diff --git a/crates/sui-core/src/authority/authority_per_epoch_store.rs b/crates/sui-core/src/authority/authority_per_epoch_store.rs
index f475fb3fc4068..84e4a32ff5a52 100644
--- a/crates/sui-core/src/authority/authority_per_epoch_store.rs
+++ b/crates/sui-core/src/authority/authority_per_epoch_store.rs
@@ -4270,6 +4270,8 @@ impl AuthorityPerEpochStore {
 }
 
 mod quarantine {
+    use mysten_common::fatal;
+
     use super::*;
 
     /// ConsensusOutputQuarantine holds outputs of consensus processing in memory until the checkpoints
@@ -4287,9 +4289,13 @@ mod quarantine {
 
         builder_digest_to_checkpoint: HashMap<TransactionDigest, CheckpointSequenceNumber>,
 
-        // Any un-committed next versions are stored here. A ref-count is used to
-        // track which objects still exist in some element of output_queue.
-        shared_object_next_versions: HashMap<ObjectID, (usize, SequenceNumber)>,
+        // Any un-committed next versions are stored here.
+        shared_object_next_versions: RefCountedHashMap<ObjectID, SequenceNumber>,
+
+        // The most recent congestion control debts for objects. Uses a ref-count to track
+        // which objects still exist in some element of output_queue.
+        congestion_control_randomness_object_debts: RefCountedHashMap<ObjectID, u64>,
+        congestion_control_object_debts: RefCountedHashMap<ObjectID, u64>,
     }
 
     impl ConsensusOutputQuarantine {
@@ -4300,8 +4306,9 @@ mod quarantine {
                 output_queue: VecDeque::new(),
                 builder_checkpoint_summary: BTreeMap::new(),
                 builder_digest_to_checkpoint: HashMap::new(),
-                //next_checkpoint_sequence_to_commit: None,
-                shared_object_next_versions: HashMap::new(),
+                shared_object_next_versions: Default::default(),
+                congestion_control_randomness_object_debts: Default::default(),
+                congestion_control_object_debts: Default::default(),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -4312,6 +4319,7 @@ mod quarantine {
         // Push all data gathered from a consensus commit into the quarantine.
         pub(super) fn push_consensus_output(&mut self, output: ConsensusCommitOutput) {
             self.insert_shared_object_next_versions(&output);
+            self.insert_congestion_control_debts(&output);
             self.output_queue.push_back(output);
         }
 
@@ -4502,7 +4510,7 @@ mod quarantine {
             let mut fallback_indices = Vec::with_capacity(object_ids.len());
 
             for (i, object_id) in object_ids.iter().enumerate() {
-                if let Some((_, next_version)) = self.shared_object_next_versions.get(object_id) {
+                if let Some(next_version) = self.shared_object_next_versions.get(object_id) {
                     results.push(Some(*next_version));
                 } else {
                     results.push(None);
@@ -4522,45 +4530,36 @@ mod quarantine {
             Ok(results)
         }
 
-        pub(super) fn insert_shared_object_next_versions(
-            &mut self,
-            output: &ConsensusCommitOutput,
-        ) {
+        fn insert_shared_object_next_versions(&mut self, output: &ConsensusCommitOutput) {
             if let Some(next_versions) = output.next_shared_object_versions.as_ref() {
                 for (object_id, next_version) in next_versions {
-                    let entry = self.shared_object_next_versions.entry(*object_id);
-                    match entry {
-                        hash_map::Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
-                            let (ref_count, v) = entry.get_mut();
-                            *ref_count += 1;
-                            *v = *next_version;
-                        }
-                        hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
-                            entry.insert((1, *next_version));
-                        }
-                    }
+                    self.shared_object_next_versions
+                        .insert(*object_id, *next_version);
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        fn insert_congestion_control_debts(&mut self, output: &ConsensusCommitOutput) {
+            for (object_id, debt) in output.congestion_control_object_debts.iter() {
+                self.congestion_control_object_debts.insert(*object_id, *debt);
+            }
+
+            for (object_id, debt) in output.congestion_control_randomness_object_debts.iter() {
+                self.congestion_control_randomness_object_debts.insert(*object_id, *debt);
+            }
+        }
+
         pub(super) fn remove_shared_object_next_versions(
             &mut self,
             output: &ConsensusCommitOutput,
         ) {
             if let Some(next_versions) = output.next_shared_object_versions.as_ref() {
                 for object_id in next_versions.keys() {
-                    let entry = self.shared_object_next_versions.entry(*object_id);
-                    match entry {
-                        hash_map::Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
-                            let (ref_count, _) = entry.get_mut();
-                            *ref_count -= 1;
-                            if *ref_count == 0 {
-                                entry.remove();
-                            }
-                        }
-                        hash_map::Entry::Vacant(_) => {
-                            panic!("Shared object next version not found");
-                        }
+                    if !self.shared_object_next_versions.remove(object_id) {
+                        fatal!(
+                            "Shared object next version not found in quarantine: {:?}",
+                            object_id
+                        );
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -4657,6 +4656,92 @@ mod quarantine {
                 .filter_map(|output| output.get_randomness_last_round_timestamp())
                 .next()
         }
+
+        pub(super) fn load_initial_object_debts(
+            &self,
+            epoch_store: &AuthorityPerEpochStore,
+            current_round: Round,
+            for_randomness: bool,
+            per_commit_budget: u64,
+            transactions: &[VerifiedSequencedConsensusTransaction],
+        ) -> SuiResult<impl IntoIterator<Item = (ObjectID, u64)>> {
+            let tables = epoch_store.tables()?;
+            let (hash_table, db_table) = if for_randomness {
+                (&self.congestion_control_randomness_object_debts, &tables.congestion_control_randomness_object_debts)
+            } else {
+                (&self.congestion_control_object_debts, &tables.congestion_control_object_debts)
+            };
+            let shared_input_object_ids: BTreeSet<_> = transactions
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|tx| {
+                    if let SequencedConsensusTransactionKind::External(ConsensusTransaction {
+                        kind: ConsensusTransactionKind::CertifiedTransaction(tx),
+                        ..
+                    }) = &tx.0.transaction
+                    {
+                        Some(tx.shared_input_objects().map(|obj| obj.id))
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                })
+                .flatten()
+                .collect();
+
+            let num_ids = shared_input_object_ids.len();
+            let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(num_ids);
+            let mut fallback_keys = Vec::with_capacity(num_ids);
+            let mut fallback_indices = Vec::with_capacity(num_ids);
+
+            for (i, object_id) in shared_input_object_ids.iter().enumerate() {
+                if let Some(debt) = hash_table.get(object_id) {
+                    results.push(Some(*debt));
+                } else {
+                    results.push(None);
+                    fallback_keys.push(object_id);
+                    fallback_indices.push(i);
+                }
+            }
+
+            let fallback_results = db_table.multi_get(fallback_keys)?;
+            assert_eq!(fallback_results.len(), fallback_indices.len());
+            for (i, result) in fallback_indices.into_iter().zip(fallback_results) {
+                results[i] = result;
+            }
+
+            Ok(results.into_iter().zip(shared_input_object_ids.into_iter())
+            .map(|(debt, object_id)| {
+                let (round, debt) = debt.into_v1();
+                (
+                    object_id,
+                    // Stored debts already account for the budget of the round in which
+                    // they were accumulated. Application of budget from future rounds to
+                    // the debt is handled here.
+                    debt.saturating_sub(per_commit_budget * (current_round - round - 1)),
+                )
+            }))
+        
+        )
+
+            Ok(results)
+
+
+
+            Ok(hash_table
+                .multi_get(shared_input_object_ids.iter())?
+                .into_iter()
+                .flatten()
+                .zip(shared_input_object_ids)
+                .map(move |(debt, object_id)| {
+                    let (round, debt) = debt.into_v1();
+                    (
+                        object_id,
+                        // Stored debts already account for the budget of the round in which
+                        // they were accumulated. Application of budget from future rounds to
+                        // the debt is handled here.
+                        debt.saturating_sub(per_commit_budget * (current_round - round - 1)),
+                    )
+                }))
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -5021,3 +5106,66 @@ impl From<LockDetails> for LockDetailsWrapper {
         LockDetailsWrapper::V1(details)
     }
 }
+
+// A wrapper around HashMap that uses refcounts to keep entries alive until
+// they are no longer needed.
+//
+// If there are N inserts for the same key, the key will not be removed until
+// there are N removes.
+//
+// It is intended to track the *latest* value for a given key, so duplicate
+// inserts are intended to overwrite any prior value.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct RefCountedHashMap<K, V> {
+    map: HashMap<K, (usize, V)>,
+}
+
+impl<K, V> RefCountedHashMap<K, V>
+where
+    K: Copy + Eq + std::hash::Hash,
+{
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            map: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, key: K, value: V) {
+        let entry = self.map.entry(key);
+        match entry {
+            hash_map::Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                let (ref_count, v) = entry.get_mut();
+                *ref_count += 1;
+                *v = value;
+            }
+            hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                entry.insert((1, value));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Returns true if the key was present, false otherwise.
+    // Note that the key may not be removed if present, as it may have a refcount > 1.
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, key: &K) -> bool {
+        let entry = self.map.entry(*key);
+        match entry {
+            hash_map::Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                let (ref_count, _) = entry.get_mut();
+                *ref_count -= 1;
+                if *ref_count == 0 {
+                    entry.remove();
+                }
+                true
+            }
+            hash_map::Entry::Vacant(_) => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, key: &K) -> Option<&V> {
+        self.map.get(key).map(|(_, v)| v)
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&K, &V)> {
+        self.map.iter().map(|(k, (_, v))| (k, v))
+    }
+}