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ews_ttm.html
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ews_ttm.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
<script src="ews_ttm_files/libs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script src="ews_ttm_files/libs/quarto-html/tabby.min.js"></script>
<script src="ews_ttm_files/libs/quarto-html/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="ews_ttm_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.umd.min.js"></script>
<link href="ews_ttm_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="ews_ttm_files/libs/quarto-html/light-border.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="ews_ttm_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto-html.min.css" rel="stylesheet" data-mode="light">
<link href="ews_ttm_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting.css" rel="stylesheet" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles"><meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.3.433">
<meta name="author" content="Tobias Thejll-Madsen">
<title>Errors - help!</title>
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ews_ttm_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ews_ttm_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reveal.css">
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
div.columns{display: flex; gap: min(4vw, 1.5em);}
div.column{flex: auto; overflow-x: auto;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
ul.task-list li input[type="checkbox"] {
width: 0.8em;
margin: 0 0.8em 0.2em -1em; /* quarto-specific, see https://github.com/quarto-dev/quarto-cli/issues/4556 */
vertical-align: middle;
}
/* CSS for syntax highlighting */
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span:empty { height: 1.2em; }
.sourceCode { overflow: visible; }
code.sourceCode > span { color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; }
pre.sourceCode { margin: 0; }
@media screen {
div.sourceCode { overflow: auto; }
}
@media print {
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre-wrap; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { text-indent: -5em; padding-left: 5em; }
}
pre.numberSource code
{ counter-reset: source-line 0; }
pre.numberSource code > span
{ position: relative; left: -4em; counter-increment: source-line; }
pre.numberSource code > span > a:first-child::before
{ content: counter(source-line);
position: relative; left: -1em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;
border: none; display: inline-block;
-webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none; user-select: none;
padding: 0 4px; width: 4em;
color: #aaaaaa;
}
pre.numberSource { margin-left: 3em; border-left: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding-left: 4px; }
div.sourceCode
{ color: #003b4f; background-color: #f1f3f5; }
@media screen {
pre > code.sourceCode > span > a:first-child::before { text-decoration: underline; }
}
code span { color: #003b4f; } /* Normal */
code span.al { color: #ad0000; } /* Alert */
code span.an { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Annotation */
code span.at { color: #657422; } /* Attribute */
code span.bn { color: #ad0000; } /* BaseN */
code span.bu { } /* BuiltIn */
code span.cf { color: #003b4f; } /* ControlFlow */
code span.ch { color: #20794d; } /* Char */
code span.cn { color: #8f5902; } /* Constant */
code span.co { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Comment */
code span.cv { color: #5e5e5e; font-style: italic; } /* CommentVar */
code span.do { color: #5e5e5e; font-style: italic; } /* Documentation */
code span.dt { color: #ad0000; } /* DataType */
code span.dv { color: #ad0000; } /* DecVal */
code span.er { color: #ad0000; } /* Error */
code span.ex { } /* Extension */
code span.fl { color: #ad0000; } /* Float */
code span.fu { color: #4758ab; } /* Function */
code span.im { color: #00769e; } /* Import */
code span.in { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Information */
code span.kw { color: #003b4f; } /* Keyword */
code span.op { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Operator */
code span.ot { color: #003b4f; } /* Other */
code span.pp { color: #ad0000; } /* Preprocessor */
code span.sc { color: #5e5e5e; } /* SpecialChar */
code span.ss { color: #20794d; } /* SpecialString */
code span.st { color: #20794d; } /* String */
code span.va { color: #111111; } /* Variable */
code span.vs { color: #20794d; } /* VerbatimString */
code span.wa { color: #5e5e5e; font-style: italic; } /* Warning */
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ews_ttm_files/libs/revealjs/dist/theme/quarto.css">
<link href="ews_ttm_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-line-highlight/line-highlight.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="ews_ttm_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/menu.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="ews_ttm_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/quarto-menu.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="ews_ttm_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-support/footer.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">
.callout {
margin-top: 1em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
border-radius: .25rem;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple {
padding: 0em 0.5em;
border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
border-right: solid 1px silver;
border-top: solid 1px silver;
border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
display: flex;
}
.callout.callout-style-default {
border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
border-right: solid 1px silver;
border-top: solid 1px silver;
border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
}
.callout .callout-body-container {
flex-grow: 1;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple .callout-body {
font-size: 1rem;
font-weight: 400;
}
.callout.callout-style-default .callout-body {
font-size: 0.9rem;
font-weight: 400;
}
.callout.callout-titled.callout-style-simple .callout-body {
margin-top: 0.2em;
}
.callout:not(.callout-titled) .callout-body {
display: flex;
}
.callout:not(.no-icon).callout-titled.callout-style-simple .callout-content {
padding-left: 1.6em;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-header {
padding-top: 0.2em;
margin-bottom: -0.2em;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-title p {
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-titled.callout-style-simple .callout-content p {
margin-top: 0;
}
.callout.callout-titled.callout-style-default .callout-content p {
margin-top: 0.7em;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple div.callout-title {
border-bottom: none;
font-size: .9rem;
font-weight: 600;
opacity: 75%;
}
.callout.callout-style-default div.callout-title {
border-bottom: none;
font-weight: 600;
opacity: 85%;
font-size: 0.9rem;
padding-left: 0.5em;
padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-style-default div.callout-content {
padding-left: 0.5em;
padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple .callout-icon::before {
height: 1rem;
width: 1rem;
display: inline-block;
content: "";
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 1rem 1rem;
}
.callout.callout-style-default .callout-icon::before {
height: 0.9rem;
width: 0.9rem;
display: inline-block;
content: "";
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 0.9rem 0.9rem;
}
.callout-title {
display: flex
}
.callout-icon::before {
margin-top: 1rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
.callout.no-icon::before {
display: none !important;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-body > .callout-content > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-icon::before {
margin-top: .5rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
.callout:not(.callout-titled) .callout-icon::before {
margin-top: 1rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
/* Callout Types */
div.callout-note {
border-left-color: #4582ec !important;
}
div.callout-note .callout-icon::before {
background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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');
}
div.callout-note.callout-style-default .callout-title {
background-color: #dae6fb
}
div.callout-important {
border-left-color: #d9534f !important;
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</head>
<body class="quarto-light">
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section id="title-slide" class="quarto-title-block center">
<h1 class="title">Errors - help!</h1>
<p class="subtitle">Using error messages to teach programming</p>
<div class="quarto-title-authors">
<div class="quarto-title-author">
<div class="quarto-title-author-name">
Tobias Thejll-Madsen
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<section id="errors---help" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Errors - Help!</h1>
</section>
<section id="a-familiar-scenario" class="slide level2" data-auto-animate="true">
<h2 data-id="quarto-animate-title">A familiar scenario</h2>
<p>You go to check-in on a student and see the following:</p>
</section>
<section id="a-familiar-scenario-1" class="slide level2" data-auto-animate="true">
<h2 data-id="quarto-animate-title">A familiar scenario</h2>
<p>You go to check-in on a student and see the following:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy" data-id="quarto-animate-code"><code class="sourceCode r hljs"><span id="cb1-1" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb1-1"></a><span class="co"># simulate data</span></span>
<span id="cb1-2" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb1-2"></a>d <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tibble</span>( </span>
<span id="cb1-3" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb1-3"></a> <span class="st">"Group"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">rep</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"G1"</span>, <span class="st">"G2"</span>), <span class="at">each =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>), </span>
<span id="cb1-4" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb1-4"></a> <span class="st">"ReactionT"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(<span class="dv">20</span>, <span class="dv">500</span>, <span class="dv">150</span>)) </span>
<span id="cb1-5" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb1-5"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-6" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb1-6"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(d, <span class="dv">2</span>) <span class="co"># see first two rows</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 60%; font-family: Courier New">Error in tibble(Group = rep(c(“G1”, “G2”), each = 10), ReactionT = rnorm(20, : could not find function “tibble”</span></p>
</section>
<section id="a-familiar-scenario-2" class="slide level2" data-auto-animate="true">
<h2 data-id="quarto-animate-title">A familiar scenario</h2>
<p>We realise that they did not load ‘tidyverse’, so</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy" data-id="quarto-animate-code"><code class="sourceCode r hljs"><span id="cb2-1" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb2-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb2-2" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb2-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-3" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb2-3"></a><span class="co"># simulate data</span></span>
<span id="cb2-4" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb2-4"></a>d <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tibble</span>( </span>
<span id="cb2-5" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb2-5"></a> <span class="st">"Group"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">rep</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"G1"</span>, <span class="st">"G2"</span>), <span class="at">each =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>), </span>
<span id="cb2-6" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb2-6"></a> <span class="st">"ReactionT"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(<span class="dv">20</span>, <span class="dv">500</span>, <span class="dv">150</span>)) </span>
<span id="cb2-7" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb2-7"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-8" class="hljs-ln-code"><a href="#cb2-8"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(d, <span class="dv">2</span>) <span class="co"># see first two rows</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 2 × 2
Group ReactionT
<chr> <dbl>
1 G1 453.
2 G1 519.</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="programming-errors" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Programming errors</h2>
</section>
<section id="programming-errors-1" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Programming errors</h2>
<ul>
<li>Student programming errors comes two main types (Becker et al 2019):
<ol type="1">
<li>Language specification errors (comes with an error message)</li>
<li>Program specification errors (program runs, but doesn’t do as intended)</li>
</ol></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="programming-errors-2" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Programming errors</h2>
<ul>
<li>Student programming errors comes two main types (Becker et al 2019):
<ol type="1">
<li><span style="color: red">Language specification errors</span> (comes with an error message)</li>
<li>Program specification errors (program runs, but doesn’t do as intended)</li>
</ol></li>
<li>Both are important when debugging code, but an immediate hindrance is in <span style="color: red">language specification errors</span></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="but-why-focus-on-errors" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>But why focus on errors?</h2>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Using errors in teaching has some evidence that is increase student programming ability and self-efficacy (Hoffman & Elmi, 2021; Keohler, 2020)</li>
<li class="fragment">Effectively debugging code can allow students to progress independently</li>
<li class="fragment">An excellent framing device for fostering students as self-regulated learners (for self-regulated learning, see e.g., Zimmerman, 2002)</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section id="errors-for-non-programmers" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Errors for non-programmers</h2>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment"><p>Students are used to high-stakes assessments (not used to ‘move fast and break things’-mentality)</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p><span style="color: red">Red is scary!</span></p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>Language is often convoluted and technical</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>We need to actively help create the right relationship with errors</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section id="goal" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Goal</h2>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">First time students engage with errors it should be taught and not by chance</li>
<li class="fragment">We want the first thought when seeing an error to be:
<ul>
<li class="fragment">“Great, that’s information about how I can do this cool thing”</li>
<li class="fragment">“Oh no, I’ve done something wrong - maybe coding is not for me”</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section id="how-can-we-meaningfully-use-errors" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>How can we meaningfully use errors?</h2>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Make errors an explicit part of your teaching and not something that just happens
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Introduce errors just like you introduce a function</li>
<li class="fragment">Error-full live coding</li>
<li class="fragment">Fix errors to get code to run</li>
<li class="fragment">“My favourite error”</li>
<li class="fragment">Write functions with error handling</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section id="introduce-errors-just-like-you-introduce-a-function" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Introduce errors just like you introduce a function</h2>
</section>
<section id="introduce-errors-just-like-you-introduce-a-function-1" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Introduce errors just like you introduce a function</h2>
<ul>
<li>So just as with introducing functions and it’s output</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1"></a><span class="fu">t.test</span>(<span class="at">formula =</span> ReactionT <span class="sc">~</span> Group, </span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2"></a> <span class="at">data =</span> d, <span class="at">paired =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>
Welch Two Sample t-test
data: ReactionT by Group
t = -0.20231, df = 14.752, p-value = 0.8424
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group G1 and group G2 is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
-187.3274 154.8931
sample estimates:
mean in group G1 mean in group G2
463.7446 479.9618 </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="introduce-errors-just-like-you-introduce-a-function-2" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Introduce errors just like you introduce a function</h2>
<ul>
<li>We also want to spend time on</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1"></a><span class="fu">t.test</span>(<span class="at">formula =</span> Group <span class="sc">~</span> ReactionT, </span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2"></a> <span class="at">data =</span> d, <span class="at">paired =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 60%; font-family: Courier New">Error in t.test.formula(formula = Group ~ ReactionT, data = d, paired = FALSE) : grouping factor must have exactly 2 levels</span></p>
</section>
<section id="error-full-live-coding" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Error-full live coding</h2>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Pre-plan helpful errors for live coding</li>
<li class="fragment">For instance:
<ul>
<li class="fragment">syntax/spelling errors you can easily fix</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section id="error-full-live-coding-1" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Error-full live coding</h2>
<ul>
<li>Pre-plan helpful errors for live coding</li>
<li>For instance:
<ul>
<li>syntax/spelling errors you can easily fix</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<div style="position: fixed; bottom: 1em">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1"></a><span class="fu">librarry</span>(tidyverse)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 60%; font-family: Courier New">Error in librarry(tidyverse) : could not find function “librarry”</span></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="error-full-live-coding-2" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Error-full live coding</h2>
<ul>
<li>Pre-plan helpful errors for live coding</li>
<li>For instance:
<ul>
<li>syntax/spelling errors you can easily fix</li>
<li>error that requires you to look at the <code>?help</code> (documentation)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<div style="position: fixed; bottom: 1em">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1"></a><span class="fu">rnorm</span>(<span class="at">mean =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">sd =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 60%; font-family: Courier New">Error in rnorm(mean = 0, sd = 1) : argument “n” missing, with no default</span></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="error-full-live-coding-3" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Error-full live coding</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Pre-plan helpful errors for live coding</p></li>
<li><p>For instance:</p>
<ul>
<li>syntax/spelling errors you can easily fix</li>
<li>error that requires you to look at the <code>?help</code> (documentation)</li>
<li>error that requires you to google (exact answer)</li>
</ul>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">error that requires you to google (adaption required)</li>
</ul>
</div></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="fix-errors-to-get-code-to-run" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Fix errors to get code to run</h2>
<ul>
<li>Write code with error and have student fix them:</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="fix-errors-to-get-code-to-run-1" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Fix errors to get code to run</h2>
<ul>
<li>Write code with error and have student fix them:</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3"></a><span class="co"># simulate data</span></span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4"></a>d <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tibble</span>( </span>
<span id="cb9-5"><a href="#cb9-5"></a> <span class="st">"Group"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">rep</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"G1"</span>, <span class="st">"G2"</span>), <span class="at">each =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>), </span>
<span id="cb9-6"><a href="#cb9-6"></a> <span class="st">"ReactionT"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">rnorm</span>(<span class="dv">20</span>, <span class="dv">500</span>, <span class="dv">150</span>)) %<span class="sc">></span></span>
<span id="cb9-7"><a href="#cb9-7"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="st">"Group"</span> <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">as.factor</span>(Group))</span>
<span id="cb9-8"><a href="#cb9-8"></a> </span>
<span id="cb9-9"><a href="#cb9-9"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(d, <span class="dv">2</span>) <span class="co"># see first two rows</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 60%; font-family: Courier New">Error: unexpected input in: ” “Group” = rep(c(“G1”, “G2”), each = 10), “ReactionT” = rnorm(20, 500, 150)) %>”</span></p>
</section>
<section id="my-favourite-error" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>“My favourite error”</h2>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment"><p>But we can only think of so many errors…</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>… so get help from your students!</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p><strong><em>“My favourite error”</em></strong>-activity:</p>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">students submit errors they come across during their coding</li>
<li class="fragment">you review before class</li>
<li class="fragment">choose a particularly interesting error and go through it in class</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>This can help form foundation for a <strong>community error library</strong></p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section id="write-functions-with-error-handling" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Write functions with error handling</h2>
<ul>
<li>Error messages help us think about how programming works, and what function calls do</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="write-functions-with-error-handling-1" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Write functions with error handling</h2>
<ul>
<li>Error messages help us think about how programming works, and what function calls do</li>
</ul>
<p>So when trying the off-the-shelf <code>mean()</code>-function:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1"></a>test_chr <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="st">"hello"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3"></a><span class="fu">mean</span>(test_chr)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 60%; font-family: Courier New">Warning: argument is not numeric or logical: returning NA</span></p>
</section>
<section id="write-functions-with-error-handling-2" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Write functions with error handling</h2>
<p>Let’s compare to our function from earlier:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1"></a>mean_function <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(x){</span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2"></a> mean_sum <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(x)</span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3"></a> mean_n <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">length</span>(x)</span>
<span id="cb11-4"><a href="#cb11-4"></a> mean_output <span class="ot"><-</span> mean_sum<span class="sc">/</span>mean_n</span>
<span id="cb11-5"><a href="#cb11-5"></a> </span>
<span id="cb11-6"><a href="#cb11-6"></a> <span class="fu">return</span>(mean_output)}</span>
<span id="cb11-7"><a href="#cb11-7"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-8"><a href="#cb11-8"></a>test_chr <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="st">"hello"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb11-9"><a href="#cb11-9"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-10"><a href="#cb11-10"></a><span class="fu">mean_function</span>(test_chr)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 60%; font-family: Courier New">Error in sum(x) : invalid ‘type’ (character) of argument</span></p>
</section>
<section id="write-functions-with-error-handling-3" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Write functions with error handling</h2>
<p>Let’s write an error message:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1"></a>mean_function <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(x){</span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2"></a> </span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3"></a> <span class="cf">if</span>(<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.numeric</span>(x)){</span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4"></a> <span class="fu">stop</span>(<span class="st">"mean_function must take an array of numbers"</span>)}</span>
<span id="cb12-5"><a href="#cb12-5"></a> </span>
<span id="cb12-6"><a href="#cb12-6"></a> mean_sum <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(x)</span>
<span id="cb12-7"><a href="#cb12-7"></a> mean_n <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">length</span>(x)</span>
<span id="cb12-8"><a href="#cb12-8"></a> mean_output <span class="ot"><-</span> mean_sum<span class="sc">/</span>mean_n</span>
<span id="cb12-9"><a href="#cb12-9"></a> </span>
<span id="cb12-10"><a href="#cb12-10"></a> <span class="fu">return</span>(mean_output)}</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="write-functions-with-error-handling-4" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Write functions with error handling</h2>
<p>Now let’s test it:</p>
</section>
<section id="write-functions-with-error-handling-5" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Write functions with error handling</h2>
<p>Now let’s test it:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1"></a>test_num <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">2</span>,<span class="dv">3</span>)</span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href="#cb13-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb13-3"><a href="#cb13-3"></a><span class="fu">mean_function</span>(test_num)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="font-size: 60%"><code>[1] 2</code></span></p>
</section>
<section id="write-functions-with-error-handling-6" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Write functions with error handling</h2>
<p>Now let’s test it:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1"></a>test_num <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">2</span>,<span class="dv">3</span>)</span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href="#cb14-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href="#cb14-3"></a><span class="fu">mean_function</span>(test_num)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="font-size: 60%"><code>[1] 2</code></span></p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb15-1"><a href="#cb15-1"></a>test_chr <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">2</span>,<span class="st">"hello"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb15-2"><a href="#cb15-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb15-3"><a href="#cb15-3"></a><span class="fu">mean_function</span>(test_chr)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 60%; font-family: Courier New">Error in mean_function(test_chr) : mean_function must take an array of numbers</span></p>
</section>
<section id="write-functions-with-error-handling-7" class="slide level2" data-auto-annimate="true">
<h2>Write functions with error handling</h2>
<ul>
<li>Writing error messages forces students to think about functions as a series of steps each with its own requirements</li>
<li>Demystify why error messsages are there and helps open up the way we think about functions</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="takeaway" class="slide level2">
<h2>Takeaway</h2>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Errors will be a part of a student’s coding journey, so we need to think about how we help students make the most of them</li>
<li class="fragment"><em>Reflection:</em> What is one way you could incorporate errors in your teaching?</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer footer-default">
</div>
</section></section>
</div>
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