Compatibility-Based Backend Selection for Optimized Circuit Fidelity

[Mehdi-Rahmani]

What should we add?

Add an option to Qiskit for selecting IBM Quantum backends based on compatibility with the circuit’s gate set, connectivity, and coherence requirements, rather than only using queue length for backend selection.
Currently, Qiskit selects the least busy backend, but this approach can be suboptimal when certain backends offer better fidelity for specific circuits based on native gate compatibility and qubit connectivity. This feature would allow for optimized execution by selecting backends that reduce decomposition, minimize swaps, and align with coherence requirements.

For example, Implementing an option in backend selection, such as optimize_for_circuit=True, which considers the circuit’s gate requirements, qubit connectivity, and coherence time of the backend. The system would evaluate the circuit against available backends to minimize transpilation complexity, swap gates, and error accumulation.

This option could improve circuit fidelity for complex circuits by reducing gate depth, error accumulation, and runtime. It would be particularly useful for users working on variational algorithms, quantum error correction, and deep quantum circuits.