(10) - Unknown(10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - 0(8) - 0(8) - 0(8) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes(10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) - Unknown (10) - 0 (10) - 0 (10) - 0 (10) - Yes (10) + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + 0 - Establish provisions specifying the types of lightwork acceptable for children age 14. + Establish provisions specifying the types of light work acceptable for children age 14. Ensure that the hazardous work list extends to work that involves dangerous machinery, equipment, and tools. @@ -3715,24 +4026,24 @@ labor victims, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work.Authorize labor inspectors to assess penalties for labor violations. - Publish informationregardinglabor law enforcement efforts, including inspectorate funding, the size of the labor inspectorate, trainings, and number of inspections, including inspections at worksites. + Publish information regarding labor law enforcement efforts, including inspectorate funding, the size of the labor inspectorate, trainings, and number of inspections, including inspections at worksites. - Publish information about the number of criminal law enforcement trainings and investigations for inclusion in this report. + Publish information about the number of criminal law enforcement trainings and investigations. - Ensure thatlabor inspectors are authorized and abletoconduct inspectionsatfarms anddomestic households. + Ensure that labor inspectors are authorized and able to conduct inspections at farms and domestic households. Ensure that labor inspections are occurring across all regions. - Publish information on the number of complaints related to the worst forms of child labor received through theMELSD andthe BSP toll-freehotlines. + Publish information on the number of complaints related to the worst forms of child labor received through the Ministry of Employment, Labour Productivity and Skills Development and the Botswana Police Service toll-free hotlines. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies, such as the Education and Training Sector Strategic Plan, Botswana National Youth Policy, and National Action Plan for Youth. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies, such as the Education and Training Sector Strategic Plan, the Botswana National Youth Policy, and the National Action Plan for Youth. Ensure the implementation of key policies related to prevention and elimination of the worst forms of child labor, including the National Action Plan on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor. @@ -3743,24 +4054,24 @@ labor victims, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work.Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - Develop programs to fully address the scope of child labor incommercial sexual exploitation,domestic work, and cattle herding. + Develop programs to fully address the scope of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and cattle herding. Establish official government-run shelters to assist child victims. - Enhance efforts to remove educational barriers and make education accessible for all childrenby taking measures to address physical and sexual violence in schools, increasing resources for students with disabilities,and ensuring that children can enroll in school regardless of their ability to provide identification documents. + Enhance efforts to remove educational barriers and make education accessible for all children by taking measures to address physical and sexual violence in schools, increasing resources for students with disabilities, and ensuring that children can enroll in school regardless of their ability to provide identification documents. - Enhance educational access for all children by defraying costs for uniforms and school materials. + Enhance educational access for all children by defraying costs for uniforms and school materials. - Ensure the implementation ofexisting social programs to address child labor. + Ensure the implementation of existing social programs to address child labor. - Ensure that the Ministry of Defense, Justice, and Security receives sufficient trainingand that there is increased coordination among agencies to address victims of human trafficking. + Ensure that the Ministry of Defense, Justice, and Security receives sufficient training and that there is increased coordination among agencies to address victims of human trafficking. Ensure that the Ministry of Defense, Justice, and Security provides rehabilitation services for human trafficking victims. @@ -3782,9 +4093,7 @@ labor victims, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work.Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, -Brazil made amoderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child -labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty List”containing information on employers that the Ministry ofEconomy has found to be using slave labor, including that of children. The Labor Prosecution Serviceand the Federal Police also signed a 3-year technical cooperation agreement to combat child labor and forced labor, with the aimof increasingboth agencies' technical capacity,while also providing access to each other's databases formore efficientinformation exchange. In addition, national, state, and local governments conducted a wide range of awareness-raising campaigns throughout the year, including a national meeting on combating child labor during which participants collaborated on a coordinating agenda to better promote education and combat child labor. Moreover, the Labor Prosecutor’s Office and the Labor Inspection Unit at the Ministry of Economy promoted theFourth National Apprenticeship Week, a program that has significantly contributed in reducing child labor in the country, and the Ministry of Social Development in Pernambuco State assisted 8,932 victims of child labor.However, children in Brazil engage in the worst forms of child labor, includingin commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Although Brazil made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, prohibitions against child trafficking for forced labor exploitationrequire the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or abuse to be established for the crime of child trafficking and, therefore, do not meet international labor standards. In addition, there are likely not enough labor inspectors to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce, and local governments lack the capacity to fully implement and monitor the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor, the family stipend program Bolsa Família, and other social protection programs. + In 2019, Brazil made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published two updated versions of the national “Dirty List "containing information on employers that the Ministry of Economy has found to be using slave labor, including that of children. The Labor Prosecution Service and the Federal Police also signed a 3-year technical cooperation agreement to combat child labor and forced labor, with the aim of increasing both agencies' technical capacity, while also providing access to each other's databases for more efficient information exchange. In addition, national, state, and local governments conducted a wide range of awareness-raising campaigns throughout the year, including a national meeting on combating child labor during which participants collaborated on a coordinating agenda to better promote education and combat child labor. Moreover, the Labor Prosecutor’s Office and the Labor Inspection Unit at the Ministry of Economy promoted the Fourth National Apprenticeship Week, a program that has significantly contributed in reducing child labor in the country, and the Ministry of Social Development in Pernambuco State assisted 8,932 victims of child labor. However, children in Brazil engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Although Brazil made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, prohibitions against child trafficking for forced labor exploitation require the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or abuse to be established for the crime of child trafficking and, therefore, do not meet international labor standards. In addition, there are likely not enough labor inspectors to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce, and local governments lack the capacity to fully implement and monitor the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor, the family stipend program Bolsa Família, and other social protection programs. Bananas @@ -3837,7 +4146,7 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty Coffee Yes - No + Yes No @@ -3930,12 +4239,6 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty No No - - Coffee - No - Yes - No - @@ -4042,30 +4345,32 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty Unknown - 2,168 (13) - Yes (13) - N/A (13) - N/A (13) - Yes (13) + 2,168 + Yes + N/A + N/A + Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - N/A (13) - Yes (13) - Unknown (13) - Unknown (13) - Unknown (13) - Unknown (13) - Yes (13) + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -4084,20 +4389,17 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty Publish complete labor law and criminal law enforcement data. - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - Collect and track data on cases regarding human trafficking for sexual exploitation and ensure that the dataare disaggregated by victims’ ages. + Ensure relevant enforcement agencies are able to coordinate on their efforts to collect data on cases regarding human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and ensure that the data are disaggregated by victims’ ages. - Ensure that all violators of child labor laws, including the worst forms of child labor, are held accountable in accordance with the law. + Ensure that all violators of child labor laws, including the worst forms of child labor, are held accountable in accordance with the law. Impose penalties for convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. - - Ensure that fines for child labor violations are sufficiently stringent,and that fines collected for these violations continue to be directed toward victim assistance programs. - @@ -4106,7 +4408,7 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty - Implement key policies related to child labor and provide adequate resources for their implementation. + Implement key policies related to child labor and provide adequate resources for their implementation. @@ -4117,7 +4419,7 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty Expand the accessibility of birth registration services in remote areas and ensure that indigenous communities are aware of the benefits of birth registration. - Supportlocal governments in the implementation andmonitoring of the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor and Bolsa Família. + Support local governments in the implementation and monitoring of the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor and Bolsa Família. Provide adequate resources to state governments to ensure that child trafficking victims receive appropriate social services, and ensure the availability of specialized shelters for child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. @@ -4136,7 +4438,7 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty Europe and Eurasia No No Advancement - Althoughresearch found no evidence that child labor exists in the British Virgin Islands, in 2019 the government made no advancement in efforts toprevent the worst forms of child labor.The British Virgin Islands does not have a list of hazardous work prohibited for children and does not prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the British Virgin Islands, in 2019 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The British Virgin Islands does not have a list of hazardous work prohibited for children and does not prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. @@ -4214,16 +4516,16 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty No - N/A*† + N/A No - N/A*† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -4238,6 +4540,35 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty Yes + + N/A + 1 + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + @@ -4253,6 +4584,21 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Ensure that all children can attend school by eliminating prohibitive school costs and violence in schools. @@ -4274,10 +4620,7 @@ labor. The government publishedtwo updated versions of the national “Dirty Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Burkina Faso -made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child -labor.The government adopted a National Strategy toEnd the Worst Forms of Child Labor and aNational Strategy for Children Protection. However, children in Burkina Faso engage in the worst forms of child labor, including farming and commercial sexual exploitation,sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in cotton harvesting. The Labor Code does not identify the activities in which children may engage in light work. The government also did not release information on its criminal and labor enforcement efforts and lacked resources for the enforcement of child labor -laws. + In 2019, Burkina Faso made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted a National Strategy to End the Worst Forms of Child Labor and a National Strategy for Children Protection. However, children in Burkina Faso engage in the worst forms of child labor, including farming and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in cotton harvesting. The Labor Code does not identify the activities in which children may engage in light work. The government also did not release information on its criminal and labor enforcement efforts and lacked resources for the enforcement of child labor laws. Cotton @@ -4374,10 +4717,10 @@ laws. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -4400,8 +4743,8 @@ laws. Unknown - Unknown - Yes (29,37) + N/A + Yes Unknown N/A Unknown @@ -4412,34 +4755,36 @@ laws. Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (29,37) + Yes Unknown Unknown - Yes (5) + Yes + Unknown Unknown - Unknown + N/A Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown + Unknown - Ensure that laws determine the activities in which light work may be permitted. + Ensure that laws determine the activities in which light work may be permitted. - Ensure a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services is operational. + Ensure a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services is operational. Ensure that labor law enforcement receives sufficient resources to fulfill their mandates, including by conducting an adequate number of inspections and following up after preliminary inspections to ensure remediation of notices to comply with labor law obligations. - Publish statistics on the enforcement of child labor laws, including the labor inspectorate's funding, number of inspectors, number and type of labor inspections conducted andlabor violations found,and penalties imposed and collected. + Publish statistics on the enforcement of child labor laws, including the labor inspectorate's funding, number of inspectors, number and type of labor inspections conducted and labor violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. Include the number of child labor infractions in the Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Social Security annual report. @@ -4465,9 +4810,14 @@ laws. Enhance coordination and collaboration processes and procedures among ministries, law enforcement, and social services. + + + N/A + + - Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees and costs,and increasing the number of schools and teachers in rural areas. + Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees and costs, and increasing the number of schools and teachers in rural areas. Make efforts to register children at birth to ensure access to social services, including education. @@ -4494,8 +4844,8 @@ laws. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burma Asia and the Pacific No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2019, Burma is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Although Burma made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, government officials were complicit in the use of forced child labor. Despite these initiatives to address child labor, and although the forced recruitment of children into the national armed forces reportedly declined in 2019, Burma is receiving an assessment of no advancement because there is a lack of evidence that the government fully ceased this practice and released all children. The government's "self-reliance" policy also created an ongoing risk of forced labor in conflict areas because the national armed forces continued to coerce civilians, including children, to work as porters, cleaners, and cooks in conflict areas. In addition, several armed ethnic groups recruited and used children, including as combatants in armed conflict. During the government passed the Child Rights Law and established the National Committee for the Rights of the Child to institute the policies, guidelines, and measures needed to implement the law. The government also ratified the United Nation’s Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Children in Burma engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced recruitment in armed conflict and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The vulnerability of Rohingya children to the worst forms of child labor also increased as many were denied access to education through government restrictions on movement. In addition, penalties for recruiting and using children in the military are not sufficient for the seriousness of the crime, and the government did not publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict cases involving the worst forms of child labor. + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2019, Burma is receiving an assessment of no advancement. During the reporting period, the government enacted the Child Rights Law and established the National Committee for the Rights of the Child to institute the policies, guidelines, and measures needed to implement the law. It also ratified the United Nation’s Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict and, in April 2019, released the results of the Labor Force Survey. Furthermore, the recruitment of children into the national armed forces for use in armed conflict declined markedly in 2019; due to positive steps taken by the government to work towards fully eliminating the recruitment of children into the national military, in June 2020 the United Nations delisted the national military for the violation of use and recruitment of child soldiers from Annex 1 of the annual Secretary General’s Report on Children and Armed Conflict. Despite these commendable efforts, however, Burma is receiving an assessment of no advancement because the national armed forces continued to force civilians, including at least 197 children, to work as porters, cleaners, cooks, and agricultural laborers in the conflict areas of Kachin, Rakhine, and Shan states during the reporting period, and made no known efforts to hold criminally accountable those military personnel involved in these practices. Children in Burma engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced recruitment and use in armed conflict by non-state armed groups and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The vulnerability of Rohingya children to the worst forms of child labor also increased as many were denied access to education through government restrictions on their movement. Penalties for recruitment and use of children by the military or for the military’s use of civilian populations for forced labor are not sufficient for the seriousness of the crime, and the government did not publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict cases involving the worst forms of child labor. Although the government provided anecdotal information on criminal law enforcement efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict cases involving child labor via Facebook and national media in 2019, it did not regularly publish comprehensive statistics on its efforts to address such crimes. Bamboo @@ -4661,10 +5011,10 @@ laws. No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -4680,113 +5030,112 @@ laws. No - 10‡ + 10 No No - Unknown (2) - 151 (2) - Yes (2) + Unknown + 151 + Yes Unknown Unknown - Yes (2) - 44,912 (2) - Unknown (2) - 0 (2) - N/A (2) - N/A (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - No (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) + Yes + 44,912 + Unknown + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + 11388 + Unknown + Unknown + 72 + 8 + 44 + 106 + Yes + Yes - + - Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + Cease the practice of compelled forced labor of civilians, including children, by the military in conflict areas. - Establish a minimum age for work of at least 14 yearsfor all sectors. + Develop and implement education programs that reduce physical barriers for children who livelong distances from schools and eliminate prohibitive expenses for attending school. - Establish a minimum age of 18 for hazardous work. + Remove all restrictions on Rohingya access to education, including school segregation, travel restrictions, and barriers to enroll in school. - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive by including all sectors and activities in which children engage in hazardous work. + Develop and implement programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including forced child labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - Prohibit all forms of child commercial sexual exploitation, including procuring and offering of children for the production of pornographyand pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law does not require a demonstration of force, fraud, or coercion to constitute a child trafficking offense. + Ensure that conditions are safe in Rakhine State for the voluntary return of Rohingya refugees, including children in Bangladesh. - Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + Provide legal status to the Rohingya, including children, to decrease their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor. + + - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work, as established by international standards. + Ensure frequent and regular communication and coordination across all government ministries related to the worst forms of child labor. + + - Publish the implementing regulations for the Child Rights Law anda comprehensive hazardous work list. + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as armed conflict by state and non-state armed groups, hazardous work, forced child labor, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + - Finalize and implement theOccupational Safety and Health Bill regulationbylaws. + Establish a minimum age for work of at least 14 years for all sectors. - - - Cease the military’s continued use of children in its armed forces, including for forced labor in conflict areas. + Establish a minimum age of 18 for hazardous work. - Develop and implement education programs that reduce physical barriers for children who livelong distancesfrom schools and eliminate prohibitiveexpenses for attending school. + Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive by including all sectors and activities in which children engage in hazardous work. - Remove all restrictions on Rohingya access to education, including school segregation, travel restrictions, andbarriers toenroll in school. + Prohibit all forms of child commercial sexual exploitation, including procuring and offering of children for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. - Develop and implement programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including the recruitment of children by state and non-state armed groups, forced child labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + Ensure that the law does not require a demonstration of force, fraud, or coercion to constitute a child trafficking offense. - Ensure that conditions are safe in Rakhine State for the voluntary return of Rohingya refugees, including children in Bangladesh. + Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - Provide legal status to the Rohingya, including children,to decrease their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work, as established by international standards. - - - Ensure frequent and regular communication and coordination across all government ministries related to the worst forms of child labor. + Publish the implementing regulations for the Child Rights Law and a comprehensive hazardous work list. - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as armed conflict by state and non-state armed groups, hazardous work, forced child labor, and commercial sexual exploitation. + Finalize and implement the Occupational Safety and Health Bill regulation by laws. - + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Ensure that the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief, and Resettlementhas sufficient resources to provide services to victims of the worst forms of child labor, including reintegration support at the Department of Relief and Rehabilitation and increasing the number of case managers at the Department of Social Welfare. + Ensure that the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement has sufficient resources to provide services to victims of the worst forms of child labor, including reintegration support at the Department of Relief and Rehabilitation and increasing the number of case managers at the Department of Social Welfare. Establish a permanent referral mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social services. - Publish data related to labor law enforcement, includingthe amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, whether initial training for labor inspectors was offered, whether there was training on new laws related to child labor, thenumber of inspections conducted at worksites, and the number of targeted routine inspections. + Publish data related to labor law enforcement, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, whether initial training for labor inspectors was offered, whether there was training on new laws related to child labor, the number of inspections conducted at worksites, and the number of targeted routine inspections. Ensure that the penalties for the recruitment and use of children in the military are appropriate for the seriousness of the crime. @@ -4795,19 +5144,19 @@ laws. Ensure that the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Division of the Myanmar Police Force has sufficient resources to hire and train officers to ensure all areas of the country are covered. - Publish data related to criminal law enforcement, including training for investigators, the number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor, and the status of referral mechanisms between criminal authorities and social services. + Publish data related to criminal law enforcement, including training on new laws and refresher courses offered for investigators. - Improve military oversight and monitoring of recruitment procedures to prevent the recruitment of children. + Continue to improve military oversight and monitoring of recruitment procedures to prevent the recruitment of children. - Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department's mandate allows for inspections to occur in all sectorsin whichchild labor is known to occur including agriculture, mining, and fishing. + Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department's mandate allows for inspections to occur in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur including agriculture, mining, and fishing. Ensure that prior notice of unannounced inspections are not given to factory owners, inspectors conduct thorough inspections that include talking with workers, provide inspections in a timely manner, and consistently enforce labor laws when a violation is found. - Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department hassufficient funding to cover transportation costs to remote areas, equipment forlabor inspector offices, including furniture,and maintaining up-to-date data on the labor market. + Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department has sufficient funding to cover transportation costs to remote areas, equipment for labor inspector offices, including furniture, and maintaining up-to-date data on the labor market. @@ -4823,13 +5172,7 @@ laws. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Burundi made a moderate advancement -in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government worked on revisions to its Labor Code in order toalign with international standards on child labor and launched a partnership with theInternational Organization for Migration to improve coordinationbetween government ministries, the National Police, and civil society organizationsto address human trafficking. It also published labor inspection data for the first time, conducted inspections in all provinces, and continued to fund the Centers for Family Development, which provide reintegration services for victims. However, -children in Burundi engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in -commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in -gold mining. Burundi lacks a compulsory education age that is equal to the minimum age for work and the government failed to provide criminal law enforcement data. In addition, other challenges remain, including a lack of resources to -conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations; alack of well-trained educators, materials, and infrastructure in the education sector; and insufficient social programs to address -child labor. + In 2019, Burundi made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government worked on revisions to its Labor Code to align with international standards on child labor and launched a partnership with the International Organization for Migration to improve coordination between government ministries, the National Police, and civil society organizations to address human trafficking. It also published labor inspection funding data for the first time, conducted inspections in all provinces, and continued to fund the Centers for Family Development, which provide reintegration services for victims. However, children in Burundi engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Burundi lacks a compulsory education age that is equal to the minimum age for work and the government failed to provide comprehensive criminal law enforcement data related to the worst forms of child labor. Other challenges remain, including a lack of resources to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations; alack of well-trained educators, and infrastructure in the education sector; and insufficient social programs to address child labor. @@ -4907,10 +5250,10 @@ child labor. No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -4932,31 +5275,33 @@ child labor. - $2,650 (3) - 43 (3) - Yes (3) - No (3) + $2,650 + 43 + Yes + No N/A - No (3) - 397 (3) - 397 (3) - 1 (3) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - Yes (3) - No (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) + No + 397 + 397 + 1 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -4973,7 +5318,7 @@ child labor. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Ensure that all children are protected from hazardous work activities, including in agriculture, that have hazardous conditions and in which child labor is known to occur. + Ensure that all children are protected from hazardous work activities, including in agriculture, which have hazardous conditions and in which child labor is known to occur. Publish the law establishing compulsory education for public review. @@ -4982,24 +5327,24 @@ child labor. Raise the minimum age for light work to13 to comply with international standards. - Amend the labor code to integrate the worst forms of child labor as unique labor violations from other labor abuses, in order to ensure appropriate penalties can be assessed in cases of child labor violations. + Amend the labor code to integrate the worst forms of child labor as unique labor violations from other labor abuses, to ensure appropriate penalties can be assessed in cases of child labor violations. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - Provide sufficient fundingand resources to the Directorate of Labor and Professional Development to cover needs such asfuel costs, per diem, office supplies, and vehicles. + Provide sufficient funding and resources to the Directorate of Labor and Professional Development to cover needs such as fuel costs, per diem, office supplies, and vehicles. - Ensure that targeted inspections occur and that inspectionstake place in the informal and agricultural sectors where child labor is most prevalent. + Ensure that targeted inspections occur and that inspections take place in the informal and agricultural sectors in which child labor is most prevalent. - Publish information on training forcriminalenforcement investigators, andthe number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, and imposed penaltiesrelated to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws. + Publish information on training for criminal enforcement investigators, and the number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, and imposed penalties related to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws. - Ensure new laborinspectors receive adequate training and all inspectors receive regular refresher courses on child labor issues. + Ensure new labor inspectors receive adequate training and all inspectors receive regular refresher courses on child labor issues. Expand labor law enforcement coverage by ensuring the presence of labor inspectors in all 18 of Burundi's provinces. @@ -5012,6 +5357,9 @@ child labor. Establish a coordinating mechanism to address the worst forms of child labor or re-enact the National Multi-Sector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor. + + Ensure the viability of established coordinating mechanisms by dedicating regular funding for their operation. + @@ -5039,13 +5387,7 @@ child labor. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In -2019, Cabo Verde made amoderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor. The government increased the number of labor inspectors by 50 percent, and implemented a Child Protection Information and Case Management System, which aims to identify and trackvictims ofthe worst forms of child labor, includingchild victims of commercial sexual exploitation. In addition, the Cabo VerdeanInstitute for Children and Adolescents, in collaboration with the United Nations Children's Fund, drafted a Child Protection Policy. However, children in Cabo Verde engage in the worst forms of -child labor, includingin commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous -tasks in construction. Law enforcement officials lackthe necessary resources to follow up on investigations, and communicationamongenforcement agencies is still limited.In addition, social programs to assist children involved -in agriculture and domestic work are not sufficient to address the scope of the -problem. + In 2019, Cabo Verde made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased the number of labor inspectors by 50 percent, and implemented a Child Protection Information and Case Management System, which aims to identify and track victims of the worst forms of child labor, including child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. In addition, the Cabo Verdean Institute for Children and Adolescents, in collaboration with the United Nations Children's Fund, drafted a Child Protection Policy. However, children in Cabo Verde engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction. Law enforcement officials lack the necessary resources to follow up on investigations, and communication among enforcement agencies is still limited. In addition, social programs to assist children involved in agriculture and domestic work are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem. @@ -5145,37 +5487,39 @@ problem. Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - Unknown(3) - 21 (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) + Unknown + 21 + Yes + Yes N/A - Yes (3) - 1,300 (3) - 1,300 (3) + Yes + 1,300 + 1,300 Unknown - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (26) + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes N/A - Yes (26) + Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (3) + Yes + Unknown @@ -5183,6 +5527,11 @@ problem. Prescribe by law the number of hours per week and conditions under which light work may be undertaken. + + + N/A + + Conduct awareness-raising activities on human trafficking, including child sex tourism, on all nine inhabited islands. @@ -5195,16 +5544,16 @@ problem. - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive sufficient financial and human resourcestoenforce child laborlaws on all islands, including in the informal sector,and that all inhabited islands benefit from the presence of the Inspector General for Labor and the Judicial Police. + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive sufficient financial and human resources to enforce child labor laws on all islands, including in the informal sector, and that all inhabited islands benefit from the presence of the Inspector General for Labor and the Judicial Police. - Make labor andcriminal enforcement data publicly available, including information on the number of violations, investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and imposed penalties related to the worst forms of child labor. + Make labor and criminal enforcement data publicly available, including information on the number of violations, investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and imposed penalties related to the worst forms of child labor. - Develop a system to compile and share comprehensive anti-trafficking law enforcement and victim identification data among agenciesand preventcompromising the legal process. + Develop a system to compile and share comprehensive anti-trafficking law enforcement and victim identification data among agencies and prevent compromising the legal process. - Ensure thatthe judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to beprosecuted in a timely manner. + Ensure that the judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be prosecuted in a timely manner. @@ -5219,8 +5568,8 @@ problem. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cambodia Asia and the Pacific No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Cambodia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government, in conjunction with the ILO, conducted its first nationwide survey of child labor since 2012, with data scheduled for release in 2020. In addition, the government signed an agreement expanding funding to allow the International Labor Organization's Better Factories Cambodia program to extend its monitoring mandate to additional sectors, including to formal subcontracting factories where child labor is found. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Cambodia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because the government failed to take active measures to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials who participate in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation of children and debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. In addition, during the reporting period, judges were allegedly reported to have accepted bribes in return for dismissal of charges, acquittal, and reduced sentencing forindividuals committing such crimes, especially for those with alleged ties to the government; this made children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Cambodia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in brickmaking andin commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Insufficient resources may hamper the labor inspectorate's capacity to enforce child labor laws, especially in rural areas where the majority of child laborers work. In addition, continuing challenges in accessing basic education and the absence of a compulsory education requirement increase children's vulnerability to involvement in the worst forms of child labor. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Cambodia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government, in conjunction with the ILO, conducted its first nationwide survey of child labor since 2012, with data scheduled for release in 2020. In addition, the government signed an agreement expanding funding to allow the International Labor Organization's Better Factories Cambodia program to extend its monitoring mandate to additional sectors, including to formal subcontracting factories where child labor is found. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Cambodia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because the government failed to take active measures to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials who participate in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation of children and debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. In addition, during the reporting period, judges were allegedly reported to have accepted bribes in return for dismissal of charges, acquittal, and reduced sentencing for individuals committing such crimes, especially for those with alleged ties to the government; this made children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Cambodia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in brickmaking and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Insufficient resources may hamper the labor inspectorate's capacity to enforce child labor laws, especially in rural areas where the majority of child laborers work. In addition, continuing challenges in accessing basic education and the absence of a compulsory education requirement increase children's vulnerability to involvement in the worst forms of child labor. Alcoholic Beverages @@ -5229,11 +5578,17 @@ problem. No - Bricks + Bovines Yes No No + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + No + Fish Yes @@ -5294,18 +5649,6 @@ problem. No No - - Bovines - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - No - Yes - Yes - @@ -5411,42 +5754,44 @@ problem. - $100,000 (11) - 649 (11) - Yes (11) - Yes (11) - N/A (11) - Yes (11) - 7,123 (11) - 3,284 (11) - 3 (11) - 3 (11) - 3 (11) - Yes (11) - Yes (11) - Yes (11) - Yes (11) - Yes (11) - Yes (11) - Yes (11) - N/A (11) - Yes (11) - 7 (11) - 30 (11) - Unknown (11) - Unknown (11) - Yes (11) + $100,000 + 649 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 7,123 + 3,284 + 3 + 3 + 3 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 7 + 30 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Provide sufficient resources,including transportation costs,for the enforcement of child labor laws to ensure that allinvestigations and inspections, including unannounced inspections, are conducted throughout the country and in all sectors, especially in rural areas, in the informal sector, and in the construction industry. + Provide sufficient resources, including transportation costs, for the enforcement of child labor laws to ensure that all investigations and inspections, including unannounced inspections, are conducted throughout the country and in all sectors, especially in rural areas, in the informal sector, and in the construction industry. - Build the capacity of local-level authorities to enforce child and forcedlabor regulations, as applicable,in the agriculture, brickmaking,tobacco, cassava, and fishing sectors,by providing more technical training opportunities on how to properly identify child labor during inspectionsfor labor inspectors in all bureaus within the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training. + Build the capacity of local-level authorities to enforce child and forced labor regulations, as applicable, in the agriculture, brickmaking, tobacco, cassava, and fishing sectors, by providing more technical training opportunities on how to properly identify child labor during inspections for labor inspectors in all bureaus within the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training. - Collect, properly store,and publicly release disaggregated data on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number ofprosecutions initiated, the number of convictions, and the numberimposed penalties for violations relatedto the worst forms of child labor. + Collect, properly store, and publicly release disaggregated data on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of prosecutions initiated, the number of convictions, and the number imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Establish and uniformly administer penalties for violations of laws on child labor, including its worst forms, in accordance with the parameters prescribed by law. @@ -5455,13 +5800,13 @@ problem. Authorize the anti-trafficking police units to conduct undercover investigations, including cases involving the commercial sexual exploitation of children, and ensure that all criminal law enforcement officials are sufficiently trained on the techniques of how to conduct anti-trafficking work, particularly those located in rural areas. - Strengthen, permit, and provide funding tothe laborinspectorate to include more on-site investigations, particularly at establishments that operate outside regular business hours and domestic work. + Strengthen, permit, and provide funding to the labor inspectorate to include more on-site investigations, particularly at establishments that operate outside regular business hours and domestic work. - Ensure that malfeasance is addressed in all law enforcement agencies, including not accepting bribes to influence the outcome of cases, andinvestigating and prosecuting labor recruiters, politically connected individuals, and government officials who are complicit in facilitating the worst forms of child labor, including human trafficking and debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. + Ensure that malfeasance is addressed in all law enforcement agencies, including not accepting bribes to influence the outcome of cases, and investigating and prosecuting labor recruiters, politically connected individuals, and government officials who are complicit in facilitating the worst forms of child labor, including human trafficking and debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. - Ensure law enforcement officials have sufficient financial and human resources to effectively oversee the "judicial supervision" program toensure defendants return to participate in their criminal trials, andfully implement the "Child Friendly Court" program. + Ensure law enforcement officials have sufficient financial and human resources to effectively oversee the "judicial supervision" program to ensure defendants return to participate in their criminal trials, and fully implement the "Child Friendly Court" program. @@ -5472,10 +5817,10 @@ problem. Expand social protection safety nets in rural areas to ensure that poor children and their families have access to services that may mitigate the risk of involvement in child labor. - Ensure that Residential Care Facilities and orphanagesprotect the health and well-being of children living there. + Ensure that Residential Care Facilities and orphanages protect the health and well-being of children living there. - Provide sufficientresources to all social programs so that they can fully address the extent of child labor in Cambodia. + Provide sufficient resources to all social programs so that they can fully address the extent of child labor in Cambodia. Establish a system to accurately capture and monitor the reintegration of victims of the worst forms of child labor, including human trafficking. @@ -5503,15 +5848,15 @@ problem. Increase funding and enhance training for Commune Committees for Women and Children to enhance social services provision for children involved in or at risk of child labor. - Ensure that the Cambodian National Council for Children and the Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Traffickingare able to carry out their intended mandates. + Ensure that the Cambodian National Council for Children and the Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking are able to carry out their intended mandates. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into theNational Employment Policy. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Employment Policy. - Undertake activities in support of the National Plan of Action on Worst Forms of Child Labor, the National Plan of Action on the Reduction of Child Labor and Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor,the Action Plan for Gender Equality Promotion and Child Labor Elimination in the Fisheries Sector, theNational Action Plan on the Elimination of Child Labor in Fisheries,thePolicy on Childhood Development and Protection in the Agricultural Sector, the National Social Protection Strategy, theCapacity Development Plan for Family Support, Foster Care, and Adoption, and the Strategic and Operational Plan for the Implementation of Juvenile Justice Law. + Undertake activities in support of the National Plan of Action on Worst Forms of Child Labor, the National Plan of Action on the Reduction of Child Labor and Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor, the Action Plan for Gender Equality Promotion and Child Labor Elimination in the Fisheries Sector, the National Action Plan on the Elimination of Child Labor in Fisheries, the Policy on Childhood Development and Protection in the Agricultural Sector, the National Social Protection Strategy, the Capacity Development Plan for Family Support, Foster Care, and Adoption, and the Strategic and Operational Plan for the Implementation of Juvenile Justice Law. @@ -5527,20 +5872,7 @@ problem. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Cameroon -made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child -labor. The governmentsupported a new 6 year project to address child -labor in the production of cocoa and continued to support programs that provide -services to vulnerable street children. In addition, unlike in previous years, -the government published information on labor inspectorate funding. However, -children in Cameroon engage in the worst forms of child labor, -includingin commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of -human trafficking. Children alsoperform dangerous tasks in cocoa -production. The government has not acceded to the United Nations Convention on -the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child -Prostitution and Child Pornography. In addition, it hasnot prohibited the -use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and -trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, thelaw does notcriminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + In 2019, Cameroon made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government supported a new 6 year project to address child labor in the production of cocoa and continued to support programs that provide services to vulnerable street children. In addition, unlike in previous years, the government published information on labor inspectorate funding. However, children in Cameroon engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in cocoa production. The government has not acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. In addition, it has not prohibited the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, the law does not criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. Cocoa @@ -5577,10 +5909,10 @@ trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, thelaw does notcriminally prohibit the recrui - Yes + No No - Yes + No Yes @@ -5625,10 +5957,10 @@ trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, thelaw does notcriminally prohibit the recrui No - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -5644,37 +5976,39 @@ trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, thelaw does notcriminally prohibit the recrui No - 12‡ + 12 No No - $1.2 Million (10) - 300 (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - N/A (10) - Yes (10) - 6,100‡ (10) - 6,100‡(10) - 0 (10) - N/A (10) - N/A (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - N/A (10) - Yes (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes (10) + $1.2 Million + 300 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 6,100‡ + 6,100‡ + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -5702,7 +6036,7 @@ trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, thelaw does notcriminally prohibit the recrui Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspections conducted at worksites, and the number of criminal labor law violations found. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Ensure that the labor inspectorate and criminal law enforcement agencies receive an adequate amount of funding, training, and resources with which to conduct inspections and investigations. @@ -5711,7 +6045,7 @@ trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, thelaw does notcriminally prohibit the recrui Strengthen the labor inspectorate by conducting inspections in all sectors, including in the informal sector. - Ensure that all hotlines for reporting the worst forms of child labor are well publicized and operational, and thatall calls are logged so that cases of child labor may be tracked for referral to law enforcement or social services providers. + Ensure that all hotlines for reporting the worst forms of child labor are well publicized and operational, and that all calls are logged so that cases of child labor may be tracked for referral to law enforcement or social services providers. Raise awareness of child trafficking issues to encourage citizens to report offenses to enforcement agencies, and ensure that such cases are resolved within the judicial system. @@ -5728,31 +6062,28 @@ trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, thelaw does notcriminally prohibit the recrui Ensure that existing coordinating mechanisms function effectively and receive sufficient resources to carry out their stated mandates. - - - Ensure that existing policies, such as the Ministry of Justice's National Action Plan for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Cameroon (2015–2019) and the Inter-Ministerial Committee's Trafficking in Persons Action Plan (2014–2019), receive adequate funding and are implemented as intended. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paperand the Inter-Ministerial Committee’s National Gender Policy Document. - - - Ensure that all children, regardless of refugee status, have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, and minimizing the disruption ofteacher strikes.Ensure that schools are free from violence andnot re-appropriated for other purposes. + Ensure that all children, regardless of refugee status, have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, and minimizing the disruption of teacher strikes. Ensure that schools are free from violence and not re-appropriated for other purposes. - Ensure that the number of schools andteachers, and potable water and sanitation facilities are adequate throughout the country. + Ensure that the number of schools and teachers, and potable water and sanitation facilities are adequate throughout the country. Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem in Cameroon, and institute programs to address child labor in agriculture, mining, quarrying, and commercial sexual exploitation. - Ensure that all government-run centers have sufficient space to accommodate victims. + Ensure that all government-run centers have sufficient space to accommodate victims of child trafficking and children engaged in street work and domestic work. + + + Ensure that social programs to address child labor are implemented in accordance with their mandates. + + - Ensure that social programs to address child labor are implemented in accordance with their mandates. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and the Inter-Ministerial Committee’s National Gender Policy Document. - + Yes @@ -5766,11 +6097,7 @@ trafficking of drugs. Furthermore, thelaw does notcriminally prohibit the recrui Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, the Central African -Republic made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of -child labor.Under a 2019peace agreement,the government and non-state armed groups committed to endingand preventing grave violations against children,including therecruitmentof child soldiers.Several parties signed Action Plans to implement these commitments, and 1,150 children were demobilized during the reporting period. The National Assembly also adopted an expansivenewchild protectioncode, and the government established theNational Inter-Ministerial Committee to Combat Human Trafficking. In addition, thelabor inspectorate hired an additional 17 inspectors.However, children in the Central African Republic engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict by non-state armed groups and in diamond mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture and domestic work.Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it does not meet the international standard for minimum age protections since it does not include childrenworking in the informal sector. Moreover, an estimated 1.3 million children lacked access to education as a -result of ongoing instability, and limited resources hampered the government’s implementation -of policies and programs to address child labor. + In 2019, the Central African Republic made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Under a 2019peace agreement, the government and non-state armed groups committed to ending and preventing grave violations against children, including the recruitment of child soldiers. Several parties signed Action Plans to implement these commitments, and 1,150 children were demobilized during the reporting period. The National Assembly also adopted an expansive new child protection code, and the government established the National Inter-Ministerial Committee to Combat Human Trafficking. However, children in the Central African Republic engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict by non-state armed groups and in diamond mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Additionally, the Central African Republic does not meet the international standard for minimum age protections since it does not include children working in the informal sector. Moreover, an estimated 1.3 million children lacked access to education because of ongoing instability, and limited resources hampered the government’s implementation of policies and programs to address child labor. Diamonds @@ -5794,7 +6121,7 @@ of policies and programs to address child labor. 0.28 - 0.422 + 0.409 @@ -5855,10 +6182,10 @@ of policies and programs to address child labor. Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -5880,31 +6207,33 @@ of policies and programs to address child labor. - Unknown (10) - 70 (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10,44) - N/A (10) - Yes (10) - 58 (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown(10) - Yes (10) - No (5) - Yes (10) - No (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Unknown (10) - N/A (10) - Yes (10) - Unknown(10) - Unknown(10) - Unknown(10) - Unknown(10) - Yes (10) + Unknown + 70 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 58 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + No + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + No @@ -5912,7 +6241,7 @@ of policies and programs to address child labor. Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships. - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, and ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive. + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, and ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive. Publish the legal source that establishes a minimum age for voluntary military service. @@ -5921,18 +6250,18 @@ of policies and programs to address child labor. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - Make the law establishing the compulsory education age publicly available. + Ensure that laws establishing the compulsory education is publicly available. - Ensure that courts and security services are sufficiently funded, that security forces are sufficiently trained, and that citizens can report violations and access formal judicial processes throughout the country. + Ensure that courts and security services are sufficiently funded, that security forces are sufficiently trained, that citizens can report violations and access formal judicial processes throughout the country, and the number of trafficking cases reported to the24-hour TIP hotline are documented. - Reporton the labor inspectorate’s funding level; type of training provided to inspectors and investigators; and data related to national and regional enforcement efforts, including the number of worksite inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. + Report on the labor inspectorate’s funding level; type of training provided to investigators, and data related to national and regional enforcement efforts, including the number of worksite inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected, prosecutions initiated and convictions obtained. - Ensure that enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, resources, and funding to enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms,and provide services to victims throughout the country. + Ensure that enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, resources, and funding, and training to enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms, and provide services to victims throughout the country. Ensure that children are not subject to violence during criminal investigations, are not kept in detention centers with adults, and are granted access to social services providers and humanitarian assistance when released from armed groups. @@ -5941,26 +6270,18 @@ of policies and programs to address child labor. Ensure that regional labor inspection offices are under the supervision and control of a central authority, and that regional inspectors are able to conduct inspections outside of Bangui, where many mining operations take place. - Initiatetargeted and unannouncedinspections based on available child labor prevalence data, and expand inspections to include the informal sector. + Initiate targeted and unannounced inspections based on available child labor prevalence data, and expand inspections to include the informal sector. - Ensure thatthecomplaintmechanism for filing and responding to reports of child labor functions isin accordance with its mandate, as required by ILO C. 182. + Ensure that the complaint mechanism for filing and responding to reports of child labor functions is in accordance with its mandate, as required by ILO C. 182. - Ensure thatreferral mechanisms for children found in child labor situations are well-funded and fully operational. + Ensure that referral mechanisms for children found in child labor situations are well-funded and fully operational. - - - Ensure that coordinating mechanisms are functional, and that they report on their implementation. - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms tocombat all forms of child labor. - - - Implement the establishedChild Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Policy and the National Recovery and Peacebuilding Planrelated to child labor, including its worst forms. + Implement the established Child Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Policy and the National Recovery and Peacebuilding Plan related to child labor, including its worst forms. Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. @@ -5971,24 +6292,26 @@ of policies and programs to address child labor. - Ensure that children affected by conflict are not subject to the worst forms of child labor by peacekeeping forces. - - - Improve access to education for all children,including in rural areas, regardless of IDP statusor religious affiliation,by eliminating school-related fees, making additional efforts to provide all children with birth registration, ensuring that ethnic and religious minorities are not denied access to education, establishing an adequate number of teachers and classrooms throughout the country, and ensuring that schools are safe spaces and free from armed groups. + Improve access to education for all children, including in rural areas, regardless of IDP status or religious affiliation, by eliminating school-related fees, making additional efforts to provide all children with birth registration, ensuring that ethnic and religious minorities are not denied access to education, establishing an adequate number of teachers and classrooms throughout the country, and ensuring that schools are safe spaces and free from armed groups. - Expand programs to assist former child combatants and children associated with armed groups, and improve coordination among relevant actors. + Expand programs to assist former child combatants and children associated with armed groups, and improve coordination among relevant actors. Allocate sufficient resources and implement programs to address the worst forms of child labor throughout the country. - Ensure that social programs to address the worst forms of child laborare funded and implemented in accordance with their mandates. + Ensure that social programs to address the worst forms of child labor are funded and implemented in accordance with their mandates. Ensure that birth certificates issued by courts are delivered without additional payment requirements. + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor. + + Yes @@ -6002,11 +6325,7 @@ of policies and programs to address child labor. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In -2019, Chad made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms -of child labor. The Ministry of Justiceadopted anational roadmap to implement a2018 trafficking in persons law, and theMinistry of National Education unveiled a 2 year education programto support up to 230,000 vulnerable children. Chad's Child Protection Brigade also addeda hub office in Lai and trained 100 focal points responsible for coordinating investigations withregional offices. However, children in Chad engage in the worst forms of child labor, -including forced labor in cattle herding and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Additionally, the government does not collect data on law enforcement efforts andhas no active policies to address child labor, including in commercial -sexual exploitation and forced labor. + In 2019, Chad made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Justice adopted a national roadmap to implement a2018 trafficking in persons law, and the Ministry of National Education unveiled a 2 year education program to support up to 230,000 vulnerable children. Chad's Child Protection Brigade also added a hub office in Lai and trained 100 focal points responsible for coordinating investigations with regional offices. However, children in Chad engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in cattle herding and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Additionally, the government does not collect data on law enforcement efforts and has no active policies to address child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor. Cattle @@ -6110,37 +6429,39 @@ sexual exploitation and forced labor. Yes - 16‡ + 16 No Yes - Unknown (3) - 30 (3) - No (3,23) - Yes (3) - No (3) - No (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (14) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) + Unknown + 30 + No + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -6151,27 +6472,27 @@ sexual exploitation and forced labor. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - Ratify pendinglaws criminalizing child trafficking and extending protection to children working in the informal sector. + Ratify pending laws criminalizing child trafficking and extending protection to children working in the informal sector. - Ensure thatthe roles of enforcement agenciesare well-known and understood by the public, that law enforcement agencies receive sufficient resources to carry out their mandate, and that children are not detained with alleged perpetrators due to a lack of available service providers. + Ensure that the roles of enforcement agencies are well-known and understood by the public; that law enforcement agencies receive sufficient resources, including training; to carry out their mandate; and that children are not detained with alleged perpetrators due to a lack of available service providers. - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties, and by providing inspectors with sufficient resources, including training,to conduct inspections in both the formal and informal sectors. + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties, and by providing inspectors with sufficient resources, including training, to conduct inspections in both the formal and informal sectors. - Collect, store, and publishdata on law enforcement efforts, including information about labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of inspections conducted, whether violations were found, penalties imposed and fees collected,and the number of criminal investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. + Collect, store, and publish data on law enforcement efforts, including information about labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of inspections conducted, whether violations were found, penalties imposed and fees collected, and the number of criminal investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO technical advice. - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies are sufficiently funded, law enforcement officers are trained, andexisting penalties are enforced according to the law. + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies are sufficiently funded, law enforcement officers are trained, and existing penalties are enforced according to the law. - Ensure thatchildren are not subjected to the worst forms of child labor bymilitary or local government officials. + Ensure that children are not subjected to the worst forms of child labor by military or local government officials. @@ -6181,21 +6502,21 @@ sexual exploitation and forced labor. - Adopt a policy to combat all relevant worst forms of child labor in Chad and ensure thatexisting policies are implemented. + Adopt a policy to combat all relevant worst forms of child labor in Chad and ensure that existing policies are implemented. - Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees; ensure that schools are safe spaces; and increase the number of schools, grade levels, classrooms, and teachers available throughout the country, including for children in refugee camps. + Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees; ensure that schools are safe spaces; and increase the number of schools, grade levels, classrooms, and teachers available throughout the country, including for children in refugee camps. - Ensure that existing programs receive adequate funding to support victims of child labor throughout the country, and that programs are implemented as intended. + Ensure that existing programs receive adequate funding to support victims of child labor throughout the country, and that programs are implemented as intended. Establish or expand programs to provide services to children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, such as the use of forced child labor in herding cattle, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - Ensure thatallchildren areissuedbirth certificates,which may be required for school enrollment. + Ensure that all children are issued birth certificates, which may be required for school enrollment. @@ -6211,13 +6532,7 @@ sexual exploitation and forced labor. Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Chile made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Prosecutor's Office signed a cooperative agreement with the Ombudsman's Office for the Rights of Children to improve coordination in providing services to children in need, and the Undersecretary of Labor created the Child Labor Eradication Department to ensure Chile's compliance with international treaties that protect the rights of children and adolescents. In addition, the government passed legislationto regulate the participation of children and adolescents in criminal testimony, including cases of human trafficking, to avoid re-traumatizing victims.It also developed an updated Anti-Trafficking National Action Plan for the 2019–2022 period and continued to fund a number of social programs to address child labor.However, children in Chile engage -in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, -sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous -tasks in construction. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all -relevant areas during the reporting period, existing prohibitions related to forced -labor do not meet international standardsbecauseforced laboris criminally prohibited onlywhenitresults from human trafficking.In addition, there is a lack of -publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violations identified and whether inspectors receivedtraining related to the worst forms of child labor. + In 2019, Chile made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Prosecutor's Office signed a cooperative agreement with the Ombudsman's Office for the Rights of Children to improve coordination in providing services to children in need, and the Undersecretary of Labor created the Child Labor Eradication Department to ensure Chile's compliance with international treaties that protect the rights of children and adolescents. In addition, the government passed legislation to regulate the participation of children and adolescents in criminal testimony, including cases of human trafficking, to avoid re-traumatizing victims. It also developed an updated Anti-Trafficking National Action Plan for the 2019–2022 period and continued to fund a number of social programs to address child labor. However, children in Chile engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, existing prohibitions related to forced labor do not meet international standards because forced labor is criminally prohibited only when it results from human trafficking. In addition, prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards. Moreover, there is a lack of publicly available enforcement data, including the labor inspectorate funding and number of labor inspectors. @@ -6292,10 +6607,10 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Yes - Yes + No No - Yes + No Yes @@ -6317,37 +6632,39 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Yes - 18‡ + 18 No Yes - Unknown (9) - 540(48) - Yes(9) - Yes(48) - N/A(48) - Yes (48) - 100,618(49) - 100,618(49) - 272(39) - 272(39) - 72(49) - Yes(9) - Yes(9) - Yes(9) - Yes(9) - Yes(9) - Yes(9) - Yes(9) + Unknown + N/A + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 100,618 + 100,618 + 272 + 272 + 72 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes N/A - Yes(9) - 39†(9) - Unknown(9) - 39†(9) - 19(10) - Yes(10) + Yes + 39 + Unknown + 39 + 19 + Yes + Yes @@ -6357,10 +6674,18 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. + + + + N/A + + - Ensure that inspectors receivesufficient resources, such as vehicles, to carry out their duties. + Ensure that inspectors receive sufficient resources, such as vehicles, to carry out their duties. Ensure that penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children are commensurate with those for other serious crimes and that judges do not suspend or commute such sentences. @@ -6380,6 +6705,11 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Ensure that educational barriers, such as the lack of transportation to school in rural areas, are addressed to prevent child labor. + + + N/A + + Yes @@ -6434,56 +6764,44 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati No - Footwear + Fish No Yes No - Garments + Footwear No Yes No - Nails + Garments No Yes No - Textiles - Yes - No - No - - - Toys - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Fish + Gloves No Yes No - Gloves + Hair Products No Yes No - Hair Products + Nails No Yes No Textiles - No + Yes Yes No @@ -6499,6 +6817,12 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Yes No + + Toys + Yes + Yes + Yes + @@ -6507,7 +6831,7 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Asia and the Pacific Moderate Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists on Christmas Island, in 2019 the government made a moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Australia enacted the Modern Slavery Act, which applies to Christmas Island, and took steps to begin consultations on a revised National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery. Although Christmas Island made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period,laws related to child trafficking do not meet international standardsbecause the recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation are not prohibited. In addition, as the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists on Christmas Island, in 2019 the government made a moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Australia enacted the Modern Slavery Act, which applies to Christmas Island, and took steps to begin consultations on a revised National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery. Although Christmas Island made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, laws related to child trafficking do not meet international standards because the recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation are not prohibited. In addition, as the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. No @@ -6567,10 +6891,10 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -6591,13 +6915,62 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Raise the minimum age for all light work to age 13 to comply with international standards. - Ensure that thelaws related to child trafficking clearly prohibitthe recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt (domestically) of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. + Ensure that the laws related to child trafficking clearly prohibit the recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt (domestically) of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. @@ -6616,7 +6989,7 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Asia and the Pacific Moderate Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists on Cocos (Keeling) Islands, in 2019 the government made a moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Australia enacted the Modern Slavery Act, which applies to Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and took steps to begin consultations on a revised National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery. Although Cocos (Keeling) Islands made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, laws related to child trafficking do not meet international standardsbecause the recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation are not prohibited. In addition, as the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists on Cocos (Keeling) Islands, in 2019 the government made a moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Australia enacted the Modern Slavery Act, which applies to Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and took steps to begin consultations on a revised National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery. Although Cocos (Keeling) Islands made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, laws related to child trafficking do not meet international standards because the recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation are not prohibited. In addition, as the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. No @@ -6676,10 +7049,10 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -6700,13 +7073,62 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Raise the minimum age for all light work to comply with international standards. - Ensure that thelaws related to child trafficking clearly prohibitthe recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt (domestically) of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. + Ensure that the laws related to child trafficking clearly prohibit the recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt (domestically) of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. @@ -6725,7 +7147,7 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Latin America and the Caribbean No Significant Advancement - In 2019, Colombia made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The Ministry of Labor launched a virtual training campus for labor inspectors, including a Fundamental Rights at Work course with modules on child labor, and trained local officials on its Comprehensive Child Labor Information System.In an effort to address the education and health of the increased Venezuelan refugee population, the government passed Law 1997 that granted birthright citizenship to children born in Colombia to Venezuelan parents during the period January 1, 2015 - September 16, 2021.The Ministry of the Interior also collaborated with civil society organizations to evaluate the government's anti-trafficking in persons strategy. In addition, the government expanded the Eyes Everywhere anti-commercial sexual exploitation campaign. However, children in Colombia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. In addition,the government does not employ a sufficient number of labor inspectors. + In 2019, Colombia made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor launched a virtual training campus for labor inspectors, including a Fundamental Rights at Work course with modules on child labor, and trained local officials on its Comprehensive Child Labor Information System. In an effort to address the education and health of the increased Venezuelan refugee population, the government passed Law 1997 that granted birthright citizenship to children born in Colombia to Venezuelan parents during the period January 1, 2015 - September 16, 2021.The Ministry of the Interior also collaborated with civil society organizations to evaluate the government's anti-trafficking in persons strategy. In addition, the government expanded the Eyes Everywhere anti-commercial sexual exploitation campaign. However, children in Colombia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. In addition, the government does not employ a sufficient number of labor inspectors. Coal @@ -6758,31 +7180,31 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati No - Pornography + Fruit (Pome and Stone) Yes No No - Sugarcane + Gold Yes No No - Gold + Grapes Yes No No - Grapes + Pornography Yes No No - Fruits (Pome and Stone) + Sugarcane Yes No No @@ -6892,31 +7314,33 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati - $2,200,000(10) - 791(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - N/A(10) - Yes(10) - Unknown(10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown(10) - 12(10) - Unknown(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - No(10) - N/A(10) - No(10) - 2,883(10) - 3,512(10) - 764(10) - 378(68) - Yes(10) + $2,200,000 + 791 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + 12 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + N/A + No + 2883 + 3512 + 764 + 378 + Yes + Yes @@ -6929,16 +7353,16 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Ensure that all labor inspectors have sufficient resources, especially in rural areas, to perform inspections. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including thenumber of inspections conducted, child labor violations found, andpenalties imposed that were collected for child labor violations. + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of inspections conducted, child labor violations found, and penalties imposed that were collected for child labor violations. - Publish information on the number of child labor violations found, whether labor inspectors receive training on new laws and refresher courses, and whether new criminal investigators receive initial training. + Publish information on the number of child labor violations found, whether labor inspectors receive training on new laws and refresher courses, and whether new criminal investigators receive initial training. - Ensure that criminal law enforcementofficials have sufficient resources to enforce criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials have sufficient resources to enforce criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor. Collect and publish data on penalties and sentencing for crimes related to the commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking of children. @@ -6955,6 +7379,11 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Expand efforts to improve access to education for all children, particularly for indigenous and Afro-Colombian children, including by improving transportation infrastructure, building more schools in rural areas, and increasing the number of teachers. + + + N/A + + Ensure that all coordinating working groups addressing child labor are active and accomplishing their mandates. @@ -6976,11 +7405,7 @@ publicly available enforcement data, including the number of child labor violati Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, -Comoros made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of -child labor. The National Assembly passed legislation authorizing the president to ratify the Palermo Protocol, which the president did in January 2020. Comoros also created theNational Commission for Solidarity, Social Protection, and the Promotion of Genderto improve cooperation with state and non-state actors involved in child protection. In addition, services for child victims of violence were expanded with the opening of a new center under the Service d'Ecoute program. However, children in Comoros engage in the -worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in agriculture. Children also -perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal investigators lack the resources and funds necessary to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and Comoros lacks national action plans to combat child labor and trafficking in persons. Social programs to combat child labor are also insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + In 2019, Comoros made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Assembly passed legislation authorizing the president to ratify the Palermo Protocol, which the president did in January 2020. Comoros also created the National Commission for Solidarity, Social Protection, and the Promotion of Gender to improve cooperation with state and non-state actors involved in child protection. In addition, services for child victims of violence were expanded with the opening of a new center under the Service d'Ecoute program. However, children in Comoros engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in agriculture. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal investigators lack the resources and funds necessary to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and Comoros lacks national action plans to combat child labor and trafficking in persons. Social programs to combat child labor are also insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. @@ -7005,7 +7430,7 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest Yes Yes Yes - Yes + No Yes @@ -7058,10 +7483,10 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -7083,57 +7508,59 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest - 0(8) - 4 (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - N/A (8) - No (8) - 12 (8) - 12 (8) - 0 (8) - 0 (8) - N/A (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - No (8) - N/A (8) - No (8) - Unknown (8) - Unknown (8) - Unknown (8) - Unknown (8) - Yes (8) + 0 + 4 + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + 12 + 12 + 0 + 0 + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + N/A + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Establish anduse a functioning reciprocal mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services. + Establish and use a functioning reciprocal mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services. - Provide the labor inspectorate with an operating budget forresources, training, transportation, and equipment to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. + Provide the labor inspectorate with an operating budget for resources, training, transportation, and equipment to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. Publish information on the number of criminal law investigations, violations found, penalties assessed, prosecutions initiated, and convictions related to cases of the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure that the inspectorateuses its authority to conduct unannounced inspections rather than rely solely on complaints received to initiate inspections. + Ensure that the inspectorate uses its authority to conduct unannounced inspections rather than rely solely on complaints received to initiate inspections. - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive regular and adequaterefresher or initialtraining on child labor-related issues. + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive regular and adequate refresher or initial training on child labor-related issues. Increase criminal law enforcement personnel, resources, training, and transportation and equipment to enhance criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure that there are sufficientfunds and resources to investigate crimes related to the worst forms of child labor so that victims are not expected to contribute financially. + Ensure that there are sufficient funds and resources to investigate crimes related to the worst forms of child labor so that victims are not expected to contribute financially. - Increase the number of labor inspectorsto meet theILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet thiol's technical advice. Increase the number and frequency of labor inspections to enforce compliance with laws that address child labor. @@ -7163,7 +7590,7 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, including for girls and poor children, by increasing school capacity, infrastructure, and teacher availability, and by addressing school violence. - Implement and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in agriculture anddomestic work. + Implement and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in agriculture and domestic work. Implement programs to assist children exploited by religious instructors. @@ -7177,10 +7604,10 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions prescribe the number of hours per week that light work may be undertaken, and specify the conditions under which light work may be conducted, as defined by international standards on child labor. + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions prescribe the number of hours per week that light work may be undertaken, and specify the conditions under which light work may be conducted, as defined by international standards on child labor. - Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions and protections apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. + Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions and protections apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. Raise the compulsory education age to age 15 to be equivalent to the minimum age for work. @@ -7198,11 +7625,11 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest Congo, Democratic Republic of the - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-democratic-republic-of- + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-democratic-republic-drc Sub-Saharan Africa No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2019, the Democratic Republic of the Congo made no advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is receiving an assessment of no advancement because of the national army's complicity in the worst forms of child labor. During the year,an Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC)regiment supplied weapons and munitions to and allowed the free movement of a proxy non-state armed group known for recruiting children, enabling the group to expand its control over mineral-rich sites in the east. Several unitsalso illegally detained children for alleged association with armed groups and some failed to hold its units accountable for perpetrating the worst forms of child labor. Moreover, regiment commanders and their superiors actively interfered with investigations into forced child recruitment and the sexual exploitation of children allegedly perpetrated by their forces.Otherwise, the government implemented a new universal primary education decree, making education free and compulsory for children up to the age of 12 and reducing the number of children vulnerable to labor exploitation. The government also drafted a new anti-trafficking in persons law, established a national anti-trafficking coordinating body and finalized a five-year national strategy to combat human trafficking. Military courts also sentenced military officials, including a former colonel, to prison terms for the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. Children in engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the forced mining of gold, tin ore (cassiterite), tantalum ore (coltan), and tungsten ore (wolframite), and are used in armed conflict, sometimes as a result of forcible recruitment or abduction by non-state armed groups. Other gaps remain, including a lack of trained enforcement personnel, limited financial resources, and poor coordination of government efforts to combat child labor. Research also indicates that labor inspectors failed to conduct any worksite inspections for the fourth year in a row. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2019, the Democratic Republic of the Congo made no advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government drafted a new anti-trafficking in persons law, established a national anti-trafficking coordinating body, and finalized a five-year national strategy to combat human trafficking. A military court also sentenced a former colonel to life imprisonment for the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. Moreover, the government implemented a new universal primary education decree, expanding funding for public schools and significantly reducing the number of children vulnerable to labor exploitation. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is receiving an assessment of no advancement because of the national army's complicity in the worst forms of child labor. During the year, an Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (FARDC) regiment supplied weapons and munitions to and allowed the free movement of a proxy non-state armed group known for recruiting children, enabling the armed group to expand its control over mineral-rich sites in the east. In addition, a FARDC regiment in Tshikapa forcibly abducted young girls into sexual slavery. The FARDC also illegally detained children for alleged association with armed groups and failed to hold some of its units accountable for perpetrating the worst forms of child labor. Moreover, regiment commanders and their superiors actively interfered with investigations into forced child recruitment and the sexual exploitation of children allegedly perpetrated by their forces. Children engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the forced mining of gold, tin ore (cassiterite), tantalum ore (coltan), and tungsten ore (wolframite), and are used in armed conflict, sometimes as a result of forcible recruitment or abduction by non-state armed groups. Other gaps remain, including a lack of trained enforcement personnel, limited financial resources, and poor coordination of government efforts to combat child labor. Research also indicates that labor inspectors failed to conduct any worksite inspections for the fourth year in a row. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Cobalt ore (heterogenite) @@ -7323,10 +7750,10 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -7342,37 +7769,39 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest No - 12‡ + 12 No No - Unknown (15) - 200 (15) - Yes (15) - No (15) - No (15) - No (15) - 0 (15) - N/A (15) - 0 (15) - N/A (15) - N/A (15) - No (15) - N/A (15) - Yes (15,51) - No (15) - Yes (15) - Yes (15) - No (15) - No (15) - Yes(15) - Unknown (15) - 3,129(28) - 3‡ (15,28) - Unknown (15) - Yes (15) + Unknown + 200 + Yes + No + No + No + 0 + N/A + 0 + N/A + N/A + No + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + Unknown + 3129 + 3 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -7382,10 +7811,10 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest - Fund civil and criminal enforcement agencies responsible for conducting inspections or investigations, and ensure labor inspectors have adequate resources and transportation to conduct inspections throughout the country. + Fund civil and criminal enforcement agencies responsible for conducting inspections or investigations, and ensure labor inspectors have adequate resources and transportation to conduct worksite inspections throughout the country. - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectorsto meetthe ILO’s technical advice and ensure that inspectors receive adequate training and funding to carry out their duties. + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and ensure that inspectors receive adequate training and funding to carry out their duties. Increase penalties for the worst forms of child labor so they are sufficiently stringent to serve as a deterrent. @@ -7394,13 +7823,13 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest Issue appropriate decrees to ensure that enacted laws are implemented, including those that provide for free education throughout the country and require demobilized children to be handed over to child protection actors for social services and reintegration assistance. - Ensure the criminal justice system has the resources to investigate and prosecute child labor violations, andjudges, prosecutors, and investigators receive training and refresher courses on new and existinglaws on theworst formsof childlabor. + Ensure the criminal justice system has the resources to investigate and prosecute child labor violations, and judges, prosecutors, and investigators receive training on new and existing laws on the worst forms of child labor. - Cease the practice of subjecting children to physical violence and detention for their alleged association with armed groups, and ensure that enforcement officials do not carry out extrajudicial killings. + Cease the practice of subjecting children to physical violence and detention for their alleged association with armed groups, and ensure that enforcement officials do not carry out extrajudicial killings. - End FARDC support for non-state armed groups that recruit children and hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. + End FARDC support for non-state armed groups that recruit children and hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. Collect and publish complete data related to criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, convictions secured, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. @@ -7409,7 +7838,7 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest Improve coordination among relevant criminal enforcement agencies in conducting investigations, collecting data, and providing services to victims. - Ensure security forces do not subject children to human rights violations, including extortion and physical abuse, when dismantling artisanal small-scale mining operations, and hold them accountable if found to engage in such behavior. + Ensure security forces do not subject children to human rights violations, including extortion and physical abuse, when dismantling artisanal small-scale mining operations, and hold them accountable if found to engage in such behavior. @@ -7422,24 +7851,24 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest - Ensure all relevant policies, national action plans, and sectoral strategies to address the worst forms of child laborare adopted, funded, and implemented as intended. + Ensure all relevant policies, national action plans, and sectoral strategies to address the worst forms of child labor are adopted, funded, and implemented as intended. - Conduct a stand-alone child labor surveyto inform child labor policies and practices. + Conduct a stand-alone child labor survey to inform child labor policies and practices. Improve access to education for all children by regulating classroom size, training additional teachers, building additional schools, and ensuring that schools are safe and students are not subjected to sexual abuse or forcible recruitment while at or on their way to school. Make additional efforts to prevent schools from being attacked and occupied by armed groups. - Ensure that all children are registered at birth or have identification documents. + Improve access to education by ensuring that all children are registered at birth or are issued identification documents. Expand efforts to address the needs of demobilized children and incorporate stigmatization, gender, and re-recruitment concerns into programs to reintegrate such children. - Establish or expandsocial programsdesigned to assist children engaged in forced labor in agriculture, street work, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation, and implement existing programs as intended. + Establish or expand social programs designed to assist children engaged in forced labor in agriculture, street work, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation, and implement existing programs as intended. @@ -7451,19 +7880,11 @@ perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Furthermore, labor and criminal invest Congo, Republic of the - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-republic-of- + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-republic Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, the Republic of the Congo -made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child -labor. The government approved comprehensive legislation making all forms of trafficking in persons illegal and worked with neighboring countriesto implement bilateral anti-trafficking measures. The labor inspectorate also added 241 labor inspectors to its payroll. However, children -in the Republic of the Congoare involvedin the worst forms of child labor, -including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government has yet to accede to the Palermo -Protocol on Trafficking in Persons, and existing programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor in all relevant sectors.In -addition, information on children's work is extremely limited because there has -never been a national child labor survey or similar research conducted in the -Republic of the Congo. + In 2019, the Republic of the Congo made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved comprehensive legislation making all forms of trafficking in persons illegal and worked with neighboring countries to implement bilateral anti-trafficking measures. The labor inspectorate also added 241 labor inspectors to its payroll. However, children in the Republic of the Congo are involved in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government has yet to accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons, and existing programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor in all relevant sectors. In addition, information on children's work is extremely limited because there has never been a national child labor survey or similar research conducted in the Republic of the Congo. @@ -7541,10 +7962,10 @@ Republic of the Congo. Yes - Yes + N/A No - Yes + N/A No @@ -7566,31 +7987,33 @@ Republic of the Congo. - Unknown (5) - 253 (5) - Yes(5,23) - No (5) - No (5) - No (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown(5,23) - Unknown (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - No (5) - No (5) - No (5) - Unknown (5) - 8 (5) - 1 (5) - Unknown (5) - Yes (5) + Unknown + 253 + Yes + No + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + Unknown + 8 + 1 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -7606,7 +8029,7 @@ Republic of the Congo. - Publish information related to labor and criminal lawenforcement statistics, including the funding level for the labor inspectorate, the number and type of labor inspections conducted,violations found, penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, number of criminal investigations conducted, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured. + Publish information related to labor and criminal law enforcement statistics, including the funding level for the labor inspectorate, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, number of criminal investigations conducted, and convictions secured. Institutionalize training for all labor inspectors, investigators, and law enforcement, including ensuring funds to train new inspectors and offering periodic refresher courses. @@ -7615,7 +8038,7 @@ Republic of the Congo. Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring that inspectors have adequate resources to conduct routine inspections throughout the country. - Ensurethe Ministry of Social Affairs, Humanitarian Action and Solidarity funds to combat human trafficking are regularly dispersed. + Ensure the Ministry of Social Affairs, Humanitarian Action and Solidarity funds to combat human trafficking are regularly dispersed. Remove barriers to enforcement and prosecution by strengthening the judicial system through improved record keeping, decreased court backlogs, more frequent hearings, and improved training for criminal law enforcement officials and judges on trafficking in persons legislation. @@ -7624,7 +8047,7 @@ Republic of the Congo. Expand criminal enforcement efforts beyond large cities. - Ensure thatcriminal enforcement agencies such as the National Police are properly funded and do not seek payment from stakeholders to conduct investigations and operations. + Ensure that criminal enforcement agencies such as the National Police are properly funded and do not seek payment from stakeholders to conduct investigations and operations. Ensure that penalties for the worst forms of child labor are commensurate with penalties for other serious crimes. @@ -7632,10 +8055,10 @@ Republic of the Congo. - Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resourcesto function as intended. + Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources to function as intended. - Establish a coordinating mechanism to combat child labor, including all its worst forms,at the national level. + Establish a coordinating mechanism to combat child labor, including all its worst forms, at the national level. @@ -7654,13 +8077,10 @@ Republic of the Congo. Conduct a national child labor survey or similar research to determine the activities carried out by working children to inform policies and programs. - Improve access to education for all children, including those innon-urban areas, regardless of refugeestatus or ethnicity, by eliminating all school-related fees, regulating classroom size, removing linguistic barriers,providing sanitation facilities, building additional schools, training additional teachers,and ensuring that students are not subject to sexual abuse. - - - Institute programs to address all relevant sectors of child labor, including forced labor in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. + Improve access to education for all children, including those inn on-urban areas, regardless of refugee status or ethnicity, by eliminating all school-related fees, regulating classroom size, removing linguistic barriers, providing sanitation facilities, building additional schools, training additional teachers, and ensuring that students are not subject to sexual abuse. - Fund social programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including programs to expand access to free education and to address child domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. + Fund and implement social programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including programs to expand access to free education, and to address child domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. @@ -7676,7 +8096,7 @@ Republic of the Congo. Asia and the Pacific Minimal Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Cook Islands, in 2019, the government made a minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Cook Islands increased its labor inspectorate budget.However, the government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does notcriminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Cook Islands, in 2019, the government made a minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Cook Islands increased its labor inspectorate budget. However, the government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. No @@ -7736,10 +8156,10 @@ Republic of the Congo. No - N/A*† + N/A No - N/A*† + N/A Yes @@ -7760,21 +8180,65 @@ Republic of the Congo. Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Cook Islands National Youth Policy. - Publish activities undertaken to implementthe National Policy Framework for Children. + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Policy Framework for Children. - Publish activities undertaken to implementthe United Nations Pacific Strategy. + Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy. - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. @@ -7799,19 +8263,7 @@ Republic of the Congo. Latin America and the Caribbean No Significant Advancement - In 2019, Costa Rica made a significant advancement in -efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published data -from the 2018 National Household Survey, which includes information on the -prevalence of child labor in Costa Rica. In collaboration with the International Labor Organization, the Ministry of Labor began implementing the Risk Module -for Identifying Child Labor, which assists government officials in targetingcommunities at greater risk of employing child labor. In addition, prosecutors obtained -sentences for three individuals on charges pertaining to the commercial sexual -exploitation of children, and the government passed new laws on trafficking in -persons, including one that increased the statute of limitations for victims. The -government also adopted a new 4-year National Plan for Development that includes strategies for addressing child labor. However, children in -Costa Rica engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial -sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also -engage in child labor in agriculture. Furthermore, existing social programs are not accessible to workers in all sectors and the labor inspectorate -lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. + In 2019, Costa Rica made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published data from the 2018 National Household Survey, which includes information on the prevalence of child labor in Costa Rica. In collaboration with the International Labor Organization, the Ministry of Labor began implementing the Risk Module for Identifying Child Labor, which assists government officials in targeting communities at greater risk of employing child labor. In addition, prosecutors obtained sentences for three individuals on charges pertaining to the commercial sexual exploitation of children, and the government passed new laws on trafficking in persons, including one that increased the statute of limitations for victims. The government also adopted a new 4-year National Plan for Development that includes strategies for addressing child labor. However, children in Costa Rica engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Furthermore, existing social programs are not accessible to workers in all sectors and the labor inspectorate lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. Cattle @@ -7905,16 +8357,16 @@ lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. Yes - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -7924,43 +8376,48 @@ lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. Yes - 17‡ + 17 No Yes - $14,000,000(10) - 123(10) - No(10,33) - Yes(10) + $14,000,000 + 123 + No + Yes N/A - Yes(10) - 18,082(10) - 18,082(10) - 23(10) + Yes + 18,082 + 18,082 + 23 Unknown Unknown - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10,33) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - Yes(10) - 91(10) - 79(10) - 16(10) - 9(10) - Yes(10) + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 91 + 79 + 16 + 9 + Yes + Yes Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + Raise the minimum age for work to be commensurate with the compulsory age for education. + @@ -7973,10 +8430,10 @@ lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. Allocate sufficient resources to ensure regular labor inspections in rural areas and the informal sector, including child labor inspections, particularly in agriculture. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Ensure that the judiciary, prosecutors, and the police have sufficient staff, training, and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict perpetrators of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children; and identify victims of child trafficking and refer them to appropriate social services. + Ensure that the judiciary, prosecutors, and the police have sufficient staff, training, and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict perpetrators of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children; and identify victims of child trafficking and refer them to appropriate social services. Develop a mechanism to properly track human trafficking cases to improve enforcement and prevention efforts. @@ -7992,15 +8449,15 @@ lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, includingchildren in rural areas, girls, LGBTI youth, and children from indigenous and Afro-descendant communities. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children in rural areas, girls, LGBTI youth, and children from indigenous and Afro-descendant communities. - Improve access to social services, particularly for migrant,Ngäbe Bugléindigenous children in coffee-growing areas. + Improve access to social services, particularly for migrant, Ngäbe Buglé indigenous children in coffee-growing areas. - Ensure that government policies, such as theInter-Institutional Coordinating Protocol for the Protection of Working Minors, are actively implemented, and report on regular activities. + Ensure that government policies, such as the Inter-Institutional Coordinating Protocol for the Protection of Working Minors, are actively implemented, and report on regular activities. @@ -8012,11 +8469,11 @@ lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. Cote d'Ivoire - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cote-d'ivoire + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cote-divoire Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Côte d’Ivoire made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government initiated 143 prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor and the Ministry of Justice issued a circular instructing law enforcement officials and the judiciary to fine, arrest, or prosecute perpetrators of child labor. In addition, the government officially adopted the National Action Plan for the Fight Against Trafficking, Exploitation, and Child Labor, which was developed in 2018. However, children in Côte d’Ivoire engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the harvesting of cocoa and coffee, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. A lack of financial resources and personnel may have hindered labor law enforcement efforts. In addition, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. + In 2019, Côte d’Ivoire made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government initiated 143 prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor, and the Ministry of Justice issued a circular instructing law enforcement officials and the judiciary to fine, arrest, or prosecute perpetrators of child labor. In addition, the government officially adopted the National Action Plan for the Fight Against Trafficking, Exploitation, and Child Labor, which was developed in 2018. However, children in Côte d’Ivoire engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the harvesting of cocoa and coffee, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. A lack of financial resources and personnel may have hindered labor law enforcement efforts. In addition, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. Cocoa @@ -8107,10 +8564,10 @@ lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -8132,73 +8589,85 @@ lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. - $307,400 (2) - 258 (2) - No (2,43) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - 1,548‡ (2) - 1,548‡(2) - 214 (2) - Unknown(2) - N/A (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2,43) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - 131 (2) - 218 (2) - 143 (2) - 15 (2) - Yes (2) + $307,400 + 258 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 1,548‡ + 1,548‡ + 214 + Unknown + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 131 + 218 + 143 + 15 + Yes + Unknown - Strengthen the labor inspectorate to authorize and assess penalties in the informal sector. + Strengthen the labor inspectorate to authorize and assess penalties. Publish information on enforcement efforts, including whether penalties were imposed or collected. - Ensure that labor inspectorates and criminal law enforcement agencies receive a sufficientamount of funding to conduct inspections and investigations throughout the country, including in the informal sector. + Ensure that labor inspectorates and criminal law enforcement agencies receive a sufficient amount of funding to conduct inspections and investigations throughout the country, including in the informal sector. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive the resources, personnel, and training needed to adequately enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure thatinformation is published on convictions and imposition of penaltiesof individual defendants of theworst forms of child labor for inclusion in this report. + Ensure that information is published on convictions and imposition of penalties of individual defendants of the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure thatall coordinating bodies function as intended and are able to carry out their mandates. + Ensure that all coordinating bodies function as intended and are able to carry out their mandates. Improve coordination on data collection among ministries and between different regions. + + - Allow the Office of the First Lady to coordinate, train,and delegate as needed to ensure that there are no gaps in services when tenure is over in October 2020. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into all relevant policies. - + + Ensure all of the funds budgeted for the National Action Plan for the Fight Against Trafficking, Exploitation, and Child Labor are dispersed. + + + + + N/A + + - Improve access to education by eliminating all school-related fees; improving the accessibility of schools; ensuring that schools are free of physical and sexual abuse; and increasing the number of teachers, sanitation facilities, and schools, particularly in rural areas. Ensure thatall children have access to birth registration and identity documents. + Improve access to education by eliminating all school-related fees; improving the accessibility of schools; ensuring that schools are free of physical and sexual abuse; and increasing the number of teachers, sanitation facilities, and schools, particularly in rural areas. Ensure that all children have access to birth registration and identity documents. - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem in Côte d'Ivoire and institute programs to thoroughlyaddress child labor. + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem in Côte d'Ivoire and institute programs to thoroughly address child labor. - Ensure that victims of the worst forms of child labor are able to accesssocial servicesthroughout the country. + Ensure that victims of the worst forms of child labor are able to access social services throughout the country. Ensure that social programs to address child labor are fully funded by the government. @@ -8206,12 +8675,7 @@ lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. Ensure that programs in support of education are operational and activities are reported. - - - - Ensureall of the funds budgeted for the National Action Plan for the Fight Against Trafficking, Exploitation, and Child Labor are dispersed. - - + Yes @@ -8225,14 +8689,7 @@ lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Djibouti made a moderate advancement in -efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor quadrupled the size of its labor inspectorate, and Djibouti's Police Chief created a new Brigade for Minors. The governmentalso enrolled 5,003 refugee children in education centers in Djibouti City and rural areas in collaboration with UNICEF. However, children in Djibouti engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in -commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. -Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work.Minimum age provisions only apply to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards. Law enforcement efforts are -inadequate to prevent and combat child labor, in partbecause labor -inspectors lack -the authority to assess penalties. In addition, the government did not make adequate -efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack offinancial and human resource allocationand reporting mechanisms. + In 2019, Djibouti made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor quadrupled the size of its labor inspectorate, and Djibouti's Police Chief created a new Brigade for Minors. The government also enrolled 5,003 refugee children in education centers in Djibouti City and rural areas in collaboration with UNICEF. However, children in Djibouti engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. Minimum age provisions only apply to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards. Law enforcement efforts are inadequate to prevent and combat child labor, in part because labor inspectors lack the authority to assess penalties. In addition, the government did not make adequate efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due to lack of financial and human resource allocation and reporting mechanisms. @@ -8310,10 +8767,10 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -8335,31 +8792,33 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off - Unknown (2) - 21 (2) - No (2,20) - Yes (2) - N/A (2) - No (2) - 103 (2) - 73 (2) - Unknown (2) + Unknown + 21 + No + Yes + N/A + No + 103 + 73 + Unknown Unknown Unknown - No (2) - No (2) - Yes (2) - Yes(2) - Yes (2) - Yes(2) - Unknown (2) - N/A (2) - Yes (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Yes (2) + No + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -8370,7 +8829,7 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off Ensure that all children are afforded minimum age for work protections under the law, including children working outside formal employment relationships. - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of a child for commercial sexual exploitation, production of pornography, and pornographic performances. + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in prostitution and the procuring/offering of a child for pornographic performances. @@ -8381,16 +8840,16 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off Strengthen the labor inspectorate by allowing inspectors to assess penalties. - Ensure that the labor inspectorate targets and conducts routinelabor inspections in all relevant sectors, including informal businesses. + Ensure that the labor inspectorate targets and conducts routine labor inspections in all relevant sectors, including informal businesses. - Provide the necessary resourcesfor the Djibouti National Police to make referrals for the prosecution of child labor-related violations. + Provide the necessary resources, including training, for the Djibouti National Police to make viable referrals for the prosecution of child labor-related violations. - Ensure that the complaint mechanism is efficient and transparent. + Ensure that the complaint mechanism exists, and that it is efficient and transparent. - Employ inspectors or controllers dedicated exclusively to child labor law enforcement, and ensure that inspectors receive training on child labor laws. + Employ inspectors or controllers dedicated to child labor law enforcement, and ensure that inspectors receive training on child labor laws. Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. @@ -8398,15 +8857,15 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat child labor. + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat child labor, and ensure existing mechanisms are functioning as indented. - Implement the National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons by taking concrete steps to combat child trafficking. + Implement the National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons by taking concrete steps to combat child trafficking. - Implement existing policies to address child labor, including its worst forms. + Implement existing policies to address child labor, including its worst forms. @@ -8426,7 +8885,7 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off Ensure that the World Food Program Transitional Interim Country Strategic Plan implementation is supported by government collaboration. - Ensure thatall children, including refugees and asylum-seekers, have access to education by removing requirements for national birth certificates or UNHCR refugee documentation to attend school. + Ensure that all children, including refugees and asylum-seekers, have access to education by removing requirements for national birth certificates or UNHCR refugee documentation to attend school. @@ -8442,7 +8901,7 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off Latin America and the Caribbean Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Dominica made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2018, Dominica launched a Climate Resilience Agency and enacted the Climate Resilience Act, which facilitated in 2019 the rebuilding and reopening of all schools that had been damaged by the 2017 hurricane. Although research found no evidence that child labor, including its worst forms, exists in Dominica, no recent study of child labor has been done to confirm this. Dominica's legal framework does not protect children from exploitative work outside of the school year, and the government has not determined the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. The country also lacks prohibitions against the use of children in pornography, or pornographic performances, and the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. + In 2019, Dominica made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2018, Dominica launched a Climate Resilience Agency and enacted the Climate Resilience Act, which facilitated in 2019 the rebuilding and reopening of all schools that had been damaged by the 2017 hurricane. Although research found no evidence that child labor, including its worst forms, exists in Dominica, no recent study of child labor has been done to confirm this. Dominica's legal framework does not protect children from exploitative work outside of the school year, and the government has not determined the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. The country also lacks prohibitions against the use of children in pornography, or pornographic performances, and the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. Yes @@ -8502,10 +8961,10 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off No - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -8520,50 +8979,77 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off Yes - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A + + N/A + Unknown + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Unknown + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + - - - Define the conditions, activities, and number of hours permissible for light work. - - - Enact legislation to expressly prohibit the using, procuring, or offering of a child for the production of pornography or pornographic performances. - + - Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is 18 for all children. + N/A + + - Prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. + N/A + + - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + N/A + + - Determine and codify the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Define the conditions, activities, and number of hours permissible for light work. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + Enact legislation to specifically prohibit the using, procuring, or offering of a child for the production of pornography or pornographic performances. - Employ enough technical officers to provide sufficient labor law enforcement. + Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18 for all children. - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training on the worst forms of child labor. + Prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. - Ensure that the police have sufficient funding, transportation, and equipment to enforce criminal laws. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Develop a national strategy for carrying out labor inspections, including a plan for targeted inspections in areas where child commercial sexual exploitation is known to occur. + Determine and codify the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including members of the Kalinago community who are vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor, by ensuring access to secondary education within the Kalinago territory. @@ -8582,13 +9068,7 @@ efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due tolack off Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, the Dominican -Republic made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of -child labor.The Ministry of Labor significantlyincreased the number of labor inspectors from 148 inspectors in 2018 to 239 inspectors in 2019. The Progressing with Solidarity program also supported over 300,000 households with school-aged children and the government expanded the Extended School Day program whichcovered over 75 percentof the nation’s schoolchildren as of December 2019. However, children in the -Dominican Republic engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in -commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in -agriculture. Other gaps remain, including limited human and financial resources -for the enforcement of child labor laws, and inadequate assistance for children engaged in harmful agricultural work and commercial sexual exploitation. Labor inspectors also lack the authority to assess penalties for violations related to child labor. + In 2019, the Dominican Republic made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor significantly increased the number of labor inspectors from 148 inspectors in 2018 to 205 inspectors in 2019. The Progressing with Solidarity program also supported over 300,000 households with school-aged children and the government expanded the Extended School Day program which covered over 75 percent of the nation’s schoolchildren as of December 2019. However, children in the Dominican Republic engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Other gaps remain, including limited human and financial resources for the enforcement of child labor laws, especially with regards to preventing children from engaging in harmful work in the agricultural sector and commercial sexual exploitation. Labor inspectors also lack the authority to assess penalties for violations related to child labor. Baked Goods @@ -8700,16 +9180,16 @@ for the enforcement of child labor laws, and inadequate assistance for children Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes - Yes* + Yes 18 No - Yes* + Yes No @@ -8719,37 +9199,39 @@ for the enforcement of child labor laws, and inadequate assistance for children Yes - 18‡ + 18 No Yes - $5.1 million (4) - 239 (4) - No (4) - Yes (4) - N/A (4) - Yes (4) - 76,405 (4) - 76,405 (4) - 30‡ (4) - 30‡ (4) - Unknown (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - N/A (4) - Yes (4) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) - Yes (4) + $5.1 million + 239 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 76,405 + 76,405 + 30‡ + 30‡ + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unknown + 0 + 0 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -8757,7 +9239,10 @@ for the enforcement of child labor laws, and inadequate assistance for children Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Raise the minimum age for work from 14 years to the ageup to whicheducation is compulsory. + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 years to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require the use of force, fraud, or coercion as elements of the crime. @@ -8765,16 +9250,16 @@ for the enforcement of child labor laws, and inadequate assistance for children Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties and ensure penalties are severe enough to deter violations. - Increase the number of labor inspectors in accordance with the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, especially in remote rural areas. + Increase the number of labor inspectors in accordance with the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, especially in remote rural areas. - Publish information on the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, and the number of criminal law enforcement investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, andconvictions secured. + Publish information on the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, and the number of criminal law enforcement investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured. - Increase the human and financial resources to ensureadequate criminal law enforcement related to child labor. + Increase the human and financial resources to ensure adequate criminal law enforcement related to child labor. - Improve case trackingso that labor inspectors are able to promptly follow up on violation remediation to improve enforcement of laws prohibiting child labor and discourage the use of child labor by employers. + Improve case tracking so that labor inspectors are able to promptly follow up on violation remediation to improve enforcement of laws prohibiting child labor and discourage the use of child labor by employers. Establish a system to verify the age of young workers to better protect children without birth certificates or other legal documentation from exploitation. @@ -8783,13 +9268,13 @@ for the enforcement of child labor laws, and inadequate assistance for children Improve training of inspectors to increase the quality of interviews with employers and workers, gather consistent documentation, conduct timely re-inspection to ensure compliance, and use inspection data to enable prosecution. - Ensure that labor inspectors are able to communicate with Creole-speaking workers, including those who may be underage, toadequately conduct inspections for child labor violations. + Ensure that labor inspectors are able to communicate with Creole-speaking workers, including those who may be underage, to adequately conduct inspections for child labor violations. - Ensure thatthe National Council for Children and Adolescentshas sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for victims of child labor. + Ensure that the National Council for Children and Adolescents has sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for victims of child labor. - Improve coordination and case tracking systems between the Ministry of Labor and the Office of the Attorney General to ensure violations areadequately investigated and prosecuted. + Improve coordination and case tracking systems between the Ministry of Labor and the Office of the Attorney General to ensure violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. Ensure that government officials are not complicit in facilitating the worst forms of child labor and ensure that perpetrators are prosecuted in accordance with the law. @@ -8797,7 +9282,7 @@ for the enforcement of child labor laws, and inadequate assistance for children - Ensure that the National Steering Committee to Eliminate Child Labor’s Local and Municipal Committees have sufficient resources to effectively coordinate efforts to address child labor. + Ensure that the National Steering Committee to Eliminate Child Labor’s Local and Municipal Committees have sufficient resources to effectively coordinate efforts to address child labor. Ensure the Inter-Institutional Commission Against Child Abuse and Commercial Sexual Exploitation is active. @@ -8813,7 +9298,7 @@ for the enforcement of child labor laws, and inadequate assistance for children Increase efforts to issue identity documents to all children to reduce their vulnerability to labor exploitation. - Revise the Ministry of Education’s Operations Manual of Public Education Centers to reflect Dominican law and policies that allow children without birth certificates or other identity documents to enroll in primary and secondary education and complete schooling. + Ensure children without birth certificates or identity documents are not prevented from enrolling in schools, as permitted by Dominican law. Increase school infrastructure and teacher availability, especially in rural areas, remove supply and school-related fees, and expand efforts to reduce discrimination in schools. @@ -8838,10 +9323,7 @@ for the enforcement of child labor laws, and inadequate assistance for children Latin America and the Caribbean No Significant Advancement - In 2019, Ecuador made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. To improve coordination between ministries, the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion implemented an inter-agency agreement on joint inspections and the government put into effect the Inter-Institutional Action Protocol for the Comprehensive Care and Protection of Victims of Trafficking in Persons. The Ministry of Labor also upgraded its Unified System of Registration of Child Labor to make it easierto report cases and the government adopted the National Action Plan Against Trafficking in Persons.In addition, the government published the resultsof a study that included information on child labor and launched the Palma Futuro project to combat child labor and forced labor in the palm oil sector. However, -children in Ecuador engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in -commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children - also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture.The labor inspectorate continues to lack sufficient resources and children continue to face barriers to education, especially in rural areas. + In 2019, Ecuador made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. To improve coordination between ministries, the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion implemented an inter-agency agreement on joint inspections and the government put into effect the Inter-Institutional Action Protocol for the Comprehensive Care and Protection of Victims of Trafficking in Persons. The Ministry of Labor also upgraded its Unified System of Registration of Child Labor to make it easier to report cases and the government adopted the National Action Plan Against Trafficking in Persons. In addition, the government published the results of a study that included information on child labor and launched the Palma Futuro project to combat child labor and forced labor in the palm oil sector. However, children in Ecuador engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. The labor inspectorate continues to lack sufficient resources and children continue to face barriers to education, especially in rural areas. Gold @@ -8947,10 +9429,10 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -8972,31 +9454,33 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil - $4,171,420(3) - 214(3) - Yes(36) - Yes(3) - N/A(3) - No(3) - 25,280(3) - 25,280(3) - 53(3) - 4(3) - 7(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(36) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - N/A(3) - No(3) - 172(3) - Unknown (3) - 103(3) - Unknown(3) - Yes(3) + $4,171,420 + 214 + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + 25,280 + 25,280 + 53 + 4 + 7 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + No + 172 + Unknown + 103 + Unknown + Yes + Yes @@ -9004,13 +9488,13 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Ensure that laws and regulations governing child labor, especially hazardous labor, are enforced consistently throughout the country, including in rural areas and family-run businesses. - Increase the number of labor inspectorsto meetthe ILO's technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Ensure that the labor inspectorate is properly funded so thatinspectors receive sufficient resources, including transportation and equipment, to adequately carry out their duties.Ensure thatinspections sufficiently cover sectors in which child labor has been reported, including the agricultural sector and the informal sector. + Ensure that the labor inspectorate is properly funded so that inspectors receive sufficient resources, including transportation and equipment, to adequately carry out their duties. Ensure that inspections sufficiently cover sectors in which child labor has been reported, including the agricultural sector and the informal sector. - Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient knowledge of existing laws, penalties, processes,and training in victim identification to conduct inspections and refer victims to social services. + Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient knowledge of existing laws, penalties, processes, and training in victim identification to conduct inspections and refer victims to social services. Ensure that investigators receive sufficient resources, including shelters for victims, to investigate cases of the worst forms of child labor and refer victims. @@ -9022,18 +9506,15 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Ensure that inspectors and investigators receive refresher courses each year on child labor issues. - Publish information collected from the Unified System of Registration of Child Labor Systemand the number of criminal convictions on child labor. + Publish information collected from the Unified System of Registration of Child Labor System and the number of criminal violations found and convictions of crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure that criminal law enforcement, including theNational Police Unit for Crimes against Children and Adolescents, has sufficient resources to investigate cases and that prosecutors at local and provincial levels receive sufficient training. - - - Publish information on the number of violations found and convictions of crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that criminal law enforcement, including the National Police Unit for Crimes against Children and Adolescents, has sufficient resources to investigate cases and that prosecutors at local and provincial levels receive sufficient training. - Strengthen coordinating mechanismsamong ministries providing social services to victims of child labor, especially in the informal sector. + Strengthen coordinating mechanisms among ministries providing social services to victims of child labor, especially in the informal sector. Ensure that key coordinating committees, including the Inter-Institutional Committee for the Eradication of Child Labor, convene on a regular basis to address issues of the worst forms of child labor. @@ -9041,12 +9522,12 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil - Update the National Plan to Eradicate Child Labor and ensure adequate funding for implementation and effectiveinter-agency coordination. + Update the National Plan to Eradicate Child Labor and ensure adequate funding for implementation and effective inter-agency coordination. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education, particularly secondary education, accessible for all children, including indigenous and refugee children and children from rural areas, by removing school-related fees, increasing classroom space and teachers, addressing teen pregnancy issues, and providing adequate transportation. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including indigenous and refugee children and children from rural areas, by increasing classroom space and teachers, addressing teen pregnancy issues, and providing adequate transportation. Enhance efforts to address exploitative labor practices and labor trafficking of migrant and refugee children. @@ -9055,15 +9536,20 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Ensure that children of refugees and migrants have full access to education. - Conduct a new child labor survey so that there is sufficient data to inform government actions to eliminate child labor. + Conduct a comprehensive new child labor survey so that there is sufficient data to inform government actions to eliminate child labor. - Ensure that social programs make interventions in sectors in which child labor is most prevalent, specifically inthe informal and agricultural sectors. + Ensure that social programs make interventions in sectors in which child labor is most prevalent, specifically in the informal and agricultural sectors. Ensure that all social programs that address child labor, including the National Program to Combat Child Begging and Youth Impulse, are active and publish information on activities taken during the reporting period. + + + N/A + + Yes @@ -9077,7 +9563,7 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Middle East and North Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Egypt made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government formed and held the inaugural meeting of the National Steering Committee for the National Action Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor and Supporting Families, which will coordinate the implementation of the plan. The National Council for Childhood and Motherhood also re-established Child Protection Committees that had been inactive. In addition, the Ministry of Social Solidarity exceeded its yearly goal in providing supplemental income to families to support children's school attendance, reachingfive million children by April 2019.However, children in Egypt engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in quarrying limestone. Additionally, the government did not publish data on the enforcement of child labor laws, and programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + In 2019, Egypt made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government formed and held the inaugural meeting of the National Steering Committee for the National Action Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor and Supporting Families, which will coordinate the implementation of the plan. The National Council for Childhood and Motherhood also continued to strengthen Child Protection Committees that had been inactive. Additionally, the Ministry of Social Solidarity exceeded its yearly goal in providing supplemental income to families to support children's school attendance, reaching 5 million children by April 2019. However, children in Egypt engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in quarrying limestone. Additionally, the government did not publish data on the enforcement of child labor laws and programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. Bricks @@ -9196,48 +9682,50 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - No (6) - Unknown (6) + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown N/A - Yes (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Unknown (6) + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown N/A - Yes(52) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Yes (6) + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Publish information on labor inspection,including funding, the number of labor inspectors, initial training for inspectors, number of labor inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. + Publish information on labor inspection, including funding, the number of labor inspectors, initial training for inspectors, number of labor inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties. - Publish information on initial and refresher training for criminal investigators andthedisaggregated number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties for criminal violations of child labor laws. + Publish information on initial and refresher training for criminal investigators and the disaggregated number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties for criminal violations of child labor laws. Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. @@ -9267,6 +9755,11 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Ensure that brick production is included under laws that prohibit children from exposure to hazardous work. + + + N/A + + Yes @@ -9423,37 +9916,39 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Yes - 18‡ + 18 No Yes - Unknown (5) - 106 (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) + Unknown + 106 + Yes + Yes N/A - Yes(5) - 33,532 (5) - 788 (5) - 2 (5) - 0 (5) - 0 (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Unknown (5) + Yes + 33,532 + 788 + 2 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown N/A - Yes (5) - Unknown(5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown(5) - 0 (5) - Yes (1) + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + 0 + Yes + Yes @@ -9470,7 +9965,7 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Improve coordination between the National Civil Police and the Office of the Attorney General in their investigation and prosecution of criminal cases related to the worst forms of child labor, including by developing information-sharing capabilities. - Increase the number of labor inspectorsto meet the ILO's technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. Ensure and verify that child labor themes are included in annual refresher courses for inspectors. @@ -9479,12 +9974,12 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil Publish or make publicly available the labor inspectorate's level of funding. - Collect and publish complete information on training for new criminal investigators anddata on the number of investigations conducted, criminal violations found, and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. + Collect and publish complete information on training for new criminal investigators and data on the number of investigations conducted, criminal violations found, and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Youth Policy for 2010–2024. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Youth Policy for 2010–2024. Ensure implementation of policies addressing the worst forms of child labor and report on yearly activities. @@ -9506,7 +10001,7 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil - Ensure actions are taken to carry out the mandates of the Departmental and Local Committees for Children’s and Adolescents’ Rights and the National Council Against Trafficking in Persons. + Ensure actions are taken to carry out the mandates of the Departmental and Local Committees for Children’s and Adolescents’ Rights and the National Council Against Trafficking in Persons. Ensure coordinating bodies have sufficient funding to meet yearly operational and service demands. @@ -9514,7 +10009,7 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil - Raise the minimum age for work from 14 years to the ageup to which education is compulsory. + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 years to the age up to which education is compulsory. @@ -9529,10 +10024,8 @@ commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Chil https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2019, Eritreais receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, Eritrea is receiving an assessment of no advancement because it had a policy ofbeing complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents.Government officials continued to force students in grade 12, some of whom are under the age of 18, to participate in military training elements of the government's compulsory national service program. The government also maintains a summer worksprogram calledMaetot, in which children engage in compulsory labor in agricultural, environmental, and hygiene-related public works projects. Otherwise, the government made efforts by acceding to ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor and providing data for the first time on sectors targeted for inspection and the number of labor inspectors on its payroll. Children in Eritrea engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced military training associated with national service and forced agricultural labor.The government also has not issued a list identifying hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for -children. In addition, the government does not have a mechanism to coordinate -its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2019, Eritrea is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, Eritrea is receiving an assessment of no advancement because it had a policy of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. Government officials continued to force students in grade 12, some of whom are under the age of 18, to participate in military training elements of the government's compulsory national service program. Otherwise, the government made efforts by acceding to ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor and, for the first time, providing data on sectors targeted for inspection and the number of labor inspectors on its payroll. Children in Eritrea engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced military training associated with national service and forced agricultural labor. The government also has not issued a list identifying hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. In addition, the government does not have a mechanism to coordinate its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. @@ -9549,7 +10042,7 @@ its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. Unavailable - 0.453 + 0.603 @@ -9629,37 +10122,39 @@ its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. Yes - 14‡ + 14 No Yes - Unknown (32) - 28 (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (32) - N/A (32) - Yes (32) - 1,166 (32) - 1,166 (32) - 0 (8) - N/A(8) - N/A(8) - Yes (8) - Yes(8) - Yes(32) - Yes (32) - Unknown (32) - Unknown (32) - Unknown (32) - N/A (32) - Yes (8) - Unknown (32) - Unknown (32) - Unknown (32) - Unknown (32) - Unknown (32) + Unknown + 28 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 1,166 + 1,166 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown @@ -9687,16 +10182,16 @@ its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. - Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, number of violations in which penalties were imposed and collected, whether complaint mechanism and reciprocal referral mechanismsare in place, as well as whether initial criminal training for new employees is provided. + Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, number of violations in which penalties were imposed and collected, whether a complaint mechanism and reciprocal referral mechanisms are in place, and whether initial criminal training for new employees is provided. - Increase the number of labor inspectorsto meetthe ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Establish mechanisms to ensure that children under age 18 are not forced to participate in compulsory military training or hazardous labor assignments as part of national service. - Ensure labor inspectors are providedsufficient resources, including transportation, to access sites where child labor is likely to occur. + Ensure labor inspectors are provided sufficient resources, including transportation, to access sites in which child labor is likely to occur. @@ -9706,10 +10201,10 @@ its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure that activities are undertaken toimplement the Comprehensive National Child Policy. + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Comprehensive National Child Policy. - Ensure that children under age 18 are notplaced in military or hazardous labor assignments as part of national service. + Ensure that children under age 18 are not placed in military or hazardous labor assignments as part of national service. Cease requiring children to perform compulsory labor under the Maetot program during the school break. @@ -9717,7 +10212,7 @@ its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure that all children have access to education by building more schools and removing financial and religiousbarriers to attendance, as outlined in the 2018 Education Sector DevelopmentPlan. + Ensure that all children have access to education by building more schools and removing financial and religious barriers to attendance, as outlined in the 2018 Education Sector Development Plan. Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. @@ -9738,15 +10233,8 @@ its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eswatini Sub-Saharan Africa No - Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Eswatini made aminimal advancement in -efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a program with IOM to Strengthen the Coordination Mechanism to Respond to Trafficking in Persons and Ensure Justice and Protection for all Victims of Trafficking in Eswatini. However, children in Eswatini -engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and -herding livestock, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Significant gaps in the legal framework remain, -including a lack of legislation regulating the labor conditions under Kuhlehla and other customary practices, -and a de facto compulsory education age that does not meet international -standards.In addition, minimum age protections do not extend to children engaged in domestic work and agriculture, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. Furthermore, social -programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. + Moderate Advancement + In 2019, Eswatini made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a program with IOM to Strengthen the Coordination Mechanism to Respond to Trafficking in Persons and Ensure Justice and Protection for all Victims of Trafficking in ESwatini. The government also approved and formally launched a new Trafficking in Persons National Strategic Framework and Action Plan. In addition, the government sentenced one individual to 15 years in prison for subjecting a 16 year old to forced labor and arrested a senior government official for the sex trafficking of a minor. However, children in Eswatini engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and herding livestock. Significant gaps in the legal framework remain, including a lack of legislation regulating the labor conditions under Kuhlehla and other customary practices, and a de facto compulsory education age that does not meet international standards. In addition, minimum age protections do not extend to children engaged in domestic work and agriculture, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. Bovines @@ -9831,10 +10319,10 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -9850,37 +10338,39 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. No - 12/13‡ + 12/13‡ No No - $900,000(16) - 15(16) - No(15) - Yes(15) - N/A (15) - No(15) - 1,580 (16) - 1,580(16) - 0(16) - N/A (16) - N/A(16) - Yes(15) - Yes(15) - Yes(15) - Yes(15) - Yes(15) - Yes(15) - Yes(15) - Yes(15) - Yes(15) - Unknown (16) - 0(35) - 0(16) - 0(16) - Yes(15) + $900,000 + 15 + No + Yes + N/A + No + 1,580 + 1,580 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + 5 + 0 + 4 + 1 + Yes + No @@ -9891,16 +10381,16 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Adopt legislation that prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Adopt legislation that regulates the work performed through traditional practices like Kuhlehla. + Adopt legislation that regulates the work performed through traditional practices like Kuhlehla. - Ensure thatminimum age provisionsextend to all children, including those working in agriculture and domestic work. + Ensure that minimum age provisions extend to all children, including those working in agriculture and domestic work. Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and cover agricultural undertakings and domestic work. - Establish by law free basic public education through grade nine. + Establish by law free basic public education through lower secondary education. @@ -9919,7 +10409,7 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Implement child labor-related policies, including the National Children's Policy. - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Eswatini Education and Training Sector Policy. Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and the use of children in illicit activities. @@ -9930,7 +10420,7 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Ensure that children are able to access free basic education, including paying or eliminating school fees for lower secondary education. - Develop social protection programs to assist children engaged in child labor in domestic service and herding. + Develop social protection programs to assist children engaged in child labor in domestic work and herding. Ensure a minimum quality of standard care in shelters for victims of child trafficking. @@ -9944,10 +10434,10 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - Provide labor inspectors with refresher courses on the worst forms of child labor. + Provide labor inspectors with refresher courses on the worst forms of child labor. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Provide adequate resources to labor inspectors and criminal investigators so they can fulfill their mandates. @@ -9966,7 +10456,7 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Ethiopia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government issued a new Labor Proclamation, raising the minimum age for work from 14 to 15 years, and approved the Organizations of Civil Societies Proclamation, replacing a 2009 law that limited the operations of organizations working on child and forced labor issues in Ethiopia. With external support, the government also launched the Effective Approaches in Ending the Worst Forms of Child Labor program to test and measure innovative approaches to address the worst forms of child labor. However, children in Ethiopia continue to engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The law in Ethiopia does not include free basic education or a compulsory age for education, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Social programs to combat child labor have also not sufficiently targeted sectors with high incidences of child labor. + In 2019, Ethiopia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government issued a new Labor Proclamation, raising the minimum age for work from 14 to 15 years, and approved the Organizations of Civil Societies Proclamation, replacing a 2009 law that limited the operations of organizations working on child and forced labor issues in Ethiopia. With external support, the government also launched the Effective Approaches in Ending the Worst Forms of Child Labor program to test and measure innovative approaches to address the worst forms of child labor. However, children in Ethiopia continue to engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. The law in Ethiopia does not include free basic education or a compulsory age for education, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Social programs to combat child labor have also not sufficiently targeted sectors with high incidences of child labor. Gold @@ -9981,16 +10471,16 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. No - Textiles (hand-woven) + Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) Yes - Yes - Yes + No + No - Khat/Miraa + Textiles (hand-woven) Yes - No - No + Yes + Yes @@ -10069,14 +10559,14 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes - 18‡ + 18 No Yes @@ -10094,31 +10584,33 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. - $220,673 (10) - 685 (10) - No (10,29) - No (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - 41,738 (10) - 41,738(10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes (10) + $220,673 + 685 + No + No + Yes + Yes + 41,738 + 41,738 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -10126,16 +10618,16 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Strengthen the labor inspectorate by permitting labor inspectors to assess penalties. - Ensure that labor inspectors receive initial training,have sufficient resources to conduct inspections in all sectors, and are able to coordinate adequately with other agencies. + Ensure that labor inspectors receive initial training, have sufficient resources to conduct inspections in all sectors, and are able to coordinate adequately with other agencies. Ensure that both domestic and transnational child trafficking cases are investigated. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - Gather,disaggregate,and publish information on the number of child labor violations found and penalties applied and collected, as well as the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. + Gather, disaggregate, and publish information on the number of child labor violations found and penalties applied and collected; and the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. @@ -10148,15 +10640,15 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in the Education Sector Development Program, the National Technical &amp; Vocational Education &amp; Training Strategy, and the National Youth Policy. - Ensure existing policies and action plans to address the worstforms of child laborare implemented as intended. + Ensure existing policies and action plans to address the worst forms of child labor are implemented as intended. - Increase access to education for all children by decreasing the distance to schools in rural areas, hiring additional teachers,constructing sanitation facilities, eliminating school-related costs, and addressing the sexual abuse and harassment of girls. + Increase access to education for all children by decreasing the distance to schools in rural areas, hiring additional teachers, constructing sanitation facilities, and eliminating school-related costs. - Develop or expand social protection programs to prevent or withdraw children from all relevant sectors of child labor, including agriculture and domestic work, ensuring safeguards are in place to guard against child labor violations. + Develop or expand social protection programs to prevent or withdraw children from all relevant sectors of child labor, including agriculture and domestic work, ensuring safeguards are in place to guard against child labor violations. Ensure that social services, such as rehabilitation and reintegration centers, are available throughout the country. @@ -10170,7 +10662,7 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, including hazardous tasks in traditional weaving. - Establish by law, free basic education and an age up to which education is compulsory that is consistent with the minimum age of employment. + Establish by law free basic education and an age up to which education is compulsory that is consistent with the minimum age of employment. @@ -10186,9 +10678,7 @@ programs do not adequately address the full scope of the problem. Europe and Eurasia Minimal Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Falkland Islands, in 2019 the government made a minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Safeguarding Children’s Board convened multiple times to discuss issues related to the safety and wellbeing of children. However, the minimum ages for work and for hazardous work do not meet international standards, and the law does not prohibit adults from -using, procuring, and offering a child for the production and trafficking of -drugs. + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Falkland Islands, in 2019 the government made a minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Safeguarding Children’s Board convened multiple times to discuss issues related to the safety and wellbeing of children. However, the minimum ages for work and for hazardous work do not meet international standards, and the law does not prohibit adults from using, procuring, and offering a child for the production and trafficking of drugs. No @@ -10248,10 +10738,10 @@ drugs. No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -10272,27 +10762,71 @@ drugs. Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Raise the minimum age for work to at least 15 and up to the age to which education is compulsory in all sectors. - Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18. + Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18 and that national law determines prohibited work activities for children. - Ensure that the law protects all children under age 18 from being trafficked for any purpose, including labor exploitation. + Ensure that the law protects all children under age 18 from being trafficked for any purpose, including labor exploitation. Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. @@ -10308,8 +10842,7 @@ drugs. Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Fiji made a moderate advancement in -efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government successfully prosecuted a case of domestic child trafficking, resulting in the firstconviction of its kind since 2014. The Fiji police also formalized its Human Trafficking Unit and hired seven dedicated officers. In addition, the Ministry of Employment, Productivity, and Industrial Relations allocated $160,000 to combat child labor, particularlyin the sugarcane industry.However, children in Fiji engage in the worst forms of child labor,includingin commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The law does not establish free public education, and there are no criminal prohibitions against the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. + In 2019, Fiji made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government successfully prosecuted a case of domestic child trafficking, resulting in the first conviction of its kind since 2014. The Fiji police also formalized its Human Trafficking Unit and hired seven dedicated officers. In addition, the Ministry of Employment, Productivity, and Industrial Relations allocated $160,000 to combat child labor, particularly in the sugarcane industry. However, children in Fiji engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The law does not establish free public education, and there are no criminal prohibitions against the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. @@ -10387,10 +10920,10 @@ efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -10412,36 +10945,38 @@ efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period - $3.9 million (9) - 73 (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - N/A (9) - Yes (9) - 3,562 (9) - 3,562 (9) - 41 (9) - 0 (9) - 0 (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - N/A (9) - Yes (9) - 2 (9) - 2 (9) - 1 (9) - 1 (9) - Yes (9) + $3.9 million + 73 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 3,562 + 3,562 + 41 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Yes - Accede to theUN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. Establish by law free basic public education. @@ -10450,7 +10985,7 @@ efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. @@ -10461,7 +10996,7 @@ efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period Establish a coordinating mechanism to address all of the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and child trafficking. - Ensure that Regional Inter-Agency Committees on Child Abuse are active and fulfilltheir mandate to combat child labor and abuse. + Ensure that Regional Inter-Agency Committees on Child Abuse are active and fulfill their mandate to combat child labor and abuse. @@ -10482,7 +11017,7 @@ efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period Allow unannounced inspections within the informal sector without having to first request permission from the business owner. - Ensure that penaltiesare assessed for child labor violations detected. + Ensure that penalties are assessed for child labor violations detected. @@ -10497,13 +11032,8 @@ efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gabon Sub-Saharan Africa No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Gabon made a minimal advancement in -efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The government convicted two individualsof child trafficking and successfully extradited a prominent businessman andparliamentarian accused oftraffickingchildren for commercial sexual exploitation from the Republic of the Congo. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Gabon is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a regression in practice that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to provide evidence it conducted worksite inspections during the reporting period. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Gabon engage in the worst forms of child labor, includingin commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. Gabonese law lacks prohibitions against -the use of children in illicit activities and the minimum age for work -provisions only apply to children in formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age for work. In addition, labor inspectors do -not have the authority to assess penalties, and they lack the basic resources necessary to conduct -investigations. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Gabon made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government convicted two individuals of child trafficking and successfully extradited from the Republic of Congo a prominent businessman and parliamentarian accused of trafficking children for commercial sexual exploitation. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Gabon is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a regression in practice that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to provide evidence it conducted worksite inspections during the reporting period. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Gabon engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. Gabonese law lacks prohibitions against the use of children in illicit activities and the minimum age for work provisions only apply to children in formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age for work. In addition, labor inspectors do not have the authority to assess penalties, and they lack the basic resources necessary to conduct investigations. @@ -10581,10 +11111,10 @@ investigations. No - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -10606,31 +11136,33 @@ investigations. - Unknown(10) - Unknown(10) - No (10) - No (10) - N/A (10) - Yes(10) - 0(10) - N/A (10) - 0 (10) - N/A(10) - N/A(10) - Yes (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes(10) - Unknown(10) - Yes (10) - Unknown (10) - No (10) - N/A (10) - N/A (10) - 1 (10) - 28 (10) - 3 (10) - 2(10) - Yes (10) + Unknown + Unknown + No + No + N/A + Yes + 0 + N/A + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + No + N/A + Unknown + 1 + 28 + 3 + 2 + Yes + Yes @@ -10638,10 +11170,10 @@ investigations. Ensure that minimum age protections are extended to children working outside of formal employment relationships. - Establish criminal prohibitions for child trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation. + Establish criminal prohibitions for child trafficking even when not done in exchange for remuneration or other advantage. - Establish criminal prohibitions for producing child pornography and procuring or offering children for pornographic performances. + Establish criminal prohibitions for the use, procurement, and offering of children for the production of pornography and pornographic performances, and the use of children in prostitution. Establish criminal prohibitions for using children in illicit activities, including both producing and trafficking of drugs. @@ -10660,10 +11192,10 @@ investigations. - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, including inactivitiessuch as domestic work and work in transportation. + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, including in activities such as domestic work and work in transportation. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing policies. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing relevant policies. @@ -10671,7 +11203,7 @@ investigations. Conduct a national child labor survey or similar research to determine the specific activities carried out by working children to inform policies and programs. - Ensure that children have access to education by eliminating school fees, increasing the number of teachers and schools in rural areas, and ensuring that schools are free from sexual abuse; and makeefforts to provide all children with birth registration. + Ensure that children have access to education by eliminating school fees, increasing the number of teachers and schools in rural areas, and ensuring that schools are free from sexual abuse; and make efforts to provide all children with birth registration. Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem and ensure that the government continues to provide adequate support to victims of child labor, including sufficient shelter space for victims. @@ -10679,10 +11211,10 @@ investigations. - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties and conduct routine and unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector. + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by having inspectors to assess penalties and conduct routine and unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector. - Publish information on the funding level for the labor inspectorate and number of labor inspectors, and ensure both inspectors and investigators receive adequate funding and resources to carry out inspections and investigations. + Publish information on the funding level for the labor inspectorate and number of labor inspectors, and ensure both inspectors and investigators receive adequate funding, training, and resources to carry out inspections and investigations. Ensure that labor inspectors are not tasked with conciliation or arbitration duties, and that they can carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring throughout the country. @@ -10704,10 +11236,7 @@ investigations. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, The Gambia made amoderate advancement in efforts to eliminate -the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting year, the government signed the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict.The Government of the Gambia also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Government of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to put in place formal protections for Gambian workers employed in the UAE. In addition, the National Agency Against Trafficking in Persons held trainings, some in conjunction with local and international partners, for government officials at border posts, school-aged children, The Gambia Police, travel agencies and airlines, and the Tourism Security Unit, on trafficking in persons issues. However, children in The Gambia engage in the worst forms of child -labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of -human trafficking, and forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that children may commence an apprenticeship in the informal sector at the age of 12, an age below the compulsory education age of 16. Although the government has adopted various policies addressing human trafficking, research found no evidence of a policy on other worst forms of child labor. In addition, the scope of social programs is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem, as programs do not reach all children working in agriculture and domestic work, or those vulnerable to human trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, forced begging, and street work. + In 2019, The Gambia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting year, the government signed the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. The Government of the Gambia also signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of the United Arab Emirates to put in place formal protections for Gambian workers employed in the United Arab Emirates. In addition, the National Agency Against Trafficking in Persons held trainings, some in conjunction with local and international partners, for government officials at border posts, school-aged children, The Gambia Police, travel agencies, airlines, and the Tourism Security Unit, on trafficking in persons issues. However, children in The Gambia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that children may commence an apprenticeship in the informal sector at the age of 12, an age below the compulsory education age of 16. Although the government has adopted various policies addressing human trafficking, research found no evidence of a policy on other worst forms of child labor. In addition, the scope of social programs is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem, as programs do not reach all children working in agriculture and domestic work, or those vulnerable to human trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, forced begging, and street work. @@ -10785,10 +11314,10 @@ human trafficking, and forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that ch Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -10804,42 +11333,44 @@ human trafficking, and forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that ch Yes - 16‡ + 16 No Yes - Unknown (18) - 7 (18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - N/A (18) - Yes (18) - Unknown (18) - Unknown (18) - 1 (18) - 0 (18) - N/A (18) - Yes (18) - Yes(37) - Yes (18) - Yes(18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - Yes (18) - N/A (18) - Yes (18) - 0 (18) - 0 (18) - 1 (18) - 0 (18) - Yes (18) + Unknown + 7 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 1 + 0 + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + Yes + N/A - Harmonize provisions of the Children’s Act and the labor code that regulate apprenticeships and ensure that children attain at least 14 years of age before beginning workplace apprenticeships. + Harmonize provisions of the Children’s Act and the labor code that regulate apprenticeships and ensure that children attain at least 14 years of age before beginning workplace apprenticeships. @@ -10847,19 +11378,19 @@ human trafficking, and forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that ch Ensure that the village development committees receive training on the worst forms of child labor. - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing labor laws, including laws related to child labor, to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing labor laws, including laws related to child labor, to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s funding levels andtotalinspections, including those conducted at worksites. + Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s funding levels and total inspections, including those conducted at worksites. Ensure the labor inspectorate has authority to conduct inspections on farms and in homes. - Ensure penalties for child trafficking are applied fully to deter violations and government officials are trained in the application of those penalties. + Ensure penalties for child trafficking are comprehensively applied to deter violations and government officials are trained in the application of those penalties. - Ensure neighborhood watch groups are properly trainedto monitor and report cases of child labor. + Ensure neighborhood watch groups are properly trained to monitor and report cases of child labor. Implement standard operating procedures to provide for proactive child sex trafficking victim identification and access to remedy. @@ -10870,7 +11401,7 @@ human trafficking, and forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that ch - Ensure the NAATIP has sufficient funding to conduct investigations on trafficking in persons. + Ensure the National Agency Against Trafficking in Persons Task Force has sufficient funding to conduct investigations on trafficking in persons. Ensure that the National Coordination Committee on Child Labor meets regularly and carries out activities to support its mandate. @@ -10878,16 +11409,16 @@ human trafficking, and forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that ch - Ensure that children can completecompulsory schooling by subsidizing or defraying the cost of books, uniforms, and other fees. + Ensure that children can complete compulsory schooling by subsidizing or defraying the cost of books, uniforms, and other fees. - Undertake activities in support of the CombatingChild Sex Tourism Project. + Undertake activities in support of the Combating Child Sex Tourism Project. Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem. - Enhance opportunities for children to access education by providing adequate teaching facilities and clean water, and assigning teachers to rural areas. + Enhance opportunities for children to access education by providing adequate teaching facilities and clean water, and increasing the number of teachers in rural areas. @@ -10911,12 +11442,7 @@ human trafficking, and forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that ch Europe and Eurasia No Moderate Advancement - In -2019, Georgia made amoderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor. The government passed and implemented the 2019 Law on Occupational Safety, whichgrants labor inspectors the ability to enter any business for occupational health and safety reasons without prior notification. In addition, law enforcement agenciesincreased theirefforts to combat child begging by investigating, prosecuting, and convicting individuals who force children to beg and providing services to child victims of forced begging.However, children in Georgia engage -in the worst forms of child labor, including inforced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The labor inspectorate did not conduct inspections in the agriculture sector, and the labor law governing child labor is not in compliance with international standards because it does not apply to informal work. In addition, the compulsory education age leaves -15-year-old children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor, as they are -not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work full time. + In 2019, Georgia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed and implemented the 2019 Law on Occupational Safety, which grants labor inspectors the ability to enter any business for occupational health and safety reasons without prior notification. In addition, law enforcement agencies increased their efforts to combat child begging by investigating, prosecuting, and convicting individuals who force children to beg and providing services to child victims of forced begging. However, children in Georgia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including inforced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The labor inspectorate did not conduct inspections in the agriculture sector, and the labor law governing the minimum age for work is not in compliance with international standards because it does not apply to informal work. In addition, the compulsory education age leaves children who are 15 years of age vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor, as they are not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work full time. @@ -11016,37 +11542,39 @@ not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work full time. Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - $517,241 (1) - 40 (1,30) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - 1,530 (1) - 1,530 (1) - 2 (1) - 2 (1) - 2 (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1,30) - Yes (1,30) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - 6 (3) - 29 (1) - 4(3) - 2 (1) - Yes (1) + $517,241 + 40 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 1,530 + 1,530 + 2 + 2 + 2 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 6 + 29 + 4 + 2 + Yes + 2 @@ -11065,21 +11593,21 @@ not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work full time. - Ensure that the Department of Labor Inspection has funding to employ a sufficient number of inspectors and that inspectors are capable of performing quality targeted, complaint-based, and unannounced inspections in all sectors and businesses on all labor laws. + Ensure that the Department of Labor Inspection within the Ministry of Labor, Health, and Social Affairs has funding to employ a sufficient number of inspectors and that inspectors are capable of performing quality targeted, complaint-based, and unannounced inspections in all sectors and businesses on all labor laws. - Ensure that legislation permits the Department of Labor Inspection to conduct targeted, complaint-based, and unannounced inspections related to all labor laws and empowers inspectors to assess penalties for all violations detected. + Ensure that legislation permits the Department of Labor Inspection within the Ministry of Labor, Health, and Social Affairs to conduct targeted, complaint-based, and unannounced inspections related to all labor laws and empowers inspectors to assess penalties for all violations detected. Increase the number of labor inspectors to monitor and combat child labor. - Ensure thatinspections are conducted in all economic sectors where child labor violations may be present, including agriculture. + Ensure that inspections are conducted in all economic sectors in which child labor violations may be present, including agriculture. - Increase coordination between the Department of Labor Inspection and Criminal Police Department. + Continue to increase coordination between the Department of Labor Inspection within the Ministry of Labor, Health, and Social Affairs and the Criminal Police Department. @@ -11092,13 +11620,13 @@ not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work full time.Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially for street children. - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in agriculture,to inform policies and programs. + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in agriculture, to inform policies and programs. Make additional efforts to register children from Roma communities and provide them with identity documents, and ensure that these groups can access education. - Ensure thatsocially vulnerable children, children from impoverished families, and children who live in rural areas have access to education. + Ensure that socially vulnerable children, children from impoverished families, and children who live in rural areas have access to education. @@ -11114,12 +11642,7 @@ not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work full time.Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Ghana made a minimal advancement in -efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government committed to use the Trafficking in Persons Information System developed by the International Organizationfor Migration to improve case tracking and inter-ministerial coordinated responses. However, children in Ghana continue to engage in the worst forms of child -labor, including in fishing and cocoa harvesting, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Prohibitions related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards as the use of children in pornographic performances is not criminally prohibited, and the -law alsodoes not prohibit theuse of children for illicit activities, including for the productionand trafficking of drugs. Additionally, the government has not acceded to -the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and -Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government's abilities to adequately enforce labor lawsand implement social programs during the reporting period. + In 2019, Ghana made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government committed to use the Trafficking in Persons Information System developed by the International Organization for Migration to improve case tracking and inter-ministerial coordinated responses. However, children in Ghana continue to engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa harvesting, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Prohibitions related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards as the use of children in pornographic performances is not criminally prohibited, and the law also does not prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Additionally, the government has not acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government's abilities to adequately enforce labor laws and implement social programs during the reporting period. Gold @@ -11225,10 +11748,10 @@ Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government's ab No - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -11244,42 +11767,49 @@ Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government's ab Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - Unknown (2) - 57 (2) - No (2) - No(2) - N/A(2) - Yes(2) - 328 (39) - 160‡(2) - 32 (39) - Unknown(2) - Unknown(2) - Yes(2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2,44) - Yes(2) - Yes (2) - Yes(2) - Yes (2) - N/A (2) - Yes (2) - 36 (39) - 152 (39) - 4(2) - 4 (2) - Yes(2) + Unknown + 57 + No + No + N/A + Yes + 328 + 160‡ + 32 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 36 + 152 + 4 + 4 + Yes + Yes + + + N/A + + - Ratifythe UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. Ensure that laws criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, including by prohibiting the use of a child in pornographic performances. @@ -11293,33 +11823,33 @@ Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government's ab - Ensure that prosecutors who have received sufficient legal training oversee and lead the prosecution of cases involving the worst forms of child labor, that an adequate number of state attorneys are available to prosecute cases, thatgovernment officials do not intervene in criminal investigations, and that these cases are prosecuted according to the law. + Ensure that prosecutors who have received sufficient legal training oversee and lead the prosecution of cases involving the worst forms of child labor, that an adequate number of state attorneys are available to prosecute cases, that government officials do not intervene in criminal investigations, and that these cases are prosecuted according to the law. - Publish information on the amount of funding allocated to the labor inspectorate and ensure thatinspectorates have adequate resources, including office space, transportation, and supplies toadequately carry out their mandate throughout the country. + Publish information on the amount of funding allocated to the labor inspectorate and ensure that inspectorates have adequate resources, including office space, transportation, and supplies to adequately carry out their mandate throughout the country. - Ensure effective communication between the Ghana Police Service andAttorney General'soffice to further efforts to prosecute cases of child trafficking. + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors tomeetthe ILO’s technical advice. + Strengthen and fully fund the mechanism to track cases of child labor for referral between law enforcement and social services providers. - Strengthen and fully fund themechanism to track cases of child labor for referral between law enforcement or social services providers. + Improve communication and coordination among criminal enforcement agencies to prosecute cases of the worst forms of child labor and provide adequate victim support. - Ensure that criminal enforcement agencies coordinateadequately and receive adequate resources for transportation and victim support. + Publish data on number of child labor violations found and penalties imposed. - Publishdata on number of child labor violations found, prosecutions initiated, and penalties imposed. + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties for labor violations. - - - Ensure that government policies are active and publish information on their activities. + Ensure labor inspectors receive adequate training, including initial training for new inspectors. + + - Ensure that the government has the funding and staff to implement its mandates in the National Plan of Action for Trafficking in Persons. + Ensure that government policies are active, adequately funded, and publish information on their activities. @@ -11327,13 +11857,13 @@ Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government's ab Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees, increasing the number of classrooms, improving access to schools, providing sanitation facilities, and prohibiting sexual harassment in schools. - Ensure that social programs are active andreceive sufficient funding to carry out their objectives. + Ensure that social programs are active and receive sufficient funding to carry out their objectives. Expand the availability of government-supported shelter services for child victims and ensure that all shelters are operational. - Create, replicate, and expand effective models for addressing exploitative child labor in the cocoa sector. + Create, replicate, and expand effective models for addressing exploitative child labor in the cocoa, fishing, and mining sectors. Ensure that opportunities such as vocational training are available to secondary school students enrolled in the dual-track system. @@ -11352,12 +11882,7 @@ Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government's ab Latin America and the Caribbean No Advancement - In 2019, Grenada made noadvancementin efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor.Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Grenada, no study of child labor has been done to confirm this. The government's ability to prevent children -from becoming engaged in the worst forms of child labor is limited because -existing laws do not comprehensively prohibit child trafficking and the -commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition, there are insufficient -prohibitions against children’s involvement in hazardous work and illicit -activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. + In 2019, Grenada made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Grenada, no study of child labor has been done to confirm this. The government's ability to prevent children from becoming engaged in the worst forms of child labor is limited because existing laws do not comprehensively prohibit child trafficking and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition, there is no explicit prohibition against children’s involvement in hazardous work and illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. Yes @@ -11417,16 +11942,16 @@ activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. No - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -11442,31 +11967,33 @@ activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. - Unknown (2) - 6 (2) - No (2) - N/A (2) - N/A (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - N/A (2) - N/A (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Yes(2) - Yes (2) - No(2) - Yes (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Yes (2) + Unknown + 6 + No + N/A + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -11489,12 +12016,17 @@ activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + N/A + + - Provide sufficient funding and resources to allow agencies responsible for the enforcement of labor laws to fulfill their mission. + Provide sufficient funding and resources to allow agencies responsible for the enforcement of labor laws to fulfill their mission, including in the informal sector. - Publish labor and criminal law enforcement data, including: information on the number and type of labor inspections; information on criminal inspectors' training; and the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions in criminal law enforcement of the worst forms of child labor. + Publish labor and criminal law enforcement data, including the following: information on the number and type of labor inspections; information on criminal inspectors' training; and the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions in criminal law enforcement of the worst forms of child labor. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. @@ -11519,7 +12051,7 @@ activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor,to inform policies and programs. + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. @@ -11535,16 +12067,7 @@ activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. Latin America and the Caribbean No Significant Advancement - In 2019, Guatemala made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The government effectively raised its minimum age for work to 15 andadopted an integrated service model aimed at better processing cases involving child victims of human trafficking.Government agencies also began implementing the Child Labor Risk Identification Model, which is designed to identify child labor vulnerabilities and develop strategies in response. Furthermore, Guatemala developed a monitoring and evaluation tool in anticipation of a new national action plan to combat child labor and launched the next phase of its Blue Heart campaign to raise awareness about human trafficking.However, -children in Guatemala are engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including -in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. -Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, such as in the production of coffee. The lack of a sufficient -number of labor inspectors and resources limited the Ministry of -Labor and Social Security'sability to combat the worst forms of child -labor. In addition, existing -social programs are insufficient to reach all children engaged in exploitative -labor and, in particular, do not target childrenengaged in domestic work or -agriculture. + In 2019, Guatemala made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government effectively raised its minimum age for work to 15 and adopted an integrated service model aimed at better processing cases involving child victims of human trafficking. Government agencies also began implementing the Child Labor Risk Identification Model, which is designed to identify child labor vulnerabilities and develop strategies in response. Furthermore, Guatemala developed a monitoring and evaluation tool in anticipation of a new national action plan to combat child labor and launched the next phase of its Blue Heart campaign to raise awareness about human trafficking. However, children in Guatemala are engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, such as in the production of coffee. The lack of a sufficient number of labor inspectors and resources limited the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare's ability to combat the worst forms of child labor. In addition, existing social programs are insufficient to reach all children engaged in exploitative labor and, in particular, do not target children engaged in domestic work or agriculture. Broccoli @@ -11681,37 +12204,39 @@ agriculture. Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - $402,597 (25) - 203(69) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - N/A (25) - Yes (25) - 34,439 (25) - 18,426 (25) - 10 (25) - 3 (25) - Unknown (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - N/A (25) - N/A (25) - Yes (25) - Unknown(25) - Unknown (25) - 67 (25) - 20 (25) - Yes (25) + $402,597 + 203 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 34,439 + 18,426 + 10 + 3 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 67 + 20 + Yes + Yes @@ -11719,7 +12244,7 @@ agriculture. Eliminate the exception allowing some children under age 14 to work, or establish a light work framework for children ages 12 to 14 outlining restrictions on working conditions, type of work, and number of hours of work. - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under 18 into non-state armed groups. + Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children underage 18 into non-state armed groups. @@ -11727,13 +12252,13 @@ agriculture. Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Provide sufficient funding and resources tothe labor inspectorate to ensure operational needs are met. + Provide sufficient funding and resources to the labor inspectorate to ensure operational needs are met. Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient resources and staff to conduct quality criminal investigations in all geographical areas of the country. - Improve the quality of inspectionsby ensuring that inspectors receive effective training, meet with all relevant parties, including workers, and dedicate the necessary time to carry out more comprehensive inspections. + Improve the quality of inspections by ensuring that inspectors receive effective training, meet with all relevant parties, including workers, and dedicate the necessary time to carry out more comprehensive inspections. Dedicate more staff and train criminal law enforcement officials, particularly those outside the capital, on laws related to the worst forms of child labor. @@ -11745,7 +12270,7 @@ agriculture. Ensure that hearings and trials addressing human trafficking and gender-based violence in specialized courts are scheduled in a timely manner and that judges are trained in trafficking in persons concepts. - Ensure thatinspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector,an area in whichchild labor is known to occur. + Ensure that inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector, an area in which child labor is known to occur. Improve effectiveness of child labor complaint and referral mechanisms to ensure timely responses to complaints. @@ -11756,23 +12281,23 @@ agriculture. - Strengthen coordination efforts to institutionalize relationships between civil society representatives and government agencies that provide services to victims of child labor, for example by fully incorporating civil society participation in the Inter-institutional Commission Against Trafficking-in-Persons. + Strengthen coordination efforts to institutionalize relationships between civil society representatives and government agencies that provide services to victims of child labor, for example by fully incorporating civil society participation in the Inter-Institutional Commission Against Trafficking in Persons. - Ensurethe Secretariat against Sexual Violence, Exploitation, and Trafficking in Persons has the resources, authority, and political supportnecessary to combat human trafficking country-wide. + Ensure the Secretariat Against Sexual Violence, Exploitation, and Trafficking in Persons has the resources, authority, and political support necessary to combat human trafficking countrywide. - Undertake activities to implement thekey policies related to child labor. + Undertake activities to implement the key policies related to child labor. - Remove barriers to educationfor all children, including girls andindigenous children, children with disabilities, and children living in rural areas, by recruiting and training more qualified teachers, providing instruction in indigenous languages, building additional schools with appropriate facilities, and removing school fees and transportation costs. + Remove barriers to education for all children, including girls and indigenous children, children with disabilities, and children living in rural areas, by recruiting and training more qualified teachers, providing instruction in indigenous languages, building additional schools with appropriate facilities, and removing school fees and transportation costs. - Regularly monitor the effectiveness and impact of social programs such asawareness campaignsbeyond number of citizens reached. + Regularly monitor the effectiveness and impact of social programs such as awareness campaigns beyond number of citizens reached. Initiate social programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work, and for children who perform other types of hazardous work. @@ -11781,10 +12306,10 @@ agriculture. Ensure high standards of safety and care for children in government-run shelters. - Ensure the safety of NGO officials, human rights workers, judges, and labor activists to facilitate a secure environment for the implementation of social programs that address and prevent child labor. + Ensure the safety of NGO officials, human rights workers, judges, and labor activists to facilitate a secure environment for the implementation of social programs that address and prevent child labor. - Ensure that social programs are implemented, well-funded, able tocarry out their objectives, reach populations outside urban centers, and report on yearly activities. + Ensure that social programs are implemented, well funded, able to carry out their objectives, reach populations outside urban centers, and report on yearly activities. @@ -11800,13 +12325,7 @@ agriculture. Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Guinea made a minimal advancement in efforts to -eliminate the worst forms of child labor. TheNational Assembly adopteda revised Child Code thatmust be enacted by the President,which includes amore specific list of hazardous child labor activities and more severepenalties for violations related to child labor. However, children in Guinea -engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in mining and forced -begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The government -lacks a coordinating mechanism and national policy to address all relevant -worst forms of child labor. Laws related to the minimum age for work do notmeet international standardsbecausethey do not include children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed.In addition, the government does not implement sufficient social programs to address the -extent of the child labor problem. + In 2019, Guinea made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Assembly adopted a revised Child Code that must be enacted by the President, which includes amore specific list of hazardous child labor activities and more severe penalties for violations related to child labor. However, children in Guinea engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. The government lacks a coordinating mechanism and national policy to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. Laws related to the minimum age for work do not meet international standards because they do not include children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. In addition, the government does not implement sufficient social programs to address the extent of the child labor problem. Diamonds @@ -11915,10 +12434,10 @@ extent of the child labor problem. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -11940,31 +12459,33 @@ extent of the child labor problem. - Unknown (35) - 189 (35) - Yes (35) - No (35) - N/A (35) - Yes (35) - 376‡ (35) - Unknown (35) - 9‡ (35) - 9‡ (35) - 0(35) - Yes (35) - Yes (35) - Yes (35) - Yes (35) - Yes (35) - No (35) - No (35) - N/A (35) - Yes (35) - Unknown (35) - Unknown (35) - Unknown (35) - Unknown (35) - Yes (35) + Unknown + 189 + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + 376‡ + Unknown + 9‡ + 9‡ + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -11978,7 +12499,7 @@ extent of the child labor problem. Ensure that all children are prohibited from participating in hazardous mining. - Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. + Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. @@ -11986,10 +12507,10 @@ extent of the child labor problem. Provide consistent initial training and refresher training for labor law enforcement officials, and initial training for criminal law enforcement officials along with increased resources to effectively enforce child labor laws. - Publish information on labor inspectorate funding and the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, and the numbers of violations, prosecutions, convictions, and imposed penaltiesrelated to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws. + Publish information on labor inspectorate funding and the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, and the numbers of violations, prosecutions, convictions, and imposed penalties related to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws. - Establish a referral mechanism between theMinistry of Laborand theMinistry for Social Action, Promotion of Women and Childrento protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor. + Establish a referral mechanism between the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry for Social Action, Promotion of Women and Children to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor. @@ -11997,10 +12518,10 @@ extent of the child labor problem. Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat child labor. - Ensure that theNational Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Similar Practicesand theCommittee for Monitoring, Protection, and Defense of the Rights of the Childreceive adequate funding to fulfill their missions. + Ensure that the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Similar Practices and the Committee for Monitoring, Protection, and Defense of the Rights of the Child receive adequate funding to fulfill their missions. - Ensure that Committee for Monitoring, Protection, and Defense of the Rights of the Child and the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Similar Practicesare active and undertake activities. + Ensure that Committee for Monitoring, Protection, and Defense of the Rights of the Child and the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Similar Practices are active and undertake activities. @@ -12008,7 +12529,7 @@ extent of the child labor problem. Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. - Undertake activities in support of theNational Development Plan. + Undertake activities in support of the National Development Plan. @@ -12035,13 +12556,7 @@ extent of the child labor problem. Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Guinea-Bissau madea minimaladvancementin efforts to -eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The National Institute for Women andChildren andthe National Guard for Migration Servicesconducted human trafficking trainings for law enforcement officials, including on a national referral mechanism, assistance to victims, and data management.The government also approved the National Action Plan to Eliminate and Combat Trafficking in Persons, which aims to strengthen legislation and promote coordination among relevant government agencies.However, children in Guinea-Bissau engage -in the worst forms of child labor, includingin forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. -Children also engagein childlabor in agriculture. In addition, the minimum age for work is not in compliance with international standards,because the law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children without a work contract.Law enforcement officials do not -receive sufficient training and resources toadequately conduct -inspections and prosecute cases of child labor, and social programs do -not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. + In 2019, Guinea-Bissau made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Institute for Women and Children and the National Guard for Migration Services conducted human trafficking trainings for law enforcement officials, including on a national referral mechanism, assistance to victims, and data management. The government also approved the National Action Plan to Eliminate and Combat Trafficking in Persons, which aims to strengthen legislation and promote coordination among relevant government agencies. However, children in Guinea-Bissau engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. In addition, the minimum age for work is not in compliance with international standards, because the law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children without a work contract. Law enforcement officials do not receive sufficient training and resources to adequately conduct inspections and prosecute cases of child labor, and social programs do not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. @@ -12138,37 +12653,39 @@ not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes Unknown - 28 (1) - Yes (1) - No (1) + 28 + Yes + No N/A - Yes (1) - 49 (1) - 49 (1) - 0 (1) + Yes + 49 + 49 + 0 N/A N/A - No (1) - No (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - No (1) - No (1) - Yes (24) + No + No + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes N/A - Yes (1) - 4 (1) + Yes + 4 Unknown Unknown Unknown - No (1) + No + Unknown @@ -12176,7 +12693,7 @@ not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children without a work contract. - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. @@ -12188,12 +12705,17 @@ not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + N/A + + - Publishlabor andcriminal enforcement data, including information on labor inspectorate funding, the number ofviolations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed. + Publish labor and criminal enforcement data, including information on labor inspectorate funding, the number of violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed. - Ensure that the number of law enforcement officials is sufficient to address thescope of the problem, and thatboth law and criminal enforcement officialsreceiveadequate training and resources to inspect, investigate, and prosecute cases of child labor throughout the country, including in Bafatá and Gabú, where child labor is known to occur. + Ensure that the number of law enforcement officials is sufficient to address the scope of the problem, and that both law and criminal enforcement officials receive adequate training and resources to inspect, investigate, and prosecute cases of child labor throughout the country, including in Bafatá and Gabú, where child labor is known to occur. Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating routine inspections and targeting inspections based on the analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. @@ -12207,12 +12729,12 @@ not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. - Ensure that key policies related to child labor are implemented. + Ensure that National Policy for the Protection of Children and Adolescents is implemented. - Ensure that facilities, including shelters,have adequate resources to assist victims of the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that facilities, including shelters, have adequate resources to assist victims of the worst forms of child labor. Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. @@ -12237,14 +12759,7 @@ not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Guyana made amoderate advancement in -efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The government implemented the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor and launched an updatedInter-Ministerial Task Force on Combating Trafficking in Persons National Plan of Action, which establishes mechanisms to address human trafficking, including child trafficking. In addition,the government drafted a revised Combating Trafficking in Persons Bill, which would increase the legislative protection for victims, including children.However, children in Guyana engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also -perform dangerous tasks in mining. Law -enforcement agencies have insufficient financial and human resources to enforce laws -related to child labor, including its worst forms, and existing laws do not -fully prohibit using children in certain forms of child labor. Moreover, the government -does not have targeted social -programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country. + In 2019, Guyana made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government drafted and began implementation of the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor and launched an updated Inter-Ministerial Task Force on Combating Trafficking in Persons National Plan of Action, which establishes mechanisms to address human trafficking, including child trafficking. In addition, the government drafted a revised Combating Trafficking in Persons Bill, which would increase the legislative protection for victims, including children. However, children in Guyana engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Law enforcement agencies have insufficient financial and human resources to enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms, and existing laws do not fully prohibit using children in certain forms of child labor. Moreover, the government does not have targeted social programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country. @@ -12328,10 +12843,10 @@ programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country.< No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -12347,31 +12862,33 @@ programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country.< - Unknown (30) - 14 (30) - No (30) - Yes (30) - N/A (1) - Yes (30) - 1,306 (30) - 1,306 (30) - 6 (1) - Unknown (30) - Unknown (30) - Yes (30) - Yes (30) - Yes (30) - Yes (30) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Unknown (30) - Unknown (30) - Unknown (30) - 6 (1) - Unknown (30) - 6 (1) - 1 (1,2) - Yes(30) + Unknown + 14 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 1,306 + 1,306 + 6 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + 6 + Unknown + 6 + 1 + Yes + Unknown @@ -12379,10 +12896,10 @@ programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country.< Ensure that the law fully protects all children under age 18 from engaging in hazardous work, including night work. - Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits all commercial sexual exploitation of children by prohibiting the use, procuring, and offering of a child for pornographic performances. + Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits all commercial sexual exploitation of children by prohibiting the use of children in pornography and prostitution, including in prostitution outside establishments. - Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits the use of children for illicit activities by prohibiting the use, procuring, or offering of a child for the production or trafficking of drugs. + Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits the use of children for illicit activities by prohibiting the use, procuring, or offering of a child for the production or trafficking of drugs. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. @@ -12393,22 +12910,22 @@ programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country.< Increase the number of labor inspectors trained and responsible for providing enforcement of child labor laws to ensure that a sufficient number of inspectors are available to carry out labor inspections. - Publish information on the Labor Inspectorate's funding, as well as other laborlaw and criminal law enforcement efforts. + Publish information on the Labor Inspectorate's funding, as well as other labor law and criminal law enforcement efforts. Authorize the Labor Inspectorate to assess penalties. - Ensure thatthe Labor Inspectorate receives sufficient resources to monitor the interior, where child labor is most prevalent, and in other remote areas. + Ensure that the Labor Inspectorate receives sufficient resources to monitor the interior, where child labor is most prevalent, and in other remote areas. - Ensure the appropriate application of Articles 41 and 46 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act to protect children fromwork that may harm their physical health or emotional development. + Ensure the appropriate application of Articles 41 and 46 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act to protect children from work that may harm their physical health or emotional development. - Dedicate more resources, including judicial personnel, to address the backlog of cases andensure that cases are concluded in a timely manner, including cases related to the worst forms of child labor. + Dedicate more resources, including judicial personnel, to address the backlog of cases and ensure that cases are concluded in a timely manner, including cases related to the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure thatthe Ministry of Social Protection's Trafficking in Persons Unit is sufficiently staffed to carry out its mandate. + Ensure that the Ministry of Social Protection's Trafficking in Persons Unit is sufficiently staffed to carry out its mandate. @@ -12421,7 +12938,7 @@ programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country.< - Ensure that children are not prevented from attending school because of transportation costs and lack of infrastructure. + Ensure that children are not prevented from attending school because of transportation costs and lack of infrastructure. Increase the number of qualified teachers, particularly in rural and interior areas. @@ -12435,7 +12952,7 @@ programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country.< - Ensurethat child labor elimination and prevention strategiesare integrated into the newlydrafted 5-Year Strategic Plan on the Rights of the Child and the National Education Policy. + Ensure that child labor elimination and prevention strategies are integrated into the newly drafted 5-Year Strategic Plan on the Rights of the Child and the National Education Policy. @@ -12451,11 +12968,7 @@ programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country.< Latin America and the Caribbean No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Haiti made aminimal advancement in -efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.During the reporting period, the National Tripartite Commission for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor made updates to the draft hazardous work list and draft National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor. However, children in Haiti perform dangerous tasks in -agriculture and domestic work. Children areplaced in orphanages where some are subsequently used for domestic work. Minimum age protectionsapplyonlyto children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards requiring all childrento be protected. In addition, Haiti lacks a clear, easily applicable minimum -age for domestic work anda list of hazardous occupationsprohibited to children. Also, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penaltiesand social programs to combat child labor are -insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + In 2019, Haiti made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the National Tripartite Commission for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor made updates to the draft hazardous work list and draft National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor. However, children in Haiti perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and domestic work. Children are placed in orphanages where some are subsequently used for domestic work. Minimum age protections apply only to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards requiring all children to be protected. In addition, Haiti lacks a clear, easily applicable minimum age for domestic work and a list of hazardous occupations prohibited to children. Also, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties and social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. @@ -12558,31 +13071,33 @@ insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - Unknown (9) - Unknown (9) - No (9) - Unknown (9) + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown N/A - Yes (9) - Unknown (9) - Unknown (9) - Unknown (9) - Unknown (9) - Unknown (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes N/A - Yes (9) - 744 (9) - 284 (9) - 34 (9) - 1 (9) - Yes (9) + Yes + 744 + 284 + 33 + 1 + Yes + 1 @@ -12602,42 +13117,47 @@ insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. Ensure that the law establishes a minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military at age 18 or at age 16, with safeguards for voluntariness. + + + N/A + + - Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors andwhether labor inspectors received adequate training, the number and type of labor inspections, andviolations and penalties related to child labor. + Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors and whether labor inspectors received adequate training, the number and type of labor inspections, and violations and penalties related to child labor. Establish penalties that are sufficient to serve as a deterrent for employing children in contravention of the Labor Code. - Ensure that the number of labor and criminal law enforcement agents,and training and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, are sufficient to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. + Ensure that the number of labor and criminal law enforcement agents, and training and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, are sufficient to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. Authorize the inspectorate to assess penalties. - Expand the hotlines operated by the Brigade for the Protection of Minorsandthe Institute of Social Welfare and Research to facilitate reporting of child exploitation cases in areas beyond Port-au-Prince, including in rural areas; publish information onthe number of hotline calls related to child labor. + Expand the hotlines operated by the Brigade for the Protection of Minors and the Institute of Social Welfare and Research to facilitate reporting of child exploitation cases in areas beyond Port-au-Prince, including in rural areas; publish information on the number of hotline calls related to child labor. - - - Approve a national action plan to combat child labor. - - - Ensure policies to prevent or combat child labor are implemented, including the National Child Protection Policy and the National Strategic Development Plan. - - Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in domestic work, agriculture, and child trafficking. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by removing school-related fees in public schools; increase the number of schools and teachers, especially in rural areas and camps near the border with the Dominican Republic; ensure that public schools offer instruction in both French and Haitian Creole; meet the specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including recent arrivals from the Dominican Republic; and ensure that children who start their education late or repeat grades are allowed to transition to secondary school. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by removing school-related fees in public schools; increase the number of schools and teachers, especially in rural areas and camps near the border with the Dominican Republic; ensure that public schools address language barriers; meet the specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including recent arrivals from the Dominican Republic, unregistered children, and child domestic workers; and ensure that children who start their education late or repeat grades are allowed to transition to secondary school. Expand the National Child Protection Database, including by identifying displaced street children and children in domestic work. + + Ensure all social programs are active and implemented, including the Government Child Shelter, Census, and National Child Protection Database. + + + + Ensure policies to prevent or combat child labor are implemented, including the National Child Protection Policy and the National Strategic Development Plan. + + Yes @@ -12651,10 +13171,7 @@ insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Honduras made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor. The government established reciprocal referral mechanisms to ensure child laborers and victims of child-related crimes receive access to social services.It also began implementing its new National Labor Inspection Strategy, which includes monitoring and evaluation of child labor-specific inspections and identifies child labor as an enforcement priority. Furthermore, government agencies coordinated to conduct multiple joint operations targeting child labor in San Pedro Sula and Cortes.However, children in Honduras engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in illicit activities and commercial sexual exploitation as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child laborin agriculture.Labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lacked financial and human resources and the government did not report comprehensive data related to its criminal law enforcement efforts. In addition, the -government’s social programs that address child labor in agriculture do not -appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the government lacks social programs to eliminate child labor in other sectors, including fishing, mining, and domestic work. + In 2019, Honduras made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established reciprocal referral mechanisms to ensure child laborers and victims of child-related crimes receive access to social services. It also began implementing its new National Labor Inspection Strategy, which includes monitoring and evaluation of child labor-specific inspections and identifies child labor as an enforcement priority. Furthermore, government agencies coordinated to conduct multiple joint operations targeting child labor in San Pedro Sula and Cortes. However, children in Honduras engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and use in illicit activities, including selling and trafficking drugs. Children also engage in child labor in the production of coffee and melons. Labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lacked financial and human resources and the government did not adequately report comprehensive data related to its criminal law enforcement efforts. In addition, the government’s social programs that address child labor in agriculture have not addressed the problem nationwide, and the government lacks social programs to eliminate child labor in other sectors, including fishing, mining, and domestic work. Coffee @@ -12754,10 +13271,10 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -12779,41 +13296,53 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm - $3,100,000 (13) - 154 (13) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - N/A (13) - Yes (13) - 21,949 (13) + $3,100,000 + 154 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 21,949 Unknown Unknown - 2(60) - 0 (13) - Yes(58) - Yes(58) - Yes (13) - Yes(55) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) + 2 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No Unknown N/A - Yes (61) + Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (13) + Yes + Yes - Raise the minimum working age of 14 to conform with the compulsoryeducation age of 17. + Raise the minimum working age of 14 to conform to the compulsory education age of 17. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + - Increase access to education by increasing funding to schools, building more schools, particularly in rural areas, enhancing efforts to protect students from gang recruitment and violence, and removing barriers such asschool fees and costs for uniforms,and transportation. + Increase access to education by increasing funding to schools, building more schools, particularly in rural areas, enhancing efforts to protect students from gang recruitment and violence, and removing barriers such as school fees and costs for uniforms, and transportation. Expand social programs that address child labor in agriculture and create programs to assist children engaged in child labor in fishing, mining, domestic service, and illicit gang activity. @@ -12830,16 +13359,16 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Ensure that all labor inspectors receive adequate training on child labor issues. - Provide complete information on criminal efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as training for new investigators, total number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated,and number of convictions obtained. + Provide complete information on criminal efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as training for new investigators, total number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and number of convictions obtained. Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet ILO's technical advice. - Carry out labor inspections in areasin whichchild labor is prevalent, such as rural areas, the informal sector, and indigenous communities where children engage in agriculture and fishing or diving. + Carry out labor inspections in areas in which child labor is prevalent, such as rural areas, the informal sector, and indigenous communities in which children engage in agriculture and fishing or diving. - Providecomplete information on laborlaw enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as the number of worksite inspections conducted and number of child labor violations identified. + Provide complete information on labor law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as the number of worksite inspections conducted and number of child labor violations identified. @@ -12855,14 +13384,8 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, India made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The governmentconvicteda Bihar shelter owner and18 other individuals of sexually assaulting 44 girls,andhanded down life sentences to 12 of the 18 accused. In addition, the National Child Labor Project Scheme rescued from child labor and rehabilitated 66,169 children in 2018–2019, up from 47,635during2017–2018. The governmentenactedthe Protection of Children from Sexual Offense Amendment Bill, which includes new penalties for perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, and approved a Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of Burma on enhancing bilateral cooperation for the prevention of trafficking in persons.Furthermore, the Tamil Nadu State Government issued standard operating procedures to support efforts to eradicate the bonded labor system in the state by 2021. However, children in India engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor producing garments and quarrying stones. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of thread and yarn. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, 1,300 of India's approximately 9,000 government-run, government-funded sheltersthat house children continued to lack official registrationfrom the government, allowing them to operate with little or no oversight and putting children at risk for exploitation, including commercial sexual exploitation. In addition, despite the identification of abuses, including human trafficking, found in over 100 government-funded and/orgovernment-run sheltersin Bihar and Deoria States in 2018, the government only investigated and prosecuted individuals in one of these cases in 2019.Further, hazardous work prohibitions do not include all occupations in which children work for long periods of timein unsafe and unhealthy environments, and penalties for employing children are insufficient to deter violations. + In 2019, India made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government began digitizing the records of shelter homes throughout the country; shut down 539 illegal shelter homes in Maharashtra, Jharkand, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh; and convicted a Bihar shelter owner and 18 others of sex trafficking 44 girls from a shelter. In addition, the National Child Labor Project Scheme rescued from child labor and rehabilitated 66,169 children in 2018–2019, up from 47,635 during 2017–2018. The government enacted the Protection of Children from Sexual Offense Amendment Bill, which includes new penalties for perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, and approved a Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of Burma on enhancing bilateral cooperation for the prevention of trafficking in persons. Furthermore, the Tamil Nadu State Government issued standard operating procedures to support efforts to eradicate the bonded labor system in the state by 2021. However, children in India engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor producing garments and quarrying stones. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of thread and yarn. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, 1,300 of India's approximately 9,000 government-run, government-funded shelters that house children continued to lack official registration from the government, allowing them to operate with little or no oversight and putting children at risk for exploitation, including commercial sexual exploitation. In addition, despite the identification of grievous abuses – including child trafficking of residents – found in over 100 government-funded and/or government-run shelters in Bihar state in 2018 and additional instances identified in other states in 2019, the government only prosecuted and convicted individuals in one of these cases in 2019. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include all occupations in which children work for long periods of time in unsafe and unhealthy environments, and penalties for employing children are insufficient to deter violations. - - Gems - Yes - No - No - Bidis (hand-rolled cigarettes) Yes @@ -12887,6 +13410,12 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Yes No + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + Cottonseed (hybrid) Yes @@ -12917,6 +13446,12 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Yes Yes + + Gems + Yes + No + No + Glass Bangles Yes @@ -12948,43 +13483,37 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm No - Rice - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Silk Fabric + Mica Yes No No - Silk Thread + Rice Yes - No - No + Yes + Yes - Soccer Balls + Sandstone Yes - No + Yes No - Sugarcane + Silk Fabric Yes No No - Thread/Yarn + Silk Thread Yes No No - Mica + Soccer Balls Yes No No @@ -12996,13 +13525,13 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Yes - Sandstone + Sugarcane Yes - Yes - Yes + No + No - Cotton + Thread/Yarn Yes No No @@ -13087,10 +13616,10 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -13112,31 +13641,33 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm - Unknown (48) - Unknown (48) - Yes (48) - Yes (48) - Yes (48) - Yes (48) - Unknown (48) - Unknown (48) - Unknown (48) - Unknown (48) - Unknown (48) - Yes (48) - Yes (100) - Yes (48) - Yes (48) - Yes (48) - Yes (48) - Unknown (48) - Unknown (48) - Yes (48) - Unknown (48) - Unknown (48) - Unknown (48) - Unknown (48) - Yes (48) + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes @@ -13153,15 +13684,20 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + N/A + + Collect and publish national-level data on labor law enforcement, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections conducted, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - Create meaningful penalties for employment of children in prohibited child labor to ensure that penalties adequatelydeter violations. + Create meaningful penalties for employment of children in prohibited child labor to ensure that penalties adequately deter violations. - Collect and publish national-level data from all state governments onwhethernew criminal investigators receive training,the number of criminal investigations,the number of violations found, the number of prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions. + Collect and publish national-level data from all state governments on the number of criminal investigations, the number of violations found, the number of prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions. Ensure that public officials who facilitate or participate in the worst forms of child labor are held accountable, including officials who accept brides in exchange for protection from the law. @@ -13173,19 +13709,19 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Fully implement the standard operating procedures that provide financial assistance to victims, including children, rescued from bonded labor, and ensure that bonded labor cases are fast-tracked to ensure that victims receive financial assistance in a timely manner. - Investigate suspected abuses and misconduct at government-run, government-funded shelter homes, and prioritize theofficial registration of all government-run, government-funded sheltersto ensure government oversight. + Investigate suspected abuses and misconduct at government-run, government-funded shelter homes, and prioritize the official registration of all government-run, government-funded shelters to ensure government oversight. Ensure that shelter homes are free of abuses, including forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation of children, and are fully staffed to support victims. - Ensure adequate trainingfor labor and criminal lawinspectors, that an adequate number of labor inspections are conducted, andthat thecomplaint mechanism response time is efficient. + Ensure adequate training for labor and criminal law inspectors, that an adequate number of labor inspections are conducted, and that the complaint mechanism response time is efficient. Ensure that labor inspections are regularly conducted in all sectors in which child labor occurs. - Ensure that Anti-Human Trafficking Units havesufficient funding and human resources to adequately perform their work. + Ensure that Anti-Human Trafficking Units have sufficient funding and human resources to adequately perform their work. Ensure the remaining 29 state governments conduct audits of all government run, government-funded shelters as mandated by the Supreme Court. @@ -13204,13 +13740,13 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm - Penalize education officials who engage in discrimination and harassment of children, and reduce barriers to education, in particularfor refugee children and childrenfrom marginalized communities, by providing sufficient training for teachers, providing separate washrooms for girls, andincreasing the number of available schools, especially in rural areas in which inadequate infrastructure and transportation options limit access to education. + Penalize education officials who engage in discrimination and harassment of children, and reduce barriers to education, in particular for refugee children and children from marginalized communities, by providing sufficient training for teachers, providing separate washrooms for girls, and increasing the number of available schools, especially in rural areas in which inadequate infrastructure and transportation options limit access to education. Ensure collection, findings, and publication of data on exploitative child labor are made available to the public, including findings from district-level bonded labor surveys and raw data from the national census.. - Cease using children as informants and spies, and bansexual violence against children by national security forces. + Cease using children as informants and spies. @@ -13226,7 +13762,7 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019,Indonesiamade a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The governmentpublished the Indonesian Children Profile report, which provides the most recent source of publicly available government child labor data. The government alsosubstantially increased its labor inspectorate funding from $10.2 million in 2018 to $16.7 million in 2019, with specific funds allocated to enforcing child labor regulations. In addition, the Indonesian National Policeinvestigated cases of child trafficking involving 28 child victims. However, children in Indonesia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes asa result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in plantation agriculture, including in palm oil and tobaccoproduction. The Ministry of Manpowercontinued to lack the financial resources and personnel necessary to adequately enforce child labor laws throughout the country. In addition, the government continued to not publish criminal enforcement information on the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions for crimes relating totheworst forms of child labor. + In 2019,Indonesiamade a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published the Indonesian Children Profile report, which provides the most recent government source of publicly available child labor data. The government also substantially increased its labor inspectorate funding from $10.2 million in 2018 to $16.7 million in 2019, with specific funds allocated to enforcing child labor regulations. In addition, the Indonesian National Police investigated cases of child trafficking involving 28 child victims. However, children in Indonesia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in plantation agriculture, including in palm oil and tobacco production. The Ministry of Manpower continued to lack the financial resources and personnel necessary to fully enforce child labor laws throughout the country. In addition, the government did not publish criminal enforcement information on the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions for crimes relating to the worst forms of child labor. Gold @@ -13249,7 +13785,7 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Oil (Palm) Yes - No + Yes No @@ -13270,12 +13806,6 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm No No - - Oil (Palm) - No - Yes - No - @@ -13381,36 +13911,38 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm - $16,700,000 (10) - 1,574 (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - N/A (10) - Yes (10) - 16,857‡ (10) - 16,857‡ (10) - 1 (10) - 0 (10) - 0 (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Unknown - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes (10) + $16,700,000 + 1,574 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 16,857‡ + 16,857‡ + 1 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. Publish criminal law enforcement information, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions for crimes relating to child labor, including its worst forms. @@ -13419,13 +13951,10 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Ensure that all criminal law enforcement personnel receive training on child labor regulations. - Ensurethatlabor inspectorate funding issufficient to cover infrastructure, transportation, and fuelrequirements to enable labor inspectors to carry out inspections. - - - Permit labor inspectors to inspect private farms and homes for child labor violations. + Ensure that labor inspectorate funding is sufficient to cover infrastructure, transportation, and fuel requirements to enable labor inspectors to carry out inspections. - Ensure that the amount of refresher training provided is sufficient for the labor inspectorate. + Permit labor inspectors to inspect the informal sector, including private farms and homes, for child labor violations. @@ -13444,6 +13973,11 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm Conduct research to determine the types of activities carried out by children, including in construction and street work sectors, to inform social policies and programs. + + + N/A + + Ensure that threats, the use of force, or coercion does not need to be established for the crime of child trafficking. @@ -13479,13 +14013,8 @@ appear sufficient to address the scope of the problem nationwide,and the governm https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/iraq Middle East and North Africa Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019,Iraq made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms -of child labor. The Kurdistan Regional Government established an Inter-ministerial Committee on Trafficking in Persons to oversee implementation of its Anti-Trafficking in Persons Law.However, Iraq is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement -because it continued a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the -worst forms of child labor. Iraqi and Kurdistan Regional Government authorities continued to inappropriately detain and prosecute without legal representation children allegedly affiliated to ISIS—some of whom were victims of forcible recruitment and use—including usingabusive interrogation techniques and torture to gain children’s confessions instead of screening these children as potential victims of the worst forms of child labor.In addition, in2019, some militia groups affiliated with the Popular Mobilization Forces, including Iranian-backed groups, recruited boys younger than age 18 to fight in Syria and Yemen. While these forces operated under the umbrella of the Popular Mobilization Forces—which was legally incorporated into the Iraqi defense forces in 2016—they generallyremained outside of the command and control of the Iraqi government. Furthermore, the national army used children,some as young as age 10, to operate checkpoints during the year. Children in Iraq engage in -other worst forms of child labor, including forced begging and commercial -sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The government did not provide information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. The government also continues to lack programs that focus on assisting children involved in the worst forms of child labor. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Iraq made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Kurdistan Regional Government established an Inter-ministerial Committee on Trafficking in Persons to oversee implementation of its Anti-Trafficking in Persons Law. However, Iraq is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Iraqi and Kurdistan Regional Government authorities continued to inappropriately detain and prosecute without legal representation children allegedly affiliated to ISIS—some of whom were victims of forcible recruitment and use—including using abusive interrogation techniques and torture to gain children’s confessions instead of screening these children as potential victims of the worst forms of child labor. In addition, NGOs reported that in 2019, some militia groups affiliated with the Popular Mobilization Forces, including Iranian-backed groups, recruited boys younger than age 18 to fight in Syria and Yemen. While these forces operated under the umbrella of the Popular Mobilization Forces—which was legally incorporated into the Iraqi defense forces in 2016—they generally remained outside of the command and control of the Iraqi government. Children in Iraq engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and in commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government did not provide information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. The government also continues to lack programs that focus on assisting children involved in the worst forms of child labor. @@ -13662,10 +14191,10 @@ sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The governm Iraq and Kurdistan Region Iraq and Kurdistan Region - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A @@ -13693,7 +14222,7 @@ sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The governm Iraq Iraq No - 12‡ + 12 No No @@ -13712,28 +14241,28 @@ sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The governm All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - No(44) + No All Territories All Territories - No (4) + No @@ -13747,91 +14276,98 @@ sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The governm All Territories All Territories - No (4) + No All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Yes (4) + Yes All Territories All Territories - Yes (4) + Yes All Territories All Territories - Yes (4) + Yes All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Yes (4) + Yes All Territories All Territories - Yes (4) + Yes + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + All Territories All Territories - Unknown(4) + Unknown @@ -13845,44 +14381,51 @@ sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The governm All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (4) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Yes (4) + Yes + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unknown + + @@ -13890,7 +14433,7 @@ sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The governm Ensure that the laws comprehensively prohibit child trafficking in all parts of Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, and do not require force or coercion for their application, in accordance with international standards. - Ensure that hazardous work protections apply to all children, including children working in family businesses under the authority of family members, and children aged 15 to 17. + Ensure that hazardous work protections apply to all children, including children working in family businesses under the authority of family members, and children ages 15 to 17. Ensure that the law in Iraq criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. @@ -13904,7 +14447,7 @@ sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The governm - Publish labor law enforcement information, such asthe funding of the labor inspectorate, number of inspectors, inspections, and violations. + Publish labor law enforcement information, such as the funding of the labor inspectorate, number of inspectors, inspections, and violations. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. @@ -13916,22 +14459,22 @@ sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The governm Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO technical advice and ensure adequate funding to enforce legal protections against child labor, including its worst forms. - Ensure that children under age 18 are not recruited or used by armed groups affiliated with the Popular Mobilization Forces orby Iraqi Security Forces.Hold those that recruit and use children criminally accountable, includingleaders of non-state armed groups, where possible. + Ensure that children under age 18 are not recruited or used by armed groups affiliated with the Popular Mobilization Forces or by Iraqi Security Forces. Hold those that recruit and use children criminally accountable, including leaders of non-state armed groups, where possible. Publish information on criminal law enforcement on the worst forms of child labor in Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. - Ensure that child victims of human trafficking are properly screened and not prosecuted for crimes they were forced to commit; that children are not arrested, detained, or denied services solely on the basis oftheir family members' perceived ties to ISIS;and that children suspected of ISIS affiliation are not subjected to torture. + Ensure that child victims of human trafficking are properly screened and not prosecuted for crimes they were forced to commit; that children are not arrested, detained, or denied services solely on the basis of their family members' perceived ties to ISIS; and that children suspected of ISIS affiliation are not subjected to torture. Determine whether the inspection ratio for each labor inspector is appropriate to ensure the quality and scope of inspections. - Ensure that child labor inspections are carried out in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. + Ensure that labor inspections are carried out in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. - Ensure that allegations of sexual exploitation of girls in IDP camps by government officials are investigated and those responsible are held criminally liable if necessary. + Ensure that allegations of sexual exploitation of girls in internally displaced persons camps by government officials are investigated and those responsible are held criminally liable. @@ -13974,15 +14517,7 @@ sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking.The governm Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Jamaica made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the -worst forms of child labor.The government approved an updated National Plan of Action to Combat Human Trafficking and conducted a 4-day training workshop on human trafficking. It also significantly expanded the budget for the Program for Advancement through Health and Education, from $35 million in 2018 to $70.7 million in 2019. However, children in Jamaica engage in the worst forms of child -labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human -trafficking, and illicit activities. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and street work. Although the -government has laws prohibiting the use of children in some illicit activities, -it does not provide higher penalties for using, procuring, or offering children -for the production and distribution of drugs compared to those for using -adults. In addition, Jamaica's labor inspectorate lacks -the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations. + In 2019, Jamaica made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved an updated National Plan of Action to Combat Human Trafficking and conducted a 4-day training workshop on human trafficking. It also significantly expanded the budget for the Program for Advancement through Health and Education, from $35 million in 2018 to $70.7 million in 2019. However, children in Jamaica engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and illicit activities. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and street work. Although the government has laws prohibiting the use of children in some illicit activities, it does not provide higher penalties for using, procuring, or offering children for the production and distribution of drugs compared to those for using adults. In addition, Jamaica's labor inspectorate lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations. @@ -14063,10 +14598,10 @@ the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -14088,42 +14623,44 @@ the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations. - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - No (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - 3 (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Yes (6) - Unknown (34) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - N/A (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Yes (6) + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + 3 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + N/A + Yes + 18 + 4 + 4 + 5 + Yes + Yes - Ensure that legislation includes higher penalties for the use of children for the production and distribution of drugs. + Ensure that legislation includes higher penalties for the use of children for the production and distribution of drugs. - Pass legislationthat will determine the specific light work activities and hours permissible for children ages 13 and 14 to facilitate enforcement. + Pass legislation that will determine the specific light work activities and hours permissible for children ages 13 and 14 to facilitate enforcement. - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. Raise the minimum working age of 15 to conform with the compulsory education age of 16. @@ -14131,7 +14668,7 @@ the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations. - Provide sufficient training for prosecutors to address the worst forms of child labor, such as child trafficking. + Provide sufficient training for prosecutors to address the worst forms of child labor, such as child trafficking. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. @@ -14140,16 +14677,13 @@ the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations. Collect and publish complete data on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. - Ensure that labor inspections are conducted not only in the formal sector, such as factories, building sites, docks, and ships,but also in the informal sector in urban and rural communities. + Ensure that labor inspections are conducted not only in the formal sector, such as factories, building sites, docks, and ships, but also in the informal sector in urban and rural communities, and that ensure that labor inspectors are able to inspect domestic service worksites. Ensure that yearly refresher training is mandatory for all labor inspectors. - Address bureaucratic barriers to effective investigation and prosecution of human trafficking cases and child labor cases, and ensurethat these cases are prosecuted in a timely manner. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are able to inspect domestic service worksites. + Address bureaucratic barriers to effective investigation and prosecution of human trafficking cases and child labor cases, and ensure that these cases are prosecuted in a timely manner. @@ -14157,18 +14691,15 @@ the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations. Ensure that the Ministry of Labor and Social Security is implementing its Program for the Elimination of Child Labor. - Ensure thatthe Child Protection and Family Services Agency and any other relevant agency or coordinating body has the authority and resources necessary to effectively coordinate between child labor, human trafficking, and other child-related issues. + Ensure that the Child Protection and Family Services Agency and any other relevant agency or coordinating body has the authority and resources necessary to effectively coordinate between child labor, human trafficking, and other child-related issues. - Ensure that school costs, such as uniforms, books, food,and transportation, do not diminish access to free public education. - - - Expand programs to assist child laborers who are involved in street work, commercial sexual exploitation, agricultural work, and other worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that school costs, such as uniforms, books, food, and transportation, do not diminish access to free public education. - Ensure that social programs adequately address child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that social programs adequately address child labor, including the worst forms of child labor and expand programs to assist child laborers who are involved in street work, commercial sexual exploitation, agricultural work, and other worst forms of child labor. @@ -14189,16 +14720,7 @@ the authority to assess penalties for labor law violations. Middle East and North Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Jordan made a -moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The Ministry of Labor’s Child Labor Unit established and began using an electronic child labor monitoring system to coordinate government and civil society efforts to remove children from child labor and provide them with services.Moreover, the government increased the number of families receiving assistance through the National Aid Fund, a program that provides cash transfers conditioned on families re-enrolling working children in school.In addition, the government continued to provide shelter, -educational, and financial services to children engaged in child labor. However, -children in Jordan engage in the worst forms of child labor, -including in street work. Children also perform -dangerous tasks in agriculture. Insufficient resources hampered the Ministry of -Labor’s capacity to ensure compliance with child labor laws in the agricultural -sector. Moreover and despite government efforts, Syrian children still face -barriers to accessing education due to costs associated with transportation, -school fees, and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the government did notprovide information on its criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. + In 2019, Jordan made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor’s Child Labor Unit established and began using an electronic child labor monitoring system to coordinate government and civil society efforts to remove children from child labor and provide them with services. Moreover, the government increased the number of families receiving assistance through the National Aid Fund, a program that provides cash transfers conditioned on families re-enrolling working children in school. In addition, the government continued to provide shelter, educational, and financial services to children engaged in child labor. However, children in Jordan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in street work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Insufficient resources hampered the Ministry of Labor’s capacity to ensure compliance with child labor laws in the agricultural sector. Moreover, and despite government efforts, Syrian children still face barriers to accessing education due to socioeconomic pressures, bullying, and costs associated with transportation, and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the government did not provide information on its criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. @@ -14218,7 +14740,7 @@ school fees, and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the government did n 0.01 - Unavailable + 0.727 @@ -14285,10 +14807,10 @@ school fees, and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the government did n Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A No @@ -14304,23 +14826,24 @@ school fees, and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the government did n - Unknown(2) - 171(2) - Yes(45) - Yes(45) + Unknown + 171 + Yes + Yes N/A - Yes(23) - 63,653(2) + Yes + 63,653 Unknown - 467(45) - 250(23) - Unknown(2) - Yes(45) - Yes(45) - Yes(45) - Yes(45) - Yes(45) - Yes(45) + 467 + 250 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No Unknown N/A Unknown @@ -14328,7 +14851,8 @@ school fees, and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the government did n Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes(18) + Yes + Unknown @@ -14341,16 +14865,16 @@ school fees, and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the government did n Publish information about labor law enforcement, including labor inspectorate funding and the number of penalties collected for child labor violations. - Ensure thatMinistry of Laborinspectors have the resources needed to carry out inspections in the agricultural sector, and ensure that regulations are issued to mandate labor inspections in agriculture. + Ensure that Ministry of Labor inspectors have the resources needed to carry out inspections in the agricultural sector, and ensure that regulations are issued to mandate labor inspections in agriculture. Ensure that refugee children identified during labor inspections are referred to social services and are not separated from their families and taken to refugee camps. - Ensure that investigations are conducted on forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation of children, and publish information about the number of violations, prosecutions, and convictions involving child victims. + Ensure that investigations are conducted on forced begging and the commercial sexual exploitation of children, and publish information about the number of violations, prosecutions, and convictions involving child victims. - Improve the quality of theMinistry of Labor's hotline by ensuring operators, including those who speak foreign languages, are available outside business hours and ensuring the translated recorded message is of high quality. + Improve the quality of the Ministry of Labor's hotline by ensuring that operators, including those who speak foreign languages, are available outside of business hours, and ensuring that the translated recorded message is of high quality. Ensure that the number of inspections conducted per inspector allows for high quality inspections. @@ -14377,7 +14901,7 @@ school fees, and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the government did n - Continue to expand access to education for all children, including providing after-school programsand extending school hours. + Continue to expand access to education for all children, including providing after-school programs, extending school hours, and ensuring Syrian refugees may enroll in school. Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor in agriculture, construction, and street vending. @@ -14396,12 +14920,7 @@ school fees, and supplies, among other issues. In addition, the government did n Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Kazakhstan made a moderate advancement in efforts to -eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Internal Affairs,in cooperation with other government agencies, carried out targeted -joint inspection operations in areas where child labor may occur, and the government adopted a new national action plan on elimination ofthe worst forms of child labor. However, children in Kazakhstan engage in the worst forms of child labor, -including in cotton harvesting and commercial sexual exploitation. The government -lacks current, -comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton production.Labor inspectors also lack the authority to conduct routine inspections. In addition, the government did not carry out social programs toassist children engaged in all relevant forms of child labor in the country. + In 2019, Kazakhstan made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, in cooperation with other government agencies, carried out targeted joint inspection operations in areas where child labor may occur, and the government adopted a new national action plan on elimination of the worst forms of child labor. However, children in Kazakhstan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in child labor in markets. The government lacks current, comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton production. Labor inspectors also lack the authority to conduct routine inspections. In addition, the government did not carry out social programs to assist children engaged in all relevant forms of child labor in the country. Cotton @@ -14505,42 +15024,44 @@ comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton product Yes - 17‡ + 17 No Yes Unknown - 250 (16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) + 250 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes Unknown Unknown - 188 (16) + 188 Unknown Unknown - No (16) - No (16) - Yes (37) + No + No + Yes Unknown - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - 10 (16) - 10 (16) - Unknown - Unknown - Yes (16) + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + Yes + 1 - Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions and hazardous work prohibitions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. + Ensure that minimum age provisions and hazardous work prohibitions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. @@ -14548,33 +15069,24 @@ comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton product - Publish information about the funding of the Labor Inspectorate, the number of labor inspections conducted, and the numberofpenalties issuedfor child labor violations, and how many of these penalties were collected. + Publish information about the labor inspectorate’s operations, including funding for the labor inspectorate and the number of penalties that were collected for child labor violations. Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Publish information on the methodology and findings of child labor monitors in the annual cotton harvest. - - - Ensure that all investigators receive training on laws prohibiting trafficking in persons. + Publish information on the number of child labor violations detected during the annual "Twelve Days Against Child Labor" campaign, and on the number of penalties issued in response to violations referred to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection during this campaign. - Publish information on the number of child labor violations detected during the annual "Twelve Days Against Child Labor" campaign, and on the number of penalties issued in response to violations referred to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection during this campaign. + Increase the number of TIP-focused law enforcement officers to ensure adequate enforcement of criminal prohibitions against the worst forms of child labor. - Increase the number of TIP-focused law enforcement officers to ensure adequate enforcement of criminal prohibitions against the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish information on the number of prosecutions initiated and the number ofconvictions for criminal violations related to child labor. - - - Fully empower labor inspectors to proactively conduct on-siteinspections, including on an unannounced basis, and ensure that such inspections are conducted regularly throughout the year. + Fully empower labor inspectors to proactively conduct on-site inspections, including on an unannounced basis, and ensure that such inspections are conducted regularly throughout the year. - Ensure thatindividuals in remote areas of the country are able to file complaintsabout child labor violations with the Ombudsman forHuman Rights. + Ensure that individuals in remote areas of the country are able to file complaints about child labor violations with the Ombudsman for Human Rights. @@ -14585,12 +15097,17 @@ comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton product Institute programs to address child labor, particularly in the agriculture and service sectors. - Ensure that all children have access to education, particularly children with irregular migration status, and raise awarenessin vulnerable communities aboutexisting remedies for denial of school enrollment based on migration status. + Ensure that all children have access to education, particularly children with irregular migration status, and raise awareness in vulnerable communities about existing remedies for denial of school enrollment based on migration status. Ensure children with disabilities have access to inclusive education in mainstream schools. + + + N/A + + Yes @@ -14604,13 +15121,7 @@ comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton product Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Kenya made amoderate advancement in -efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The Kenyan National Police launched a cyber center to respond to crimes involving online exploitation of children, including child trafficking. The government also expanded an information system forcollecting and aggregating data related to child protection, including cases related to the worst forms of child labor, and drafted new procedures and guidelines for law enforcement's handling of cases involving children. However, children -in Kenya engage in the worst forms of child labor, includingin domestic service and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking.Children alsoengage in child labor in agriculture. Kenya has yet to ratify the UN Convention on the -Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child -Prostitution and Child Pornography. In addition, the gap between the compulsory education -age and minimum age for work leaves children ages 14-16vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. The government also hasnot committed -sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. + In 2019, Kenya made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Kenyan National Police launched a cyber-center to respond to crimes involving online exploitation of children, including child trafficking. The government also expanded an information system for collecting and aggregating data related to child protection, including cases related to the worst forms of child labor, and drafted new procedures and guidelines for law enforcement's handling of cases involving children. However, children in Kenya engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic service and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Kenya has yet to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. In addition, the gap between the compulsory education age and minimum age for work leaves children ages 14–16vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. The government also has not committed sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Coffee @@ -14624,6 +15135,12 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. No No + + Gold + Yes + No + No + Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) Yes @@ -14666,12 +15183,6 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. No No - - Gold - Yes - No - No - @@ -14749,10 +15260,10 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -14768,37 +15279,39 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. No - 14‡ + 14 No No - Unknown (1) - 85 (1) - No(47) - No (1) - No (1) - No (1) - 8,160 (1) - 8,160 (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - Yes(1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown(1) - 18(2,64,65) - 138 (2,64,65) - 7(1,64,65) - Unknown (1) - Yes (1) + Unknown + 85 + No + No + No + No + 8,160 + 8,160 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 18 + 138 + 7 + Unknown + Yes + Yes @@ -14809,7 +15322,7 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Raise the compulsory education age to 17 to be equivalent to the minimum age for work. - Ensure that children are at least 14 years old before beginning workplace apprenticeships. + Ensure that children are at least age 14 before beginning workplace apprenticeships. Ensure that light work provisions limit the number of hours for all light work activities. @@ -14820,35 +15333,35 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Authorize labor inspectors to assess penalties for labor law violations. - Publish information about labor inspectorate fundingand the number of child labor violations found, including penaltiesimposed and collected. + Publish information about labor inspectorate funding and the number of child labor violations found, including penalties imposed and collected. - Ensure theMinistry of Labor and Social Protection has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations. + Ensure the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations. - Publish information about criminal law enforcementtraining, including refresher courses and new laws related to the worst forms of child labor,andprosecutions and convictions for offenses related to the worst forms of child labor. + Publish information about criminal law enforcement training, including refresher courses and new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and prosecutions and convictions for offenses related to the worst forms of child labor. Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Ensure that all labor inspectors receive training onchild labor laws, including refresher courses. + Ensure that all labor inspectors receive training on child labor laws, including refresher courses. Ensure that magistrates receive training on laws protecting children from the worst forms of child labor. - Increasethe number and improve regionaldistribution of Child Protection Units to ensure adequate coverage across all areas of Kenya. + Increase the number and improve regional distribution of Child Protection Units to ensure adequate coverage across all areas of Kenya. - Ensure coordinating bodiesare active and have sufficient resources to carry out their intended mandates. + Ensure coordinating bodies are active and have sufficient resources to carry out their intended mandates. - Ensure the implementation of child labor policies, including the National Policyfor the Elimination of Child Labor and the Framework for the National Child Protection System for Kenya. + Ensure the implementation of child labor policies, including the National Policy for the Elimination of Child Labor and the Framework for the National Child Protection System for Kenya. Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the UN Development Assistance Framework. @@ -14859,16 +15372,16 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Collect and publish updated data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and children of refugee status, by ensuring that pregnant girls can remain in school, and increasing the number of schools and improving educational facilities in refugee camps. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and children of refugee status, by ensuring that pregnant girls can remain in school, improving access to hygiene facilities and products within schools, and increasing the number of schools and improving educational facilities in refugee camps. - Improve access to education by increasing the number of schools and teachers, addressing sexual abuse in schools, increasing birth registrations for children, andeliminating or defraying the cost of school fees, books, and uniforms. + Improve access to education by increasing the number of schools and teachers, addressing sexual abuse in schools, increasing birth registrations for children, and eliminating or defraying the cost of school fees, books, and uniforms. Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation. - Ensure the implementation ofgovernment-funded social programs. + Ensure the implementation of government-funded social programs. @@ -14884,7 +15397,7 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Asia and the Pacific No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Kiribati made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The Ministry of Employment and HumanResourcestook steps to draftregulations related to light work for children and onthe types of hazardous work prohibited for children.However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Kiribati perform dangerous tasks in construction and street vending. Existing lawsdo not identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children, do not criminalize the use of children for prostitution, or prohibit the domestic trafficking of children. In addition, the government has not adopted a national policy to combat the worst forms of child labor. + In 2019, Kiribati made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Employment and Human Resources took steps to draft regulations related to light work for children and on the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Kiribati perform dangerous tasks in construction and street vending. Existing laws do not identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children, do not criminalize the use of children for prostitution, or prohibit the domestic trafficking of children. In addition, the government has not adopted a national policy to combat the worst forms of child labor. @@ -14962,16 +15475,16 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Yes - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A Yes @@ -14987,62 +15500,69 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. - $10,000 (2) - 3 (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) + $10,000 + 3 + Yes + Yes N/A - No (2) - 133 (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Yes (2) - No (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) + No + 133 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes N/A - Unknown (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - Yes (2) + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + N/A - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - Ensure that the law specifies the activities and number of hours of work per week that are acceptable for children engaged in light work,and the conditions under which children can engage in light work. + Ensure that the law specifies the activities and number of hours of work per week that are acceptable for children engaged in light work, and the conditions under which children can engage in light work. Ensure that the law specifically prohibits the domestic trafficking of children. - Ensure that the Penal Code criminalizes the use, procurement, and offering of all children for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances. + Ensure that the Penal Code criminalizes the use, procurement, and offering of all children for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + N/A + + Collect and publish data on the enforcement of criminal laws prohibiting the worst forms of child labor, including information on number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed. - Institutionalize training on child labor lawsfor labor inspectors and criminal investigators, includingproviding refresher courses. + Institutionalize training on child labor laws for labor inspectors and criminal investigators, including providing refresher courses. - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring sufficient resources to supportlabor law enforcement activities and initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring sufficient resources to support labor law enforcement activities and initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - Collect and publish data on the enforcement of labor laws, including on the numberof inspections conductedat worksites, violations found, penalties imposed, and penalties collected. + Collect and publish data on the enforcement of labor laws, including on the number of inspections conducted at worksites, violations found, penalties imposed, and penalties collected. Ensure that labor inspectorate funding covers transportation and improvements to Internet connectivity to enable labor inspectors to carry out inspections and report on child labor issues. @@ -15061,7 +15581,7 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, and make education accessible for all children by alleviating school fees and increasing access to schools in remote locations. - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in allsectorsto inform policies and programs. + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in all sectors to inform policies and programs. Implement social programs to address all relevant forms of child labor, including in construction and street vending. @@ -15070,7 +15590,7 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Ensure that children with disabilities are given access to education. - Implement programs to address the issue of commercial sexual exploitation of young girlswith crew members from foreign fishing vessels. + Implement programs to address the issue of commercial sexual exploitation of young girls with crew members from foreign fishing vessels. @@ -15086,14 +15606,7 @@ sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. Europe and Eurasia No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Kosovo -made a moderate advancement to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government -passed the Law on Child Protection whichprohibits the recruitment of children into non-state armed groups and increases penalties for producing, using, or involving children in the production, possession, or procurement of child pornography. In addition, the government identified significantly more criminal child labor violations in 2019 compared to 2018 and initiated prosecutions is nearly all cases. Furthermore,the Kosovo Police and Kosovo Prosecutorial Council established specialized interview rooms to make child victims of abuse feel more comfortable. However, -children in Kosovo engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial -sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children alsoperform dangerous tasks in street -work. The labor inspectorate and Centers for Social Work face financial and human resource -constraintsthat mayimpede theirability to adequatelyaddress child labor. In addition, human trafficking shelters lack sufficient funding to -properly accommodate and care for child trafficking victims. + In 2019, Kosovo made a moderate advancement to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed the Law on Child Protection (LCP),which will enter into force in July 2020 and prohibits the recruitment of children into non-state armed groups and increases penalties for producing, using, or involving children in the production, possession, or procurement of child pornography. In addition, the government identified significantly more criminal child labor violations in 2019 compared to 2018 and initiated prosecutions in nearly all cases. Furthermore, the Kosovo Police and Kosovo Prosecutorial Council established specialized interview rooms to make child victims of abuse feel more comfortable. However, children in Kosovo engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. The labor inspectorate and Centers for Social Work face financial and human resource constraints that may impede their ability to adequately address child labor. In addition, human trafficking shelters lack sufficient funding to properly accommodate and care for child trafficking victims. @@ -15171,10 +15684,10 @@ properly accommodate and care for child trafficking victims. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -15190,58 +15703,65 @@ properly accommodate and care for child trafficking victims. Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - $830,333 (4) - 40 (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - N/A (4) - No (4) - Unknown (49) - Unknown (49) - 116 (50) - Unknown (49) - Unknown (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes(4) - No (4) - Unknown (4) - 130 (4) - 121 (4) - Unknown (4) - Yes (4) + $830,333 + 40 + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + Unknown + Unknown + 116 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + 15 + 15 + 15 + Unknown + Yes + 2 - Increase inter-ministerial communication to adequately combat child labor and commercial sexual exploitation. + Increase inter-ministerial communication to adequately combat child labor and commercial sexual exploitation. - Improve the capacity of theChild Labor MonitoringSystemto better analyze data on child labor and improve data sharing between municipal authorities and the national government. + Improve the capacity of the Child Labor Monitoring System to better analyze data on child labor and improve data sharing between municipal authorities and the national government. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Strategy for the Inclusion of Roma andAshkali Communities. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Strategy for the Inclusion of Roma and Ashkali Communities. Fully fund and implement the Strategy for the Inclusion of Roma and Ashkali Communities so that victims of child labor receive sufficient social services. - Ensure that the Children's Rights Strategy and Action Plan is active. + Ensure that the Children's Rights Strategy and Action Plan is active. + + + N/A + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. @@ -15255,25 +15775,25 @@ properly accommodate and care for child trafficking victims. - Ensure that labor inspectors conduct child labor inspections on private farms and in areas with ethnic-Serb majorities. + Ensure that labor inspectors conduct child labor inspections on private farms and in areas with ethnic Serb majorities. - Incorporate topics on child labor, including hazardous child labor,in both new employee trainingand refresher courses; ensure trainings on new child labor laws for all labor inspectors. + Incorporate topics on child labor, including hazardous child labor, in both new employee training and refresher courses; ensure trainings on new child labor laws for all labor inspectors. Ensure that the penalties in the legal framework regulating the crime of human trafficking are correctly applied, including by providing training and supervision to prosecutors and judges on the legal framework for human trafficking cases. - Improve the collection, publication, andstandardization ofdata related to human trafficking casesto improve the pace and quality of case processing. + Improve the collection, publication, and standardization of data related to human trafficking cases to improve the pace and quality of case processing. - Ensure that Centers for Social Workhave sufficient capacity and resources, such as personnel and training, to address the specific needs of child labor victims and properly screen child beggars. + Ensure that Centers for Social Work have sufficient capacity and resources, such as personnel and training, to address the specific needs of child labor victims and properly screen child beggars. Clearly delineate the duties of each government entity appointed to absorb the responsibilities of the former Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare. - Ensure mechanisms exist to enforce protections for children in the informal sector. + Ensure that mechanisms exist to enforce protections for children in the informal sector. @@ -15288,10 +15808,8 @@ properly accommodate and care for child trafficking victims. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kyrgyz-republic Asia and the Pacific No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, the Kyrgyz Republic made a -minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The -government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanism for victims of human trafficking, and drafted a new National Action Plan for 2020–2024 on the elimination of the worst forms of child labor. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Kyrgyz Republic is receiving an assessment of minimal advancementbecause it implemented a regression inlaw that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. As of January 1, 2019,the government instituted a moratorium on unannounced labor inspections. Inspections can only be conducted in response to a formal complaint, and must be approved and announced bytheMinistry of Economy before a site visit can occur. Children in the Kyrgyz Republic engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Protections to children granted in the Labor Code, such as the minimum age of employment, are not extended to children engaged in non-contractual employment, and research indicates that the State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety employed an insufficient number of labor inspectors. In addition, the scope of social programs to combat child labor was insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, the Kyrgyz Republic made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanism for victims of human trafficking, and drafted a new National Action Plan for 2020–2024 on the elimination of the worst forms of child labor. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Kyrgyz Republic is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it implemented a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. As of January 1, 2019,the government instituted a moratorium on unannounced labor inspections. Inspections can only be conducted in response to a formal complaint, and must be approved and announced by the Ministry of Economy before a site visit can occur. Children in the Kyrgyz Republic engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Protections to children granted in the Labor Code, such as the minimum age of employment, are not extended to children engaged in non-contractual employment, and research indicates that the State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety employed an insufficient number of labor inspectors. In addition, the scope of social programs to combat child labor was insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. Cotton @@ -15401,42 +15919,44 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis No - 15‡ + 15 No No - Unknown (17) - 30 (17) - Yes (17) + Unknown + 30 + Yes Unknown - Yes (17) - Yes (17) - 504‡ (17) + Yes + Yes + 504‡ Unknown - 229‡ (17) - 96‡ (17) + 229‡ + 96‡ Unknown - Yes (17) - No (17) - No (17) - No (17) - Yes (17) - Yes (17) + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + Yes + No Unknown - Yes (36) + Yes Unknown - 64‡ (17) - Unknown - 3(17,36) - 0 (17) - Yes (17) + 64 + 29 + 3 + 0 + Yes + Unknown - Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions and hazardous work prohibitions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. + Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions and hazardous work prohibitions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work. @@ -15444,13 +15964,13 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis - Publish completeinformation aboutthe State Inspectorate's efforts to enforce prohibitions on child labor, including information onthe Inspectorate's funding; the number of labor inspections conductedat worksites; the number ofpenalties collected; and the mechanism through which child labor violations were detected. + Publish complete information about the State Inspectorate's efforts to enforce prohibitions on child labor, including information on the Inspectorate's funding; the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites; and the number of penalties collected. Strengthen the labor inspection system by providing child labor training for new labor inspectors and criminal investigators. - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and ensure thatinspectors have adequate resources to conduct inspections. + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and ensure that inspectors have adequate resources to conduct inspections. Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies investigate and prosecute violations related to the worst forms of child labor, including cases of possible police complicity in abusing victims. @@ -15459,20 +15979,20 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis Lift the moratorium on unannounced labor inspections and ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections. - Publish complete information about criminal enforcement of prohibitions on the worst forms of child labor, including the total number of violations detected and the penalties imposed. + Publish complete information about criminal enforcement of prohibitions on the worst forms of child labor, including the penalties imposed. - Ensure thatthe State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety and relevant social services providers have the capacity to adequately implement the child labor complaint mechanism. + Ensure that the State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety and relevant social services providers have the capacity to adequately implement the child labor complaint mechanism. - Ensure that the procedures for needs assessment of theChildren's Affairs Commission are appropriate for traumatized children, including child victims of human trafficking. + Ensure that the procedures for needs assessment of the Children's Affairs Commission are appropriate for traumatized children, including child victims of human trafficking. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Strategy and Roadmap. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies, such as the National Education Strategy and Roadmap. @@ -15480,13 +16000,13 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis Ensure that all children have access to free education, including children with disabilities, those living and working on the street, those lacking residence registration, and those without birth certificates and guardianship documents. - Implement all social programs, including Social Support for Children and Families in Difficult Living Situations, the Ministry of Education and Science National School Attendance Database, and the Support of Family and Protection of Children program. + Implement all social programs, including the Support of Family and Protection of Children program. Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in commercial sexual exploitation as a result of human trafficking and in agriculture, including cultivating cotton. - Ensure that socialprograms, such as the Cash Transfer Program, provide sufficient benefits to reducevulnerability to child labor and are accessible to families. + Ensure that social programs, such as the Cash Transfer Program, provide sufficient benefits to reduce vulnerability to child labor and are accessible to families. @@ -15502,7 +16022,7 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis Middle East and North Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Lebanon made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Social Affairs began implementing the National Action Plan to End Street Begging by Children with a public outreach program, and the Ministry of Labor took steps to review the Labor Code with the goal of raising the minimum age for work to 15, which would align with Lebanon's compulsory education age. Moreover, the Internal Security Forces institutionalized entry training for its cadets on child rights and protection. In addition, the government improved access to education with a policy allowing all refugees to enroll in public schools regardless of whether they have the required documentation for school enrollment. However, children in Lebanon engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in construction and in forced labor in agriculture. Children also engage in child labor in the production of potatoes and tobacco. Laws related to forced labor do not meet international standards as there is no legislative provision that provides criminal penalties for forced labor, and debt bondage is not criminally prohibited. Furthermore, the Ministry of Labor’s budget was unable to cover equipment, personnel, and transport costs to conduct inspections. In addition, labor inspectors do not have the authority to inspect informal workplaces, where child labor in Lebanon is most prominent, and programs targeting child labor remained insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + In 2019, Lebanon made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Social Affairs began implementing the National Action Plan to End Street Begging by Children with a public outreach program, and the Ministry of Labor took steps to review the Labor Code with the goal of raising the minimum age for work to 15, which would align with Lebanon's compulsory education age. Moreover, the Internal Security Forces institutionalized entry training for its cadets on child rights and protection. In addition, the government improved access to education with a policy allowing all refugees to enroll in public schools regardless of whether they have the required documentation for school enrollment. However, children in Lebanon engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in construction and in forced labor in agriculture. Children also engage in child labor in the production of potatoes and tobacco. Laws related to forced labor do not meet international standards as there is no legislative provision that provides criminal penalties for forced labor, and debt bondage is not criminally prohibited. Furthermore, the Ministry of Labor’s budget was unable to cover equipment, personnel, and transport costs to conduct inspections. In addition, labor inspectors do not have the authority to inspect informal workplaces, where child labor in Lebanon is most prominent, and programs targeting child labor remained insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. Potatoes @@ -15593,10 +16113,10 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -15612,37 +16132,39 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - Unknown (3) - 34 (3) - No (63) - Unknown (3) + Unknown + 34 + No + Unknown N/A - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes(63) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Yes N/A - Yes (3) - 10 (3) - 8 (3) - 7 (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) + Yes + 10 + 8 + 7 + Unknown + Yes + Yes @@ -15661,13 +16183,13 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis Ensure that there is an adequate mechanism to receive and log child labor complaints and refer them for investigation. - Track and publish information on labor law enforcement, includingfundingand inspections. + Track and publish information on labor law enforcement, including funding and inspections. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - Provide Ministry of Labor inspectors with proper funding andnecessary transportation, and ensure that they are able to conduct labor inspections in areas in which child labor is prevalent, including the informal sector. + Provide Ministry of Labor inspectors with proper funding and necessary transportation, and ensure that they are able to conduct labor inspections in areas in which child labor is prevalent, including the informal sector. Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. @@ -15676,7 +16198,7 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis Publish information on criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including convictions. - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies have the necessary funding, human resources,and equipment toinvestigate and prosecute criminal cases ofchild labor,in accordance with the law. + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies have the necessary funding, human resources, and equipment to investigate and prosecute criminal cases of child labor, in accordance with the law. @@ -15697,10 +16219,10 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis Ensure that the National Poverty Alleviation Program is implemented. - Increase the number of shelters for child victims of human trafficking and other forms of child labor to ensure thatvictims are not placed in detention centers. + Increase the number of shelters for child victims of human trafficking and other forms of child labor to ensure that victims are not placed in detention centers. - Expand programs to fully address the extent of child labor, particularly regarding child trafficking victims and the lack ofservice centers. + Expand programs to fully address the extent of child labor, particularly regarding child trafficking victims and the lack of service centers. @@ -15716,12 +16238,7 @@ government passed a policy package that established a National Referral Mechanis Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In -2019, Lesotho made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor. Lesotho ratified ILO Protocol 29 to the Forced Labor Convention of 1930 and published datarelevant to child labor fromthe UNICEF-supportedMultiple Indicator Cluster Surveyand the Violence Against Children Survey. However, children in Lesotho -continue to engage in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human -trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks related to animal herding and domestic work. Lesotho’s compulsory education age is below the minimum age for -work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The government also lacks sufficientmechanisms to combat child labor, and labor inspections are not conducted in high-risk sectors, including the informal sector. + In 2019, Lesotho made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Lesotho ratified ILO Protocol 29 to the Forced Labor Convention of 1930 and published data relevant to child labor from the UNICEF-supported Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey and the Violence Against Children Survey. However, children in Lesotho engage in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks related to animal herding and domestic work. Lesotho’s compulsory education age is below the minimum age for work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The government also lacks sufficient mechanisms to combat child labor, and labor inspections are not conducted in high-risk sectors, including the informal sector. Cattle @@ -15788,10 +16305,10 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove Yes - Yes + No No - Yes + No Yes @@ -15806,10 +16323,10 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -15825,63 +16342,71 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove No - 13‡ + 13 No No - Unknown (9) - 30 (9) - No(9) - No(9) - No(9) - Yes (9) - 552 (9) - 552 (9) - 1 (9) - 0 (9) - 0 (9) - Yes (9) - Yes(9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - No (9) - No (9) - No (9) - Unknown (9) - 0 (9) - 0 (9) - 0 (9) - Yes (9) + Unknown + 30 + No + No + No + Yes + 552 + 552 + 1 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No Establish age 15 as the age up to which education is compulsory to match the minimum age for full-time work. + + Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion to be considered child trafficking. + Provide adequate funding and training for labor inspectors and criminal investigators to address the worst forms of child labor. + + Publish enforcement data such as the number of investigations + Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all relevant sectors, including the informal sector. - Ensure that the labor inspectorate is authorized to assess penalties. + Ensure that the labor inspectorate is authorized to assess penalties including those related to the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure that the Community Coordination Teams are active and undertaking activities in support of their missions. + Ensure that the Community Coordination Teams are active and undertaking activities in support of their missions. - Ensure that there is a policy for the elimination of child labor to replace the expiredNational Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. + Ensure that there is a policy for the elimination of child labor to replace the expired National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in existing youth policies, such as the Education Sector Strategic Plan. @@ -15904,7 +16429,10 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove Ensure that children with disabilities have equal access to education. - Address educational and logistical gaps resulting in reduced opportunities for secondary education, including shortage of teachers and secondary schoolfees. + Address educational and logistical gaps resulting in reduced opportunities for secondary education, including shortage of teachers and secondary school fees. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. @@ -15920,7 +16448,7 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Liberia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Justice successfully prosecuted one case of child trafficking and the government endorsed the National Action Plan on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor. However, children in Liberia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of rubber and the mining of gold and diamonds. In addition, Liberia has yet to accede to the UN CRC Protocol on Armed Conflict and the Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. The compulsory education age is lower than the minimum age for work, making children age 15 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor because they are not required to attend schoolnor legally permitted to work until age 16. Social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem in the country. + In 2019, Liberia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Justice successfully prosecuted one case of child trafficking and the government endorsed the National Action Plan on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor. However, children in Liberia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of rubber and the mining of gold and diamonds. In addition, Liberia has yet to accede to the UN CRC Protocol on Armed Conflict and the Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. The compulsory education age is lower than the minimum age for work, making children age 15 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor because they are not required to attend school nor legally permitted to work. Social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem in the country. Diamonds @@ -16014,10 +16542,10 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -16039,31 +16567,33 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove - Unknown (25) - 51 (25) - No(25) - Yes(25) - N/A(25) - Unknown (25) - 236 (25) - 236 (25) - Unknown(25) - Unknown (25) - Unknown(25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes(25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Unknown(25) - Unknown(25) - N/A (25) - Unknown(25) - Unknown (25) - Unknown (25) - 2(25) - 1 (25) - Yes (25) + Unknown + 51 + No + Yes + N/A + Unknown + 236 + 236 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + 2 + 1 + Yes + Unknown @@ -16079,7 +16609,7 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor violations. + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor violations. Ensure that penalties for employing children under the minimum age for work are stringent enough to deter violations. @@ -16088,13 +16618,13 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove Conduct an adequate number of worksite inspections to combat child labor. - Publish informationon the labor inspectorate’s funding and the number of child labor violations found. + Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s funding and the number of child labor violations found. - Ensure labor inspections are conducted in all sectorsin whichchildren work. + Ensure labor inspections are conducted in all sectors in which children work. - Ensure that the labor inspectorate’s complaint mechanism is adequately supported and operational. + Ensure that the labor inspectorate’s complaint and referral mechanism is adequately supported and operational. Ensure adequate funding for child labor enforcement agencies, such as the Ministry of Labor, the Liberia National Police, and the Women and Children Protection Section, and provide necessary training for such officials to enforce child labor laws. @@ -16103,28 +16633,28 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove Disaggregate the child endangerment cases prosecuted through the Ministry of Justice to determine the number of cases related to the worst forms of child labor. - Publish information on criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor, including the number of violations found, penalties applied, and whether initial and refresher trainings were offered. + Publish information on criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor, including the number of investigations, violations found, penalties applied, and whether initial and refresher trainings were offered. - Ensure adequate funding for the National Commission on Child Labor's program activities to address child labor. + Ensure adequate funding for the National Commission on Child Labor's program activities to address child labor. - Ensure coordinating bodies are active and able to implement their mandates, including the Anti-Human Trafficking Task Force. + Ensure coordinating bodies, including the TIP Task Force, are implementing effective case referral mechanisms. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies. - Publish information about the activities taken to implement policies that address child labor. + Publish information about the activities taken to implement policies that address child labor. - Collect and publish comprehensive researchdata to determine child labor activities and to inform policies and programs. + Collect and publish comprehensive research data to determine child labor activities and to inform policies and programs. Improve access to education by subsidizing the cost of school related costs and reduce barriers to education by building additional schools, addressing sexual abuse in schools, and providing adequate transportation. @@ -16149,35 +16679,28 @@ work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The gove Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Madagascar made a moderate -advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Thegovernment published data on child labor and ratified International Labor Organization conventionsC189 on domestic workers and the 2014 Protocol to the 1930 Convention on Forced Labor, both potentiallyrelevant toaddressingchild labor. The Ministry of Labor also took important steps toward modifying its Labor Code to grant the inspectorate sanction authority. In addition, the government begana process torenew its National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons, and the National Bureau to Combat Human Trafficking led efforts to develop a human trafficking database. AlthoughMadagascar made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, the government failed to impose penalties for child labor violations and failed to investigate public officialssuspected offacilitating the worst forms of child labor.Children in Madagascar engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in -commercial sexual exploitation and mining mica. Children also perform dangerous -tasks in agriculture, including in the production of -vanilla.Limited resources for the enforcement of child -labor laws mayimpede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms -of child labor, and social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to -adequately address the extent of the problem. + In 2019, Madagascar made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published data on child labor and ratified International Labor Organization conventionsC189 on domestic workers and the 2014 Protocol to the 1930 Convention on Forced Labor, both potentially relevant to addressing child labor. The Ministry of Labor also took important steps toward modifying its Labor Code to grant the inspectorate sanction authority. In addition, the government began a process to renew its National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons, and the National Bureau to Combat Human Trafficking led efforts to develop a human trafficking database. Although Madagascar made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, the government failed to impose penalties for child labor violations and failed to investigate public officials suspected of facilitating the worst forms of child labor. Children in Madagascar engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and domestic servitude. Children also perform dangerous tasks while mining mica and in agriculture, including in the production of vanilla. Limited resources for the enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor, and social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - Vanilla + Mica Yes No No - Sapphires + Vanilla Yes No No - Stones + Sapphires Yes No No - Mica + Stones Yes No No @@ -16259,10 +16782,10 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -16278,42 +16801,44 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. Yes - 16‡ + 16 No Yes Unknown - 148 (10) - No(10) - Yes (10) - N/A (10) - No (10) + 148 + No + Yes + N/A + No Unknown Unknown - 446 (10) - 0 (10) - 0 (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) + 446 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes N/A - No (10) - 942 (10) - 51 (10) + No + 942 + 51 Unknown Unknown - Yes (10) + Yes + Unknown - Increase the number of labor inspectorsto meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. @@ -16337,16 +16862,16 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. Ensure that when encountered, children are removed from child labor situations and that penalties for child labor violations are applied. - Ensure criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, equipment, and transportation tocombat the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, equipment, and transportation to combat the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure inspectors regularly utilize their authority to conduct unannounced inspections rather than only conduct inspections when complaints are received. + Ensure inspectors regularly utilize their authority to conduct unannounced inspections rather than conduct inspections only in response to complaints. Publish criminal law enforcement data on number of prosecutions initiated, number of convictions achieved, and penalties assessed for criminal law enforcement violations in relation to child labor. - Investigate and prosecute public officials who arecomplicit in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor. + Investigate and prosecute public officials who are allegedly complicit in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor. @@ -16364,7 +16889,7 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including those in rural communities, by removing fees for supplies and school-related costs, increasing school infrastructure and transportation services, hiring sufficiently qualified teachers, and ensuring children’s safety in schools. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including those in rural communities, by removing fees for supplies and school-related costs, increasing school infrastructure and transportation services, hiring sufficiently qualified teachers, and ensuring children’s safety in schools. Ensure that social protection systems have adequate funding and staff to provide appropriate services to victims of the worst forms of child labor. @@ -16373,6 +16898,11 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. Expand the scope of programs to address child labor in agriculture and the worst forms of child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and mining. + + + N/A + + Yes @@ -16386,13 +16916,7 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, -Malawi made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of -child labor. The government established a Tobacco Commission to enforce the Tobacco Industry Bill, which requires tobacco growers to report on efforts to eliminate child labor in tobacco farming, and significantly increased funding of its labor inspectorate. In addition, key coordinating bodies contributed to the development ofaChild Labor Mainstreaming Guide, which advises government departments and public sector organizations on integrating child labor prevention and elimination into their activities.However, children in Malawi continue to engage in the -worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as aresult of human trafficking, andthe harvesting of tobacco. - In addition, gaps continue to exist in labor -law enforcement related to child labor, including financial resource -allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in private homes and non-commercial farms. + In 2019, Malawi made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government elevated the Tobacco Commission to enforce the Tobacco Industry Bill, which requires tobacco growers to report on efforts to eliminate child labor in tobacco farming, and significantly increased funding of its labor inspectorate. In addition, key coordinating bodies contributed to the development of a Child Labor Mainstreaming Guide, which advises government departments and public sector organizations on integrating child labor prevention and elimination into their activities. However, children in Malawi continue to engage in the worst forms of child labor including in the harvesting of tobacco and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. In addition, gaps continue to exist in labor law enforcement related to child labor, including financial resource allocation, and minimum age protections do not extend to children working in private homes and non-commercial farms. Tea @@ -16486,10 +17010,10 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -16511,36 +17035,38 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv - $198,924 (57) - 78(57) - No (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Unknown (7) - Unknown (7) - 10 (57) - N/A (7) - N/A(7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - No (57) - Yes (57) - No (57) - 3(21) - 4 (21) - 13(21,57) - 4(21) - Yes (7) + $198,924 + 78 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 10 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + No + 3 + 4 + 13 + 4 + Yes + Yes - Ensure that all forms of children’s work, including work conducted by children in private homes (domestic service) and on non-commercial farms, receive legal protection, including a minimum age for work that complies with international standards. + Ensure that all forms of children’s work, including work conducted by children in private homes (domestic service) and on non-commercial farms, receive legal protection, including a minimum age for work that complies with international standards. Ensure legal protection for children working in the tenancy system. @@ -16552,23 +17078,14 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Raise the minimum age for work from 14 years to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor. - - - Finalize and implement national child labor and child protection policies. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Sector Plan and the National Youth Policy. - + - Publish and implement the National Action Plan for the Child. + N/A - + - Ensure that additional educational costs,inadequate school infrastructure and number of teachers,long travel distances to reach schools,exposure to sexual violence, and the impact of HIV/AIDS do not serve as barriers to education. + Ensure that additional educational costs, inadequate school infrastructure and number of teachers, long travel distances to reach schools, exposure to sexual violence, and the impact of HIV/AIDS do not serve as barriers to education. Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key programs related to child labor. @@ -16585,7 +17102,7 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Publish information on the number of labor inspections conducted, including worksite inspections. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Increase resources to the labor inspectorate to conduct regular child labor inspections, including in remote and rural areas. @@ -16597,12 +17114,23 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcement investigators, including by training new investigators and providing refresher courses. - Ensure that children who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation do notfall victim to sexualextortion andare not arrestedor detained. + Ensure that children who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation do not fall victim to sexual extortion and are not arrested or detained. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Finalize and implement national child labor and child protection policies. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Sector Plan and the National Youth Policy. + + + Publish and implement the National Action Plan for the Child. + + Yes @@ -16646,7 +17174,7 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Asia and the Pacific No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Maldivesmade aminimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.During the reporting period, thegovernment passed a new Child Rights Protection Act, which ensures compliance with international child protection laws and standards, including international labor treaties. In addition, theNational Anti-Human Trafficking Steering Committee met for the first time in more than 2 years.However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Maldives engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation,each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government has not determined specific hazardous occupations or activities that are prohibited for children, and the law does not sufficiently prohibit the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Moreover, the government does not have a coordinating mechanism, policy, or programthat addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor in the country. + In 2019, Maldives made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government passed a new Child Rights Protection Act, which ensures compliance with international child protection laws and standards and criminalizes the use of children in illicit activities, such as drug production and trafficking. In addition, the National Anti-Human Trafficking Steering Committee met for the first time in more than 2 years. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Maldives engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government has not determined specific hazardous occupations or activities that are prohibited for children, and the law does not sufficiently prohibit the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Moreover, the government does not have a policy or program that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor in the country. @@ -16724,10 +17252,10 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -16749,36 +17277,38 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv - $572,984 (5) - 15 (5) - Yes (5) - No (5) + $572,984 + 15 + Yes + No N/A - No (5) - 230 (5) - 230 (5) - 0 (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - No (5) - Yes (5) + No + 230 + 230 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes N/A - Yes (5) - 80(5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Yes (5) + Yes + 80 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, including procuring, offering, and using children for pornographic performances. @@ -16787,17 +17317,22 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + N/A + + - Adopt a policy to address all relevant formsof child labor. + Adopt a policy to address all relevant forms of child labor. - Ensure that labor inspectors receive training that specifically focuses on child labor issues, including training for new employees. + Ensure that labor inspectors receive training that specifically focuses on child labor issues, including training for new employees and refresher courses. - Ensure that the labor inspectorate receivessufficient resources to enforce child labor laws, including to cover inspections in outlying islands, which incurs a large travel cost. + Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws, including to cover inspections in outlying islands, which incurs a large travel cost. Establish a referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services. @@ -16806,10 +17341,10 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Provide sufficient funding and training to the police and prosecutors, and ensure that investigators have the resources necessary to enforce laws on the worst forms of child labor. - Collect and publish data oncriminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of violations,prosecutions, and convictions for crimes involving the worst forms of child labor. + Collect and publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of violations, prosecutions, and convictions for crimes involving the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure sufficient coordination between the labor inspectorate and the Maldives Inland Revenue Authority to ensurefines authorized by the labor inspectorate are collected. + Ensure sufficient coordination between the labor inspectorate and the Maldives Inland Revenue Authority to ensure fines authorized by the labor inspectorate are collected. @@ -16823,7 +17358,7 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Implement and provide sufficient resources for programs that address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, the use of children for drug trafficking, and forced labor in domestic work. - Provide sufficient funding, human resources, and staff training for Family and Child Service centers and sheltersthat serveabused and exploited children. + Provide sufficient funding, human resources, and staff training for Family and Child Service centers and shelters that serve abused and exploited children. @@ -16839,7 +17374,7 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Mali made amoderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government allocated $350,000 to anti-trafficking efforts, including training judges, prosecutors, police, and civil society members on Mali's anti-trafficking law. The government also published data on enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspections conducted and violations identified, in addition to draftingtwo new laws which increase penalties for trafficking crimes and exploitation of migrant children.However, children in Mali engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in the production of cotton and rice. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas,the Malian Armed Forces also recruited and used 24 children ages 9 to 16 in support roles for at least 2 years, in violation of its national law. Although the children were released in November2019following high-level engagement, there is no evidence that government officials were sanctioned for the recruitment and use of the children. Further, Mali's law only prohibits hereditary slavery as a result of human trafficking,does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities, and allows children under age 18tobe penalized as a direct result of forced recruitment by armed groups. In addition, resource constraints severely limited the government’s ability to fully implement the National Plan to Combat Child Labor, and social and rehabilitation services for victims ofthe worst forms of child laborare inadequate. + In 2019, Mali made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government allocated $350,000 to anti-trafficking efforts, including training judges, prosecutors, police, and civil society members on Mali's anti-trafficking law. The government also published data on enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspections conducted and violations identified, in addition to drafting two new laws which increase penalties for trafficking crimes and exploitation of migrant children. In addition, the government published a new mining code which prohibits the use of child labor in artisanal mining. However, children in Mali engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in the production of cotton and rice. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, the Malian Armed Forces also recruited and used 24 children ages 9 to 16 in support roles for at least 2 years, in violation of its national law. Although the children were released in November2019following high-level engagement, there is no evidence that government officials were sanctioned for the recruitment and use of the children. Further, Mali's law only prohibits hereditary slavery as a result of human trafficking, does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities, and allows children under age 18tobe penalized as a direct result of forced recruitment by armed groups. In addition, resource constraints severely limited the government’s ability to fully implement the National Plan to Combat Child Labor, and social and rehabilitation services for victims of the worst forms of child labor are inadequate. Gold @@ -16955,37 +17490,39 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - $85,000 (6) - 113 (6) - Yes (6,49) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - 671 (6) - 671 (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Unknown (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Unknown (6) - Yes (6) - 2 (6) - 46(6,34) - 2 (6) - 0 (6) - Yes (6) + $85,000 + 113 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 671 + 671 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Yes + 2 + 46 + 2 + 0 + Yes + Unknown @@ -16996,7 +17533,7 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Ensure that the Labor Code specifies the conditions under which light work may be undertaken to prevent child labor. - Ensure thatthe law criminallyprohibits hereditary slavery independently of slavery that occurs as a result of trafficking. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits hereditary slavery independently of slavery that occurs as a result of trafficking. Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups and in any armed conflict. @@ -17019,21 +17556,21 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Implement the provisions of the Inter-Ministerial Circular and the UN-signed Protocol, which require that children in detention for their association with armed groups be transferred to social services or to UN child protection actors for appropriate reintegration and social protection services. - Ensure thatenforcement officials throughout the country receiveadditional training, transportation, and equipment necessary to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. + Ensure that enforcement officials throughout the country receive additional training, transportation, and equipment necessary to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. - Ensure thatgovernment officials are sanctionedand heldaccountable forinterference in legal cases related to crimes of the worst forms of child labor, including in cases of slavery and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. + Ensure that government officials are sanctioned and held accountable for interference in legal cases related to crimes of the worst forms of child labor, including in cases of slavery and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. - Increaselabor inspectorate funding and resources, including equipment andtransportation to carry out inspections, especially in remote areas of northern Mali. + Increase labor inspectorate funding and resources, including equipment and transportation to carry out inspections, especially in remote areas of northern Mali. - Clarify roles for coordinatingmechanisms combating child labor and improve coordination among relevant agencies. + Clarify roles for coordinating mechanisms combating child labor and improve coordination among relevant agencies. - Ensure thatcoordinating mechanismsreceivesufficient resources to coordinate efforts to address child labor. + Ensure that coordinating mechanisms receive sufficient resources to coordinate efforts to address child labor. @@ -17043,7 +17580,7 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and those living in conflict-affected areas, by removingschool-related fees, increasing school infrastructure, increasing teacher availability,providing school supplies, and taking measures to ensure the safety of children and teachers in schools. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and those living in conflict-affected areas, by removing school-related fees, increasing school infrastructure, increasing teacher availability, providing school supplies, and taking measures to ensure the safety of children and teachers in schools. Ensure that government social services have sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for victims of the worst forms of child labor, including for children used in armed conflict. @@ -17052,17 +17589,17 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv Increase birth registration rates to ensure that children have access to social services, including education. - Institute new programs to address child labor in all relevant sectors,including domestic work, forced begging, and commercial sexual exploitation. + Institute new programs to address child labor in all relevant sectors, including domestic work, forced begging, and commercial sexual exploitation. - Ensure thatthe military and non-state armed groups do not occupy schools. + Ensure that the military and non-state armed groups do not occupy schools. - - - + NA + NA + NA @@ -17070,9 +17607,8 @@ allocation, andminimum age protections do not extend to children working in priv https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Policy and Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Mauritania made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Unlike previous years when the government did not adequately prosecute or secure convictions in slavery cases, the government investigated, prosecuted, and convicted12 perpetrators in 3 cases of slavery during the reporting period. In addition, it created and funded a new agency, Taazour, to assist vulnerable populations,including communities of slave descent. The governmentalsorevised laws on trafficking in persons andeased requirements for registering non-governmental organizations. However, despite making meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, Mauritania is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a policy and a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Although there were indications of progress,criminal law enforcement authorities did not make adequate efforts to combat slavery and its vestiges during the reporting period. Specifically, prosecution and convictions in slavery cases are isolated, and reports continue to indicate that some government actors, including police and judicial authorities, are unwilling to pursue such cases. In addition, since 2011, the government has required proof of marriage and biological parents’ citizenship for children to obtain a birth certificate. As a result, children born out of wedlock and many Haratine and Sub-Saharan ethnic minority children, including those of slave descent, have been prevented from being registered at birth. Because birth certificates are required for enrollment in secondary school in Mauritania, children as young as age 12 cannot access education, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Mauritania engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in indentured and hereditary slavery. Children also perform -dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The government did not make sufficient efforts to enforce some laws related to the worst forms of child labor, including laws on hereditary slavery.In addition, lack of financial resourcesseverely limited the government's ability to fully implementpolicies, and social programs to combat the worst forms of child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Policy and Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Mauritania made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Unlike previous years when the government did not adequately prosecute or secure convictions in slavery cases, the government investigated, prosecuted, and convicted12 perpetrators in 3 cases of slavery during the reporting period. In addition, it created and funded a new agency, Taazour, to assist vulnerable populations, including communities of slave descent. The government also revised laws on trafficking in persons and eased requirements for registering non-governmental organizations. However, despite making meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, Mauritania is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a policy and a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Although there were indications of progress, criminal law enforcement authorities did not make adequate efforts to combat slavery and its vestiges during the reporting period. Specifically, prosecution and convictions in slavery cases are isolated, and reports continue to indicate that some government actors, including police and judicial authorities, are unwilling to pursue such cases. In addition, since 2011, the government has required proof of marriage and biological parents’ citizenship for children to obtain a birth certificate. As a result, children born out of wedlock and many Haratine and Sub-Saharan ethnic minority children, including those of slave descent, have been prevented from being registered at birth. Because birth certificates are required for enrollment in secondary school in Mauritania, children as young as age 12 cannot access education, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Mauritania engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in indentured and hereditary slavery. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The government did not make sufficient efforts to enforce some laws related to the worst forms of child labor, including laws on hereditary slavery. In addition, lack of financial resources severely limited the government's ability to fully implement policies, and social programs to combat the worst forms of child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. Cattle @@ -17163,10 +17699,10 @@ dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The go Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -17188,65 +17724,70 @@ dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The go - $33,300 (14) - 127 (14) - No (14) - Yes (14) - Yes (14,42) - Yes (14) - Unknown (14) - Unknown (14) - Unknown (14) - Unknown (14) - Unknown (14) - No (14) - N/A (14) - Yes (14) - No(42) - Yes (14) - Yes (14) - Yes (14) - Yes (14) - Yes (14) - 3 (14) - 3(14) - 8(14,23,86) - 5 (14) - Yes (14) + $33,300 + 127 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 3 + 3 + 8 + 5 + Yes + Yes - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which light work may be undertaken. + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which light work may be undertaken. Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including domestic work. - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory isequal tothe minimum age for work. + Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is equal to the minimum age for work. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - Increase personnel, training, and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, including the Anti-Slavery Courts, toadequately enforce labor laws, especially in remote areas and in the informal sector. + Increase personnel, training, and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, including the Anti-Slavery Courts, to adequately enforce labor laws, especially in remote areas and in the informal sector. - Strengthen the labor inspection system by authorizing the labor inspectorate to assess penalties andinitiate routine and targeted inspections, rather than performing inspections based solelyon complaints received. + Strengthen the labor inspection system by authorizing the labor inspectorate to assess penalties and initiate routine and targeted inspections, rather than performing inspections based solely on complaints received. - Increase efforts to ensure that cases ofthe worst forms of child labor, including hereditary slavery and forced begging, are investigated and prosecuted in accordance with the law. + Increase efforts to ensure that cases of the worst forms of child labor, including hereditary slavery and forced begging, are investigated and prosecuted in accordance with the law. Publish information on the number of labor inspections, child labor law violations found, and penalties assessed and collected. - Legally recognize civil society organizations that work to protect the human rights of the Haratine ethnic minority and former slave groups, in particular those that assist victims of slavery in filing cases, register births,and ensure access to education, and ensure that legislation is not used to impair their ability to function. + Legally recognize civil society organizations that work to protect the human rights of the Haratine ethnic minority and former slave groups, in particular those that assist victims of slavery in filing cases, register births, and ensure access to education, and ensure that legislation is not used to impair their ability to function. - Ensurethat cases of slavery are prosecuted according to the law. + Ensure that cases of slavery are prosecuted according to the law. - Ensure the safety of anti-slavery activists and allow peaceful public discourse and assembly on slavery, slavery-like practices, and the vestiges of slavery, free from government interference. + Ensure the safety of anti-slavery activists and allow peaceful public discourse and assembly on slavery, slavery-like practices, and the vestiges of slavery, free from government interference. Ensure that penalties are high enough to deter violators of child labor laws. @@ -17277,7 +17818,7 @@ dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The go Implement a continuous awareness-raising program for government officials on the laws related to slavery and the worst forms of child labor. - Conduct research and collect data on slavery to inform the development ofeffective policies and programs to identify and protect children who are at risk. + Conduct research and collect data on slavery to inform the development of effective policies and programs to identify and protect children who are at risk. Increase funding for social programs that provide services to former slaves. @@ -17285,7 +17826,7 @@ dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The go - Ensure the Ministry of Labor’s participation in the National Child Protection Council. + Ensure the Ministry of Labor’s participation in the National Child Protection Council. @@ -17301,10 +17842,7 @@ dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The go Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Mauritius made a minimal advancement in efforts to -eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the Workers' Rights Act, which strengthened protections for working children, and continued to implement social programs to support public education around the country. However, children in Mauritius engage -in the worst forms of child labor, including incommercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities. Children -also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did not collectnor publish data on criminal law enforcement, and gaps remain in the implementation of key policies and social programs related to child labor. + In 2019, Mauritius made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the Workers' Rights Act, which strengthened protections for working children, and continued to implement social programs to support public education around the country. However, children in Mauritius engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities. Children also engage in child labor in construction and street work. The government did not collect nor publish data on criminal law enforcement, and gaps remain in the implementation of key policies and social programs related to child labor. @@ -17340,10 +17878,10 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Yes - Yes + No 16 No - Yes + No Yes @@ -17358,10 +17896,10 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Yes - Yes + No No - Yes + No Yes @@ -17382,16 +17920,16 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Yes - N/A*† + N/A No - N/A*† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -17407,31 +17945,33 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no - $1,469,555† (2) - 129 (2) - No (15) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - 10,601(25) - 4,660 (2) - 4 (2) - 1 (2) - 1 (2) - Yes (2) - Unknown (2) - Yes (2,15) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (3) - Yes (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Yes (2) + $1,469,555† + 129 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 10,601 + 4,660 + 4 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -17439,15 +17979,47 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - Finalize and implement legislation to harmonize legal protections for children andensure that the law applies to children working in the informal sector + Finalize and implement legislation to harmonize legal protections for children and ensure that the law applies to children working in the informal sector + + + Ensure that forced labor is criminalized by law. + + + Ensure minimum age for work laws meet international standards. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties. + + + Increase the amount of training, human resources, and funding for agencies responsible for enforcing criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure labor inspectors conduct targeted inspections. + + + Publish information regarding the number of criminal investigations conducted, number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and number of imposed penalties on the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials are fully funded, equipped, and trained to address the problems of the worst forms of child labor in Mauritius. + + + Allow labor inspectors to conduct unannounced inspections in homes, on private farms, and throughout the informal sector. + + + Increase the number of targeted inspections in the informal sector, including the number of inspections occurring outside of summer holiday months. + + - Ensure thatcoordination mechanismsshare information and policy-making decisions to combat the worst forms of child labor. Government should consult with all parties involved with anti-child labor activities, such as NGOs, industry, and other organizations, to ensure no overlap or gaps. + Ensure that coordination mechanisms share information and policy-making decisions to combat the worst forms of child labor. Government should consult with all parties involved with anti-child labor activities, such as NGOs, industry, and other organizations, to ensure no overlap or gaps. - Ensure thatall coordinating bodies, including the High Powered and Working Together Committee,are activeand are able to carry out their intended mandates. + Ensure a coordinating body exists that addresses child labor broadly. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies, including the High Powered and Working Together Committee, are active and are able to carry out their intended mandates. @@ -17472,26 +18044,9 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Ensure that child victims of commercial sexual exploitation have access to comprehensive and quality social services. - Ensurethatprograms addressing child labor are active. + Ensure that programs addressing child labor are active. - - - Increase the amount of training, human resources, and funding for agencies responsible for enforcing criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish information regarding the number of criminalinvestigations conducted, number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and number of imposed penalties on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials are fully funded, equipped, and trained to address the problems of the worst forms of child labor in Mauritius. - - - Allow labor inspectors to conduct unannounced inspections in homes, on private farms, and throughout the informal sector. - - - Increase the number of targeted inspections in the informal sector, including the number of inspections occurring outside of summer holiday months. - - Yes @@ -17505,7 +18060,7 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Latin America and the Caribbean No No Assessment - For the 2019 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Mexico's efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because this is the first year that efforts have been assessed and suggested actions are included for Mexico. During the reporting period, the Government of Mexico made meaningfulefforts in all relevant areasto combat the worst forms of child labor, including by ratifying the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement,and byrevisingthe General Education Law to strengthen educational access for children frommarginalized groups. The government also obtained convictions in 12 cases of child trafficking, established a new commission for the protection of migrant children, and drafted the Plan of Action to Combat Child Labor 2019–2024.Furthermore, the government carried out its 2019 National Child Labor Survey, and continued to fund and supporta program that improved educational access for over 73,000 indigenous and Afro-descendant children. However, children in Mexico engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of chile peppers, coffee, sugarcane, and tomatoes. Although nearly 60 percent of employment occurs in the informal sector, federal and some state-level labor inspectors are only permitted to carry out inspections in the informalsector in response to complaints. In addition,a lack of human and financialresourceslimited the government's ability to adequately enforce labor and criminal law, and the governmentdid not publish completeinformation on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts.Furthermore, social programs to combat child labor do not address all relevant sectors of child labor in Mexico. + For the 2019 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Mexico's efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because this is the first year that efforts have been assessed and suggested actions are included for Mexico. During the reporting period, the Government of Mexico made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas to combat the worst forms of child labor, including by ratifying the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, and by revising the General Education Law to strengthen educational access for children from marginalized groups. The government also obtained convictions in 12 cases of child trafficking, established a new commission for the protection of migrant children, and drafted the Plan of Action to Combat Child Labor 2019–2024.Furthermore, the government carried out its 2019 National Child Labor Survey, and continued to fund and support a program that improved educational access for over 73,000 indigenous and Afro-descendant children. However, children in Mexico engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of chile peppers, coffee, sugarcane, and tomatoes. Although nearly 60 percent of employment occurs in the informal sector, federal and some state-level labor inspectors are only permitted to carry out inspections in the informal sector in response to complaints. In addition, a lack of human and financial resources limited the government's ability to adequately enforce labor and criminal law, and the government did not publish complete information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Furthermore, social programs to combat child labor do not address all relevant sectors of child labor in Mexico. Beans (green beans) @@ -17513,6 +18068,12 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no No No + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + Chile Peppers Yes @@ -17538,63 +18099,57 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no No - Melons + Garments Yes No No - Onions + Leather Goods Yes No No - Poppies + Melons Yes No No - Pornography + Onions Yes No No - Sugarcane + Poppies Yes No No - Tobacco + Pornography Yes No No - Tomatoes - Yes - Yes - No - - - Cattle + Sugarcane Yes No No - Garments + Tobacco Yes No No - Leather Goods + Tomatoes Yes - No + Yes No @@ -17693,34 +18248,36 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Yes - 18‡ + 18 No Yes - $29,626,569 (138) - 421 (100) - Yes (102) + $29,626,569 + 421 + Yes N/A Unknown - Unknown (140) - 35,981 (100) + Unknown + 35,981 Unknown - 648 (100) - Unknown (100) - Unknown (100) - Yes (142) - Yes (143) - Yes (100,142,143) - Unknown (142,143) - Yes (143) - Yes (143) - 31 (92) - Unknown (92) - 31 (92) - 4 (92) - Yes (92,150) + 648 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + 31 + Unknown + 31 + 4 + Yes + Yes @@ -17733,7 +18290,7 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Adopt a policy that addresses all the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure relevant government ministries develop, publish, andimplement ministry-specific plans with components to prevent and eliminate child labor. + Ensure relevant government ministries develop, publish, and implement ministry-specific plans with components to prevent and eliminate child labor. @@ -17741,16 +18298,16 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Expand access to education by increasing school infrastructure, providing education materials and instruction in native languages, and ensure all children are able to attend school, including those in migrant or indigenous communities. - Ensure that the Benito Juárez Wellbeing Scholarship Program provides sufficient assistance to vulnerable students and receives regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure effective implementation. + Ensure that the Benito Juarez Wellbeing Scholarship Program provides sufficient assistance to vulnerable students and receives regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure effective implementation. - Implement or expand social protection programs throughout the country for victims of child labor in all relevant sectors, including incommercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities. + Implement or expand social protection programs throughout the country for victims of child labor in all relevant sectors, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities. - Remove children from non-state armed groups and organized criminal groups and ensure they are provided with adequate social services. + Remove children from organized criminal groups and ensure they are provided with adequate social services. - Ensureunaccompanied migrant children areplaced in child protection centers instead of detention centersand receive access to education. + Ensure unaccompanied migrant children are placed in child protection centers instead of detention centers and receive access to education. @@ -17763,22 +18320,19 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no Ensure the STPS at the federal and state levels conduct targeted and unannounced labor inspections in all sectors, including in the informal sector and in rural areas. - Improve coordination and information sharingbetween federal and state-level labor inspectorates. - - - Publish information at the federal and state levelon the number of child labor penalties imposed and collected, the number of inspections at worksites and unannounced inspections conducted,the number of criminal labor violations found, and disaggregate the number of prosecutions initiated and number of convictions secured by the number of cases involving children. + Improve coordination and information sharing between federal and state-level labor inspectorates. - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors in accordance with the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. + Publish information at the federal and state level on the number of child labor penalties imposed and collected, the number of inspections at worksites and unannounced inspections conducted, the number of criminal labor violations found, and disaggregate the number of prosecutions initiated and number of convictions secured by the number of cases involving children. - Establish a case tracking system to ensure thatviolations of child labor laws are recorded and victims of child labor are referred to the appropriate services. + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors in accordance with the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. - Increase training for enforcement officials, prosecutors, and judges to ensureadequate criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor. + Establish a case tracking system to ensure that violations of child labor laws are recorded and victims of child labor are referred to the appropriate services. - Ensure that government officials are not complicit or involved in perpetuating the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. + Increase training for enforcement officials, prosecutors, and judges to ensure adequate criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor. Train federal and state-level labor inspectors on the Labor Inspection Protocol to Eradicate Child Labor and Protect Adolescent Workers and ensure its guidelines related to identifying and sanctioning child labor violations are followed. @@ -17805,39 +18359,8 @@ also engage in child labor in construction and street work.The government did no https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/moldova Europe and Eurasia No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law and Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Moldova made a -minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The -government established the National Council on Human Rights to monitor and -assess efforts to comply with national and international obligations to combat -child labor, and established an annex specifically for child victims of -traffickingwithin state-runshelters.In addition, -theAnti-Trafficking Bureau's mandate was expandedto include -investigations of all forms of online child sexual exploitation. However, -despite new initiatives to address child labor, Moldova is receiving an assessment -of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law -and practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child -labor.In August 2018, the government amended Law -No.131through Law No. 179, such that unannounced inspections, -even those based on a complaint or at the request of law enforcement or -other state bodies, are permitted only on the basis of a risk assessment that -indicates an immediate threatto the environment, life, health, or -property.This stringent measureseverely limited the State Labor -Inspectorate's ability to conduct unannounced inspections. In addition, -announced inspections are only permitted after the State Labor -Inspectoratefirst requests and receives insufficient documentation from the -business being inspected or after conducting a risk assessment that finds -reasonable indicators of a possible violation. Moreover,whenan inspection is conducted in response to a complaint, the labor inspector must only focus on the alleged -violation outlined in the complaint;if other violations, such as child -labor, are uncovered, they cannot be addressed.Children in Moldova engage -in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, -sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor -in agriculture.Moldova lacksa sufficient number oflabor -inspectors to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce. Furthermore, -training is needed for new criminal investigators. Additionally, entities -responsible for conducting occupational health and safety inspections, -including of hazardous child labor, lacked adequate capacity to do so during -the reporting period. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law and Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Moldova made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established the National Council on Human Rights to monitor and assess efforts to comply with national and international obligations to combat child labor, and established an annex specifically for child victims of trafficking within state-run shelters. In addition, the Anti-Trafficking Bureau's mandate was expanded to include investigations of all forms of online child sexual exploitation. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Moldova is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law and practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In August 2018, the government amended Law No.131through Law No. 179, such that unannounced inspections, even those based on a complaint or at the request of law enforcement or other state bodies, are permitted only on the basis of a risk assessment that indicates an immediate threat to the environment, life, health, or property. This stringent measure severely limited the State Labor Inspectorate's ability to conduct unannounced inspections. In addition, announced inspections are only permitted after the State Labor Inspectorate first requests and receives insufficient documentation from the business being inspected or after conducting a risk assessment that finds reasonable indicators of a possible violation. Moreover, when an inspection is conducted in response to a complaint, the labor inspector must only focus on the alleged violation outlined in the complaint; if other violations, such as child labor, are uncovered, they cannot be addressed. Children in Moldova engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Moldova lacks a sufficient number of labor inspectors to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce. Furthermore, training is needed for new criminal investigators. In addition, entities responsible for conducting occupational, safety, and health inspections, including of hazardous child labor, lacked adequate capacity to do so during the reporting period. @@ -17943,31 +18466,33 @@ the reporting period. - $657,663 (2) - 45 (2) - No (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2,50) - Yes (2) - 1549‡ (2) - 696‡ (2) - 28‡(2) - 5 (2) - 2 (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - No (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - 34‡ (2) - 109 (21) - 30(21) - 16‡ (2) - Yes (2) + $657,663 + 45 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 1549‡ + 696‡ + 28‡ + 5 + 2 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + 34 + 109 + 30 + 16 + Yes + Yes @@ -17985,7 +18510,7 @@ the reporting period. Institute targeted support programs that eliminate discrimination and violence against Roma children and promote equal access to education. - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including for the secessionist region of Transnistria. + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including for the separatist region of Transnistria. Ensure sufficient support for child trafficking victims and children working in agriculture. @@ -17996,36 +18521,36 @@ the reporting period. - Improve the collection of data on criminal law enforcement efforts by curtailing the practice of disjoiningchild trafficking cases. + Improve the collection of data on criminal law enforcement efforts by curtailing the practice of disjoining child trafficking cases. - Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers for on-site inspections and conducting unannounced inspections. + Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers for on-site inspections and conducting unannounced inspections. - Increase the number of labor inspectors and funding for the SLI to ensure that it provides inspectors with the financial resources necessary to inspect for child labor. + Increase the number of labor inspectors and funding for the State Labor Inspectorate to ensure that it provides inspectors with the financial resources necessary to inspect for child labor. - Ensure that investigators, including police officers and CCTIP investigators, receive training on laws and investigative techniques related to the worst forms of child labor, especially for online child pornography and children left behind without parental care. + Ensure that investigators, including police officers and Center for Combating Trafficking in Persons investigators, receive training on laws and investigative techniques related to the worst forms of child labor, especially for online child pornography and children left behind without parental care. - Ensure that entities responsible for conducting OSH inspections have the training and capacity to carry out these inspections in all sectors where child labor is known to occur so that child labor violations are accurately detected. + Ensure that entities responsible for conducting occupational, safety, and health inspections have the training and capacity to carry out these inspections in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur so that child labor violations are accurately detected. - Ensure that labor inspectors are empowered to identify and assess penalties for child labor violations detected during inspections, even if the inspection was not conducted in responseto a child labor complaint. + Ensure that labor inspectors are empowered to identify and assess penalties for child labor violations detected during inspections, even if the inspection was not conducted in response to a child labor complaint. - Clearly define the responsibilities of the CLMU and ensure thatit is fully empowered to coordinate the SLI's efforts to detect and respond to child labor violations. + Clearly define the responsibilities of the Child Labor Monitoring Unit and ensure that it is fully empowered to coordinate the State Labor Inspectorate's efforts to detect and respond to child labor violations. - Reduce procedural requirements for filing child labor complaints and permit such complaints to be made anonymously. + Reduce procedural requirements for filing child labor complaints and permit such complaints to be made anonymously. - Strengthen the enforcement of labor laws by removing limitations on thelabor inspectorate's ability to issue and collect penalties forchild labor violations. + Publish information on the number of child labor violations detected during occupational safety and health inspections conducted by sectoral regulating agencies. - Publish information about activities undertaken to implement policies related to child labor, including the Child Protection Strategy, the Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, the Moldova Strategy Country Note Program Priorities, and the Action Plan to Support the Roma People. + Publish information about activities undertaken to implement policies related to child labor, including the Child Protection Strategy, the Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, the Moldova Strategy Country Note Program Priorities, and the Action Plan to Support the Roma People. @@ -18040,24 +18565,8 @@ the reporting period. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mongolia Asia and the Pacific No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Mongolia made a minimal -advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a resolution raising theminimum age toparticipate in horse jockeying fromage 12 to age18. Furthermore,the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, in coordination with the International Labor Organization, drafted a revised Labor Law in that would allow unannounced labor inspections. The government also expanded -the Children’s Money Program to cover all children in Mongolia, whereas it had -previously only covered approximately 60 percent of Mongolian children. However, despite new initiatives to -address child labor, Mongolia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement -because itcontinued a regression in law that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. During the reporting period,the government did not permit the labor inspectorate to conduct -unannounced inspections, which may haveimpeded the enforcement of child -labor laws. Children in Mongolia engage in the worst forms of child labor, -including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. Children also -perform dangerous tasks in mining and horse jockeying.Mongolia continues -to have a number of legal statutes that do not meetinternational -standards, including that the minimum age -for work does not apply tochildren -in the informal sector or to those who are self-employed. In addition, -laws do not establish criminal penalties for forced labor or slavery, the use -of children in prostitution, or the use, procurement, or offering of a child -for the production and trafficking of drugs. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Mongolia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a resolution raising the minimum age to participate in horse jockeying fromage 12 to age18. Furthermore, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, in coordination with the International Labor Organization, drafted a revised Labor Law in that would allow unannounced labor inspections. The government also expanded the Children’s Money Program to cover all children in Mongolia, whereas it had previously only covered approximately 60 percent of Mongolian children. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mongolia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a regression in law that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. During the reporting period, the government did not permit the labor inspectorate to conduct unannounced inspections, which may have impeded the enforcement of child labor laws. Children in Mongolia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining and horse jockeying. Mongolia continues to have a number of legal statutes that do not meet international standards, including that the minimum age for work does not apply to children in the informal sector or to those who are self-employed. In addition, laws do not establish criminal penalties for forced labor or slavery, the use of children in prostitution, or the use, procurement, or offering of a child for the production and trafficking of drugs. Coal @@ -18179,74 +18688,86 @@ for the production and trafficking of drugs. - Unknown (5) - 66 (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - 2,133 (5) - 2,133 (5) - Unknown (5,15) - Unknown (5,15) - Unknown (5,15) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - No (5) - N/A (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Unknown (5) - Yes (5) - Unknown (5) - 16 (52) - Unknown (5,15) - Unknown (27) - Yes (5) + Unknown + 66 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 2,133 + 2,133 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + 16 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes - Ensure that laws clearly and comprehensively criminalize using, procuring,or offering all children under age 18 for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. + Ensure that laws clearly and comprehensively criminalize using, procuring, or offering all children under age 18 for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Ensure that laws adequately prohibit children under the age of 18from horse racing at all times of the year. + Ensure that laws adequately prohibit children under age 18from horse racing at all times of the year. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the using, procuring, or offering of children under age 18 in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that all forms of forced labor are criminally prohibited. - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, or offering of children under age 18 in the production and trafficking of drugs. + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to children in the informal sector and those that are self-employed. + + - Ensure that all forms of forced labor are criminally prohibited. + N/A + + - Ensure that theminimum age for work applies to children in the informal sectorandthose that are self-employed. + N/A - + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Publish disaggregated information onthe labor inspectorate funding, the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. + Publish disaggregated information on the labor inspectorate funding, the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. - Publish disaggregatedcriminal law enforcement data, including the number of investigations and the number of prosecutions initiated. + Publish disaggregated criminal law enforcement data, including the number of investigations and the number of prosecutions initiated. - Strengthen the inspection system by permitting the General Agency for Specialized Inspections toconduct unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector. + Strengthen the inspection system by permitting the General Agency for Specialized Inspections to conduct unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector. Provide trainings for police officers and government officials to ensure that cases of commercial sexual exploitation involving boy victims are prosecuted under the appropriate law articles. - Conduct regular labor inspections andensure inspectors are able to assess penaltiesat horse racing events. + Conduct regular labor inspections and ensure that inspectors are able to assess penalties at horse racing events. - Provide sufficient training opportunities for labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials,including new lawsrelated to the worst forms of child labor. + Provide sufficient training opportunities for labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials, including new laws related to the worst forms of child labor. Provide adequate funding for law enforcement agencies. @@ -18260,13 +18781,13 @@ for the production and trafficking of drugs. Ensure that survivors of commercial sexual exploitation staying in government-run, government-funded shelters are kept separate from the rest of the shelter population and are protected from abuse. - Ensure that all government-run, government-funded shelter homesare accessible to children with disabilities. + Ensure that all government-run, government-funded shelter home care accessible to children with disabilities. Increase the availability of long-term stay shelter homes. - Increase the number ofschools to help eliminate overcrowding, increase the number of trained teachers, and improve accessibility options for children with disabilities. + Increase the number of schools to help eliminate overcrowding, increase the number of trained teachers, and improve accessibility options for children with disabilities. @@ -18282,12 +18803,7 @@ for the production and trafficking of drugs. Europe and Eurasia No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Montenegro -made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of -child labor. The government adopted the new Strategy for Exercising the Rights of the Child in Montenegro, which aims to improvesafeguards for children, includingprotection from violence and commercial sexual exploitation. The government also increased the labor inspectorate's budget, and convictedand sentenced two individualsforchild sex trafficking, while indicting another for the trafficking of four childrenforlabor exploitation.However, children in Montenegro engage in the -worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual -exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government did not publish or make available information on criminal prosecutions initiated during the reporting period.In addition, research found that the scope of programs -to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient. + In 2019, Montenegro made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted the new Strategy for Exercising the Rights of the Child in Montenegro, which aims to improve safeguards for children, including protection from violence and commercial sexual exploitation. The government also increased the labor inspectorate's budget, and convicted and sentenced two individuals for child sex trafficking, while indicting another for the trafficking of four children for labor exploitation. However, children in Montenegro engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government did not publish or make available information on criminal prosecutions initiated during the reporting period. In addition, research found that the scope of programs to address child labor in street work and forced begging is insufficient. @@ -18365,10 +18881,10 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -18390,31 +18906,33 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient. - $584,447 (7) - 42 (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - N/A (7) - Yes (7) - 10,811 (7) - 10,811 (7) - 42 (7) - 7 (7) - 7 (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - 66 (7) - 53 (7) - Unknown (7) - 2(7) - Yes (7) + $584,447 + 42 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 10,811 + 10,811 + 42 + 7 + 7 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 66 + 53 + Unknown + 2 + Yes + Yes @@ -18425,15 +18943,25 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Increase the number of prosecutions and convictions of perpetrators involved in commercial sexual exploitation. - Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement entities impose appropriatepenalties for child labor violations. + Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement entities impose appropriate penalties for child labor violations. Publish all criminal law enforcement statistics related to child labor. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into national policies for all children, including in theStrategy for Prevention and Protection of Children from Violence. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into national policies for all children, including in the Strategy for Prevention and Protection of Children from Violence. @@ -18447,7 +18975,7 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Increase funding for human trafficking shelters, including for individuals with disabilities who are victims of human trafficking. - Expand existing programs to address the scope of thechild laborproblem, especially in street work and forced begging. + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially in street work and forced begging. @@ -18463,7 +18991,7 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Europe and Eurasia No No Advancement - Research found no evidence that child labor exists inMontserrat andin 2019. the governmentmadeno advancement in efforts toprevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not determined by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. In addition, the law does not prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities. + Research found no evidence that child labor exists in Montserrat and in 2019 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not determined by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. In addition, the law does not prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities. @@ -18541,16 +19069,16 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A - No + N/A No - No + N/A No @@ -18565,10 +19093,39 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities. @@ -18577,6 +19134,16 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate can assess penalties for child labor and that unannounced inspections are permitted. @@ -18600,7 +19167,7 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Middle East and North Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Morocco made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted Law 51.17, which reinforces compulsory education for children ages 4 to 16 and significantly increased the number of prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor, from 5 cases in 2018 to 170 cases in 2019. However, children in Morocco engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced domestic work. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture and producing artisanal handicrafts. Laws related to the minimum age for work and the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, research could not determine whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Furthermore, the scope of government programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + In 2019, Morocco made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted Law 51.17, which requires the government to enact compulsory education for children between the ages of 4 and 16 by 2025, and significantly increased the number of prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor, from 5 cases in 2018 to 170 cases in 2019. However, children in Morocco engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced domestic work. Children also engage in child labor in producing artisanal handicrafts. Laws related to the minimum age for work and the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, research could not determine whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Furthermore, the scope of government programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. @@ -18654,10 +19221,10 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Yes - Yes + No No - Yes + No Yes @@ -18666,10 +19233,10 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Yes - Yes + No No - Yes + No No @@ -18703,59 +19270,77 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient. - Unknown (23) - 317 (23) - No(23) - Yes (23) - Yes (23) - Yes (23) - 24,383† (23) - 24,383† (23) - 160 (23) - Unknown (23) - Unknown (23) - Yes (23) - Yes (23) - Yes (23) - Yes (23) - Yes (23) - No (23) - Yes (23) - N/A (23) - Yes (23) - Unknown (23) - Unknown (35) - 170 (23) - 176 (23) - Yes (23) + Unknown + 317 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 24,383† + 24,383† + 160 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 154 + Unknown + 170 + 176 + Yes + Unknown - Ensure that laws prohibit all children age 15 and underfrom being used, procured, or offered for the production and trafficking of illicit drugs. + Ensure that laws prohibit all children age 15 and under from being used, procured, or offered for the production and trafficking of illicit drugs. + + + Ensure that all children age 15 and under are protected by law, including children who are self-employed, work for artisan and handicraft businesses with fewer than five employees, or work on private farms or in residences. + + + Prohibit by law all types of hazardous work that may harm children’s health, safety, and morals, including domestic work. - Ensure that all children age 15 and underare protected by law, including children who are self-employed, work for artisan and handicraft businesses with fewer than five employees, or work on private farms or in residences. + Implement regulations related to the Law on Setting Up Employment Conditions of Domestic Workers, and ensure that inspectors are allowed to inspect all sectors in which children work. - Prohibit by law all types of hazardous work that may harm children’s health, safety, and morals. + Ensure the law provides criminal penalties for forced labor. - Implement regulations related to the Law on Setting Up Employment Conditions of Domestic Workers, and ensure thatinspectors are allowed to inspect all sectors in which children work. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the amount of labor inspectorate funding and whether penalties for child labor violations were imposed and collected. + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the amount of labor inspectorate funding. - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws related to child labor to meet the ILO's technical advice, and ensure that they have sufficient resources. + Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws related to child labor to meet the ILO's technical advice, and ensure that they have sufficient resources. Reduce administrative burdens and streamline child labor enforcement procedures among government agencies. - Publish information on criminal enforcement efforts, including thenumber of investigations conducted, violations found, and whether penalties were imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. + Publish information on criminal enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, and whether penalties were imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. Increase penalties for employers who use children in hazardous work to be an effective deterrent. @@ -18763,26 +19348,23 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - Ensure thatthere is a reciprocal referral mechanism between authorities and social service providers. - - Take measures to ensure children’s safety in schools; remove barriers to education, especially for children with disabilities orlanguage issues, children from rural areas, and migrant children; and increase birth registration rates. + Take measures to ensure children’s safety in schools; remove barriers to education, especially for children with disabilities or language issues, children from rural areas, and migrant children; and increase birth registration rates. Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, including in forced domestic work. - Collect and publish information including microdata from the 2017 survey,on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in agriculture, industry, and services. + Collect and publish information including microdata from the 2017 survey, on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in agriculture, industry, and services. - - - + Yes + Yes + Yes @@ -18791,11 +19373,7 @@ to address child labor in street workandforced begging is insufficient.Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Mozambique made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate -the worst forms of child labor. The government approved a new Penal Code, whichincludes prohibitions on childtrafficking for the purposes of prostitution, forced labor, and pornography.Numerous trafficking in persons trainings were also conducted throughout the country for border police officers, social service providers, judges, and investigators. In addition, Provincial and District National Reference Groups were trained on available referral mechanisms and social protection services for children and victims of human trafficking, and the draft National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons was finalized. Nearly 5,000awareness-raising events were also organized throughout all of Mozambique's 18 provinces onhuman trafficking,the worst forms of child labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. However, children in Mozambique engage in the -worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. Children also -perform dangerous tasks in the production of tobacco.AlthoughMozambique made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, the established minimum age for work is not in compliance with international labor standards because it does not extend to informal employment. In addition,a coordination mechanism to address child labor is lacking and existing programs -are insufficient to fully address theextent ofthe problem in Mozambique. + In 2019, Mozambique made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved an update to new Penal Code, which includes prohibitions on human trafficking, child prostitution, and the use of children in pornography. Numerous trafficking in persons trainings were conducted throughout the country for border police officers, social service providers, judges, and investigators. In addition, Provincial and District National Reference Groups were trained on available referral mechanisms and social protection services for children and victims of human trafficking, and the drafting of the National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons was finalized. Nearly 5,000awareness-raising events were also organized throughout all of Mozambique's 11 provinces on human trafficking, the worst forms of child labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. However, children in Mozambique engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of tobacco. Although Mozambique made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, the established minimum age for work is not in compliance with international labor standards because it does not extend to informal employment. In addition, a coordination mechanism to address child labor is lacking and existing programs are insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem in Mozambique. Tobacco @@ -18899,7 +19477,7 @@ are insufficient to fully address theextent ofthe problem in Mozambique. Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes @@ -18907,29 +19485,31 @@ are insufficient to fully address theextent ofthe problem in Mozambique. Unknown Unknown - Yes (19) - Yes (19) - Yes (19) - Yes (19) + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (19) + Yes Unknown - Yes (19) - Yes (19) - Yes (19) - Yes (19) - Yes (19) - Yes (19) - Yes (19) + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (19) + Yes + Unknown @@ -18937,21 +19517,21 @@ are insufficient to fully address theextent ofthe problem in Mozambique.Ensure that all children are protected under the law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships. - Ensure thatthe minimum age for light work is in compliance with international labor standards. + Ensure that the minimum age for light work is in compliance with international labor standards. - Publish data on labor law enforcement information, including the labor inspectorate’s funding, number of labor inspectors, number and type of labor inspections conducted, child labor violations found, and number of child labor penalties imposed and collected. + Publish data on labor law enforcement information, including the labor inspectorate’s funding, number of labor inspectors, number and type of labor inspections conducted, child labor violations found, and number of child labor penalties imposed and collected. - Allocate sufficient resources for law enforcement agencies, including by increasing the number of labor inspectors to provideadequate coverage of the workforce. + Allocate sufficient resources for law enforcement agencies, including by increasing the number of labor inspectors to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. - Provide labor inspectors withadequate training and financial resources to ensure their capacity to enforce child labor laws. + Provide labor inspectors with adequate training and financial resources to ensure their capacity to enforce child labor laws. - Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, such as thenumber of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured, and whether penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor were imposed. + Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, such as the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured, and whether penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor were imposed. @@ -18961,7 +19541,7 @@ are insufficient to fully address theextent ofthe problem in Mozambique. - Ensure that all plansfocused on efforts to prevent and eradicate child labor are active, including plans addressing child trafficking victims. + Ensure that all plans focused on efforts to prevent and eradicate child labor are active, including plans addressing child trafficking victims. @@ -18975,7 +19555,7 @@ are insufficient to fully address theextent ofthe problem in Mozambique.Institute programs to address child labor in domestic work, and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. - Ensure that the Basic Social Subsidy Programis active and fulfills its mandate. + Ensure that the Basic Social Subsidy Program is active and fulfills its mandate. @@ -18991,13 +19571,7 @@ are insufficient to fully address theextent ofthe problem in Mozambique.Sub-Saharan Africa No Significant Advancement - In 2019, Namibia made a -significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. -The government brought into force the Child Care and Protection Act,increasing protections for children from the worst forms of child labor, and adopted an updated National Agenda for Children, which aims to strengthen enforcement of laws related to child labor. The government also began implementing the Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act,which significantly strengthens penalties for trafficking crimes and provides mechanisms to increase the protection of child traffickingvictims.In addition, the government increasedthe number of criminal prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor,developed a national referral mechanism for responding to trafficking cases, and worked with NGOs to provide social and psychological support to child trafficking victims, including rehabilitation into schools.However, children in Namibia -engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual -exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in domestic work and street work. Hazardous work prohibitions for children in -the agricultural sector are not comprehensive. In addition, social programs do -not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. + In 2019, Namibia made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government brought into force the Child Care and Protection Act, increasing protections for children from the worst forms of child labor, and began implementing an updated National Agenda for Children, which aims to strengthen enforcement of laws related to child labor. The government also began implementing the Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act, which significantly strengthens penalties for trafficking crimes and provides mechanisms to increase the protection of child trafficking victims. In addition, the government increased the number of criminal prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor, developed a national referral mechanism for responding to trafficking cases, and worked with NGOs to provide social and psychological support to child trafficking victims, including rehabilitation into schools. However, children in Namibia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in domestic work and street work. Hazardous work prohibitions for children in the agricultural sector are not comprehensive. In addition, social programs do not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. @@ -19075,10 +19649,10 @@ not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -19094,47 +19668,49 @@ not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. Yes - 14‡ + 14 No Yes - $3,034,000 (20) - 51 (20) - Yes (20) - N/A (20) - Yes (20) - Yes(41) - 1,628 (20) - 1,628 (20) - 0 (20) - N/A (20) - N/A (20) - Yes (20) - Yes (20) - Yes (20) - Yes (20) - Yes (20) - Yes (20) - No (20) - No (20) - No (20) - 4 (20) - 4 (20) - 3 (20) - 0 (20) - Yes (20) + $3,034,000 + 51 + Yes + N/A + Yes + Yes + 1,628 + 1,628 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + No + 4 + 4 + 3 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Ensure thatthe hazardous work list extends to work in the agricultural sector, including work that involves dangerous equipment and tools, manual handling or transport of heavy loads, and potential exposure to hazardous agents. + Ensure the hazardous work list is comprehensive and gives special consideration to the activities included in ILO R. 190. - Ensure that allGender-Based Violence Protection Unitsare able to carry out their intended mandates. + Ensure that all Gender-Based Violence Protection Units are able to carry out their intended mandates. Reactivate joint child labor inspection teams to strengthen coordination between ministries that respond to cases of child labor. @@ -19142,10 +19718,10 @@ not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into key national policies, including the Strategic Plan of theMinistry of Gender Equality andChild Welfareand the National Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into key national policies, including the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare and the National Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence. - Ensureimplementation of all key policies, such as theDecent Country Work Program. + Ensure implementation of all key policies, such as the Decent Work Country Program. @@ -19159,21 +19735,21 @@ not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. Ensure that there are adequate shelters, including in areas outside of Windhoek, to meet the needs of vulnerable children. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by expanding social support toorphaned childrenand taking measures to reduce long travel distances to schools. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by expanding social support to orphaned children and taking measures to reduce long travel distances to schools. - Ensure that training is provided to criminal law enforcement investigatorson new laws related to child labor, including training for new investigators andrefresher trainings. + Ensure that training is provided to criminal law enforcement investigators on new laws related to child labor, including training for new investigators and refresher trainings. - Publish information on the number of complaints concerning child labor received through theMinistry of Labor, Industrial Relations and Employment Creation'sandthe Namibian Police Force'shotlines. + Increase personnel and resources for the labor inspectorate to ensure adequate enforcement of labor laws, including in remote areas. - Increase personnel and resources for the labor inspectorate to ensure adequate enforcement of labor laws, including in remote areas. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + Establish a mechanism to compile and publish comprehensive statistics related to labor/criminal law enforcement, including convictions for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. @@ -19189,15 +19765,7 @@ not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Nepal made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the -worst forms of child labor. The government published the Nepal Labor Force Survey Report, with data on child labor and forced labor. In addition,the government introduced a new education policy during the reporting year,providing free and compulsory education to all children.The police also created a new anti-trafficking bureau to assist in children victims' rescue and rehabilitation, as well ascoordination with the Department of Labor oncases of hazardous child labor. However, children in Nepal engage in -the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. -Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of bricks. The Department -of Labor’s budget, the number of labor inspectors, and available resources and -training are all insufficient for enforcing labor laws, including -those related to child labor. Furthermore, children age 17 are excluded from the -protections of the country’s hazardous work list, leaving them vulnerable to -the worst forms of child labor. + In 2019, Nepal made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published the Nepal Labor Force Survey Report, with data on child labor and forced labor. In addition, the government introduced a new education policy during the reporting year, providing free and compulsory education to all children. The police also created a new anti-trafficking bureau to assist in child victims' rescue and rehabilitation, as well as coordination with the Department of Labor on cases of hazardous child labor. However, children in Nepal engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of bricks. The Department of Labor’s budget, the number of labor inspectors, and available resources and training are all insufficient for enforcing labor laws, including those related to child labor. Furthermore, children age 17 are excluded from the protections of the country’s hazardous work list, leaving them vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Bricks @@ -19259,7 +19827,7 @@ the worst forms of child labor. Yes - 15 + 14 No Yes @@ -19300,10 +19868,10 @@ the worst forms of child labor. No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -19318,38 +19886,40 @@ the worst forms of child labor. No - No - 13‡ + Yes + 14 No - No + Yes - $3,100‡ (58) - 14‡ (58) - Yes (58) - Yes (58) - N/A (19) - No (58) - 1,258‡ (58) - Unknown (58) - Unknown (58) - Unknown (58) - Unknown (58) - Yes (58) - Yes (58) - Yes (58) - Yes (58) - Yes (58) - Yes (58) - Unknown (19) - N/A (19) - Unknown (19) - Unknown (19) - Unknown (19) - Unknown (19) - Unknown (19) - Yes (19) + $3,100‡ + 14‡ + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + 1,258‡ + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -19360,36 +19930,38 @@ the worst forms of child labor. Ensure that laws are in line with ILO C. 182 by raising the minimum age to age18 for entry into hazardous work. - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectorsin whichthere is evidence of child labor, including brickmaking. + Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which there is evidence of child labor, including brickmaking. Ensure that the legal framework comprehensively and criminally prohibits the trafficking of children in accordance with international standards. - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children up to age17 in the production and trafficking of drugs. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children up to age18 in the production of drugs. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work. + N/A - + Provide additional resources to criminal law enforcement agencies so they are able to enforce laws prohibiting crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - Strengthen the labor inspectorate, particularly at the local levels,by initiating routine targeted inspections rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received. + Strengthen the labor inspectorate, particularly at the local levels, by initiating routine targeted inspections rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received. - Ensure the Department of Labor’s budgetis sufficient toadequately enforce child labor laws. + Ensure the Department of Labor’s budget is sufficient to adequately enforce child labor laws. Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Publishdata on labor law enforcement actions, including the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, the number of imposed penalties for child labor violations, and the number of imposed penalties that were collected, and criminal law enforcement actions, including the number of violations, prosecutions, convictions, and the number of penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + Publish data on labor law enforcement actions, including the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, the number of child labor violations found, the number of imposed penalties for child labor violations, and the number of imposed penalties that were collected, and criminal law enforcement actions, including whether new criminal investigators received initial training, refresher courses for investigators, and the number of violations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Increase penalties to ensure sufficient deterrence of child labor law violations. @@ -19398,7 +19970,7 @@ the worst forms of child labor. Improve human resource capacity, including increasing the number of child labor inspections, especially in the informal sector. - Provide sufficient resources to create a centralized databaseto track and monitor cases of the worst forms of child labor, disaggregated by type of activity. + Provide sufficient resources to create a centralized database to track and monitor cases of the worst forms of child labor, disaggregated by type of activity. Ensure that legal provisions against child labor are implemented and enforced against perpetrators. @@ -19412,7 +19984,7 @@ the worst forms of child labor. Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as forced labor of children, and use of children in illicit activities. - Update the National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Childrento better address forced labor andalign it with anti-trafficking programming. + Update the National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children to better address forced labor and align it with anti-trafficking programming. @@ -19429,7 +20001,7 @@ the worst forms of child labor. Conduct research to determine the types of activities carried out by children, including in construction sector, to inform social policies and programs. - Ensure that refugees have access to education. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children with disabilities and refugee children. @@ -19445,13 +20017,7 @@ the worst forms of child labor. Latin America and the Caribbean No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Nicaragua -made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government signed 6,129 cooperative agreements with employers to prevent the hiring of minors and released some information related to its labor law enforcement efforts. However, children in -Nicaragua engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial -sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also -perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Laws do not establish a clear compulsoryeducation age and national policies to eliminate child -labor and protect children have not been fully implemented. The government also lacks a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address -child labor andthe government reallocated resources away from activities such as preventing child labor and enforcing related laws. + In 2019, Nicaragua made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government signed 6,129 cooperative agreements with employers to prevent the hiring of minors and released some information related to its labor law enforcement efforts. However, children in Nicaragua engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Laws do not establish a clear compulsory education age and national policies to eliminate child labor and protect children have not been fully implemented. The government also lacks a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor and the government reallocated resources away from activities such as preventing child labor and enforcing related laws. Gold @@ -19575,10 +20141,10 @@ child labor andthe government reallocated resources away from activities such as Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -19594,37 +20160,39 @@ child labor andthe government reallocated resources away from activities such as No - 12‡ + 12 No No - $1,200,000 (20) - 97 (20) - Yes (20) - Yes (20) + $1,200,000 + 97 + Yes + Yes N/A - Unknown(20) - 13,529 (20) - Unknown (20) - 272 (20) - Unknown (20) - Unknown (20) - Yes (20) - Yes (20) - Yes (20) - Unknown (20) - Yes (20) - Yes(20) - Yes (20) + Unknown + 13,529 + Unknown + 272 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Yes N/A - Unknown (20) - 2 (20) - 2 (20) - 6 (20) - Unknown (20) - Yes (20) + Unknown + 2 + 2 + 6 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -19634,40 +20202,43 @@ child labor andthe government reallocated resources away from activities such as - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - Publish complete labor law enforcement data, including informationabout worksiteinspections, number of child labor violations,and penalties imposed for violations. + Publish complete labor law enforcement data, including information about worksite inspections, unannounced inspections, number of child labor violations, and penalties imposed for violations. - Publish complete criminal law enforcement datarelated to the worst forms of child labor, including number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, and convictions. + Publish complete criminal law enforcement data related to the worst forms of child labor, including number of penalties and convictions. - Ensure that criminal law enforcement efforts aresufficient to address the scope of the problem and that agencies have thefunding and resources necessary to carry out duties. + Ensure that criminal law enforcement efforts are sufficient to address the scope of the problem and that agencies have the funding and resources necessary to carry out duties. - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor hassufficient funding to fully enforce child labor laws and ensure that personnel and resource needs are met. + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor has sufficient funding to fully enforce child labor laws and ensure that personnel and resource needs are met. Establish an adequate mechanism for identifying human trafficking victims among high-risk populations. + + Ensure adequate training and refresher courses are provided for labor law inspectors and criminal investigators. + - Increase collaboration and resources ofthe National Social Welfare Systemministries to ensure that the government has a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor, including with NGOs, and publicly report on their efforts. + Increase collaboration and resources of the National Social Welfare System ministries to ensure that the government has a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor, including with NGOs, and publicly report on their efforts. - Ensure that theNational Coalition Against Trafficking of Personsworks with relevant local stakeholders to address human trafficking issues, and ensure that it establishes its Executive Secretariat, as mandated by the Law Against Trafficking in Persons. + Ensure that the National Coalition Against Trafficking of Persons works with relevant local stakeholders to address human trafficking issues, and ensure that it establishes its Executive Secretariat, as mandated by the Law Against Trafficking in Persons. - Take steps to implement the Roadmap to make Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic a Child Labor Free Zone,and the National Action Plan for the Prevention and Response to Trafficking in Persons, and publish information about these efforts. + Take steps to implement the Roadmap to make Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic a Child Labor Free Zone, the National Action Plan for the Prevention and Response to Trafficking in Persons, and the Good Government Plan, and publish information about these efforts. - Expand birth registration programs, particularly in remote areas, to ensure that children have access to basic services. + Expand birth registration programs to ensure that children have access to basic services. Remove barriers to education for all children and develop strategies and devote resources to improve attendance of children in secondary school. @@ -19682,7 +20253,7 @@ child labor andthe government reallocated resources away from activities such as Collect and publish updated data on the prevalence of child labor in the country. - Ensure thatsocial programs are adequately funded and implemented and report on their yearly efforts. + Ensure that social programs are adequately funded and implemented and report on their yearly efforts. @@ -19698,11 +20269,7 @@ child labor andthe government reallocated resources away from activities such as Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Niger made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Presidentsigned legislation establishing Child Protection Committees in each commune to educate the public on the rights of children and child labor issues. The government also opened the first shelter for victims of human trafficking, which can accommodate children.In addition,the national police detained 242 suspected traffickers, dismantling27 national and 29 international routes for human trafficking and illicit migration. However, children in Niger engage in the worst forms of -child labor, including in hereditary slavery and mining. Children also perform -dangerous tasks in agriculture.Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areasduring the reporting period,the minimum age for work does not meet international standards as it does not apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. Gaps in labor law enforcement also remain, including insufficient funding for labor inspectors to conduct inspections. -In addition, social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to -adequately address the extent of the problem. + In 2019, Niger made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The President signed legislation establishing Child Protection Committees in each commune to educate the public on the rights of children and child labor issues. The government also opened the first shelter for victims of human trafficking, which can accommodate children. In addition, the national police detained 242 individuals suspected of human trafficking, dismantling27 national and 29 international routes for human trafficking and illicit migration. However, children in Niger engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and mining. Children also perform dangerous tasks in cattle herding. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, the minimum age for work does not meet international standards as it does not apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. Gaps in labor law enforcement also remain, including insufficient funding for labor inspectors to conduct inspections. In addition, social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. Gold @@ -19811,10 +20378,10 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -19836,31 +20403,33 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. - $20,000 (5) - 51 (5) - Yes (46) - Yes (5) - N/A (5) - Yes (5) - 487 (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown(5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - No (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - N/A (5) - Yes (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Yes (5) + $20,000 + 51 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 487 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -19868,7 +20437,7 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. Establish a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age of employment. - Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions and protections apply to self-employed children and those in unpaid or non-contractual work. + Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions and protections apply to self-employed children and those in unpaid or non-contractual work. @@ -19878,18 +20447,18 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. - Adopt and implementa national action plan to combat child labor, including in hereditary slavery, mining, and agriculture. + Adopt and implement a national action plan to combat child labor, including in hereditary slavery, mining, and agriculture. - Ensure that the policies to combat the worst forms of child labor are implemented. + Ensure that the policies to combat the worst forms of child labor are implemented. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls, refugees, internally displaced children, and children in rural communities, by increasing school infrastructure, teacher availability, and school supplies. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls, refugees, internally displaced children, and children in rural communities, by increasing school infrastructure, teacher availability, and school supplies. - Expand the scope of programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, herding, mining, andcaste-based servitude. + Expand the scope of programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, herding, mining, and caste-based servitude. Implement a program to target and assist children exploited by religious instructors. @@ -19900,7 +20469,7 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. - Increase the resources and number of labor inspectorsand criminal investigators responsible for enforcing labor laws to provide adequate coverage of the workforce and meet the ILO's technical advice. + Increase the resources and number of labor inspectors and criminal investigators responsible for enforcing labor laws to provide adequate coverage of the workforce and meet the ILO's technical advice. Ensure that inspections and enforcement efforts take place in the remote locations, in which most child labor occurs. @@ -19909,13 +20478,13 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. Ensure victims of the worst forms of child labor are removed from exploitative situations as appropriate. - Publish complete information onthe number of worksite inspections conducted,violations found, penalties imposed and collected, investigations, prosecutions, and convictionsrelated to the worst forms ofchildlabor. + Publish complete information on the number of worksite inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected, investigations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. Disaggregate complaints made to the National Agency to Fight Against Trafficking in Persons and Illegal Migrant Transport's hotline by number of complaints involving children. - Ensure the Nigerien Supreme Court'sruling banning thepractice of wahaya is enforced. + Ensure the Nigerien Supreme Court's ruling banning the practice of wahaya is enforced. @@ -19931,10 +20500,7 @@ adequately address the extent of the problem. Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In -2019, Nigeria made aminimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor. The government launched two new state-level task forces to combat human trafficking in Delta and Ondo states. However, children in Nigeria engage -in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal mining, commercial sexual exploitation, and armed conflict, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The Child's Right Act has only been adopted by 25 out of Nigeria's 36 states, leaving the remaining 11 states in northern Nigeria with legal statutes that do not meet international standards for the prohibition of child trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, and illicit activities. In addition, theminimum age for workin the Labour Act does not apply to childrenwho are self-employed or working in the informal economy,which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum agefor work.Furthermore, the number of labor inspectors does not meet the ILO's technical advice for the size of Nigeria's workforce, and social programs do not address all relevant sectors. + In 2019, Nigeria made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched four new state-level task forces to combat human trafficking in Ekiti, Delta, Borno, and Ondo states. However, children in Nigeria engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal mining, commercial sexual exploitation, and armed conflict, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The Child's Right Act has only been adopted by 25 out of Nigeria's 36 states, leaving the remaining 11 states in northern Nigeria with legal statutes that do not meet international standards for the prohibition of child trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, and illicit activities. In addition, the minimum age for work in the Labour Act does not apply to children who are self-employed or working in the informal economy. Furthermore, the number of labor inspectors does not meet the ILO's technical advice for the size of Nigeria's workforce, and social programs do not address all relevant sectors. Gold @@ -20049,10 +20615,10 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -20074,36 +20640,38 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min - $475,600(57) - 1,415(57) - Yes(57) - Yes(57) - N/A(57) - Yes (57) - 15,643(57) - 15,643 (57) - 3,937(57) - 147(57) - 147(57) - Yes(57) - Yes(57) - Yes(57) - Yes(57) - Yes(57) - Yes(57) + $475,600 + 1,415 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 15,643 + 15,643 + 3,937 + 147 + 147 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No Unknown N/A Unknown - 467(57) - 3,937 (57) - 285(57) - 5(57) - Yes(57) + 467 + 3937 + 285 + 5 + Yes + Yes - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory; ensure that national legislation on theminimum age for work is consistent and that all children are protected. + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory and ensure that national legislation on the minimum age for work is consistent so that all children are protected. Ensure that the types of work determined to be hazardous for children are prohibited by law or regulation for all children under age 18. @@ -20121,10 +20689,10 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Ensure that provisions related to light work conform to international standards. - Ensure thatlaws criminalize both domestic and international trafficking or trafficking for the purpose of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation in all states. + Ensure that laws criminalize both domestic and international trafficking or trafficking for the purpose of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation in all states. - Criminalize theoffering of a child for prostitution in all states. + Criminalize the offering of a child for prostitution in all states. @@ -20150,6 +20718,9 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children and forced child labor in granite, gravel, and cocoa production. + + Ensure all actions plans are active and being implemented according to their mandate. + @@ -20162,7 +20733,7 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Establish programs that prevent and remove children from all relevant worst forms of child labor, including armed conflict, commercial sexual exploitation, and illicit activities. - Ensure thatshelters run by the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and Other Related Mattersprovide appropriate facilities, resources, and freedoms to victims. + Ensure that shelters run by the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and Other Related Matters provide appropriate facilities, resources, and freedoms to victims. @@ -20178,7 +20749,7 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Asia and the Pacific No Advancement - Research found no evidence that child labor exists in Niue, and in 2019, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor.The governmenthas not establishedadequatelegal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, Niue has not established a minimum age for work and lacks a law that prohibits hazardous occupations and activities for children. + Research found no evidence that child labor exists in Niue, and in 2019, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, Niue has not established a minimum age for work and lacks a law that prohibits hazardous occupations and activities for children. No @@ -20238,10 +20809,10 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min No - N/A*† + N/A No - N/A*† + N/A Yes @@ -20262,15 +20833,54 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Publish activities undertaken by the National Coordinating Committee. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + - Publish activities undertaken to implementthe United Nations Pacific Strategy. + Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy. @@ -20278,19 +20888,19 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 15 that equals the compulsory age of education. - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit thetrafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require the use of force, fraud, or coercion to be established for the crime of trafficking. + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the trafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require the use of force, fraud, or coercion to be established for the crime of trafficking. Ensure that laws criminally prohibit forced labor, including debt bondage, the sale and trafficking of children, and slavery. - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children inillicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. @@ -20309,7 +20919,7 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Asia and the Pacific Moderate Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists on Norfolk Island, in 2019 the government made a moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Australia enacted the Modern Slavery Act, which applies to Norfolk Island, and took steps to begin consultations on a revised National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery.AlthoughNorfolk Islandmade meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, its legal framework does not have a minimum age for work for children. In addition, laws related to child trafficking do not meet international standards because the recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation are not prohibited. + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists on Norfolk Island, in 2019 the government made a moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Australia enacted the Modern Slavery Act, which applies to Norfolk Island, and took steps to begin consultations on a revised National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery. Although Norfolk Island made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, its legal framework does not have a minimum age for work for children. In addition, laws related to child trafficking do not meet international standards because the recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation are not prohibited. No @@ -20369,10 +20979,10 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -20393,24 +21003,73 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Ensure that the minimum age for work is in compliance with international standards, including by ensuring that it is not lower than the compulsory age for education. - Establish laws to prohibit children under age 18 from engaging in hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Establish laws to prohibit children under age 18 from engaging in hazardous work and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Ensure that the law prohibits using, offering, and procuring a child under age 18 for commercial sexual exploitation, including prostitution. - Ensure that laws related to illicit activities criminalize the use of children,includingin the production of drugs. + Ensure that laws related to illicit activities criminalize the use of children, including in the production of drugs. Ensure that child trafficking, including the recruitment, harboring, transfer, and receipt of children for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation, is clearly criminalized both domestically and internationally. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + NA @@ -20468,11 +21127,11 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min North Macedonia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/north-macedonia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/macedonia Europe and Eurasia No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, North Macedonia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The parliament adopted changes to the existing Labor Law, which provided additional protections for children under the age of 15, and those who have not completed compulsory education. In addition,the Ministry of Education and Science implemented a new law that requires thehiringof educational mediators with the goal of removing barriers to education for the most vulnerable populations, includingRoma children.The government also increasedthe enrollment of children from vulnerable groups in primary school by accommodating first time and returnee students, and providing scholarships to vulnerable children. However, children in North Macedonia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside formal employment relationships. Local police entities have also demonstrated a lack of knowledge on handling cases pertaining to trafficking in persons. Moreover, the government hasnot adopted a policyto address all worst forms of child labor, with the exception of child trafficking. + In 2019, North Macedonia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The parliament adopted changes to the existing Labor Law, which provided additional protections for children under the age of 15, and those who have not completed compulsory education. In addition, the Ministry of Education and Science implemented a new law that requires the hiring of educational mediators with the goal of removing barriers to education for the most vulnerable populations, including Roma children. The government also increased the enrollment of children from vulnerable groups in primary school by accommodating first time and returnee students, and providing scholarships to vulnerable children. However, children in North Macedonia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside formal employment relationships. Local police entities have also demonstrated a lack of knowledge on handling cases pertaining to trafficking in persons. Moreover, the government has not adopted a policy to address all worst forms of child labor, with the exception of child trafficking. @@ -20550,10 +21209,10 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -20575,31 +21234,33 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min - $1,900,000(8) - 78(8) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) - No(8) - Yes(8) - 11,749(8) - 11,749(8) - 1(8) - 0(8) - 0(8) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) - Yes(8) + $1,900,000 + 78 + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 11,749 + 11,749 + 1 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes Unknown - 4(8) - 4(8) + 4 + 4 Unknown - Yes(8) + Yes + Unknown @@ -20612,10 +21273,10 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min - Conduct specific training on child labor for labor inspectors. + Conduct training on new child labor laws for labor inspectors. - Ensure that local police receive propertraining on handlingcases related to trafficking in persons. + Ensure that local police receive proper training on handling cases related to trafficking in persons. Ensure that labor inspections are conducted equally throughout the country to promote compliance with child labor laws in all geographical regions through a specific strategy. @@ -20627,10 +21288,10 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Ensure that law enforcement agencies proactively identify child trafficking victims, and that border agents coordinate to properly identify victims of human trafficking. - Provide sufficient funding forthe National Unit for the Suppression of Migrant Smuggling and Human Traffickingto carry out its duties to combat human trafficking. + Provide sufficient funding for the National Unit for the Suppression of Migrant Smuggling and Human Trafficking to carry out its duties to combat human trafficking. - Ensure that the State Labor Inspectorate assesses adequate penalties for discoveredchild labor violations. + Ensure that the State Labor Inspectorate assesses adequate penalties for discovered child labor violations. @@ -20641,20 +21302,20 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Reduce barriers to education by increasing the number of teachers who can provide education in the Romani language, and make additional efforts to register Roma children at birth. - Increase funding dedicated to combating child labor, and ensure that child beggars are taken off the streets permanently. + Increase funding dedicated to combating child labor, and ensure that child beggars receive the support needed to be removed from the streets permanently. - Adopta policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national action plan on child labor. + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national action plan on child labor. - Ensure that the National Strategy for theFight Against Poverty and Social Exclusion is implemented. + Ensure that the National Strategy for the Fight Against Poverty and Social Exclusion is implemented. - Build the capacity of local commissions toadequately combat human trafficking. + Build the capacity of local commissions to adequately combat human trafficking. @@ -20670,7 +21331,7 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Middle East and North Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Oman made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Social Development issued regulations for determining whether a child is employed in a family business andfor the medical examinations that a business must complete before employing a child. In addition, the National Committee for Combating Human Trafficking conducted two multi-day training programs on human trafficking for government officials and the Ministry of Manpower released a video in Arabic and English that clarified the rights and responsibilities of migrant workers. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Oman engage in child labor, including in fishing and selling items in kiosks. Government policies do not address all forms of child labor and the Ministry of Manpower is not represented on the National Committee on Implementing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. In addition, the government did not provide information on the amount of the labor inspectorate’s funding, the number of inspectors, or training for inclusion in this report. + In 2019, Oman made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Social Development issued regulations for determining whether a child is employed in a family business and for the medical examinations that a business must complete before employing a child. In addition, the National Committee for Combating Human Trafficking conducted two multi-day training programs on human trafficking for government officials and the Ministry of Manpower released a video in Arabic and English that clarified the rights and responsibilities of migrant workers. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Oman engage in child labor, including in fishing and selling items in kiosks. Government policies do not address all forms of child labor and the Ministry of Manpower is not represented on the National Committee on Implementing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. In addition, the government did not provide information on the amount of the labor inspectorate’s funding, the number of inspectors, or training for inclusion in this report. @@ -20748,10 +21409,10 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -20767,37 +21428,39 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Yes - 16‡ + 16 No Yes - Unknown(3) - Unknown(3) - No(3) - Unknown(3) - Unknown(3) - Unknown(3) - 5,629(22) - Unknown(3) - 0(3) + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + 5,629 + Unknown + 0 N/A N/A - Yes(3) - Unknown(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes N/A - Unknown(3) - 0(3) - 0(3) - 0(3) - 0(3) - Yes(3) + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + N/A @@ -20819,6 +21482,11 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min Ensure that the National Committee on Implementing the UN CRC is able to carry out its intended mandate, and that the Ministry of Manpower participates in the Committee. + + + N/A + + Develop a national policy to address all forms of child labor. @@ -20844,36 +21512,8 @@ in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal min https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/pakistan Asia and the Pacific Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Policy and Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Pakistan made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.Punjab Province -adopted the Punjab Domestic Workers Act of 2019, whichprohibits children -under age 15 from working in any domestic service capacity.In -addition, the Islamabad Capital Territory established its Child Protection -Advisory Board, and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan provincial labor departments -earmarked specific funds from their budgets to conduct child labor surveys. The -Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa also established a dedicated child labor -unit.However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Pakistan is -receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it implemented a -regression in policy and practice that delayed advancement to eliminate child -labor.In September 2019, Punjab Province—home to 50 percent of the -Pakistani population andtwo-thirds of the country’s textile factories, which -employ 40 percent of the Punjab labor force—instituted a moratorium on all -labor inspectionsin factories. This increases the likelihood that child -labor violations willremainundetected and unaddressedand -allows perpetrators to operate with impunity. Children in Pakistan engage in -the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, -particularly in religious schools, places of employment,and on the -streets. Childrenalso engage inforced domestic work and in bonded -labor in brick kilns and agriculture.The federal governmentand -Balochistan Province have not established a minimum age for work or hazardous -work in compliance with international standards. In addition, provincial labor -inspectorates do not receive sufficient resources toadequately enforce -laws prohibiting child labor, and the federal and provincial governments failed -to publishdataon their efforts to enforce criminal or labor laws -related to child labor. Further, police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to -ignorechild labor crimes and lack of willingness to conduct -investigations,hindered Pakistan's ability toaddress the problem -throughout the country. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Policy and Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Pakistan made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Punjab Province adopted the Punjab Domestic Workers Act of 2019, which prohibits children under age 15 from working in any domestic service capacity. In addition, the Islamabad Capital Territory established its Child Protection Advisory Board, and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan provincial labor departments earmarked specific funds from their budgets to conduct child labor surveys. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province also established a dedicated child labor unit. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Pakistan is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it implemented a regression in policy and practice that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. In September 2019, Punjab Province—home to more than 50 percent of the Pakistani population and two-thirds of the country’s textile factories, which employ 40 percent of the Punjab labor force—instituted a moratorium on all labor inspections in factories. This moratorium increases the likelihood that child labor violations will remain undetected and unaddressed and allows perpetrators to operate with impunity. Children in Pakistan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in forced labor in brick kilns and agriculture. The federal government and Balochistan Province have not established a minimum age for work or hazardous work in compliance with international standards. In addition, provincial labor inspectorates do not receive sufficient resources to adequately enforce laws prohibiting child labor, and the federal and provincial governments failed to publish data on their efforts to enforce criminal or labor laws related to child labor. Further, police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore child labor crimes and lack of willingness to conduct investigations, hindered Pakistan's ability to address the problem throughout the country. Coal @@ -21226,10 +21866,10 @@ throughout the country. Federal Federal - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A @@ -21308,95 +21948,95 @@ throughout the country. All Territories All Territories - Unknown (3) + Unknown Sindh Sindh - 120 (3) + 120 National Total National Total - Unknown (3) + Unknown Punjab Punjab - 80 (3) + 80 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown (3) + Unknown Balochistan Balochistan - Unknown (3) + Unknown Punjab Punjab - No (3) + No Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No (3) + No Balochistan Balochistan - No (3) + No Sindh Sindh - No (3) + No National National - Unknown(3) + Unknown Punjab Punjab - Yes (3) + Yes Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No (3) + No Balochistan Balochistan - No (3) + No Sindh Sindh - Yes (3) + Yes National National - Yes (3) + Yes Punjab Punjab - Yes (3) + Yes Khyber Pakhtunkhwa @@ -21408,7 +22048,7 @@ throughout the country. National National - Yes (3) + Yes Punjab @@ -21425,117 +22065,117 @@ throughout the country. National Total National Total - Unknown (3) + Unknown Punjab Punjab - Unknown (3) + Unknown Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown (3) + Unknown Sindh Sindh - Unknown (3) + Unknown Balochistan Balochistan - Unknown (3) + Unknown Punjab Punjab - Unknown (3) + Unknown Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown (3) + Unknown National Total National Total - Unknown (3) + Unknown Punjab Punjab - 1,125 (3) + 1,125 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown (3) + Unknown Sindh Sindh - Unknown (3) + Unknown National Total National Total - Unknown (3) + Unknown Punjab Punjab - Unknown (3) + Unknown Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown (3) + Unknown Punjab Punjab - Unknown (3) + Unknown Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown (3) + Unknown Punjab Punjab - Yes* (3) + Yes* Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes (3) + Yes Federal Federal - Yes (3) + Yes Balochistan Balochistan - Yes (3) + Yes Sindh Sindh - Yes (3) + Yes @@ -21554,27 +22194,27 @@ throughout the country. Punjab Punjab - Yes* (106) + Yes* Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes (105) + Yes Sindh Sindh - Yes (107) + Yes Federal Federal - Yes (104) + Yes Balochistan Balochistan - Yes (3) + Yes @@ -21598,92 +22238,106 @@ throughout the country. Punjab Punjab - Yes (3) + Yes Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes (3) + Yes Balochistan Balochistan - Yes (3) + Yes Sindh Sindh - Yes (3) + Yes Punjab Punjab - No (3) + No Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No (3) + No + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unknown + + All Territories All Territories - Yes(3) + Yes All Territories All Territories - Unknown (3) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (3) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (3) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (3) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (3) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - Unknown (3) + Unknown All Territories All Territories - No (3) + No + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unknown + + @@ -21697,7 +22351,7 @@ throughout the country. Create comprehensive prohibitions against additional specific hazardous activities, such as brickmaking and domestic work. - Ensure that the federal government’s and Sindh Province’s minimum age laws extend to all sectors and informal employment, regardless of the number of employees. + Ensure that the federal government’s and Sindh Province’s minimum age laws extend to all sectors and informal employment, regardless of the number of employees. Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. @@ -21708,34 +22362,25 @@ throughout the country. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment and use of children under age 18 by non-state groups for armed conflict. - - Establish a minimum age of 18 for hazardous work inPakistan and Balochistan Province. - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - Ensure the Senate approves the Islamabad Capital Territory Prohibition of Employment of Children Act that was passed in 2018. - - - Strengthen the law to ensure victims accusing clerics of commercial sexual exploitation of children are not retaliated against and charged with blasphemy. + Ensure the ICT Senate approves laws which prohibit the employment of children age 14 and younger in any establishment; prohibits the employment of children ages 15 to 18 in hazardous work; and establishes a list of hazardous work prohibited for children. - Establish a provincial and federalminimum age of 18 for those working in mines. - - - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations in Balochistan Province. + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations to establish a provincial and federal minimum age of 18 for those working in mines, including a minimum age of 18 for hazardous work in Pakistan and Balochistan Province. - Publish enforcement data for child labor law violations, penalties imposed, and penalties collected for all provinces. In addition, publish information about labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number of labor inspections conducted at the worksite, whether routine inspections were targeted,andwhether unannounced inspections were conducted for all provinces. + Publish enforcement data for child labor law violations, penalties imposed, and penalties collected for all provinces. In addition, publish information about labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number of labor inspections conducted at the worksite, whether routine inspections were targeted, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted for all provinces. Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Provide the funding necessary to adequately hire, train, equip, and cover the cost of transportation forinspectors to enforce child labor laws, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and Sindh provinces. + Provide the funding necessary to adequately hire, train, equip, and cover the cost of transportation for inspectors to enforce child labor laws, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and Sindh provinces. Establish a referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services in all provinces. @@ -21747,10 +22392,10 @@ throughout the country. Ensure that fines and penalties are sufficient to deter employers from violating child labor laws. - Publish information about criminal law investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions, as well as initial training, training on the worst forms of child labor, refresher courses, and penalties imposed and collectedin all provinces. + Publish information about criminal law investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions, as well as initial training, training on the worst forms of child labor, refresher courses, and penalties imposed and collected in all provinces. - Ensure that District Vigilance Committees that seek to ensure enforcement and implementation of bonded labor prohibitions are established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochristan Provinces. + Ensure that District Vigilance Committees that seek to ensure enforcement and implementation of bonded labor prohibitions are established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan Provinces. Establish a referral mechanism between criminal law enforcement agencies and social services in all provinces. @@ -21761,34 +22406,25 @@ throughout the country. Reinstate and conduct labor inspections in factories in Punjab Province. - - Ensure labor and criminalinspectors receive sufficient training that covers child labor issues and laws, including child trafficking and commercialsexual exploitation. - Ensure there are a sufficient number of inspectors trained and responsible for providing enforcement of child labor laws to meet international standards in Punjab Province. - Ensure all allegations of childcommercial sexual exploitationare thoroughly investigated and suspected perpetrators are arrested and, where appropriate,prosecuted, including clerics at madrassas. + Ensure all allegations of sexual abuse, including allegations of bacha bazi and trafficking of boys into Afghanistan, are thoroughly investigated and, where appropriate, prosecuted. Ensure labor inspectors are permitted to conduct unannounced inspections in Sindh Province without harassment, as mandated by Sindh's labor code. - - Ensure police are provided sufficient training on addressing commercial sexual exploitation of children, including on providing protection for victims and their families and strategies for working with child victims in a victim-centered way. - - - Ensure all allegations of bacha bazi and trafficking of boys into Afghanistan are thoroughly investigated and, where appropriate, prosecuted. - - Publish information on the activities undertaken bythe Provincial and Federal Tripartite Consultative Committees. + Publish information on the activities undertaken by the Provincial and Federal Tripartite Consultative Committees. Establish a National Commission on the Rights of the Child Act, as mandated by federal law. - Publish information on whether the Punjab Provincial Child Labor Unit was active during the reporting period and the activities undertaken to coordinate interventions against child labor. + Establish the remaining 32 CPUs in Balochistan as required by law. @@ -21796,7 +22432,7 @@ throughout the country. Complete and publish child labor surveys at the federal and provincial levels. - Implement programs to address high rates of teacher absenteeism, inadequate facilities, lack of transportation, and use of corporal punishment to ensure that all children have access to free and compulsory education, as required by law. Increase security for schools to protect children andteachers from attacks by non-state armed and extremist groups. + Implement programs to address high rates of teacher absenteeism, inadequate facilities, lack of transportation, and use of corporal punishment to ensure that all children have access to free and compulsory education, as required by law. Increase security for schools to protect children and teachers from attacks by non-state armed and extremist groups. Improve existing programs and increase the size and scope of government programs to reach children working in the informal sector and in the worst forms of child labor, including domestic workers, bonded child laborers, and other victims of human trafficking. @@ -21805,13 +22441,10 @@ throughout the country. Implement programs to raise awareness of and provide assistance to children used by non-state militant groups to engage in armed conflict. - Implement programs to address and eliminate the commercial sexual exploitation of children, especiallyin madrassas, workplaces, and on the street. + Implement programs to address and eliminate the sexual abuse of children, especially in madrassas, workplaces, and on the street. - Publish information on the activities undertaken to implement the Elimination of Child Labor and Bonded Labor Project during the reporting period. - - - Publish information on activities undertaken during the reporting periodto implement the ILO-funded programsSustaining Strengthened National Capacities to Improve ILS Compliance and Reporting in Relevant EU Trading Partners (2018–2020)and The Clear Cotton Project (2018–2022). + Publish information on activities undertaken during the reporting period to implement the ILO-funded programs Sustaining Strengthened National Capacities to Improve ILS Compliance and Reporting in Relevant EU Trading Partners (2018–2020)and The Clear Cotton Project (2018–2022). Publish information on activities undertaken by Sabaoon Rehabilitation Center during the reporting period. @@ -21822,10 +22455,7 @@ throughout the country. Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in the education policies of the provincial governments. - Publish information on activities undertaken to implement the Punjab Labor Policy during the reporting period. - - - Ensure inspectors are provided with sufficient resources and are not stymied fromexecuting Sindh Province's Labor Policy by factory owners. + Ensure inspectors are provided with sufficient resources and are not stymied from executing Sindh Province's Labor Policy by factory owners. @@ -21841,7 +22471,7 @@ throughout the country. Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Panama made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government implemented the Districts Free of Child Labor initiative through anti-child labor agreements with six municipalities. The government also made improvements to the Child Labor Monitoring System to streamline responses to cases of child labor from different agencies, and continued to expand labor inspector trainings and unannounced inspections. In addition, the Ministry of Labor implemented the Direct Government Action Program for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor, which includes a new national survey on child labor. However, children in Panama engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Panamanian law allows minors under age 16 to engage in hazardous work within training facilities in violation of international standards. Moreover, the Ministry of Labor lacks the authority to collect fines for labor violations, limiting its capacity to enforce laws on the worst forms of child labor. + In 2019, Panama made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government implemented the Districts Free of Child Labor initiative through anti-child labor agreements with six municipalities. The government also made improvements to the Child Labor Monitoring System to streamline responses to cases of child labor from different agencies, and continued to expand labor inspector trainings and unannounced inspections. In addition, the Ministry of Labor implemented the Direct Government Action Program for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor, which includes a new national survey on child labor. However, children in Panama engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Panamanian law allows minors under age 16 to engage in hazardous work within training facilities in violation of international standards. Moreover, the Ministry of Labor lacks the authority to collect fines for labor violations, limiting its capacity to enforce laws on the worst forms of child labor. Coffee @@ -21935,16 +22565,16 @@ throughout the country. Yes - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A Yes @@ -21960,58 +22590,60 @@ throughout the country. - $1,313,417 (25) - 100 (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - 945 (25) - 945 (25) - 10 (25) - 10 (25) - Unknown (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Yes (25) - Unknown (25) - Unknown (42) - Unknown (42) - Unknown (42) - Unknown (42) - Unknown (42) - Unknown (42) - Unknown (42) - Unknown (42) + $1,313,417 + 100 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 945 + 945 + 10 + 10 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Establish regulations that define the number of hours and types of activities that children between ages 12 and 14 can undertake as light work, to ensure that they are not exposed to hazardous labor. + Establish regulations that define the types of activities that children between ages 12 and 14 can undertake as light work. - Raise the working age to conform with the compulsory education age. + Raise the working age from 14 to 15,the compulsory education age, to comply with international standards. - Ensure that the law protects children from hazardous work by establishing a minimum age of 18 for all children or by ensuring that children receive adequate training in the type of work being done and that the health, safety, and morals ofchildren are protected in accordance with international standards if children age 16 or 17 are allowed to perform hazardous work. + Ensure that the law protects children from hazardous work by establishing a minimum age of 18 for all children or by ensuring that children receive adequate training in the type of work being done and that the health, safety, and morals of children are protected in accordance with international standards if children age 16 or 17 are allowed to perform hazardous work. - Allocate sufficient funding forthe Directorate Against Child Labor and for the Protection of Adolescent Workers to meet its commitments for coordination, implementation, and monitoring related to child labor. + Allocate sufficient funding for the Directorate Against Child Labor and for the Protection of Adolescent Workers to meet its commitments for coordination, implementation, and monitoring related to child labor. Ensure that all inspectors receive regular, specialized training on child labor issues. - Collect and make available complete data on criminal enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as the number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, penalties collected, and number of convictions. + Collect and make available complete data on labor law enforcement efforts and criminal enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as the number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, penalties collected, whether reciprocal mechanisms exist, and number of convictions. - Increase coordination on efforts to address child labor, including within the Ministry of Labor, and with social services agencies and referral mechanisms. + Increase coordination on efforts to address child labor, including within the Ministry of Labor, and with social services agencies and referral mechanisms. @@ -22027,7 +22659,7 @@ throughout the country. Ensure that social programs to prevent and eradicate child labor are being implemented. - Establish programs and ensure sufficient fundingto address the needs of human trafficking victims, including programs that provide services to child victims of human trafficking and sexual abuse. + Establish programs and ensure sufficient funding to address the needs of human trafficking victims, including programs that provide services to child victims of human trafficking and sexual abuse. @@ -22043,7 +22675,7 @@ throughout the country. Asia and the Pacific No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Papua New Guinea made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The Office of Child and Family Services conducted trainings for Child Protection Officers. However, children in Papua New Guinea engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining.Papua New Guinea's hazardous work prohibitions do not comply with international standards that require all children under 18 to be protected from work that could jeopardize their health and safety, nor does its lawsprohibit using, procuring, or offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs.Schools started charging fees as a result of not receiving promised government subsidies needed for education to remain free and accessible for all children. Lastly, insufficient resources hamper the labor inspectorate’s capacity to enforce child labor laws. + In 2019, Papua New Guinea made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Office of Child and Family Services conducted trainings for Child Protection Officers. However, children in Papua New Guinea engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Papua New Guinea's hazardous work prohibitions do not comply with international standards that require all children under 18 to be protected from work that could jeopardize their health and safety, nor does its laws prohibit using, procuring, or offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Schools started charging fees as a result of not receiving promised government subsidies needed for education to remain free and accessible for all children. Lastly, insufficient resources hamper the labor inspectorate’s capacity to enforce child labor laws. @@ -22121,10 +22753,10 @@ throughout the country. No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -22146,31 +22778,33 @@ throughout the country. - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (19) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (19) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - No (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - No (3) + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown @@ -22181,7 +22815,7 @@ throughout the country. Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work, and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. - Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13 to comply with international standards, and ensure that the law’s light work provisions are sufficiently specificto prevent children from involvement in child labor. + Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13 to comply with international standards, and ensure that the law’s light work provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child labor. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. @@ -22216,16 +22850,16 @@ throughout the country. Establish a referral mechanism between labor and criminal law enforcement authorities and social services agencies to ensure that victims of child labor receive appropriate support services. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Institutionalize and fully fund training for labor and criminal inspectors on the worst forms of child labor, including training for new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment. - Publish information on the criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including thenumberof child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. + Publish information on the criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. - Ensure thatlabor inspections occur in all areas of Papua New Guinea, especially outside of urban areas. + Ensure that labor inspections occur in all areas of Papua New Guinea, especially outside of urban areas. Fully fund and reopen1-Tok Kaunselin Helpim Lain. @@ -22239,13 +22873,13 @@ throughout the country. Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. - Publish information related to anti-child labor activitiesundertaken by government coordinating mechanisms. + Publish information related to anti-child labor activities undertaken by government coordinating mechanisms. Ensure that there is senior governmental leadership and participation at the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee meetings. - Ensure thatall anti-human trafficking stakeholders, including NGOs,are invited to andparticipate in the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committeecoordination meetings as per the Committee's mandate. + Ensure that all anti-human trafficking stakeholders, including NGOs, are invited to and participate in the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee coordination meetings as per the Committee's mandate. @@ -22259,7 +22893,7 @@ throughout the country. Implement and fully fund programs and anti-human trafficking services that assist children engaged in the worst forms of child labor in all relevant sectors, especially commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and mining. - Ensure thatChild Care Centers are active and are fullyfunded, and publish their activities undertaken during the reporting period. + Ensure that Child Care Centers are active and are fully funded, and publish their activities undertaken during the reporting period. @@ -22267,7 +22901,7 @@ throughout the country. Ensure all policies are funded and implemented according to their mandate, including the National Action Plan to Eliminate Child Labor in Papua New Guinea, the Papua New Guinea Trafficking in Persons National Action Plan, and the National Child Protection Policy. - Fullyreimburse schools for the added costs of accommodating additional students as mandated under the the Tuition Fee-Free Policy. + Fully reimburse schools for the added costs of accommodating additional students as mandated under the Tuition Fee-Free Policy. Integrate child labor elimination strategies into the Trafficking in Persons National Action Plan and Universal Basic Education Plan. @@ -22286,10 +22920,7 @@ throughout the country. Latin America and the Caribbean No Significant Advancement - In 2019, Paraguay made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The labor inspectorate increased its budget in order to hire more inspectors; inspectors receivedtraining on forced labor, trafficking in persons, child labor, and agricultural inspections; and judges were trained on the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Children and Adolescents also signed an agreement to strengthen inter-agency coordination on child labor, and the latter launched the Immediate Response Program to provide support to street children.In addition, the government updated the National Strategy for the Prevention and Eradicationof Child Labor and Protection of Working Adolescents for the 2019–2024 period, with a focus on strengthening minimum family incomes, inspection of adolescent work, and access to quality education. Finally, the government enacteda law that provides domestic workers with the same minimum wage as all other workers, effectively changing a law that previously provided them with only 60 percent of the national minimum wage. However, children in Paraguay are engaged in the worst forms -of child labor, including in debt bondage in cattle raising, as well as domestic servitude, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Limited funding -for law enforcement agencies and social programs hampered the government’s -ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural areas. + In 2019, Paraguay made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The labor inspectorate increased its budget in order to hire more inspectors; inspectors received training on forced labor, trafficking in persons, child labor, and agricultural inspections; and judges were trained on the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security and the Ministry of Children and Adolescents also signed an agreement to strengthen inter-agency coordination on child labor, and the latter launched the Immediate Response Program to provide support to street children. In addition, the government updated the National Strategy for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Working Adolescents for the 2019–2024 period, with a focus on strengthening minimum family incomes, inspection of adolescent work, and access to quality education. Finally, the government enacted a law that provides domestic workers with the same minimum wage as all other workers, effectively changing a law that previously provided domestic workers with only 60 percent of the national minimum wage. However, children in Paraguay are engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including in debt bondage in cattle raising and in domestic servitude, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Limited funding for law enforcement agencies and social programs hampered the government’s ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural areas. Beans @@ -22540,31 +23171,33 @@ ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural a - $1.8 million(3) - 25(3) - No(3,55) - N/A(3) - N/A(3) - Yes(3) - 1,591(3) - 341(3) - 3(3) - 9(3) - 5(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - Yes(3) - N/A(3) - Yes(3) - 211†(3) - 107(3) - 32(3) - 13(3) - Yes(3) + $1.8 million + 25 + No + N/A + N/A + Yes + 1,591 + 341 + 3 + 9 + 5 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 211 + 107 + 32 + 13 + Yes + Yes @@ -22572,7 +23205,7 @@ ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural a Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Protect children from the pervasive practice of criadazgo by regulating the practice with legislation. + Protect children from the abuse of the criadazgo system by regulating the practice with legislation. Raise the minimum age for work to the age of completion of compulsory education. @@ -22586,16 +23219,16 @@ ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural a Strengthen the labor inspectorate by making labor inspectors public officials rather than contractors and ensuring that they receive more training specific to child labor. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Implement the 2016 agreement to accelerate authorization of workplace inspection search warrants to improve the cooperation mechanisms among judicial authorities and labor enforcement officials. - Increase efforts to prosecute crimes related to the exploitation of children in the worst forms of child labor, including by hiring and training more specialized criminal prosecutors; providing resources, such as vehicles and fuel, to enable investigations in remote areas; and increasing penalties for crimes. + Increase efforts to prosecute crimes related to the exploitation of children in the worst forms of child labor, including by hiring and training more specialized criminal investigators and prosecutors; providing resources, such as vehicles and fuel, to enable investigations in remote areas; and increasing penalties for crimes. - Discontinue the practice of allowing children to shine shoes in government buildings, including the Supreme Court building. + Discontinue the practice of allowing children to shine shoes in government buildings. Ensure that the National Police's Anti-Trafficking Unit is properly funded and staffed. @@ -22609,13 +23242,13 @@ ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural a - Strengthen interagency coordinating mechanisms, with particular focus on the communication between theMinistry of Labor, Employment and Social Securityand the ministries of Education and Health, to combat child labor, including its worst forms. + Strengthen inter-agency coordinating mechanisms, with particular focus on the communication between the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security and the ministries of Education and Health, to combat child labor, including its worst forms. - Provide additional financial and human resources to theDefense Councils for the Rights of Children and Adolescentsto strengthen their ability to address child labor at the municipal level. + Provide additional financial and human resources to the Defense Councils for the Rights of Children and Adolescents to strengthen their ability to address child labor at the municipal level. - Ensure that theInter-Institutional Working Group for Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Persons fulfills its mandates, including in collecting and reporting statistics. + Ensure that the Inter-Institutional Working Group for Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Persons fulfills its mandates, including in collecting and reporting statistics. @@ -22625,10 +23258,10 @@ ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural a - Increase access to education for children vulnerable to child labor, particularly children with disabilities, children living in rural and indigenous communities with language barriers, and girls who leave school early. Address the lack of infrastructure, staff,and transportation, in order to improve access to education for all children. + Increase access to education for children vulnerable to child labor, particularly children with disabilities, children living in rural and indigenous communities with language barriers, and girls who leave school early. Address the lack of infrastructure, staff, and transportation, in order to improve access to education for all children. - Further expand government programs to assist more families and children affected by child labor in agriculture, including cattle herding, and domestic work. + Further expand government programs to assist more families and children affected by child labor in agriculture in rural areas, including cattle herding, and domestic work. Ensure that financial assistance programs for child trafficking and forced labor victims are properly funded. @@ -22647,12 +23280,7 @@ ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural a Latin America and the Caribbean No Significant Advancement - In 2019, Peru made a significantadvancement -in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The government published a law modifying the Penal Code to strengthen penalties for the sexual exploitation of women and minors and drafted an executive decree to establish a standardized government procedure to register adolescent workers. Under Operation Mercury to stop illegal gold mining, Peruvian authorities also dismantleda human trafficking network in the Madre de Dios region. In addition, the government renewed the National Plan to Combat Forced Labor for the 2019–2022 period and the Ministry of Women and VulnerablePopulations approved a guide for the reintegration of human trafficking victims. Moreover, under the Semilla Project, the Ministry of Labor created the Child Labor Free Seal which recognizes products and services whose supply chains are free of child labor.However, children in Peru engage in the -worst forms of child labor, including in mining and in commercial sexual -exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Peruvian law allows children ages 12 to 14 to do light work without specifying the activities in which children may work.In addition, labor law -enforcement agencies in Peru lack sufficient inspectors and training to -adequately combat child labor. + In 2019, Peru made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published a law modifying the Penal Code to strengthen penalties for the sexual exploitation of women and minors and drafted an executive decree to establish a standardized government procedure to register adolescent workers. Under Operation Mercury to stop illegal gold mining, Peruvian authorities also dismantled a human trafficking network in the Madre de Dios region. In addition, the government renewed the National Plan to Combat Forced Labor for the 2019–2022 period and the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations approved a guide for the reintegration of human trafficking victims. Moreover, under the Semilla Project, the Ministry of Labor created the Child Labor Free Seal which recognizes products and services whose supply chains are free of child labor. However, children in Peru engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in mining and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Peruvian law allows children ages 12 to 14 to do light work without specifying the activities in which children may work. In addition, labor law enforcement agencies in Peru lack sufficient inspectors and training to adequately combat child labor. Gold @@ -22795,48 +23423,50 @@ adequately combat child labor. Yes - 17‡ + 17 No Yes - $52,000,000(11) - 607(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - 55,928(11) - Unknown(11) - 26‡ (11) - Unknown(11) - Unknown(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Yes(11) - Unknown(11) - Unknown(11) - Unknown(11) - Unknown(11) - Yes(11) + $52,000,000 + 607 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 55,928 + Unknown + 26‡ + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes - Ensure that children are either prohibited from engaging in night work with no exceptions, or if children are permitted to engage in night work, that they are adequately protected. + Ensure that children are either prohibited from engaging in night work with no exceptions, or if children are permitted to engage in night work, that they are adequately protected. - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of childrenyounger thanage 18 by non-state armed groups. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children younger than age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. @@ -22844,7 +23474,7 @@ adequately combat child labor. - Publish information onthe total number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. + Publish information on the total number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. Ensure adequate enforcement of child labor laws, particularly in the informal sector, including in artisanal mining and domestic work. @@ -22853,7 +23483,7 @@ adequately combat child labor. Increase fines for child labor law violations and the collection rate of such fines to deter future violations. - Establish National Labor Inspection Superintendency offices in all regions of Peru to support labor law enforcement throughout the country, including rural areas, and remove the "auxiliary inspector classification"to increase efficiencyin the inspection process. + Establish National Labor Inspection Superintendency offices in all regions of Peru to support labor law enforcement throughout the country, including rural areas, and remove the "auxiliary inspector classification "to increase efficiency in the inspection process. Increase the level of funding and the resources allocated for labor and criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor, including for increased training on the worst forms of child labor for criminal investigators. @@ -22865,7 +23495,7 @@ adequately combat child labor. Ensure that there are sufficient shelters, including shelters for boys, and specialized services available for victims of trafficking. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Publish information on the number of labor law enforcement efforts including the number of inspections conducted at work sites and violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. @@ -22874,9 +23504,14 @@ adequately combat child labor. Ensure that inspectors are properly trained on child labor and forced labor issues. - Ensure that labor inspectors are able to conduct followup inspections of any given worksite within the same year. + Ensure that labor inspectors are able to conduct follow-up inspections of any given worksite within the same year. + + + N/A + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, in particular in indigenous and Afro-Peruvian communities and rural areas, and in Venezuelan migrant communities. @@ -22912,26 +23547,7 @@ adequately combat child labor. Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, the Philippines made a -moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. -The President signed Executive Order No. 92 institutionalizing the National -Council Against Child Labor to help further implement the Philippines Program -Against Child Labor Strategic Framework. The government also permanently closednine establishments found to be in violation of child labor laws, and -launched the 6-year #SaferKidsPH campaign, which aims to strengthen the investigation and prosecution of cases of online commercial sexual exploitation -of children. Additionally, through new Republic Act No. 11310, the government institutionalized -the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, which is a conditional cash transfer program that focuses on reducing child labor. However, children in the -Philippines engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial -sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in armed -conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and gold -mining.Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant -areas during the reporting period, itdid not adequately protect children -allegedly engaged in drug trafficking from inappropriate incarceration, -penalties for crimes they were forced to commit, or physical harm. Additionally, -research was unable to find evidence that the government investigated police -officers accused of extrajudicial killings of children during anti-drug -operations in 2019.The enforcement of child labor laws remains -challenging, especially due to the limited number of inspectors, lack of -resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties. + In 2019, the Philippines made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The President signed Executive Order No. 92 institutionalizing the National Council Against Child Labor to help further implement the Philippines Program Against Child Labor Strategic Framework. The government also permanently closed nine establishments found to be in violation of child labor laws, and launched the 6-year #SaferKidsPH campaign, which aims to strengthen the investigation and prosecution of cases of online commercial sexual exploitation of children. Additionally, through new Republic Act No. 11310, the government institutionalized the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, which is a conditional cash transfer program that focuses on reducing child labor. However, children in the Philippines engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and gold mining. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it did not adequately protect children allegedly engaged in drug trafficking from inappropriate incarceration, penalties for crimes they were forced to commit, or physical harm. Additionally, research was unable to find evidence that the government investigated police officers accused of extrajudicial killings of children during anti-drug operations in 2019.The enforcement of child labor laws remains challenging, especially due to the limited number of inspectors, lack of resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties. Gold @@ -23091,10 +23707,10 @@ resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties.< Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -23110,37 +23726,39 @@ resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties.< Yes - 18‡ + 18 No Yes - $6,718,800 (7) - 710 (8) - No (55) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - 70,298 (82) - Unknown (8) - Unknown (8) - Unknown (8) - Unknown (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - Yes (8) - 116(7) - 305 (8) - 54 (8) - 34 (7) - Yes (8) + $6,718,800 + 710 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 70,298 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 116 + 305 + 54 + 34 + Yes + Yes @@ -23148,18 +23766,28 @@ resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties.< Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice, and increase resources available to providesufficient coverage of the workforce, particularly in rural areas where child labor is prevalent. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice, and increase resources available to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce, particularly in rural areas where child labor is prevalent. - Ensure thatlabor enforcement resources, including funding, are sufficient to enforce child laborprotections for children employed in the informal sector, including agricultural work. + Ensure that labor enforcement resources, including funding, are sufficient to enforce child labor protections for children employed in the informal sector, including agricultural work. - Publish laborlaw enforcement information, including the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. + Publish labor law enforcement information, including the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. Enhance efforts to prevent the inappropriate incarceration of, and violence against, children suspected to be engaged in the production and trafficking of drugs. @@ -23168,27 +23796,27 @@ resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties.< Prosecute law enforcement officials and civilians responsible for the killing of children engaged in the drug trade. - Allow Rescue the Child Laborers Quick Action Teamsto conductunannounced compliance visitsto private homes. + Allow Rescue the Child Laborers Quick Action Teams to conduct unannounced compliance visits to private homes. - Develop and provide specialized training for labor inspectorson identification ofchild labor. + Develop and provide specialized training for labor inspectors on identification of child labor. - Increase the overall number of law enforcement officials, including police and prosecutors, to ease the workload burden and allow for quicker actionon cases involving the worst forms of child labor. + Increase the overall number of law enforcement officials, including police and prosecutors, to ease the workload burden and allow for quicker action on cases involving the worst forms of child labor. - Institute a program to address and combat thesexual abuse and exploitation ofchildrenin the production of child pornography, including live streaming. + Institute a program to address and combat the sexual abuse and exploitation of children in the production of child pornography, including live streaming. - Provide specialized care and rehabilitative services for children who have been victimized through sexual abuse and exploitationthrough live streaming and in the production of child pornography by their families. + Provide specialized care and rehabilitative services for children who have been victimized through sexual abuse and exploitation through live streaming and in the production of child pornography by their families. Develop programs to increase protections for and provide assistance to children engaged in drug trafficking to address their heightened vulnerability. - Ensure that Bahay ng Pag-asa child detention centers in the Philippines do not subject children to physical or emotional abuse, and that centers are provided with adequate resources to remedy overcrowding and unhygienic conditions. + Ensure that Bahay ng Pag-as a child detention centers in the Philippines do not subject children to physical or emotional abuse, and that centers are provided with adequate resources to remedy overcrowding and unhygienic conditions. @@ -23228,7 +23856,7 @@ resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties.< Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Rwanda made a moderate advancement in efforts to combat the worst forms of child labor. The government published its first ever study examining human trafficking trends in the country and completed the drafting of a light work framework for children working under the minimum age. The government also removed 316 children from hazardous work situations, and punished 74 employers with fines of about $3,000. However, children in Rwanda engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The number of labor inspectors does not meet the ILO's technical advice for the size of the workforce. In addition, children placed in transit centers are often subjected to physical abuse, and social programs did not address all relevant sectorsin whichchild labor was present. + In 2019, Rwanda made a moderate advancement in efforts to combat the worst forms of child labor. The government published its first ever comprehensive study examining human trafficking trends in the country and completed the drafting of a light work framework for children working under the minimum age. The government also removed 316 children from hazardous work situations, and punished 74 employers with fines totaling about $3,000.Children in Rwanda engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The number of labor inspectors does not meet the ILO's technical advice for the size of the workforce. In addition, Rwandan law potentially allows authorities to place children engaged in labor in transit centers, where children are often subject to physical abuse. Finally, social programs did not address all relevant sectors where child labor was present. Tea @@ -23316,10 +23944,10 @@ resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties.< Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -23341,48 +23969,50 @@ resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties.< - $155,000 (16) - 33(37) - Yes(22,37) - Yes(16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - 2,150(37) + $155,000 + 33 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 2,150 Unknown - 393(37) + 393 Unknown Unknown - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - Yes(161718192021-22) - Yes(16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) - Yes (16) + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (16) + Yes + Yes - Increase the number of inspectorsto meetthe ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive sufficient training to identifycases of child labor, including its worst forms. + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive sufficient training to identify cases of child labor, including its worst forms. - Publish informationon the number of penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, the number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. + Publish information on the number of penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, the number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. - Disaggregate the number of complaints received by theRwandan National Police'shotline andthe National Public Prosecution Authority'sinvestigations that relate to child labor. + Disaggregate the number of complaints received by the Rwandan National Police's hotline and the National Public Prosecution Authority's investigations that relate to child labor. - Cease theRwandan National Policepractice of detaining and beating children who work on the street and ensure that children in detention are not subjected to beatings or poor detention conditions. + Cease the Rwandan National Police practice of detaining and beating children who work on the street and ensure that children in detention are not subjected to beatings or unhealthy detention conditions. @@ -23393,9 +24023,14 @@ resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties.< Ensure that actions are taken to implement the National Transformation Strategy. + + + N/A + + - Remove barriers to education, such as costsfor uniforms, school supplies, and unofficial school fees, and ensure access for children with disabilities. + Remove barriers to education, such as costs for uniforms, school supplies, and unofficial school fees, and ensure access for children with disabilities. Expand existing social programs to address all relevant sectors of child labor, including agriculture and domestic work. @@ -23423,14 +24058,12 @@ resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties.< - Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-helena-ascensión-and-tristán-da-cunha + Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-helena-ascension-and-tristan-da-cunha Europe and Eurasia Minimal Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha (formerly Saint Helena), in 2019 the government made aminimal advancement in efforts topreventthe worst forms of child labor.The Children and Adults Social Care Directorate updated its policy on child exploitation, which includes sexual and criminal exploitation. However,the government has yet to define by lawor regulationthe types of work prohibited to children, other than work on vessels engaged in maritime navigation. Gaps also remain in legislation -related to forced child labor and the trafficking of children for labor -exploitation. + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha (formerly Saint Helena), in 2019 the government made a minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Children and Adults Social Care Directorate updated its policy on child exploitation, which includes sexual and criminal exploitation. However, the government has yet to define by law or regulation the types of work prohibited to children, other than work on vessels engaged in maritime navigation. Gaps also remain in legislation related to forced child labor and the trafficking of children for labor exploitation. No @@ -23490,16 +24123,16 @@ exploitation. No - N/A*† + N/A No - N/A*† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -23514,10 +24147,39 @@ exploitation. Yes + + N/A + 0 + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Ensure that forced labor, debt bondage, and slavery are criminally prohibited. @@ -23532,6 +24194,21 @@ exploitation. Establish laws to criminally prohibit trafficking of children for labor exploitation. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. @@ -23546,11 +24223,11 @@ exploitation. Saint Lucia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-lucia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/st-lucia Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Saint Lucia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The government launched a trafficking in persons hotline and theMinistryof Home Affairs, National Security, and Justice implemented a case management system for victims of human trafficking.In addition, the government assumed full financial responsibility for anInternational Organization for Migrationprogram, which aims to counter human trafficking.A rapid assessment conducted by theInternational Labor Organizationin 2016 revealed limited evidence that children in Saint Lucia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation,sometimes as a result of humantrafficking,and useinillicit activities, including in the sale anddistribution of drugs. Saint Lucia's law does not sufficientlyprotect children from hazardous work and illicit activities. The government also does not have any policies addressing all forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + In 2019, Saint Lucia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a trafficking in persons hotline and the Ministry of Home Affairs, National Security, and Justice implemented a case management system for victims of human trafficking. In addition, the government assumed full financial responsibility for an International Organization for Migration program, which aims to counter human trafficking. A rapid assessment conducted by the International Labor Organization in 2016 revealed limited evidence that children in Saint Lucia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in the sale and distribution of drugs. Saint Lucia's law does not sufficiently protect children from hazardous work and illicit activities. The government also does not have any policies addressing all forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. @@ -23628,16 +24305,16 @@ exploitation. No - N/A*† + N/A No - N/A*† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -23654,38 +24331,40 @@ exploitation. Unknown - 6 (2) - No (2) - No (2) + 6 + No + No N/A - No (2) - 300 (2) - 300 (2) - 0 (2) + No + 300 + 300 + 0 N/A N/A - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (20) + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes N/A - Yes (20) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - Yes (2) + Yes + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + N/A - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the forced labor of children in all instances. + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the forced labor of children in all instances. Ensure that laws criminally prohibit using or offering a child for commercial sexual exploitation. @@ -23694,9 +24373,14 @@ exploitation. Ensure that laws prohibit procuring or offering a child for illicit activities, including drug trafficking and production. - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + N/A + + Authorize labor inspectors to assess penalties for labor law violations. @@ -23704,14 +24388,17 @@ exploitation. Ensure that new labor inspectors receive training on child labor law enforcement, and that refresher courses are provided for all labor inspectors. + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data on risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient funding for conducting labor inspections. - Increase the resources allocated to criminal investigators, includingtransportation and equipment. + Increase the resources allocated to criminal investigators, including transportation and equipment. - Ensure thatthe judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be tried in a timely manner. + Ensure that the judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be tried in a timely manner. Ensure that existing penalties are sufficient to deter employers from committing child labor violations. @@ -23719,7 +24406,7 @@ exploitation. - Ensure thatexisting policies to combatchild laborareimplemented,including theNational Social Protection Policy. + Ensure that existing policies to combat child labor are implemented, including the National Social Protection Policy. Adopt a policy that addresses all worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. @@ -23727,13 +24414,13 @@ exploitation. - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. Design and implement social programs that specifically target and assist children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities such as the sale and transportation of drugs. - Ensure that funding for social programs is sufficient so that it can meet the needs of all vulnerable children in the country and does not rely on foreign funding. + Ensure that funding for social programs is sufficient so that it can meet the needs of all vulnerable children in the country and does not rely on foreign funding. Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, and make it accessible for all children by ensuring that violence does not occur at schools. @@ -23748,11 +24435,11 @@ exploitation. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-vincent-and-grenadines + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/st-vincent-and-grenadines Latin America and the Caribbean No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit trained criminal law enforcement personnel on identifying child labor, child trafficking, and commercial sexual exploitation of children.The government also conducted public awareness-raising seminarsat primary and secondary schools, reaching over 1,500 students and 70 teachers.Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Gaps remain in the legal framework, as the minimum age for hazardous work falls below international standards and there is no law to prohibit the use of children in the production of drugs. In addition, the law does not prohibit the use of children for prostitution, pornography, or pornographic performances. + In 2019, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit trained criminal law enforcement personnel on identifying child labor, child trafficking, and commercial sexual exploitation of children. The government also conducted public awareness-raising seminars at primary and secondary schools, reaching over 1,500 students and 70 teachers. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Gaps remain in the legal framework, as the minimum age for hazardous work falls below international standards and there is no law to prohibit the use of children in the production of drugs. In addition, the law does not prohibit the use of children for prostitution, pornography, or pornographic performances. @@ -23830,16 +24517,16 @@ exploitation. No - N/A*† + N/A No - N/A*† + N/A - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A No @@ -23855,42 +24542,44 @@ exploitation. - $626,076 (2) - 6 (2) - No (2) - N/A (2) - N/A (2) - No (2) - 42 (2) - 42 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - N/A (2) - Yes (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - 0 (2) - Yes (2) + $626,076 + 6 + No + N/A + N/A + No + 42 + 42 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + 0 - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited to children, in consultation with workers’ and employers’ organizations, and ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18. + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited to children, in consultation with workers’ and employers’ organizations, and ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18. - Ensure that the lawsregarding commercial sexual exploitation of children are sufficient and do not only apply to human trafficking. + Ensure that the laws regarding commercial sexual exploitation of children are sufficient and do not only apply to human trafficking. - Ensure that laws prohibit the useof a child in illicit activities, includinginthe production and trafficking of drugs. + Ensure that laws prohibit the use of a child in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. @@ -23907,10 +24596,10 @@ exploitation. Strengthen the labor inspectorate by providing sufficient resources to conduct labor inspections, including computers and training. - Increase the amount of resources, including personnel and vehicles, for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit. + Increase the amount of resources, including personnel and vehicles, for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit. - Ensure thatlabor inspectors are provided refresher courses related to child labor. + Ensure that labor inspectors are provided refresher courses related to child labor. @@ -23926,7 +24615,7 @@ exploitation. Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children in rural communities, byproviding public transportation. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children in rural communities, by providing public transportation. Ensure that the Zero Hunger Trust Fund program has sufficient resources to assist all children in need. @@ -23967,7 +24656,7 @@ exploitation. Unavailable - 1.046 + 1.048 @@ -24028,16 +24717,16 @@ exploitation. No - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -24053,31 +24742,33 @@ exploitation. - $48,422 (36) - 3 (36) - No (18) - N/A (36) - N/A (36) - Yes(36) - 32 (30) - 32 (30) - 0 (36) - N/A (36) - N/A (36) - Yes (36) - Yes (36) - Yes (18) - Yes (30) - Yes (36) - No (36) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) - Unknown (4) + $48,422 + 3 + No + N/A + N/A + Yes + 32 + 32 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown @@ -24085,7 +24776,7 @@ exploitation. Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor, including street vending. + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor, including street vending. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, or offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. @@ -24116,7 +24807,7 @@ exploitation. Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Strategy for the Development of Samoa and the Education Sector Plan. - Publish information regarding theactivities carried out by theUnited Nations Pacific Strategy. + Publish information regarding the activities carried out by the United Nations Pacific Strategy. @@ -24127,16 +24818,19 @@ exploitation. Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children by fully eliminating school-related costs, including registration fees, uniforms, transportation fees. - Institute programs to address child labor, includingin street vending and commercial sexual exploitation of children. + Institute programs to address child labor, including in street vending and commercial sexual exploitation of children. - Publish information regarding theactivities carried out by theSamoa Decent Work Country Program. + Publish information regarding the activities carried out by the Samoa Decent Work Country Program. - Publish information regarding theactivities carried out by theOne Government Grant program. + Publish information regarding the activities carried out by the One Government Grant program. + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + Establish a referral mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services providers. @@ -24157,11 +24851,7 @@ exploitation. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In -2019, Senegal made amoderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor.The country’s first nationalhuman trafficking database, "Systraite," was piloted in five regions,and the Ministry of Supervised Education and Social Protection released a multi-disciplinary action plan to address forced begging. However, children in Senegal engage in the worst forms -of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human -trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include domestic work and street work, areas in which child labor is prevalent, and labor and criminallaw enforcement agencies lack resources to adequately enforce child labor law. In addition, an overlap of mandated activities among mechanisms to coordinate efforts to address child labor creates confusion and obstructs effective collaboration. + In 2019, Senegal made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The country’s first national human trafficking database, "Systraite," was piloted in five regions, and the Ministry of Supervised Education and Social Protection released a multi-disciplinary action plan to address forced begging. However, children in Senegal engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include domestic work and street work, areas in which child labor is prevalent, and labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lack resources to adequately enforce child labor law. In addition, an overlap of mandated activities among mechanisms to coordinate efforts to address child labor creates confusion and obstructs effective collaboration. Gold @@ -24246,10 +24936,10 @@ trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Hazardous wor Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -24271,31 +24961,33 @@ trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Hazardous wor - $203,100 (5) - 68 (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - N/A (5) - Yes(5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - 0 (5) - 0 (5) - 0 (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - No (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - N/A (5) - Yes (5) - 9 (5) - 7 (5) - 7 (5) - 7 (5) - Yes (5) + $203,100 + 68 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 9 + 7 + 7 + 2 + Yes + Yes @@ -24312,10 +25004,10 @@ trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Hazardous wor Clarify ambiguity in forced begging provisions in the Penal Code and the Law Concerning the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons to explicitly guarantee that no exceptions can enable a child to be forced to beg. - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - Establish by law a compulsory education age equal to or higher than the minimum age for work. + Establish by law a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age for work. @@ -24323,26 +25015,32 @@ trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Hazardous wor Publish all relevant information on labor inspections conducted, including those at worksites. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice, and ensure adequate labor inspectorate funding. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice, and ensure adequate labor inspectorate funding. Ensure that labor law enforcement and inspections are carried out in the informal sector. - Ensure that criminal law investigators receive refresher training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + Establish a mechanism to receive child labor complaints, and track cases of child labor for referral to law enforcement or social services providers. + + + Ensure that criminal law investigators receive adequate refresher training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - Establish a formal and reciprocal referral mechanism between labor law enforcement and criminal law enforcement agencies and social services. + Establish a formal and reciprocal complaint mechanism between labor law enforcement and criminal law enforcement agencies and social services. - Publish all relevantinformation on the criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and penalties imposed for violations. + Publish all relevant information on child labor law enforcement, including the number of inspections conducted, number of inspections conducted at worksites, number of violations found, number of penalties imposed and number of penalties collected. - Ensure thattraining for criminal investigatorsadequately addressesissuesrelated tothe worst forms ofchild labor inSenegal. + Ensure that training for criminal investigators adequately addresses issues related to the worst forms of child labor in Senegal. Disaggregate Ginddi Center hotline call data to show how many calls are regarding children. + + Ensure courts have sufficient resources and coordination to be able to successfully prosecute cases. + @@ -24381,13 +25079,7 @@ trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Hazardous wor Europe and Eurasia No Moderate Advancement - In -2019, Serbia made amoderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government implementedthe Law on Simplified Hiring of Seasonal Labor in Certain Economic Areas to regulate seasonal work, including in agriculture where child labor occurs.TheCity of Belgrade also opened a shelter to provide services to street children. In addition, the government identified 21 child trafficking victimsand32 child labor violations. However, children in Serbia engage in the worst forms of child labor, -including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes -as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in -street work. Serbia's laws do not treat forced child beggars as -victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, which limits efforts to provide services to victims of child labor. In addition, investigations and prosecutions of child labor crimes significantly decreased in 2019 compared with 2018. + In 2019, Serbia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government implemented the Law on Simplified Hiring of Seasonal Labor in Certain Economic Areas to regulate seasonal work, including in agriculture where child labor occurs. The City of Belgrade also opened a shelter to provide services to street children. In addition, the government identified 21 child trafficking victimsand32 child labor violations. However, children in Serbia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. Serbia's laws do not treat forced child beggars as victims of child labor and the country's social welfare centers are over burdened, which limits efforts to provide services to victims of child labor. In addition, investigations and prosecutions of child labor crimes significantly decreased in 2019 compared with 2018. @@ -24465,10 +25157,10 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -24484,37 +25176,39 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - $3,453,170 (5) - 240 (5) - Yes (5) - N/A (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - 71,984 (5) - Unknown (5) - 32 (5) - 20 (5) - Unknown(5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) + $3,453,170 + 240 + Yes + N/A + Yes + Yes + 71,984 + Unknown + 32 + 20 + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes Unknown - No (5) - No (5) - 1 (5) - 1 (5) - 1 (5) - Unknown - Yes (5) + No + No + 30 + 26 + 15 + 5 + Yes + 5 @@ -24527,27 +25221,27 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w - Train new labor inspectors on child labor, and make information regarding child labor law enforcement publicly available, includingthe number of child labor penalties imposed and collected. + Train new labor inspectors on child labor, and make information regarding child labor law enforcement publicly available, including the number of child labor penalties imposed and collected. - Ensure that staff members at theCenter for Human Trafficking Victims'ProtectionandSocial Welfare Centershave sufficient resources, such as personnel and funding, to address the specific needs of child trafficking victims. + Ensure that staff members at the Center for Human Trafficking Victims' Protection and Social Welfare Centers have sufficient resources, such as personnel and funding, to address the specific needs of child trafficking victims. - Ensure that criminal investigators and agencies combating trafficking in personshave the necessary funding to conduct thorough investigations. + Ensure that criminal investigators and agencies combating trafficking in persons have the necessary funding to conduct thorough investigations. - Ensure that children are not recruited by non-state armed groups, including to participatein non-state-affiliated military training camps. + Ensure that children are not recruited by non-state armed groups, including to participate in non-state-affiliated military training camps. - Increase investigations and, where appropriate, prosecutions and convictions of child labor crimes. + Increase investigations and, where appropriate, prosecutions and convictions of child labor crimes. - Ensure that the National Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Personshas a level of autonomy thatfacilitates efficiency in coordinating efforts to eliminate child labor. + Ensure that the National Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Persons has a level of autonomy that facilitates efficiency in coordinating efforts to eliminate child labor. - Ensure that the Refugee Protection Working Group is active. + Ensure that the Refugee Protection Working Group is active. @@ -24557,7 +25251,7 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w - Address barriers to education, including access to birth registration documentation; increase access to education for children with disabilities; and increase access and retention ratesfor minority populations, particularly migrant and Roma children. + Address barriers to education, including access to birth registration documentation; increase access to education for children with disabilities; and increase access and retention rates for minority populations, particularly migrant and Roma children. @@ -24573,7 +25267,7 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Sierra Leone made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In early 2020, the government officially overturned a 10-year old policy that prohibited girls who were pregnant from attending regular public schools or taking secondary and post-secondary school entrance exams. The government also published a report on the results of a 2018 household-level survey on child labor and employment and passedthe Prevention of the Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants Act, which strengthened penalties for human trafficking crimes. However, children in Sierra Leone engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the mining sector and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The types of hazardous work prohibited for children do not cover all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, and the government does not have a sufficient number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. In addition, Sierra Leone lacks a national policy and social programs to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. + In 2019, Sierra Leone made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In early 2020, the government officially overturned a ten-year old policy that prohibited pregnant girls from attending regular public schools or taking secondary and post-secondary school entrance exams. The government also published a report on the results of a 2018 household-level survey on child labor and employment. However, children in Sierra Leone engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the mining sector and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in quarrying stone and fishing. The types of hazardous work prohibited for children do not cover all sectors where child labor is known to occur, and the government does not have a sufficient number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. In addition, Sierra Leone lacks a national policy and social program to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. Diamonds @@ -24682,10 +25376,10 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -24707,31 +25401,33 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w - $475,600 (1) - 30 (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - N/A(1) - No (1) - 450 (1) - 450 (1) - 0(1) - N/A(1) - N/A (1) - Yes (1) - Unknown (1) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - No (1) - No (1) - Yes (1) - No (1) - No (1) - 0(1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Yes (1) + $475,600 + 30 + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + 450 + 450 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + No + No + 0 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -24739,68 +25435,59 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Ensure that children are protected from hazardous work in sectors that have dangerous conditions and in which child labor is known to occur, including in street work, agriculture, and domestic work. - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children’s involvement in child labor. + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children’s involvement in child labor. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - + Ensure that Village Child Welfare Committees are established and operational in all areas. - Publish information on the number of criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and whether penalties were imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Enforce laws prohibiting child labor in mining, particularly in the diamond mining sector. + Ensure that the National Trafficking in Persons Task Force, and all government bodies, are active and able to adequately coordinate anti-child labor efforts. + + - Ensure refresher training for labor and criminal law enforcement officials on child labor, including its worst forms. + Institute programs to address child labor in the education sector by providing transportation, increasing the number of schools, and eliminating abuse by teachers. - Ensure that criminal law enforcement receives adequate trainingto address the problem ofthe worst forms of child labor. + Increase the availability of and funding for shelters and safe houses for victims of forced labor and for children removed from street work. - Improve coordination between criminal law enforcement agencies and provide sufficient training to enforcement personnel and the judiciary to ensure that violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. + Ensure that data for household surveys are disaggregated so the prevalence of child labor in Sierra Leone is known. - Provide labor law and criminal law enforcement officials with sufficient resources to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. + Institute programs to address child labor in the sectors of agriculture, domestic work, and street vending. + + - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet ILO's technical advice. + Publish information on the number of labor law violations found and routine inspections targeted as well as criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and whether penalties were imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - Establish a complaint and reciprocalreferral mechanism for labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. + Enforce laws prohibiting child labor in mining, particularly in the diamond mining sector. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in the education sector by providing transportation, increasing the number of schools, and eliminating abuse by teachers. + Improve coordination between criminal law enforcement agencies and provide sufficient training to enforcement personnel and the judiciary to ensure that violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. - Increase the availability ofand fundingfor shelters and safe houses for victims of forced labor and for children removed from street work. + Provide labor law and criminal law enforcement officials with sufficient resources to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. - Ensure that data for household surveys are disaggregated so the prevalence of child labor in Sierra Leone is known. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet ILO's technical advice. - Institute programs to address child labor in the sectors of agriculture, domestic work, and street vending. + Establish a complaint and reciprocal referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services. - + - - Ensure thatthe National Action Plan on Human Trafficking is implemented. - Adopt policies to address child labor in relevant sectors, such as mining, quarrying, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure thatthe National Trafficking in Persons Task Force, and all government bodies, are active and able to adequately coordinate anti-child labor efforts. - - Yes @@ -24814,7 +25501,7 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Asia and the Pacific No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, the Solomon Islands made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Anti-Human Trafficking Advisory Committee was fully established and began meeting quarterly to coordinate the government's anti-human trafficking efforts. Further, the government actively investigated two child sex trafficking cases involving five children. However,children in the Solomon Islands engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the harvesting of palm oil fruits.The minimum age for employment does not meet international standards, and the government has not comprehensively identified the hazardous occupations prohibited for children. In addition, education is not compulsory, which increases children’s vulnerability to child labor exploitation. + In 2019, the Solomon Islands made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Anti-Human Trafficking Advisory Committee was fully established and began meeting quarterly to coordinate the government's anti-human trafficking efforts. Further, the government actively investigated two child sex trafficking cases involving five children. However, children in the Solomon Islands engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the harvesting of palm oil fruits. The minimum age for employment does not meet international standards, and the government has not comprehensively identified the hazardous occupations prohibited for children. In addition, education is not compulsory, which increases children’s vulnerability to child labor exploitation. @@ -24892,16 +25579,16 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w No - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -24917,31 +25604,33 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - No (13) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Yes (13) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) - Unknown (5) + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown @@ -24952,7 +25641,7 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Raise the minimum age for employment to comply with international standards. - Establish age 18 as theminimum age for hazardous work. + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work. Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, including the types of work for which there is evidence of hazards, such as in scavenging and agriculture. @@ -24970,7 +25659,7 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - Establish by law an age up to which educationis compulsory that extends to the minimum age for employment. + Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for employment. Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. @@ -24982,6 +25671,11 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Establish by law free basic public education. + + + N/A + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding; the number and type of labor inspections conducted; violations found; and penalties imposed and collected. @@ -24990,7 +25684,7 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Allocate sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws, including increasing budget transparency. - Publish information on the number criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including thenumberof child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. + Publish information on the number criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring the ability to assess penalties. @@ -25024,7 +25718,7 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Eliminate barriers to basic education, including by improving access to school transportation and eliminating school-related fees. - Implement and fully fund programs to address andeliminatechild labor—especially in the agriculture sector—and the worst forms of child labor. + Implement and fully fund programs to address and eliminate child labor—especially in the agriculture sector—and the worst forms of child labor. @@ -25038,14 +25732,9 @@ victims of child laborandthe country's social welfare centers areoverburdened, w Somalia https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/somalia Sub-Saharan Africa - Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practices that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Somalia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate -the worst forms of child labor.The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairsunveiled an expansive social protection policy, finalized a National Employment Policy, andupdated the Labor Code to identify hazardous occupations or activities prohibitedfor children.A newly established tripartite labor committee also drafted an action plan to eradicate child labor, and the Ministry of Defense committed to a UN Roadmap to end and prevent grave violations against children, including recruitment anduse in combat.However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Somalia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. The Somali National Army continued to recruit and use children in armed -conflict, in violation of its national law, during the reporting period. Somalia is also receiving this assessment because it lacks a labor inspectorate, and -as such conducted no worksite labor inspections. Children engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict.Children -in Somalia also perform dangerous tasks in street work.Somali laws do not criminally prohibit child -trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practices that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Somalia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs unveiled an expansive social protection policy and finalized a National Employment Policy, while a newly established tripartite labor committee also drafted an action plan to eradicate child labor. Additionally, the Ministry of Defense committed to a UN Roadmap to end and prevent grave violations against children, including recruitment and use in combat. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Somalia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. The Somali National Army continued to recruit and use children in armed conflict, in violation of its national law, during the reporting period. Somalia is also receiving this assessment because it lacks a labor inspectorate, and as such conducted no worksite labor inspections. Children engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. Somali laws do not criminally prohibit child trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. @@ -25074,194 +25763,117 @@ trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of chi - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - + Yes + 18 + No + Yes - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - + No + + No + No - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - No - Yes - + Yes + + No + Yes - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - + No + + No + No - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - + No + + No + No - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - + No + + No + No - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - No - Yes - + Yes + + No + Yes - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - + Yes + 18 + No + Yes - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - + No + + No + No - - All Territories - All Territories - No - 14‡ - No - No - + No + 14 + No + No - - - All (Somalia) - All (Somalia) - No (8) - - - - - All (Somalia) - All (Somalia) - 0 (8) - - - - - All (Somalia) - All (Somalia) - 0 (8) - - - - - All (Somalia) - All (Somalia) - 0 (8) - - - - - All (Somalia) - All (Somalia) - 1,331(4,19) - - - - - All (Somalia) - All (Somalia) - 0 (8) - - - - - All (Somalia) - All (Somalia) - 0 (8) - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No(8) - - + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + No + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1331 + 0 + 0 + No + N/A - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - Clarify whether the pre-1991 Labor Code is still in effect under the Federal Government of Somalia. + Clarify whether the pre-1991 Labor Code is still in effect under the Federal Government of Somalia. - Criminally prohibit child trafficking for the purpose oflabor and sexual exploitation. + Criminally prohibit child trafficking for the purpose of labor and sexual exploitation. Criminally prohibit using, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances. @@ -25282,16 +25894,16 @@ trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of chi Raise the compulsory education age to be commensurate with the minimum age for work. - Ensure that Puntland's regional laws define a child as anyoneunder age 18, in accordance with international standards. + Ensure that Puntland's regional laws define a child as anyone under age 18, in accordance with international standards. Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. - Accede tothe Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - Ensure that a legal framework on child labor is in place that includes a minimum age for hazardous work; determines the activities in which light work may be permitted and prescribes the number of hours per week for light work; and, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, determines the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. + Ensure that a legal framework on child labor is in place that includes a minimum age for hazardous work; determines the activities in which light work may be permitted and prescribes the number of hours per week for light work; and, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, determines the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. @@ -25302,13 +25914,13 @@ trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of chi Report information on the training of investigators, as well as the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions achieved in all regions of Somalia. - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receivesufficient training and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict violators of the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient training and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict violators of the worst forms of child labor. - Cease the recruitment and use of child soldiers by theSomali Police Force, the National Intelligence and Security Agency, and the Somali National Army, as wellasGalmudug, Jubaland, and Puntland forces and all allied militia. Investigate, prosecute, and punish, as appropriate, allcommanders who recruit and use children. + Cease the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the Somali Police Force, the National Intelligence and Security Agency, and the Somali National Army, as well as Galmudug, Jubaland, and Puntland forces and all allied militia. Investigate, prosecute, and punish, as appropriate, all commanders who recruit and use children. - Ensure that children associated with armed groups are not detained with adults and refer these children to social service providers. Cease the practice of sentencing children to long prison termsfor associating with armed groups. + Ensure that children associated with armed groups are not detained with adults and refer these children to social service providers. Cease the practice of sentencing children to long prison terms for associating with armed groups. Establish a referral mechanism between the Somali National Police and social welfare services for children engaged in forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. @@ -25321,13 +25933,13 @@ trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of chi - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible and safe for all children by removing all armed groups from educational facilities, constructing schools outside Mogadishu, andremoving enrollment fees. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible and safe for all children by removing all armed groups from educational facilities, constructing schools outside Mogadishu, and removing enrollment fees. Develop programs to address child labor, such as in street work and forced labor in agriculture. Expand existing programs to address the scope of children in armed conflict. - Adopt acountry-wide birth registration system tofacilitate identification of child labor violations. + Adopt a country-wide birth registration system to facilitate identification of child labor violations. Ensure all social programs are implemented as intended. @@ -25335,7 +25947,7 @@ trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of chi - Adopt policies toaddress child labor in agriculture, industry, street work,and domestic work. + Adopt policies to address child labor in agriculture, industry, street work, and domestic work. @@ -25351,11 +25963,7 @@ trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of chi Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, South Africa made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government continued to expand social grants to children and put in place measures that continue to maintain high primary education enrollment rates and improve access to education througha no fees program. However, children in South Africa engage in -the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and -forced begging, each sometimes as the result of human trafficking. Labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties, and social programs are not sufficient to address the -scope of child labor. In addition,barriers to education remain, especially among -children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. + In 2019, South Africa made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the Prevention and Combating of Trafficking in Persons National Policy Framework to help government agencies improve capacity and coordination on combatting trafficking in persons. However, children in South Africa engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging, each sometimes as the result of human trafficking. Labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties, and social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor. In addition, barriers to education remain, especially among children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. @@ -25433,10 +26041,10 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -25458,31 +26066,33 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. - $41 million (9) - 1,378 (9) - No (9) - Yes (9) - N/A (9) - Yes(9) - 218,732 (9) - Unknown (9) - 15 (9) - Unknown (9) - Unknown (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - Yes (9) - 22 (9) - 5 (9) - 3 (9) - 2 (9) - Yes (9) + $41 million + 1,378 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 218,732 + Unknown + 15 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 22 + 5 + 3 + 2 + Yes + Unknown @@ -25498,13 +26108,13 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. Ensure that law enforcement properly identify victims of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking. - Ensure that sufficient resources and training are provided to the labor inspectorate to conduct inspections, including in sectors in which child labor is known to occur, andpublish information about penalties on the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that sufficient resources and training are provided to the labor inspectorate to conduct inspections, including in sectors in which child labor is known to occur, and publish information about penalties on the worst forms of child labor. Publish information on the number of child labor inspections conducted at worksites and penalties imposed and collected. @@ -25517,7 +26127,7 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. - Include a timeframe and benchmarks in the National Child Labor Programme of Action for South Africa to properly monitor and assess the progress of efforts to combat child labor. + Include a timeframe and benchmarks in the National Child Labor Programme of Action for South Africa to properly monitor and assess the progress of efforts to combat child labor. Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the South African Education Action Plan and the National Development Plan. @@ -25525,19 +26135,19 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. - Ensure that refugees and children with disabilities have equal access to education. + Ensure that refugees and children with disabilities have equal access to education and make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. - Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees. + Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees for basic education. Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor in agriculture and domestic work. - Ensure that children are not denied access to education, including the ability to take final exams, due tothe lack of adequate identification or proof of immunization. + Ensure that children are not denied access to education, including the ability to take final exams, due to the lack of adequate identification or proof of immunization. - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. @@ -25552,8 +26162,8 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/south-sudan Sub-Saharan Africa No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2019, South Sudan is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, SouthSudanis receiving an assessment of no advancement because it had a practice of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. Stateforces continued to recruit children, sometimes forcibly, to fightopposition groups.Otherwise, the government made efforts bysigning a UN comprehensiveaction plan to end grave violations against children, and integrating a unit on child protection issues into the army's 2019 civic education curriculum.Children in South Sudan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict and cattle herding.The government did not hold perpetrators of child labor accountable andhas yet to ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. In addition,police continued to indiscriminately arrest and imprison children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation rather than treating them as victims. + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2019, South Sudan is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, SouthSudanis receiving an assessment of no advancement because it demonstrated a practice of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. Stateforces continued to recruit children, sometimes forcibly, to fight opposition groups. Otherwise, the government made efforts by signing a UN comprehensive action plan to end grave violations against children, and integrating a unit on child protection issues into the army's 2019 civic education curriculum. Children in South Sudan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict and cattle herding. The government did not hold perpetrators of child labor accountable and has yet to ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. In addition, police continued to indiscriminately arrest and imprison children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation rather than treating them as victims. Cattle @@ -25666,60 +26276,59 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. - $11,000 (13) - 13 (13) - Yes (39) - Yes (13) - N/A (13) - Yes (13) - 750 (13) - 750 (13) - 0 (13) - 0 (13) + $11,000 + 13 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 750 + 750 + 0 + 0 N/A - 750 (13) - No(13) - Yes (39) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - Yes (13) - N/A (13) - Yes (13) - Unknown (13) - 580 (13) - 0 (13) - 0 (13) - No (13) + 750 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unknown + 580 + 0 + 0 + No + No - Ensure that the Child Act’s minimum age of 18 years for voluntary military recruitment is enforced by ending all recruitment and use of children under age 18 by the South Sudan Peoples' Defense Forces (SSPDF), the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement/Army in Opposition (SPLA-IO), or associated militias. + Ensure that the Child Act’s minimum age of 18 years for voluntary military recruitment is enforced by ending all recruitment and use of children under age 18 by the South Sudan People's Defense Force, the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement Army In Opposition, or associated militias. Increase the number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. - Establish referral mechanisms for labor inspectors, criminal law enforcers, and social services providers to facilitate adequate enforcement of labor and criminal laws and to implement social programs that address child labor issues. + Establish referral mechanisms between criminal law enforcement agencies and social services providers for victims of the worst forms of child labor. - Publish the number of criminal investigations conducted, and prosecute all perpetrators of child labor. + Publish the number of criminal investigations conducted, and prosecute all perpetrators of child labor. - Investigate and prosecute all parties responsible for the recruitment or use of children in armed conflict, and ensure penaltiesare sufficient to deter future offenders. + Investigate, prosecute, and/or impose penalties on all parties responsible for the recruitment or use of children in armed conflict, and ensure that penalties are sufficiently high to deter future offenders. Ensure that prosecutors and law enforcement officials are familiar with the prohibitions on the worst forms of child labor, are trained in implementing all laws related to child labor, and do not treat victims of commercial sexual exploitation as offenders. - Provide sufficient human and financial resources to ensure labor inspectors carry out routine and unannounced inspections, including targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to high-risk sectors and patterns of serious incidents; and ensure the MOL is funded and labor inspectorate staff are regularly paid. - - - Ensure labor regulations specify monetary penalties for all labor infractions, andthat penalties are high enough to serve as a deterrent. + Provide sufficient human and financial resources to ensure that labor inspectors carry out routine inspections, including targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to high-risk sectors and patterns of serious incidents; that detected violations are reported, as required by law; and that labor inspectorate staff are paid at regular intervals. - Ensure Labor Inspectorate staff are paid at regular intervals, and on time. + Ensure that labor regulations specify monetary penalties for all labor infractions, and that specified penalties are high enough to serve as a deterrent. @@ -25729,12 +26338,12 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. - Ensure that policies, such as the Joint Action Plan to Prevent the Use of Child Soldiers, Article 2.1.10 of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, and theGeneral Education Strategic Plan, are adequately funded and fully implemented. + Ensure that policies, such as the Joint Action Plan to Prevent the Use of Child Soldiers, Article 2.1.10 of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, and the General Education Strategic Plan, are adequately funded and fully implemented. - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. Ensure that the compulsory education age is consistent with the minimum age for work. @@ -25743,18 +26352,21 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. Ensure that the worst forms of child labor are prohibited for all children under age 18 by law. - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Issue, by national law or regulation, a complete list of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - Ensure that children complete their primary education byresuming payment ofteachers’ salariesand subsidizing other school-related costs, and by withdrawing government forces from occupied schools. + Improve access to education by addressing the lack of school infrastructure, including for pastoralist children; lessening the impact of food insecurity; and registering all children at birth. + + + Ensure that children complete their primary education by resuming payment of teachers’ salaries and subsidizing other school-related costs, and by withdrawing government forces from occupied schools. Conduct a national child labor survey, including research to determine the activities carried out by children, to inform policies and social programs. - Cooperate with child protection agencies, pursuant to Article 2.1.10 of theRevitalizedAgreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, to disarm, immediately release children in armed groups, and transfer them to appropriate social services providers. Ensure that the rehabilitation services provided to child soldiers are sufficient. + Cooperate with child protection agencies, pursuant to Article 2.1.10 of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, to disarm, immediately release children in armed groups, and transfer them to appropriate social services providers. Ensure that the rehabilitation services provided to child soldiers are sufficient. Increase the scope of social programs to reach more children at risk of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and child soldiering. @@ -25773,10 +26385,7 @@ children without proper identification documents and children with disabilities. Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In -2019, Sri Lanka made a moderate -advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.During the reporting period, the government significantly increased the budget for thelabor inspectorate and increased the number of labor inspectors.The Sri Lanka Police also took action toinvestigate four cases involving the commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition, the government approved the National Child Protection Policy as a measure to reduce child sex tourism. However, children in Sri Lanka engage in the worst -forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform domestic work, during which they are sometimes subjected to physical, sexual, andpsychological abuse. Sri Lanka's hazardous work list is not comprehensive because it does not include domestic work.In addition, the labor inspectorate is not authorized to assess penalties for labor law violations. + In 2019, Sri Lanka made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government significantly increased the budget for the labor inspectorate and increased the number of labor inspectors. The Sri Lanka Police also took action to investigate four cases involving the commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition, the government approved the National Child Protection Policy as a measure to reduce child sex tourism. However, children in Sri Lanka engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Sri Lanka's hazardous work list is not comprehensive because it does not include domestic work. In addition, the labor inspectorate is not authorized to assess penalties for labor law violations. @@ -25857,10 +26466,10 @@ forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -25882,31 +26491,33 @@ forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as - $2,110,932.64 (2) - 679(2) - No (2) + $2,110,932.64 + 679 + No Unknown - N/A (2) - Yes (2) - 64,851 (2) - 64,851 (2) - 10 (2) - 8 (2) - 8 (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - N/A (2) - Yes (2) - 7 (3) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Yes (2) + N/A + Yes + 64,851 + 64,851 + 10 + 8 + 8 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 7 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -25917,18 +26528,34 @@ forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited to children are comprehensive, including domestic work. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for labor law violations. - Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement actions, including initial training for new labor inspectors, and oncriminal law enforcement actions, including the number of violations, prosecutions, convictions, and on penalties related to the worst forms of child labor. + Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement actions, including initial training for new labor inspectors, and on criminal law enforcement actions, including the number of violations, prosecutions, convictions, and on penalties related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Provide investigators with additional funding and adequate facilities, including transportation and facilities to record evidence, and human resources to adequately investigate forced labor, child trafficking, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Provide adequate staffing in the northern and eastern provinces for the labor inspectorate to carry out inspections. - Provide additional funding to provide investigators with adequate facilities, including transportation andfacilities to record evidence,and human resources toadequately investigate forced labor, child trafficking, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + Ensure sufficient efforts are made to investigate isolated reports of officials allegedly complicit in the worst forms of child labor. - Provide adequate staffing for the labor inspectorate to carry out inspections, including infactories. + Ensure that victims of child trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation are not punished for their involvement in child labor. @@ -25939,7 +26566,7 @@ forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as Eliminate barriers to education, including difficulties with transportation to schools and an inadequate number of teachers. - Institute programs to address the risks of child labor in tea estates and in coastal, agricultural,mining, and firewood-producing areas. + Institute programs to address the risks of child labor in tea estates and in coastal, agricultural, mining, and firewood-producing areas. @@ -25967,12 +26594,7 @@ forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as Latin America and the Caribbean No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Suriname made amoderate advancement in efforts to eliminate -the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor and drafted, approved,and implemented the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons.The Ministry of Labor also adopted a referral network system developed by the Ministry of Social Affairs in collaboration with UNICEF, which aims to addressviolations of children's rights bynot only removing children from exploitative situations, but by seeking solutions to the causes of their exploitation. In addition, the Trafficking in Persons Working Group launched an extensive awareness-raising campaign, including billboards, radio and television messaging, and the distribution of flyers at entry points throughout the country. However, children in -Suriname engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial -sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Prohibitions related to the use of childrenfor illicit activities do not meet international standards.In addition, the compulsory education age does not reach the -minimum age for employment, leaving some children vulnerable to labor -exploitation. + In 2019, Suriname made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor and drafted, approved, and implemented the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons. The Ministry of Labor also adopted a referral network system developed by the Ministry of Social Affairs in collaboration with UNICEF, which aims to address violations of children's rights by not only removing children from exploitative situations, but by seeking solutions to the causes of their exploitation. In addition, the Trafficking in Persons Working Group launched an extensive awareness-raising campaign, including billboards, radio and television messaging, and the distribution of flyers at entry points throughout the country. However, children in Suriname engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards. In addition, the compulsory education age does not reach the minimum age for employment, leaving some children vulnerable to labor exploitation. Gold @@ -26057,10 +26679,10 @@ exploitation. No - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -26083,35 +26705,37 @@ exploitation. Unknown - 50 (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - N/A (4) - No (4) - 834 (4) - 0 (4) - 3 (4) - 2 (4) - 0 (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes (4) - Yes(11) - N/A(11) - Yes(11) - Unknown + 50 + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + 834 + 0 + 3 + 2 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 2 Unknown - Unknown + 0 Unknown - Yes(11) + Yes + Unknown - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. @@ -26123,6 +26747,16 @@ exploitation. Ensure that all children, including children of foreign-born parents, have access to free public education. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, and ensure inspectors receive periodic refresher training. @@ -26131,7 +26765,7 @@ exploitation. Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on the analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents, such as in fisheries and the interior of the country, particularly in mining and agricultural areas in which child labor is likely to occur. - Increase the number of investigators responding to human trafficking cases,and allocate sufficient funding to ensure that criminal law enforcement officers have the resources necessary to conduct investigations, particularly in the interior of the country and informal mining areas. + Increase the number of investigators responding to human trafficking cases, and allocate sufficient funding to ensure that criminal law enforcement officers have the resources necessary to conduct investigations, particularly in the interior of the country and informal mining areas. Ensure that the labor inspectorate is sufficiently funded to cover labor inspections in both the formal and informal sectors of the labor force. @@ -26145,10 +26779,10 @@ exploitation. - Develop social programs to prevent and eradicate child labor in agriculture and mining andto improve secondary school attendance, particularly in the interior. + Develop social programs to prevent and eradicate child labor in agriculture and mining and to improve secondary school attendance, particularly in the interior. - Strengthen social services to assist child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking. + Strengthen social services and shelters to assist child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking. @@ -26159,12 +26793,12 @@ exploitation. - São Tomé and Príncipe - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/são-tomé-and-príncipe + São Tomé and Príncipe + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sao-tome-and-principe Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, São Tomé and Príncipe made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the Family Program to implement education policies and provide cash stipends to vulnerable families. However, children in São Tomé and Príncipe engage in the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Labor Code permits children younger than age 14 to work under certain circumstances, which is not consistent with international standards. In addition, limited financial resources hampered law enforcement efforts and prevented the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor from being implemented. Social programs also do not address child labor in all relevant sectors, including in agriculture. + In 2019, São Tomé and Príncipe made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the Family Program to implement education policies and provide cash stipends to vulnerable families. However, children in São Tomé and Príncipe engage in the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Labor Code permits children younger than age 14 to work under certain circumstances, which is not consistent with international standards. In addition, limited financial resources hampered law enforcement efforts and prevented the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor from being implemented. Social programs also do not address child labor in all relevant sectors, including in agriculture. @@ -26261,37 +26895,39 @@ exploitation. Yes - 15† + 15 No Yes - $20,000 (5) - 3 (5) - Yes (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - No (5) - 50 (5) + $20,000 + 3 + Yes + N/A + N/A + No + 50 Unknown - 0 (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - Yes (5) - No (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - Yes (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - No (5) + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + N/A + No Unknown - 0 (5) - 0 (5) - 0 (5) - Yes (5) + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + 0 @@ -26316,7 +26952,7 @@ exploitation. Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - Provide inspectors and investigators with appropriate training, andequip labor inspectors and criminal investigators with the necessary resources to conduct inspections, including fuel and transportation. + Provide inspectors and investigators with appropriate training, and equip labor inspectors and criminal investigators with the necessary resources to conduct inspections, including fuel and transportation. Publish information on the number of inspections conducted at worksites and the number of investigations conducted. @@ -26324,17 +26960,17 @@ exploitation. - Ensure that the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor hassufficient resources for implementation. + Ensure that the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor has sufficient resources for implementation. - Implement programs that specifically target child laborin agriculture. + Implement programs that specifically target child labor in agriculture. - Ensure that coordinating bodies to combatchild laborare able to fulfill their mandates, including the Departmentof Social Protection and Solidarity. + Ensure that coordinating bodies to combat child labor are able to fulfill their mandates, including the Department of Social Protection and Solidarity. @@ -26373,15 +27009,8 @@ exploitation. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, The United Republic of Tanzania made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Criminal law enforcement officers prosecuted, achieved convictions, and imposed sentencesfor two cases relatedto the worst forms of child labor.However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Tanzania is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. The Mainlandgovernment explicitly supports the routine expulsion of pregnant students from public schools, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Tanzania -engage in the worst forms of child Iabor, including in mining, quarrying, and domestic -work. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Other gaps remain -in the legal framework and enforcement of laws related to child labor, -including protections for child engagement in illicit activities and domestic -work;the lack of authorization for the labor inspectorate to assess -penalties;and the likely insufficient number of labor inspectors -for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, The United Republic of Tanzania made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Criminal law enforcement officers prosecuted, achieved convictions, and imposed sentences for two cases related to the worst forms of child labor. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Tanzania is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. The Mainland government explicitly supports the routine expulsion of pregnant students from public schools, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Tanzania engage in the worst forms of child Iabor, including in mining, quarrying, and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Other gaps remain in the legal framework and enforcement of laws related to child labor, including protections for child engagement in illicit activities and domestic work; the lack of authorization for the labor inspectorate to assess penalties; and the likely insufficient number of labor inspectors for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Gold @@ -26602,10 +27231,10 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. All Territories All Territories - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A @@ -26633,7 +27262,7 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Mainland Mainland Yes - 14‡ + 14 No Yes @@ -26641,7 +27270,7 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Zanzibar Zanzibar No - 13 + 12 No No @@ -26652,67 +27281,67 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Zanzibar Zanzibar - $7,180 (2) + $7,180 Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - 11 (2) + 11 Mainland Mainland - No (2) + No Zanzibar Zanzibar - No (2) + No Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - No (2) + No Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - No (2) + No Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar @@ -26724,43 +27353,43 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - 500 (2) + 500 Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - 500 (2) + 500 Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - 0 (2) + 0 Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar @@ -26772,177 +27401,196 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - 0 (2) + 0 Mainland Mainland - Yes (2) + Yes Zanzibar Zanzibar - Yes (2) + Yes Mainland Mainland - Yes (2) + Yes Zanzibar Zanzibar - Yes (2) + Yes Mainland Mainland - Yes (2) + Yes Zanzibar Zanzibar - Yes (2) + Yes Mainland Mainland - Yes (2) + Yes Zanzibar Zanzibar - Yes (2) + Yes Mainland and Zanzibar Mainland and Zanzibar - Yes (2) + Yes Mainland Mainland - Yes (2) + Yes Zanzibar Zanzibar - Yes (2) + Yes + + + All Territories + All Territories + NO + + Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - No (2) + No Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - No (2) + No Mainland Mainland - Unknown (2) + Unknown Zanzibar Zanzibar - No (2) + No Mainland Mainland - 2 (29) + 2 Zanzibar Zanzibar - 0 (2) + 0 Mainland Mainland - 5(29) + 5 Zanzibar Zanzibar - 0 (2) + 0 Mainland Mainland - 2 (29) + 2 Zanzibar Zanzibar - 0 (2) + 0 Mainland Mainland - 2 (29) + 2 Zanzibar Zanzibar - 0 (2) + 0 Mainland Mainland - Yes (2) + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes Zanzibar Zanzibar - Yes (2) + Unknown - + @@ -26959,7 +27607,7 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Continue to expand the list of hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children to ensure that the list includes weeding and processing in the production of tobacco, cloves, coffee, sisal, and tea. - Establish by law acompulsory agefor education, which leaves no gap between the age of compulsory education and minimum age for work. + Establish by law a compulsory age for education, which leaves no gap between the age of compulsory education and minimum age for work. Ensure that the law does not prohibit access to education for pregnant girls and sexually active boys. @@ -26970,7 +27618,7 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet ILO’s technical advice. Ensure that a dedicated labor officer is appointed to each region, and publish this information. @@ -26985,13 +27633,16 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Provide sufficient funding to ensure adequate enforcement of labor laws. - Publish information on training for criminal law enforcement officials, including training for new investigators, training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and refresher courses. + Publish information on training for criminal law enforcement officials, including training for new investigators, training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and refresher courses. Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment, trainings on laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and refresher courses. - Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcementinvestigators, including by training new investigators, trainings on newlaws related to the worst forms of child labor, and refresher courses. + Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcement investigators, including by training new investigators, trainings on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and refresher courses. + + + Ensure that penalties are imposed for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. @@ -27001,10 +27652,13 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by eliminating or defraying prohibitive related costs, such as books, school meals,and uniforms,while ensuring schools have adequate resources for students with disabilities and learning disorders. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by eliminating or defraying prohibitive related costs, such as books, school meals, and uniforms, while ensuring schools have adequate resources for students with disabilities and learning disorders. - Integrate programs that include the construction, mining, quarrying, domestic service, fishing,and informal sectors to address children engaged in child labor. + Integrate programs that include the construction, mining, quarrying, domestic service, fishing, and informal sectors to address children engaged in child labor. + + + Ensure the implementation of government-funded social programs. @@ -27015,7 +27669,7 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Ensure the implementation of the National Strategy on Elimination of Child Labor and National Plan of Action to End Violence Against Women and Children in Tanzania. - Incorporate child labor prevention and elimination strategies, and ensure thefull implementation of the Zanzibar Education Policy to limit dropouts. + Incorporate child labor prevention and elimination strategies, and ensure the full implementation of the Zanzibar Education Policy to limit dropouts. @@ -27031,7 +27685,7 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Thailand made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.The government increased its total number of labor inspections by6 percent, and itworked to ensure migrant students educated at Migrant Learning Centersreceive a government-accredited certificate to allow them to pursue additional educational opportunities in Thailand or back in their native countries. Thailand was also the first country in Asia to ratify ILO Convention 188, which came into force in January. In addition, the National Policy to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor provided the framework for the implementation of regulations in the high-risk fishing sector and led to the development of the 2019 Fishery Workers Protection Act. However, children in Thailand engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in Muay Thai fighting competitions without protective equipment. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it does not meet the international standard for the minimum age for work because the law does not grant protections to children working outside a formal employment relationship. Enforcement of child labor laws remains a challenge due to an insufficient number of inspectors and resources to inspect remote workplaces in informal sectors. + In 2019, Thailand made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased its total number of labor inspections by six percent, and it worked to ensure migrant students educated at Migrant Learning Centers receive a government accredited certificate to allow them to pursue additional educational opportunities in Thailand or back in their native countries. The Ministry of Education issued a new regulation that allows non-Thai children to enroll in the formal school system and ensures that these children have access to free education and health services. The government also published the first nationally representative survey of working children in Thai. Thailand was also the first country in Asia to ratify ILO Convention 188, which came into force in January, implemented of regulations in the high-risk fishing sector, and the passed the 2019 Fishery Workers Protection Act. However, children in Thailand engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in Muay Thai fighting competitions without protective equipment. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it does not meet the international standard for the minimum age for work because the law does not grant protections to children working outside a formal employment relationship. Enforcement of child labor laws remains a challenge due to an insufficient number of inspectors and resources to physically inspect remote workplaces in informal sectors. Fish @@ -27165,31 +27819,33 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. - $992,428(5) - 1,813(5) - Yes(50) - Yes(5) - Yes(5) - Yes(5) - 42,956(5) - 42,956(5) - 360(5) - 43(5) - 43(5) - Yes(5) - Yes(5) - Yes(50) - Yes(5) - Yes(5) - Yes(5) - Yes(5) - Yes(5) - Yes(5) - Unknown (5) - 2,425 (5) - 71(5) - Unknown(5) - Yes(5) + $992,428 + 1,813 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 42,956 + 42,956 + 360 + 43 + 43 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 2425 + 71 + Unknown + Yes + Yes @@ -27200,24 +27856,34 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to children working outside of employment relationships. - Enact legal protections that prohibit children under age 18 from participating inMuay Thai without protective gear—inclusive of gum shields, groin protectors, head guards, shin guards, elbow guards, and body protectors—and forbid all types of contact with opponents’ heads. + Enact legal protections that prohibit children under age 18 from participating in Muay Thai without protective gear—inclusive of gum shields, groin protectors, head guards, shin guards, elbow guards, and body protectors—and forbid all types of contact with opponents’ heads. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws related to child labor to meet the ILO's technical guidance. - Create a comprehensive standard operating procedure to refer andprotect children rescued at night from child labor situations. + Create a comprehensive standard operating procedure to refer and protect children rescued at night from child labor situations. - Collect and publish comprehensive data on the number of investigations conductedand convictions for all crimes related to child labor. + Collect and publish comprehensive data on the number of investigations conducted and convictions for all crimes related to child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure provincial government and court officials have a clear understanding of human trafficking issues, especially in cases of male children in commercial sexual exploitation, andafford them the same protections as girls. + Ensure provincial government and court officials have a clear understanding of human trafficking issues, especially in cases of male children in commercial sexual exploitation, and afford them the same protections as girls, and provide training specifically on working with boy victims. Increase collaboration with NGOs and migrant community networks to exchange information on high-risk workplaces and provide training on child labor issues. @@ -27231,7 +27897,7 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. - Improve access to education, especially for ethnic minority and migrant children, including by clarifying to school officials the necessary documents non-Thai students need to submit for enrollment, raising awareness of migrant children's right to education, improving access to school transportation, and addressing language barriers for non-Thai speaking students, including on public school applications. + Improve access to education, especially for ethnic minority and migrant children, including by clarifying to school officials, either under the Ministry of Education or local governments, the necessary documents non-Thai students need to submit for enrollment, raising awareness of migrant children's right to education, improving access to school transportation, and addressing language barriers for non-Thai speaking students, including on public school applications. Conduct research and data prevalence surveys to ensure that there are sufficient social programs to address child labor in agriculture, garment manufacturing, domestic work, and construction. @@ -27240,7 +27906,7 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. Ensure that there are sufficient social programs to assist children from vulnerable groups, such as migrant children, who are at high risk of the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure migrant learning centers are sufficiently funded, provide accreditation for migrant children,develop systems to refer migrant students to schools in their countries of origin, and standardize education metrics and benchmarks for migrantstudents wishing to purse education in Thailand. + Ensure migrant learning centers are sufficiently funded, provide accreditation for migrant children, develop systems to refer migrant students to schools in their countries of origin, and standardize education metrics and benchmarks for migrant students wishing to purse education in Thailand. @@ -27255,24 +27921,8 @@ for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/timor-leste Asia and the Pacific No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, -Timor-Leste made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms -of child labor.In October, the government -released an analytical report on the findings of its 2016 National Child Labor -Survey in conjunction with theMini Labor Force Survey. Additionally, the -government funded the VulnerablePersons Unitto help support -children who were victims of child labor and human trafficking.However, despite new -initiatives to address child labor, Timor-Leste is receiving an assessment of -minimal advancementdue to a regression in practice that delayed -advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. While no law or policy prohibits pregnant girls from -attending school, reports during the reporting period indicate that orders from school -principals forced girls to leave school when they became pregnant, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of -child labor. Children in Timor-Leste engage in the worst forms of child labor, -includingin commercial sexual exploitation,sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children alsoperform -dangerous tasks inagriculture. In addition,Timor-Leste’s Penal Code -and Labor Code only protect children under the age of 17,leaving children -age 17 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Timor-Leste made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.In October, the government released an analytical report on the findings of its 2016 National Child Labor Survey in conjunction with theMini Labor Force Survey. Additionally, the government funded the VulnerablePersons Unit to help support children who were victims of child labor and human trafficking.However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Timor-Leste is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement due to a regression in practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. While no law or policy prohibits pregnant girls from attending school, reports during the reporting period indicate that orders from school principals forced girls to leave school when they became pregnant, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Timor-Leste engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation,sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. In addition, Timor-Leste’s Penal Code and Labor Code only protect children under the age of 17,leaving children age 17 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. @@ -27378,45 +28028,47 @@ age 17 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. - $432,074 (7) - 26 (7) - Yes(26) - N/A (7) - N/A (7) - N/A (7) - 2,000 (7) - Unknown (7) - 0 (7) - 0 (7) - 0 (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes(26) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - Yes (7) - N/A (7) - No (7,25) - 0 (7) - 0 (7) - 0 (7) - 0 (7) - Yes (7) + $432,074 + 26 + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + 2,000 + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No - Ensure that children receive adequate trainingspecific to thetype of work they are undertaking, and ensure that their health, safety, and morals are protected in accordance with international standards when the minimum age for hazardous work is under age 16 or 17. + Ensure that children receive adequate training specific to the type of work they are undertaking, and ensure that their health, safety, and morals are protected in accordance with international standards when the minimum age for hazardous work is under age 16 or 17. Ensure that the List of Hazardous Occupations and Activities Prohibited for Children are harmonized with the Labor Code and Penal Code. - Ensure that the law protects children between the ages of 17 and 18 from engagement in all the worst forms of child labor,such as commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities. + Ensure that the law protects children between the ages of 17 and 18 from engagement in all the worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities. - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which light work may be undertaken. + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which light work may be undertaken. Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. @@ -27427,19 +28079,19 @@ age 17 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Publish labor law enforcement information, including the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites. - Ensure thatlabor and criminal law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to carry out inspections and investigations, especially in rural areas of Timor-Leste, including increasing the number of vehicles and providing fuel for the vehicles. + Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to carry out inspections and investigations, especially in rural areas of Timor-Leste, including increasing the number of vehicles and providing fuel for the vehicles. - Ensure that the Secretariat of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy has the legalauthority to inspect in the informal sector. + Ensure that the Secretariat of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy has the legal authority to inspect in the informal sector. - Ensurethat labor and criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficienttraining so they are able to correctly identify and classify violationsrelated to the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. + Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient training so they are able to correctly identify and classify violations related to the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. - Ensure thatthe Secretariatof State for Professional Training and Employment Policyis staffed with the appropriate number of labor inspectors to conductthe targeted number oflabor inspections. + Ensure that the Secretariat of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy is staffed with the appropriate number of labor inspectors to conduct the targeted number of labor inspections. - Ensure thatcriminal and civil cases are tried in a timely manner. + Ensure that criminal and civil cases are tried in a timely manner. @@ -27447,10 +28099,10 @@ age 17 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Institute programs to address child labor and the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation. - Improve access to education by eliminating school related fees,providing safe and healthy sanitation facilities - especially for girls - and establishing a mechanism to enforce attendance. + Improve access to education by eliminating school related fees, providing safe and healthy sanitation facilities - especially for girls - and establishing a mechanism to enforce attendance. - Ensure thatsocial programs receive adequate funding to be fully implemented, including the Child Labor Education and Outreach Program. + Ensure that social programs receive adequate funding to be fully implemented, including the Child Labor Education and Outreach Program. Ensure that schools provide safe and healthy bathroom facilities for girls after they hit puberty. @@ -27459,7 +28111,7 @@ age 17 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Create a centralized database to capture human trafficking data that is accessible to all relevant government stakeholders. - Ensure that pregnant girls have assess to education, including transfer documents. + Ensure that pregnant girls have access to education, including transfer documents. @@ -27488,13 +28140,7 @@ age 17 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Sub-Saharan Africa No Minimal Advancement - In -2019, Togo made aminimal advancement in its efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The governmentsigned atripartite agreement with the Governments ofBenin and Burkina Fasoto increase cooperation on efforts to combat child trafficking. However, -children in Togo engage in the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual -exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage -in child labor in domestic work. The government has not devoted sufficient -resources to combat child labor, and labor inspectors are not authorized to -assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child labor were not active during the reporting period, and the government does not collect and publish data related to its efforts to enforce child labor laws. + In 2019, Togo made a minimal advancement in its efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government signed a tripartite agreement with the Governments of Benin and Burkina Faso to increase cooperation on efforts to combat child trafficking. However, children in Togo engage in the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. The government has not devoted sufficient resources to combat child labor, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child labor were not active during the reporting period, and the government does not collect and publish data related to its efforts to enforce child labor laws. @@ -27572,10 +28218,10 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -27597,56 +28243,63 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child - $71,851 (10) - 128 (10) - No (10) - Yes (10) - N/A (10) - Yes (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - 716 (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) - Yes (10) + $71,851 + 128 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 716 + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes N/A - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Unknown (10) - Yes (10) + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Publishdata oncriminal law enforcement efforts, includingthe number of investigations conducted, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - Strengthen the labor inspectorateby authorizing the inspectorate to assess penalties. + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing the inspectorate to assess penalties. - Ensure that criminal labor lawenforcement officials receive refresher coursesand that all regional offices have copies of relevant laws related to child labor. + Ensure that criminal labor law enforcement officials receive refresher courses and that all regional offices have copies of relevant laws related to child labor. - Enforce penalties for criminal violations, such as child trafficking, according to the law. + Enforce legal penalties for criminal violations, such as child trafficking. - Ensure thatlabor inspectors have the time and resources to carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring of labor laws throughout the country, including in the informal sector. + Ensure that labor inspectors have the time and resources to carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring of labor laws throughout the country, including in the informal sector. - Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient financial and physical resources toadequately enforce criminal laws against child labor. + Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient financial and physical resources to adequately enforce criminal laws against child labor. - Publish information about the number and type of inspections conducted, as well asthe number of child labor penalties that were imposed and collected. + Publish information about the number and type of inspections conducted, as well as the number of child labor penalties that were imposed and collected. + + + N/A + + Provide coordinating bodies with sufficient resources to implement their mandates to combat child labor. @@ -27654,7 +28307,7 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child - Ensure that policies are implemented as intended and that child labor indicators are included in all relevant policies. + Ensure child labor is integrated into all relevant policies. Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Sector Plan. @@ -27665,13 +28318,13 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child - Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; ensuring that schools are free from sexual and physical violence; and increasing the number of schools, especially in rural areas. + Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; ensuring that schools are free from sexual and physical violence; and increasing the number of schools. Ensure that social protection programs to combat child labor receive adequate funding, are sufficient to address the scope of the problem in all relevant sectors, and promote the long-term sustainability of project initiatives. - Ensure thatall social programs are implemented as intended and publish data on their activities. + Ensure that all social programs are implemented and that data is published on their activities. Ensure that social programs focus on alleviating poverty and promoting education rather than targeting specific sectors of child labor. @@ -27690,7 +28343,7 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child Asia and the Pacific No Advancement - Research found no evidence that child labor exists in Tokelau, and in 2019, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor.The government has not establishedadequatelegal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor, as the law does not criminally prohibit forced labor and child trafficking. In addition, Tokelau has not established a minimum age for work and does not prohibit hazardous occupations and activities for children. + Research found no evidence that child labor exists in Tokelau, and in 2019, the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor, as the law does not criminally prohibit forced labor and child trafficking. In addition, Tokelau has not established a minimum age for work and does not prohibit hazardous occupations for children. @@ -27742,10 +28395,10 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child No - N/A*† + N/A No - N/A*† + N/A Yes @@ -27766,18 +28419,57 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Establish a reliable transportation program to ensure that children are able to attend school. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - Establish a minimum age for work that meets international standards and conformsto the compulsory education age. + Establish a minimum age for work that meets international standards and conforms to the compulsory education age. Ensure that laws prohibit the trafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require the use of force to be established for the crime of trafficking. @@ -27789,7 +28481,7 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child Establish laws that criminally prohibit forced labor, including debt bondage, the sale and trafficking of children, and slavery. - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. @@ -27797,7 +28489,7 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child - Publish activities undertaken to implementthe United Nations Pacific Strategy. + Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy. @@ -27812,22 +28504,8 @@ assess penalties for child labor violations. Coordinating bodies to combat child https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tonga Asia and the Pacific No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Tonga made a minimal -advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Education continued its program to increase access to education for children with disabilities. However, despite new initiatives to address -child labor, Tonga is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it -continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the -worst forms of child labor. Research indicates there are no labor inspectors and there is no legal authority to conduct labor inspections.Labor -inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their -absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Additionally, -the government has not ratified ILO C. 182. Children engage in the worst forms -of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a -result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in -agriculture and fishing. Gaps in the legal framework also remain; the country -has no laws specifying a minimum age for work or defining hazardous forms of -work for children under age 18, leaving children unprotected from labor -exploitation. In addition, the government has not established a policy or -program to address child labor, including its worst forms. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Tonga made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Education continued its program to increase access to education for children with disabilities. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Tonga is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Research indicates there are no labor inspectors and there is no legal authority to conduct labor inspections. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Additionally, the government has not ratified ILO C. 182. Children engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in farming and fishing. Gaps in the legal framework also remain; the country has no laws specifying a minimum age for work or defining hazardous forms of work for children under age 18, leaving children unprotected from labor exploitation. In addition, the government has not integrated child labor elimination and prevention strategies into a policy or program to address child labor, including its worst forms. @@ -27905,10 +28583,10 @@ program to address child labor, including its worst forms. No - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -27930,31 +28608,33 @@ program to address child labor, including its worst forms. - $0 (5) - 0 (5) - No (5) - N/A (5) + $0 + 0 + No + N/A N/A - No (5) - 0 (5) - 0 (5) - 0 (5) - 0 (5) - 0 (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - Yes (5) - No (5) - Unknown (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - N/A (5) - Yes (5) + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + No + No + No + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -27965,7 +28645,7 @@ program to address child labor, including its worst forms. Establish labor regulations that include a minimum age of 15 for employment and a minimum age of 18 for hazardous work, in accordance with international standards. - Create and publish a list ofhazardous occupations and activities that are prohibited for children. + Create and publish a list of hazardous occupations and activities that are prohibited for children. Ensure that the law criminally prohibits all forms of forced labor, including debt bondage and slavery. @@ -27992,7 +28672,7 @@ program to address child labor, including its worst forms. Ratify the Palermo Protocol. - Ensure that the law prohibitsthe use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. @@ -28000,22 +28680,16 @@ program to address child labor, including its worst forms. Publish information on criminal law enforcement activities, efforts, and relevant data. - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating routine inspections rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received. + Provide labor authorities and criminal investigators with the training and resources necessary to enforce laws prohibiting child labor, including laws related to the worst forms of child labor and refresher courses. - Provide labor inspectors and criminal investigators with the training and resources necessary to enforce laws prohibiting child labor, including laws related to the worst forms of child labor and refresher courses. - - - Establish formal referral mechanisms among the labor inspectorate, the police, and social welfare services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, including its worst forms. + Establish formal referral mechanisms among the labor authorities, the police, and social welfare services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, including its worst forms. Hire and train labor inspectors to conduct workplace inspections and enforce child labor laws, including the position of Chief Labor Inspector. - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Establish and funda labor inspectorate with the authority to conduct labor inspections. + Establish and fund a labor inspectorate with the authority to conduct labor inspections, including routine inspections rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received, and assess penalties for child labor violations. @@ -28025,7 +28699,7 @@ program to address child labor, including its worst forms. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies intorelevant policies. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies. @@ -28052,11 +28726,7 @@ program to address child labor, including its worst forms. Middle East and North Africa No Moderate Advancement - In -2019, Tunisia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst -forms of child labor. The government drafted a bill regulating the work of private recruitment agencies that send Tunisians to work abroad, creating new positions to monitor the activities of these agencies and note any fraud committed.It alsopublished a new hazardous work list. In addition, it investigatedallegations of child trafficking—including forced labor—at the Koranic association in Regueb in 2019, subsequentlyshutting down 11 other associations operating unauthorized Koranic schools in 6different governorates. However, children in Tunisia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including scavenging for garbage and inforced labor in domestic work and begging, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work.The law’s minimum age -protectionscannot be enforced with respect tochildren who are engaged in work in the informal -sectoron inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the property owner or a court order to access the property. The government also failed to provide data on its criminal law enforcement efforts. + In 2019, Tunisia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government drafted a bill regulating the work of private recruitment agencies that send Tunisians to work abroad, creating new positions to monitor the activities of these agencies and note any fraud committed. It also published a new hazardous work list. In addition, it investigated allegations of child trafficking—including forced labor—at the Koranic association in Regueb in 2019, subsequently shutting down 11 other associations operating unauthorized Koranic schools in 6 different governorates. However, children in Tunisia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and begging, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in scavenging for garbage and in street work. The law’s minimum age protections cannot be enforced with respect to children who are engaged in work in the informal sector on inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the property owner or a court order to access the property. The government also failed to provide data on its criminal law enforcement efforts.F124 @@ -28159,23 +28829,24 @@ sectoron inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the pr - $5,310,000 (47,48) - 331 (21) - Yes (21) - Yes (47,48) - N/A (21) - Yes (47,48) - 11,960† (21) - 11,960† (21) - 39 (21) + $5,310,000 + 331 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 11,960† + 11,960† + 39 Unknown Unknown - Yes (21) - Yes (21) - Yes (21) - Yes (21) - Yes (21) - Yes (47,48) + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown @@ -28184,11 +28855,12 @@ sectoron inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the pr Unknown Unknown Unknown + Unknown - Provide adequate resources, including fuel and transportation,for the labor inspectorate to conduct additional inspections, particularly in remote areas and in the informal economy. + Provide adequate resources, including fuel and transportation, for the labor inspectorate to conduct additional inspections, particularly in remote areas and in the informal economy. Ensure that mechanisms exist to enforce the minimum age protections for children on inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the property owner or a court order. @@ -28200,9 +28872,24 @@ sectoron inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the pr Increase penalties for those who employ children in violation of child labor law protections to reduce recidivism. - Collect and publishinformation on the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + Collect and publish information on the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Address barriers to education, especially for girls in rural areas, such as unreliable transportation, household poverty, physical violence, and religious custom. @@ -28211,10 +28898,7 @@ sectoron inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the pr Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including in agriculture, fishing, commerce, manufacturing, domestic labor, and construction. - Make the microdata of the 2017 National Child Labor Survey publicly available so that they can be used to inform programming and policies. - - - Ensure that steps are taken to implement existing social programs, including Shelters and Services for Victims of Human Trafficking, and Programs to Reduce School Dropout Rates. + Publish the microdata of the 2017 National Child Labor Survey so that they can be used to inform programming and policies. @@ -28308,10 +28992,7 @@ sectoron inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the pr Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Tuvalu made a moderate -advancement in efforts toeliminate the worst forms of child labor. The governmentratified ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor and conducted a baseline survey to map and assess its child protection system. Tuvalualso significantlyincreased the budget for its labor inspectorate during the reporting period. However,although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Tuvalu engage in child labor in fishing and domestic work. The governmenthas not specified, by national law or regulation, the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms -of child labor. In addition, Tuvalu lacks data to determine the prevalence and nature of -child labor in the country. + In 2019, Tuvalu made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government ratified ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor and conducted a baseline survey to map and assess its child protection system. Tuvalu also significantly increased the budget for its labor inspectorate during the reporting period. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Tuvalu engage in child labor in fishing and domestic work. The government has not specified, by national law or regulation, the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Tuvalu lacks data to determine the prevalence and nature of child labor in the country. @@ -28389,16 +29070,16 @@ child labor in the country. Yes - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A Yes @@ -28414,31 +29095,33 @@ child labor in the country. - $62,000 (3) - 4 (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - N/A (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - Unknown (3) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - 0 (3) - Yes (3) + $62,000 + 4 + Unknown + Unknown + N/A + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + 0 @@ -28446,7 +29129,7 @@ child labor in the country. Ratify UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict, UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and the Palermo Protocol. - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for all children in consultation with employers' and workers’ organizations. + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for all children in consultation with employers' and workers’ organizations. Establish by law free basic public education. @@ -28455,6 +29138,16 @@ child labor in the country. Ensure that the law prescribes a harsher punishment for individuals involved in the trafficking of children than for those involved in the trafficking of adults. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. @@ -28468,7 +29161,7 @@ child labor in the country. Publish information about the training system for investigators. - Publish labor law enforcement information, includingability to assess penalties, initial training for new labor inspectors, the number of laborinspections conducted, and thenumber of unannounced inspections. + Publish labor law enforcement information, including ability to assess penalties, initial training for new labor inspectors, the number of labor inspections conducted, and the number of unannounced inspections. @@ -28483,15 +29176,8 @@ child labor in the country. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uganda Sub-Saharan Africa No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Uganda made a minimal advancement in efforts to combat the worst forms of child labor. Thegovernment adopteda new National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor, and the Anti-Human Trafficking National Task Force published updated regulations to prevent trafficking in persons and drafted a new national action plan against human trafficking. In addition,the governmentapproved funding toincrease services to street children working in Kampala.However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Uganda is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because the government failed to take active measures to prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials,including police and immigration officers,who participate in or facilitatethe worstforms of child labor, including child trafficking.Despite public acknowledgementby the Speaker of Parliament of official complicity in child trafficking, no government officials have been held accountable for their role in facilitatingchild trafficking. Children in Uganda engage -in the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children -also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining and agriculture. The lack of a centralized supervisoryauthority, and inadequate funding, training, and -resources, hampered the capacity of law enforcement agencies to conduct child -labor inspections and investigations. Gaps in the legal framework persist, -including insufficient laws regulating the minimum age for employment and hazardous work. In -addition, existing programs are inadequate to address child labor in the -country. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Uganda made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted a new National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor, and the Anti-Human Trafficking National Task Force published updated regulations to prevent trafficking in persons and drafted a new national action plan against human trafficking. In addition, the government approved funding to increase services to street children working in Kampala. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Uganda is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it implemented a regression in practice that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to take active measures to prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials, including police and immigration officers, who participate in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. Despite public acknowledgement by the Speaker of Parliament of official complicity in child trafficking, no government officials have been held accountable for their role in facilitating child trafficking. Children in Uganda engage in the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. The lack of a centralized supervisory authority, and inadequate funding, training, and resources, hampered the capacity of law enforcement agencies to conduct child labor inspections and investigations. Gaps in the legal framework persist, including insufficient laws regulating the minimum age for employment and hazardous work. In addition, existing programs are inadequate to address child labor in the country. Gold @@ -28651,10 +29337,10 @@ country. Yes - Yes* + Yes No - Yes* + Yes Yes @@ -28670,37 +29356,39 @@ country. No - 13‡ + 13 No No Unknown - 81 (3) - No (3) - Yes (3) + 81 + No + Yes N/A - Yes (3) + Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - No (3) + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No N/A - No (3) + No Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (3) + Yes + Unknown @@ -28714,7 +29402,7 @@ country. Ensure that all children are protected by a minimum age law, including children who do not work under a formal employment relationship. - Ensure that the law requires free, compulsory education up to age 16 so that it is commensurate with the minimum age for work. + Ensure that the law requires free, compulsory education up to age 16 so that it is commensurate with the minimum age for work. Align child trafficking in persons laws with international standards by ensuring that force, fraud, or coercion are not required elements in child trafficking cases. @@ -28725,19 +29413,22 @@ country. - Ensure coordination between theMinistry of Gender, Labor, and Social Developmentand the Ministry of Local Government so that labor dispute cases are referred to the Industrial Court. + Ensure coordination between the Ministry of Gender, Labor, and Social Development and the Ministry of Local Government so that labor dispute cases are referred to the Industrial Court. - Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s funding, number of labor inspections conducted, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor penalties imposed, and number of penalties collected. + Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s funding, number of labor inspections conducted, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor penalties imposed, and number of penalties collected. - Publish disaggregated data on prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, number of investigations, and number of violationsfor the worst forms of child labor. + Publish disaggregated data on prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, number of investigations, and number of violations for the worst forms of child labor. - Enhance the authority of the labor inspectorate by enabling it to assess penalties and ensure the inspectorate is utilizing its existing authorities to inspect private farms and homes and to conduct routine and unannounced inspections. + Enhance the authority of the labor inspectorate by enabling it to assess penalties and ensure the inspectorate is utilizing its existing authorities to inspect private farms and homes and to conduct sufficient routine and unannounced inspections. - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and increase the number of personnel responsible for investigating criminal violations of laws related to child labor. + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and increase the number of personnel responsible for investigating criminal violations of laws related to child labor. + + + Provide the labor inspectorate with sufficient funding and resources at the district level to ensure inspectors are present in all districts and are able to carry out their duties. Strengthen mechanisms for referring street children, including potential human trafficking victims, to social services providers, and prevent these children from being detained by police. @@ -28749,23 +29440,23 @@ country. Ensure that child labor cases reach the Industrial Court and that penalties are assessed by addressing monitoring issues, combating corruption, and improving the court's reach outside of urban centers. - Improve coordination between national and district level child labor enforcement bodies to ensure that relevant data is shared, child labor inspections are prioritized across the country, and funding for laborinspectorate operations is adequate in all districts. + Improve coordination between national and district level child labor enforcement bodies to ensure that relevant data is shared, child labor inspections are prioritized across the country, and funding for labor inspectorate operations is adequate in all districts. - Ensure thatinvestigators follow up on child labor claims and do not criminalize or detain victims of child labor. + Ensure that investigators follow up on child labor claims and do not criminalize or detain victims of child labor. - Provide sufficient training to labor inspectors, initial training to new criminal investigators, and refresher training to existing investigators, to ensure officials understand and are able to identify, categorize, andinvestigate child labor cases. + Provide sufficient training to labor inspectors, initial training to new criminal investigators, and refresher training to existing investigators, to ensure officials understand and are able to identify, categorize, and investigate child labor cases. - Ensure that coordinating mechanisms are active andsufficiently funded to be able to operate and carry out their mandates. + Ensure that coordinating mechanisms are active and sufficiently funded to be able to operate and carry out their mandates. - Ensure that district labor action plans reflectthe Ministry of Gender, Labor, and Social Development'spriorities. + Ensure that district labor action plans reflect the Ministry of Gender, Labor, and Social Development's priorities. Ensure that existing policies addressing child labor are implemented as intended. @@ -28773,7 +29464,7 @@ country. - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children byeliminating costs for supplies, uniforms and materials; addressing physical and sexual violence; and ensuring sufficient teachers, infrastructure and transportation in rural areas. + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by eliminating costs for supplies, uniforms and materials; addressing physical and sexual violence; and ensuring sufficient teachers, infrastructure and transportation in rural areas. Ensure the availability of shelters for victims of child labor, including child trafficking victims. @@ -28797,8 +29488,8 @@ country. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ukraine Europe and Eurasia No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Ukraine made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted the Resolution on the Social Protection of Children and Urgent Measures to Protect the Rights of the Child, which includes a provision to address the participation of children in armed conflict.The governmentalso cooperated with municipal leaders and international organizations to conduct mine safety education programs for children and provide security guarantees for demining activities near educational facilities. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Ukraine is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it implemented a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In August 2019, the government issued Cabinet of Ministers Decree No. 823, which requires that businesses receive notification at least5 working days in advance of an onsite labor inspection; this decree prevents Ukraine's State Labor Inspectorate from conducting unannounced inspections. Children in Ukraine engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of pornography. Children alsoperform dangerous tasks in mining. Criminal investigators are prohibited from entering workplaces in response to allegations of criminal child labor violations unless credible evidence of human trafficking exists. Furthermore, the government collected few of the financial penalties imposed for child labor violations and lacked social programs designed to assist children engaged in hazardous work in mining. Children living in Russian-controlled areas in theeast of the country are increasingly vulnerable to exploitation, and the Government of Ukraine's overall capacity to address the worst forms of child labor is concurrently decreased due to the ongoing conflict. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Ukraine made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted the Resolution on the Social Protection of Children and Urgent Measures to Protect the Rights of the Child, which includes a provision to address the participation of children in armed conflict. The government also cooperated with municipal leaders and international organizations to conduct mine safety education programs for children and provide security guarantees for demining activities near educational facilities. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Ukraine is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it implemented a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In August 2019, the government issued Cabinet of Ministers Decree No. 823, which requires that businesses receive notification at least5 working days in advance of an onsite labor inspection; this decree prevents Ukraine's State Labor Inspectorate from conducting unannounced inspections. Children in Ukraine engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of pornography. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Criminal investigators are prohibited from entering workplaces in response to allegations of criminal child labor violations unless credible evidence of human trafficking exists. Furthermore, the government collected few of the financial penalties imposed for child labor violations and lacked social programs designed to assist children engaged in hazardous work in mining. Children living in Russian-controlled areas in the east of the country are increasingly vulnerable to exploitation, and the Government of Ukraine's capacity to address the worst forms of child labor in these areas is non-existent due to the ongoing conflict. Amber @@ -28917,42 +29608,44 @@ country. Yes - 17‡ + 17 No Yes - $23.4 million (3) - 727 (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - 16,150‡ (3) - 16,150‡ (3) - 146‡ (3) - 25‡ (3) + $23.4 million + 727 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 16,150‡ + 16,150‡ + 146‡ + 25‡ Unknown - Yes(40) - Yes (40) - No (42) + Yes + Yes + No Unknown - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Unknown (3) - 8† (3) - 33‡ (3) - Unknown (3) - Yes (3) + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unknown + 8 + 33 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor. + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor. @@ -28963,7 +29656,7 @@ country. Ensure there are sufficient resources for Centers for Social Services for Family, Youth, and Children for child victims of human trafficking. - Establish a procedure to implement the law empowering any civil registry office to issue a Ukrainian birth registration on the basis of a birth certificate issued in non-government controlled areas of Donetsk and Luhansk. + Establish a procedure to implement the law empowering any civil registry office to issue a Ukrainian birth registration on the basis of a birth certificate issued in areas of Donetsk and Luhansk under the control of Russia-led forces. Ensure refugee children are allowed to receive services at state-run children's shelters and can be registered at birth. @@ -28974,16 +29667,16 @@ country. - Track and publish data onthe number of investigations,convictions, and penalties imposed for criminal violations of child labor laws. + Track and publish data on the number of investigations, convictions, and penalties imposed for criminal violations of child labor laws. - Authorize theState Labor Inspectorate to enforce collection of delinquent penalties to ensure that all penalties imposed are collected. + Authorize the State Labor Service to enforce collection of delinquent penalties to ensure that all penalties imposed are collected. Ensure that all labor inspectors, including those working outside the capital, receive training on child trafficking. - Increase the number of labor inspectors and funding for the State Labor Inspectorate to ensure the labor inspectorate has adequate capacity to address the scope of the child labor problem. + Increase the number of labor inspectors and funding for the State Labor Service to ensure the labor inspectorate has adequate capacity to address the scope of the child labor problem. Empower criminal investigators to enter workplaces in response to all allegations of criminal child labor violations. @@ -28992,7 +29685,7 @@ country. Ensure that labor inspectors employed by regional governments receive adequate training that is consistent with that provided to labor inspectors employed by the State Labor Service. - Strengthen the labor inspection system by removing restrictions on labor inspectors' authorityto conduct unannouncedonsite inspections, both proactively and in response to complaints. + Strengthen the labor inspection system by removing restrictions on labor inspectors' authority to conduct unannounced onsite inspections, both proactively and in response to complaints. Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. @@ -29003,7 +29696,7 @@ country. Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including hazardous child labor in mining. - Implement the National Action Plan for Implementation of UN CRC. + Implement all policies addressing child labor, including the National Action Plan for Implementation of UN CRC. @@ -29024,7 +29717,7 @@ country. Asia and the Pacific No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Uzbekistan made amoderate advancement inefforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government took active measures to prevent the use of child labor in the cotton harvest, including by introducing criminal penalties for repeat violations of hazardous work prohibitions, doubling the number of labor inspectors, establishing a new National Commission on Combating Trafficking in Persons and Forced Labor, adopting a new roadmap to combat trafficking in persons and forced labor, and conducting extensive awareness-raising on child labor laws and penalties for violations.However, children in Uzbekistan still engage in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation. Althoughthe government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, laws prohibiting the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards. Uzbekistan also has not carried out a national child labor survey to determine the prevalence of child labor in sectors other than cotton production. + In 2019, Uzbekistan made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government took active measures to prevent the use of child labor in the cotton harvest, including by introducing criminal penalties for repeat violations of hazardous work prohibitions, doubling the number of labor inspectors, and conducting extensive awareness-raising on child labor laws and penalties for violations. The government also established a new National Commission on Combating Trafficking in Persons and Forced Labor and adopting a new roadmap to combat trafficking in persons and forced labor. However, children in Uzbekistan engage in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, laws prohibiting the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards. Uzbekistan also has not carried out a national child labor survey to determine the prevalence of child labor in sectors other than cotton production. Cotton @@ -29134,37 +29827,39 @@ country. Yes - 18‡ + 18 No Yes - $300,000 (11) - 400 (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - 5,392 (11) - 5,392(11) - 21 (11) - 21 (11) - 21 (11) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (35) - Yes (3,42) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - Yes (3) - 2 (2,11) - 33 (3) - 2† (2) - 1† (2) - Yes (3) + $300,000 + 400 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 5,392 + 5,392 + 21 + 21 + 21 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 2 + 33 + 2 + 1 + Yes + Yes @@ -29191,23 +29886,26 @@ country. - Continue to increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Continue to increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors conduct self-initiated unannounced inspections in all sectors, even if no complaint has been filed. - Ensure that labor inspectors conductself-initiated unannounced inspections in all sectors, even if no complaint has been filed. + Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts related to all forms of child labor, including child victims of human trafficking. - Publishdata on criminal law enforcement efforts related to all forms ofchild labor, including child victims of human trafficking. + Continue to build public trust in feedback mechanisms for reporting labor abuse in the cotton harvest by ensuring that complaints can be registered anonymously over the phone. - Ensure that local NGOs monitoring child labor, forced labor,and otherlabor rights issuesare able to register, and sanction officials who harass or intimidate labor rights activists. + Ensure that local NGOs monitoring child labor, forced labor, and other labor rights issues are able to register, and sanction officials who harass or intimidate labor rights activists. - Monitor implementation of the new cluster system to ensure farmers are not coerced to enter into contracts with certain clusters. + Monitor implementation of the new cluster system to ensure farmers are not coerced to enter into contracts with certain clusters or produce cotton under terms that create high risk for exploitative labor. @@ -29223,7 +29921,7 @@ country. Asia and the Pacific No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Vanuatu made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, Vanuatu acceded to ILO C. 138, setting the minimum age for work at 14. Although research is limited, children in Vanuatu engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in forestry. Vanuatu’s minimum age for hazardous work of age 15 is too low to comply with international standards. Vanuatu also lacks a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social service providers. In addition, the Government of Vanuatu did not respond to requests for information for this report. + In 2019, Vanuatu made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, Vanuatu acceded to ILO C. 138, setting the minimum age for work at 14. Although research is limited, children in Vanuatu engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in forestry. Vanuatu’s minimum age for hazardous work of age 15 is too low to comply with international standards. Vanuatu also lacks a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social service providers. In addition, the Government of Vanuatu did not respond to requests for information for this report. @@ -29301,16 +29999,16 @@ country. No - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A - N/A† + N/A No - N/A† + N/A No @@ -29326,31 +30024,33 @@ country. - Unknown (1) - 4(6) - No (8) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Yes(8) - Yes (1) - Yes (1) - No (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - Unknown (1) - No (1) + Unknown + 4 + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown @@ -29398,7 +30098,7 @@ country. - Ensurethat all policies are allocated funding and implemented as intended to address all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + Ensure that all policies are allocated funding and implemented as intended to address all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Ensure that social services providers are registered and follow a standard set of procedures in providing care to vulnerable children. @@ -29417,7 +30117,7 @@ country. - Train labor inspectors on enforcing child labor laws and train criminal investigators on enforcing laws prohibiting the worst forms of child labor, and make the results of these efforts public. + Train labor inspectors on enforcing child labor laws and train criminal investigators on enforcing laws prohibiting the worst forms of child labor, and make the results of these efforts public. Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring the ability to assess penalties and initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. @@ -29432,7 +30132,7 @@ country. Publish information on the number of criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions made, and penalties imposed. - Ensure thatthe Child Deskhas adequate financial and human resources to develop and integrate national planning initiatives for child protection policies. + Ensure that the Child Desk has adequate financial and human resources to develop and integrate national planning initiatives for child protection policies. @@ -29562,7 +30262,7 @@ country. Europe and Eurasia No Assessment - For the 2019 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Wallis and Futuna’s efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the country has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. + For the 2019 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Wallis and Futuna’s efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the country has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. Yes @@ -29622,10 +30322,10 @@ country. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A N/A @@ -29646,6 +30346,62 @@ country. Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + NA NA @@ -29658,13 +30414,7 @@ country. Middle East and North Africa No Minimal Advancement - In 2019, the -Palestinian Authority made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the -worst forms of child labor in the areas of the West Bank under its control. It cooperated with the United Nations Children's Fund and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East to provide educational services to 325,000 students and psychosocial support to over 97,000 children. However, children in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip engage in the worst forms -of child labor, including in construction and illicit activities. Children also -engage in child labor in street vending. The legal framework does not -criminally prohibit all elements of child trafficking, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties.In addition, programs to -prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. + In 2019, the Palestinian Authority made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor in the areas of the West Bank under its control. It cooperated with the United Nations Children's Fund and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East to provide educational services to 325,000 students and psychosocial support to over 97,000 children. However, children in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in construction and, illicit activities. Children also engage in child labor in street vending. The Palestinian Authority’s legal framework does not criminally prohibit all elements of child trafficking, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, Palestinian Authority programs to prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. @@ -29742,16 +30492,16 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A - Yes† + Yes 18 No - Yes† + Yes No @@ -29769,7 +30519,7 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Unknown Unknown - No (33) + No Unknown N/A Unknown @@ -29780,10 +30530,11 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (33) + Yes Unknown - Yes (10) - Yes (10) + Yes + Yes + N/A Unknown N/A Unknown @@ -29791,7 +30542,8 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Unknown Unknown Unknown - Yes (10) + Yes + Unknown @@ -29816,31 +30568,31 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Ensure that child labor laws are enforced in the Gaza Strip. - Publish information on the labor and criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the amount of funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections, the training provided to inspectors and investigators, the number of child labor violations, and penalties issued and collected,and the number of investigations, prosecutions, and convictions. + Publish information on the labor and criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the amount of funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections, the training provided to inspectors and investigators, the number of child labor violations, and penalties issued and collected, and the number of investigations, prosecutions, and convictions. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - Provide further resources and staff to theMinistry of Laborandthe Ministry of Social Affairsto conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations. + Provide further resources and staff to the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Social Affairs to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations. - Ensure that Child Protection Networksare able to carry out their intended mandates. + Ensure that Child Protection Networks are able to carry out their intended mandates. - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Policy Agenda and ensure thatit is implemented. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Policy Agenda and ensure that it is implemented. - Expand programs to improve access to education; for example,ensure that children are not subject to violence, schools are weather-proof, and delays at checkpoints are not prohibitive. + Expand programs to improve access to education; for example, ensure that children are not subject to violence, schools are weather-proof, and delays at checkpoints are not prohibitive. - Ensure thatMinistry ofLabor'ssocial programs are implemented including vocational centers. + Ensure that Ministry of Labor's social programs are implemented including vocational centers. Expand programs to further address child labor, specifically in construction, street work, illicit activities, and agriculture. @@ -29859,7 +30611,7 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Middle East and North Africa Minimal Advancement - In 2019, Morocco made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Kingdom of Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the area that it controls by the same constitution, laws, and structures as in internationally-recognized Morocco, including laws that deal with child labor. The government adopted Law 51.17, which reinforces compulsory education for children ages 4 to 16and significantly increased the number of prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor from 5 cases in 2018 to 170 cases in 2019. However, children in Morocco engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced domestic work. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture and producing artisanal handicrafts. Laws related to the minimum age for work and the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, research could not determine whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Furthermore, the scope of government programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + In 2019, Morocco made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Kingdom of Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the area that it controls by the same constitution, laws, and structures as in internationally-recognized Morocco, including laws that deal with child labor. The government of Morocco adopted Law 51.17, which reinforces compulsory education for children ages 4 to 16and significantly increased the number of prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor. However, children in Western Sahara engage in the worst forms of child labor, including forced domestic work. Children also engage in child labor in producing artisanal handicrafts. Laws related to the minimum age for work and the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards, and the scope of government programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. Yes @@ -29943,18 +30695,62 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Yes + + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Ensure that laws prohibit children from being used, procured for, or offered in illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age18 are comprehensive, including work that may be undertaken in conditions that harm children’s health, safety, and morals. + Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age18 are comprehensive, including work that may be undertaken in conditions that harm children’s health, safety, and morals. Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children who are self-employed, work for artisan and handicraft businesses with fewer than five employees, or work on private farms and in residences. + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + + + + N/A + + Conduct a comprehensive study of children's work activities to inform policies and practices to determine whether they are engaged in or at risk of becoming involved in child labor, and determine the number of child laborers and their education levels. @@ -29968,9 +30764,9 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. - - - + Yes + No + Yes @@ -29978,8 +30774,8 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/yemen Middle East and North Africa No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2019, Yemen made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Republic of Yemen government progressed in its implementation of the Action Plan to End and Prevent the Recruitment of Children by the Yemeni Armed Forces by appointing 90 child protection focal points within the Yemeni armed forces and training 40 of them to identify children within their ranks. Additionally, the government released 25 children conscripted by Houthi forces and subsequently captured to the Marib interim care center for rehabilitation. Despite these initiatives to address child labor, Yemen is receiving this assessment because it continued to implement practices that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. There is evidence of recruitment and use of children in hostilities by state armed forces in contravention of Yemeni law, despite government efforts to counter child soldier recruitment. Furthermore, the government failed to make efforts to address discrimination in schools against children from the Muhamasheen community, leading to their increased vulnerability to child labor. Children in Yemen engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and armed conflict, including by Houthi insurgent forces and other armed groups. Children also engage in child labor in fishing. Research found no evidence of a policy on other worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation and child trafficking. + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2019, Yemen made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Republic of Yemen Government progressed in its implementation of the Action Plan to End and Prevent the Recruitment of Children by the Yemeni Armed Forces by appointing 90 child protection focal points within the Yemeni armed forces and training 40 of them to identify children within their ranks. In addition, the government released 25 children conscripted by Houthi forces and subsequently captured to the Marib interim care center for rehabilitation. Despite these initiatives to address child labor, Yemen is receiving this assessment because it continued to implement practices that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. There is evidence of recruitment and use of children in hostilities by state armed forces in contravention of Yemeni law and despite government efforts to counter child soldier recruitment. Furthermore, the government failed to make efforts to address discrimination in schools against children from the Muhamasheen community, leading to their increased vulnerability to child labor. Children in Yemen engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and armed conflict, including by Houthi insurgent forces and other armed groups. Children also engage in child labor in fishing. Research found no evidence of a policy on other worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation and child trafficking. Fish @@ -30067,10 +30863,10 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -30086,37 +30882,39 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Yes - 15‡ + 15 No Yes - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Yes(6) - Yes(6) - Yes(6) - Yes(6) - 182(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Yes (6) - Yes (6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - No(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Unknown(6) - Yes(6) + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 182 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + No @@ -30124,7 +30922,7 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - Ensure that forced labor andharboring, transporting, and transferring children for exploitationare criminally prohibited. + Ensure that forced labor and harboring, transporting, and transferring children for exploitation are criminally prohibited. Ensure that the law is sufficiently comprehensive to prohibit using a child for prostitution and using, procuring and offering a child for pornography and pornographic performances. @@ -30150,7 +30948,7 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Proactively identify, investigate, and remedy cases of chattel slavery. - Enforce laws prohibiting children under age 18 from joining Yemeni Armed Forces, including by implementing effective screening and age verification measures, and remove children under age 18 from engaging in combat with Yemeni Armed Forces and pro-government militias. + Enforce laws prohibiting children under age 18 from joining Yemeni Armed Forces, including by implementing effective screening and age verification measures, and remove children under age 18 in the Yemeni Armed Forces and pro-government militias from engaging in combat. @@ -30160,7 +30958,7 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. - Expand programs to improve children’s equal access to education, particularly for child survivors ofchattel slavery and child Muhamasheen. + Expand programs to improve children’s equal access to education, particularly for child survivors of chattel slavery and child Muhamasheen. Institute a rehabilitation and reintegration program for children engaged in armed conflict and children involved in other worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and fishing. @@ -30184,9 +30982,7 @@ prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Zambia made amoderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed the Employment Code Act, which harmonized the county's labor laws, and expanded the powers of the labor inspectorate, including authorization to assess penalties for labor violations.The government also established a new National Coordinating Committee for Children toenhance responseson child protection issues, including child trafficking, sexual exploitation of children, and child labor. However,children in Zambia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasksin agriculture. The Education Act does not specifya compulsory education age, and human trafficking laws are discordant with -international standards because they require threats, the use of force, or -coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspectors lack sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws. + In 2019, Zambia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed the Employment Code Act, which harmonized the county's labor laws, and expanded the powers of the labor inspectorate, including authorization to assess penalties for labor violations. The government also established a new National Coordinating Committee for Children to enhance responses on child protection issues, including child trafficking, sexual exploitation of children, and child labor. However, children in Zambia engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Education Act does not specify a compulsory education age, and human trafficking laws are discordant with international standards because they require threats, the use of force, or coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspectors lack sufficient financial and human resources to enforce child labor laws. Gems @@ -30212,6 +31008,12 @@ coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspect No No + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + @@ -30292,10 +31094,10 @@ coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspect Yes - N/A* + N/A No - N/A* + N/A Yes @@ -30317,54 +31119,56 @@ coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspect - $143,037(2) - 160(2) - Yes(2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - 615(2) - 615(2) - Unknown(2) - Unknown (2) - Unknown (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - Yes (2) - No (2) - No (2) - No (2) - 5(12) - 10(12) - 6 (12) - 1(12) - Yes (2) + $143,037 + 160 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 615 + 615 + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + No + 5 + 10 + 6 + 1 + Yes + Yes - Publish information on law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor investigations. + Publish information on law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor investigations. - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. Ensure that labor inspectors receive adequate training and resources to enforce labor laws throughout the country. - Develop andimplementconsistent procedures to screen and identifyhuman trafficking victims. + Develop and implement consistent procedures to screen and identify human trafficking victims. - Publish labor lawenforcementinformation on child labor violations found and whether penalties were assessed and collected. + Publish labor law enforcement information on child labor violations found and whether penalties were assessed and collected. Ensure that inspections cover all areas in which children work, including registered and unregistered businesses. - Ensure that criminal law enforcementinvestigators receive training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + Ensure that criminal law enforcement investigators receive training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor. @@ -30372,21 +31176,21 @@ coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspect Improve lines of communication and clarify responsibilities among agencies to improve effectiveness and referrals to social services. - Ensure that all coordinating committees, including the National Steering Committee on Child Labor and theInter-MinisterialCommittee on Anti-Human Trafficking, are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. + Ensure that all coordinating committees, including the National Steering Committee on Child Labor and the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Anti-Human Trafficking, are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - Publishchild labor data, including theresults of the child labormoduleof theLabor Force Survey, to inform policies and programs. + Publish child labor data, including the results of the child labor module of the Labor Force Survey, to inform policies and programs. - Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children by reducing distances children must travel to reach school,eliminatingauxiliary school fees,increasing birth certificate registration, and taking measures to ensure that young married girls are able to continue their education. + Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children by reducing distances children must travel to reach school, eliminating auxiliary school fees, increasing birth certificate registration, and taking measures to ensure that young married girls are able to continue their education. Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem in all relevant sectors, including agriculture, mining, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - Ensure the implementation of government-funded social programs, including the Social Cash Transfer Program. + Ensure the implementation of government-funded social programs, including the Social Cash Transfer Program. @@ -30394,10 +31198,10 @@ coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspect Determine through statutory instrument the "school-going age" for compulsory education, in line with the minimum age for work. - Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion for an actto be considered child trafficking. + Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion for an act to be considered child trafficking. - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. Determine list of light work activities for children ages 13 to 15. @@ -30405,10 +31209,10 @@ coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspect - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Policy and the National Employment and Labour Market Policy. + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Policy and the National Employment and Labor Market Policy. - Ensure implementation of key national policies. + Ensure implementation of key national policies, including the National Youth Policy and the UN’s Sustainable Development Partnership Framework. Finalize and begin implementation of the National Action Plan for Child Labor. @@ -30427,18 +31231,7 @@ coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspect Sub-Saharan Africa No Moderate Advancement - In 2019, Zimbabwe made amoderateadvancement -in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government -approved an updatedTrafficking in Persons National Plan of Action for2019-2021, and with support from UNICEF, published new data on the prevalence -of child labor in Zimbabwe. In addition, the government increased its budget -allocation by 30 percent for the Basic Education Assistance Module, which provides support -for educational costs for vulnerable children.However, children continue -toengage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial -sexual exploitation and mining, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Childrenalso engage -in child labor in agriculture. Law enforcement agencies lackresources to -enforce child labor laws. In addition, gaps remain in the country’s legal framework -against child labor, including the lack of free basic education, which -increases children’s vulnerability to child labor. + In 2019, Zimbabwe made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved an updated Trafficking in Persons National Plan of Action for2019–2021, and with support from UNICEF, published new data on the prevalence of child labor in Zimbabwe. In addition, the government initiated prosecutions related to trafficking of children. However, children engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, mining, and tobacco production, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the harvesting of sugar cane. Law enforcement agencies lack resources to enforce child labor laws. In addition, gaps remain in the country’s legal framework against child labor, including the lack of free basic education, which increases children’s vulnerability to child labor. Tobacco @@ -30548,37 +31341,39 @@ increases children’s vulnerability to child labor. No - 12‡ + 12 No No - Unknown (11) - Unknown (11) - No (11) - Unknown (11) - N/A (11) - Unknown (11) - Unknown (11) - Unknown (11) - Unknown (11) - Unknown (11) - Unknown (11) - Unknown (11) - Unknown(11) - Yes (11) - Unknown (11) - Yes (11) - Yes (11) - Unknown (11) - N/A(11) - Yes(11) - 2(23) - 3(23) - 5 (23) - Unknown (11) - Yes (11) + Unknown + Unknown + No + Unknown + N/A + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Unknown + Yes + Unknown + Yes + Yes + No + Unknown + N/A + Yes + 1 + 1 + 4 + Unknown + Yes + Unknown @@ -30589,32 +31384,32 @@ increases children’s vulnerability to child labor. Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work. - Establishfree basic education for children through age 16. + Establish free basic education for children through age 16. - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for the production of pornography andpornographic performances. + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations and enforce minimum age protections in all sectors, including agriculture. + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations and enforce minimum age protections in all sectors, including agriculture. Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for labor law violations. - Significantly increase the number of laborinspectors tomeet theILO’s technical advice. + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - Publish information about the government'slabor law enforcement efforts. + Publish information about the government's labor law enforcement efforts. - Publish information on the government's criminal law enforcement efforts, including trainings for new investigators, convictions,and whether penalties were assessed for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + Publish information on the government's criminal law enforcement efforts, including trainings for new investigators, convictions, and whether penalties were assessed for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - Ensure that child labor coordinating committees are active and receive sufficient resources to carry out their intended mandates. + Ensure that child labor coordinating committees are active and receive sufficient resources to carry out their intended mandates. @@ -30630,10 +31425,10 @@ increases children’s vulnerability to child labor. Ensure that children are registered at birth to facilitate their entrance into secondary school. - Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children by eliminating or defraying school fees and ensuring that children with disabilities have equal access to education. + Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children by eliminating or defraying school fees and ensuring children with disabilities have equal access to education. - Expandexisting social programsto address child labor, especially child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, and mining. + Expand existing social programs to address child labor, especially child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, and mining. @@ -30643,5 +31438,4 @@ increases children’s vulnerability to child labor. Yes - - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2019.xml b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2019.xml index 6ff3add..2bc59cc 100644 --- a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2019.xml +++ b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2019.xml @@ -300,15 +300,8 @@ Cambodia Asia and the Pacific Yes - No - No - - - Cambodia - Asia and the Pacific - No Yes - Yes + No China @@ -909,13 +902,6 @@ Brazil Latin America and the Caribbean Yes - No - No - - - Brazil - Latin America and the Caribbean - No Yes No @@ -1624,7 +1610,7 @@ - Fruits (Pome and Stone) + Fruit (Pome and Stone) Agriculture @@ -2218,7 +2204,7 @@ - Khat/Miraa + Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) Agriculture @@ -2228,12 +2214,6 @@ No No - - - - Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) - Agriculture - Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa @@ -2490,13 +2470,6 @@ Indonesia Asia and the Pacific Yes - No - No - - - Indonesia - Asia and the Pacific - No Yes No @@ -2888,7 +2861,7 @@ Rubber Gloves - Manufacturing + Agriculture Malaysia @@ -2982,7 +2955,7 @@ Asia and the Pacific Yes Yes - Yes + No @@ -3585,13 +3558,6 @@ China Yes - No - No - - - China - - No Yes No @@ -3860,6 +3826,13 @@ No No + + Zambia + Sub-Saharan Africa + Yes + No + No + Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa @@ -4022,4 +3995,3 @@ - diff --git a/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/MenuMain.java b/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/MenuMain.java index 1018d9c..002f0bf 100644 --- a/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/MenuMain.java +++ b/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/MenuMain.java @@ -67,22 +67,22 @@ public void onClick(View v) { ChildLaborReport.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { - Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReport.pdf")); + Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2019/SweatToil.pdf")); startActivity(intent); AppHelpers.trackScreenView((AnalyticsApplication) getApplication(), "More Information Screen"); } }); - TextView ChildLaborListGoods = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.ChildLaborListGoods); - - ChildLaborListGoods.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { - public void onClick(View v) { - Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/ListofGoods.pdf")); - startActivity(intent); - AppHelpers.trackScreenView((AnalyticsApplication) getApplication(), "More Information Screen"); - } - }); +// TextView ChildLaborListGoods = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.ChildLaborListGoods); +// +// ChildLaborListGoods.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { +// public void onClick(View v) { +// Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/ListofGoods.pdf")); +// startActivity(intent); +// AppHelpers.trackScreenView((AnalyticsApplication) getApplication(), "More Information Screen"); +// } +// }); TextView SecretaryForeword = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.SecretaryForeword); @@ -95,16 +95,16 @@ public void onClick(View v) { } }); - TextView ForcedChildLaborProducts = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.ForcedChildLaborProducts); - - ForcedChildLaborProducts.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { - public void onClick(View v) { - Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/EO_Report_2014.pdf")); - startActivity(intent); - AppHelpers.trackScreenView((AnalyticsApplication) getApplication(), "More Information Screen"); - - } - }); +// TextView ForcedChildLaborProducts = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.ForcedChildLaborProducts); +// +// ForcedChildLaborProducts.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { +// public void onClick(View v) { +// Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/EO_Report_2014.pdf")); +// startActivity(intent); +// AppHelpers.trackScreenView((AnalyticsApplication) getApplication(), "More Information Screen"); +// +// } +// }); diff --git a/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/MoreInfoActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/MoreInfoActivity.java index aef51f5..871d06e 100755 --- a/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/MoreInfoActivity.java +++ b/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/MoreInfoActivity.java @@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { default: case R.id.action_reports: setTitle("Reports"); - items = new String[]{"Foreword", "Child Labor Report", "Child and Forced Labor List of Goods", "Forced Child Labor List of Products"}; +// items = new String[]{"Foreword", "Child Labor Report", "Child and Forced Labor List of Goods", "Forced Child Labor List of Products"}; + items = new String[]{"Foreword", "Child Labor Report"}; break; /* case R.id.action_fact_sheets: setTitle("Fact Sheets"); @@ -75,14 +76,14 @@ public void onItemClick(AdapterView parent, View view, int position, long id) intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MethodologyActivity.class); break; case "Child Labor Report": - intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReport.pdf")); - break; - case "Child and Forced Labor List of Goods": - intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/ListofGoods.pdf")); - break; - case "Forced Child Labor List of Products": - intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/EO_Report_2014.pdf")); + intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2019/SweatToil.pdf")); break; +// case "Child and Forced Labor List of Goods": +// intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/ListofGoods.pdf")); +// break; +// case "Forced Child Labor List of Products": +// intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/EO_Report_2014.pdf")); +// break; case "TDA FAQs": case "TVPRA FAQs": case "EO FAQs": diff --git a/app/src/main/res/layout-land/content_main.xml b/app/src/main/res/layout-land/content_main.xml index 346ed88..c4b2d43 100755 --- a/app/src/main/res/layout-land/content_main.xml +++ b/app/src/main/res/layout-land/content_main.xml @@ -34,23 +34,23 @@ + android:tint="#000000" /> + android:tint="#000000" /> diff --git a/app/src/main/res/layout/content_good_view.xml b/app/src/main/res/layout/content_good_view.xml index 351fb4c..0491b1f 100755 --- a/app/src/main/res/layout/content_good_view.xml +++ b/app/src/main/res/layout/content_good_view.xml @@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ android:layout_height="160dp" android:layout_alignParentTop="false" android:layout_alignParentRight="false" + android:alpha=".50" android:scaleType="fitEnd" - android:src="@drawable/icons_alcoholic_beverages" - android:alpha=".25"/> + android:src="@drawable/icons_alcoholic_beverages" /> + android:tint="#000000" /> + android:tint="#000000" /> diff --git a/app/src/main/res/layout/content_menu_page.xml b/app/src/main/res/layout/content_menu_page.xml index f6f8351..324cb06 100644 --- a/app/src/main/res/layout/content_menu_page.xml +++ b/app/src/main/res/layout/content_menu_page.xml @@ -61,39 +61,15 @@ - - - - + android:focusable="true" /> + android:paddingTop="10dp" + android:paddingRight="10dp" /> + android:src="@drawable/icons_alcoholic_beverages" /> + android:alpha="1" + android:scaleType="centerInside" + android:src="@drawable/icons_alcoholic_beverages" />