Endless batching until out of memory if request to grafana loki won't hang up

[johakr]

If the request to grafana loki get's stuck for whatever reason, winston-loki will batch the logs until we run out of memory, since we don't have any timeout on our request defined.

As a first step I created a PR to make the timeout configurable: #55

We might want to discuss if there is a sensible timeout we want to set as a default value.

Checklist

• Modify src/requests.js ! No changes made Edit
• Running GitHub Actions for src/requests.js ✗ Edit
• Modify src/batcher.js ! No changes made Edit
• Running GitHub Actions for src/batcher.js ✗ Edit
• Modify index.js ! No changes made Edit
• Running GitHub Actions for index.js ✗ Edit
• Modify index.d.ts ✓ e9bd74a Edit
• Running GitHub Actions for index.d.ts ✓ Edit
• Modify README.md ! No changes made Edit
• Running GitHub Actions for README.md ✗ Edit

[JaniAnttonen]

10 seconds is the one I've seen used most. Might want to add that on a later date as the default.

[sweep-ai]

🚀 Here's the PR! #147

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Step 1: 🔎 Searching

I found the following snippets in your repository. I will now analyze these snippets and come up with a plan.

Some code snippets I think are relevant in decreasing order of relevance (click to expand). If some file is missing from here, you can mention the path in the ticket description.

winston-loki/src/requests.js

Lines 1 to 45 in 88399c8

	const http = require('http')
	const https = require('https')
	const post = async (lokiUrl, contentType, headers = {}, data = '', timeout) => {
	// Construct a buffer from the data string to have deterministic data size
	const dataBuffer = Buffer.from(data, 'utf8')
	// Construct the headers
	const defaultHeaders = {
	'Content-Type': contentType,
	'Content-Length': dataBuffer.length
	}
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
	// Decide which http library to use based on the url
	const lib = lokiUrl.protocol === 'https:' ? https : http
	// Construct the node request options
	const options = {
	hostname: lokiUrl.hostname,
	port: lokiUrl.port !== '' ? lokiUrl.port : (lokiUrl.protocol === 'https:' ? 443 : 80),
	path: lokiUrl.pathname,
	method: 'POST',
	headers: Object.assign(defaultHeaders, headers),
	timeout: timeout
	}
	// Construct the request
	const req = lib.request(options, res => {
	let resData = ''
	res.on('data', _data => (resData += _data))
	res.on('end', () => resolve(resData))
	})
	// Error listener
	req.on('error', error => {
	reject(error)
	})
	// Write to request
	req.write(dataBuffer)
	req.end()
	})
	}

winston-loki/src/batcher.js

Lines 1 to 311 in 88399c8

	const exitHook = require('async-exit-hook')
	const { logproto } = require('./proto')
	const protoHelpers = require('./proto/helpers')
	const req = require('./requests')
	let snappy = false
	/**
	* A batching transport layer for Grafana Loki
	*
	* @class Batcher
	*/
	class Batcher {
	loadSnappy () {
	return require('snappy')
	}
	loadUrl () {
	let URL
	try {
	if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.URL) {
	URL = window.URL
	} else {
	URL = require('url').URL
	}
	} catch (_error) {
	URL = require('url-polyfill').URL
	}
	return URL
	}
	/**
	* Creates an instance of Batcher.
	* Starts the batching loop if enabled.
	* @param {*} options
	* @memberof Batcher
	*/
	constructor (options) {
	// Load given options to the object
	this.options = options
	// Construct Grafana Loki push API url
	const URL = this.loadUrl()
	this.url = new URL(this.options.host + '/loki/api/v1/push')
	// Parse basic auth parameters if given
	if (options.basicAuth) {
	const btoa = require('btoa')
	const basicAuth = 'Basic ' + btoa(options.basicAuth)
	this.options.headers = Object.assign(this.options.headers, { Authorization: basicAuth })
	}
	// Define the batching intervals
	this.interval = this.options.interval
	? Number(this.options.interval) * 1000
	: 5000
	this.circuitBreakerInterval = 60000
	// Initialize the log batch
	this.batch = {
	streams: []
	}
	// If snappy binaries have not been built, fallback to JSON transport
	if (!this.options.json) {
	try {
	snappy = this.loadSnappy()
	} catch (error) {
	this.options.json = true
	}
	if (!snappy) {
	this.options.json = true
	}
	}
	// Define the content type headers for the POST request based on the data type
	this.contentType = 'application/x-protobuf'
	if (this.options.json) {
	this.contentType = 'application/json'
	}
	this.batchesSending = 0
	this.onBatchesFlushed = () => {}
	// If batching is enabled, run the loop
	this.options.batching && this.run()
	if (this.options.gracefulShutdown) {
	exitHook(callback => {
	this.close(() => callback())
	})
	}
	}
	/**
	* Marks the start of batch submitting.
	*
	* Must be called right before batcher starts sending logs.
	*/
	batchSending () {
	this.batchesSending++
	}
	/**
	* Marks the end of batch submitting
	*
	* Must be called after the response from Grafana Loki push endpoint
	* is received and completely processed, right before
	* resolving/rejecting the promise.
	*/
	batchSent () {
	if (--this.batchesSending) return
	this.onBatchesFlushed()
	}
	/**
	* Returns a promise that resolves after all the logs sent before
	* via log(), info(), etc calls are sent to Grafana Loki push endpoint
	* and the responses for all of them are received and processed.
	*
	* @returns {Promise}
	*/
	waitFlushed () {
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
	if (!this.batchesSending && !this.batch.streams.length) { return resolve() }
	this.onBatchesFlushed = () => {
	this.onBatchesFlushed = () => {}
	return resolve()
	}
	})
	}
	/**
	* Returns a promise that resolves after the given duration.
	*
	* @param {*} duration
	* @returns {Promise}
	*/
	wait (duration) {
	return new Promise(resolve => {
	setTimeout(resolve, duration)
	})
	}
	/**
	* Pushes logs into the batch.
	* If logEntry is given, pushes it straight to this.sendBatchToLoki()
	*
	* @param {*} logEntry
	*/
	async pushLogEntry (logEntry) {
	const noTimestamp =
	logEntry && logEntry.entries && logEntry.entries[0].ts === undefined
	// If user has decided to replace the given timestamps with a generated one, generate it
	if (this.options.replaceTimestamp || noTimestamp) {
	logEntry.entries[0].ts = Date.now()
	}
	// If protobuf is the used data type, construct the timestamps
	if (!this.options.json) {
	logEntry = protoHelpers.createProtoTimestamps(logEntry)
	}
	// If batching is not enabled, push the log immediately to Loki API
	if (this.options.batching !== undefined && !this.options.batching) {
	await this.sendBatchToLoki(logEntry)
	} else {
	const { streams } = this.batch
	// Find if there's already a log with identical labels in the batch
	const match = streams.findIndex(
	stream => JSON.stringify(stream.labels) === JSON.stringify(logEntry.labels)
	)
	if (match > -1) {
	// If there's a match, push the log under the same label
	logEntry.entries.forEach(entry => {
	streams[match].entries.push(entry)
	})
	} else {
	// Otherwise, create a new label under streams
	streams.push(logEntry)
	}
	}
	}
	/**
	* Clears the batch.
	*/
	clearBatch () {
	this.batch.streams = []
	}
	/**
	* Sends a batch to Grafana Loki push endpoint.
	* If a single logEntry is given, creates a batch first around it.
	*
	* @param {*} logEntry
	* @returns {Promise}
	*/
	sendBatchToLoki (logEntry) {
	this.batchSending()
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
	// If the batch is empty, do nothing
	if (this.batch.streams.length === 0 && !logEntry) {
	this.batchSent()
	resolve()
	} else {
	let reqBody
	// If the data format is JSON, there's no need to construct a buffer
	if (this.options.json) {
	let preparedJSONBatch
	if (logEntry !== undefined) {
	// If a single logEntry is given, wrap it according to the batch format
	preparedJSONBatch = protoHelpers.prepareJSONBatch({ streams: [logEntry] })
	} else {
	// Stringify the JSON ready for transport
	preparedJSONBatch = protoHelpers.prepareJSONBatch(this.batch)
	}
	reqBody = JSON.stringify(preparedJSONBatch)
	} else {
	try {
	let batch
	if (logEntry !== undefined) {
	// If a single logEntry is given, wrap it according to the batch format
	batch = { streams: [logEntry] }
	} else {
	batch = this.batch
	}
	const preparedBatch = protoHelpers.prepareProtoBatch(batch)
	// Check if the batch can be encoded in Protobuf and is correct format
	const err = logproto.PushRequest.verify(preparedBatch)
	// Reject the promise if the batch is not of correct format
	if (err) reject(err)
	// Create the PushRequest object
	const message = logproto.PushRequest.create(preparedBatch)
	// Encode the PushRequest object and create the binary buffer
	const buffer = logproto.PushRequest.encode(message).finish()
	// Compress the buffer with snappy
	reqBody = snappy.compressSync(buffer)
	} catch (err) {
	this.batchSent()
	reject(err)
	}
	}
	// Send the data to Grafana Loki
	req.post(this.url, this.contentType, this.options.headers, reqBody, this.options.timeout)
	.then(() => {
	// No need to clear the batch if batching is disabled
	logEntry === undefined && this.clearBatch()
	this.batchSent()
	resolve()
	})
	.catch(err => {
	// Clear the batch on error if enabled
	this.options.clearOnError && this.clearBatch()
	this.options.onConnectionError !== undefined && this.options.onConnectionError(err)
	this.batchSent()
	reject(err)
	})
	}
	})
	}
	/**
	* Runs the batch push loop.
	*
	* Sends the batch to Loki and waits for
	* the amount of this.interval between requests.
	*/
	async run () {
	this.runLoop = true
	while (this.runLoop) {
	try {
	await this.sendBatchToLoki()
	if (this.interval === this.circuitBreakerInterval) {
	if (this.options.interval !== undefined) {
	this.interval = Number(this.options.interval) * 1000
	} else {
	this.interval = 5000
	}
	}
	} catch (e) {
	this.interval = this.circuitBreakerInterval
	}
	await this.wait(this.interval)
	}
	}
	/**
	* Stops the batch push loop
	*
	* @param {() => void} [callback]
	*/
	close (callback) {
	this.runLoop = false
	this.sendBatchToLoki()
	.then(() => { if (callback) { callback() } }) // maybe should emit something here
	.catch(() => { if (callback) { callback() } }) // maybe should emit something here
	}
	}

winston-loki/index.js

Lines 1 to 129 in 88399c8

	const Transport = require('winston-transport')
	const Batcher = require('./src/batcher')
	const { MESSAGE } = require('triple-beam')
	/**
	* A Winston transport for Grafana Loki.
	*
	* @class LokiTransport
	* @extends {Transport}
	*/
	class LokiTransport extends Transport {
	/**
	* Creates an instance of LokiTransport.
	* @param {*} options
	* @memberof LokiTransport
	*/
	constructor (options) {
	super(options)
	// Pass all the given options to batcher
	this.batcher = new Batcher({
	host: options.host,
	basicAuth: options.basicAuth,
	headers: options.headers || {},
	interval: options.interval,
	json: options.json,
	batching: options.batching !== false,
	clearOnError: options.clearOnError,
	onConnectionError: options.onConnectionError,
	replaceTimestamp: options.replaceTimestamp,
	gracefulShutdown: options.gracefulShutdown !== false,
	timeout: options.timeout
	})
	this.useCustomFormat = options.format !== undefined
	this.labels = options.labels
	}
	/**
	* An overwrite of winston-transport's log(),
	* which the Winston logging library uses
	* when pushing logs to a transport.
	*
	* @param {*} info
	* @param {*} callback
	* @memberof LokiTransport
	*/
	log (info, callback) {
	// Immediately tell Winston that this transport has received the log.
	setImmediate(() => {
	this.emit('logged', info)
	})
	// Deconstruct the log
	const { label, labels, timestamp, level, message, ...rest } = info
	// build custom labels if provided
	let lokiLabels = { level: level }
	if (this.labels) {
	lokiLabels = Object.assign(lokiLabels, this.labels)
	} else {
	lokiLabels.job = label
	}
	lokiLabels = Object.assign(lokiLabels, labels)
	// follow the format provided
	const line = this.useCustomFormat
	? info[MESSAGE]
	: `${message} ${
	rest && Object.keys(rest).length > 0 ? JSON.stringify(rest) : ''
	}`
	// Make sure all label values are strings
	lokiLabels = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(lokiLabels).map(([key, value]) => [key, value ? value.toString() : value]))
	// Construct the log to fit Grafana Loki's accepted format
	let ts
	if (timestamp) {
	ts = new Date(timestamp)
	ts = isNaN(ts) ? Date.now() : ts.valueOf()
	} else {
	ts = Date.now()
	}
	const logEntry = {
	labels: lokiLabels,
	entries: [
	{
	ts,
	line
	}
	]
	}
	// Pushes the log to the batcher
	this.batcher.pushLogEntry(logEntry).catch(err => {
	// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
	console.error(err)
	})
	// Trigger the optional callback
	callback()
	}
	/**
	* Flush unsent batched logs to Winston transport and return
	* a promise that resolves after response is received from
	* the transport. If some (batched or not) logs are being sent
	* at the time of call, the promise resolves after the transport
	* responds.
	*
	* As a result the promise returned resolves only when the transport
	* has confirmed receiving all the logs sent via log(), info(), etc
	* calls preceding the flush() call.
	*/
	async flush () {
	return await this.batcher.waitFlushed();
	}
	/**
	* Send batch to loki when clean up
	*/
	close () {
	this.batcher.close()
	}
	}

winston-loki/index.d.ts

Lines 1 to 23 in 88399c8

	import TransportStream from "winston-transport";
	declare interface LokiTransportOptions extends TransportStream.TransportStreamOptions{
	host: string;
	basicAuth?: string;
	headers?: object;
	interval?: number;
	json?: boolean;
	batching?: boolean;
	labels?: object;
	clearOnError?: boolean,
	replaceTimestamp?: boolean,
	gracefulShutdown?: boolean,
	timeout?: number,
	onConnectionError?(error: unknown): void
	}
	declare class LokiTransport extends TransportStream {
	constructor(opts: LokiTransportOptions);
	flush(): Promise<null>;
	}

winston-loki/README.md

Lines 1 to 59 in 88399c8

	# winston-loki
	[](https://badge.fury.io/js/winston-loki)
	[](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=winston-loki)
	[](https://travis-ci.com/JaniAnttonen/winston-loki)
	[](https://coveralls.io/github/JaniAnttonen/winston-loki?branch=master)
	[](https://codeclimate.com/github/JaniAnttonen/winston-loki/maintainability)
	A Grafana Loki transport for the nodejs logging library Winston.
	## Usage
	This Winston transport is used similarly to other Winston transports. Require winston and define a new LokiTransport() inside its options when creating it.
	### [Examples](./examples/)
	Several usage examples with a test configuration for Grafana+Loki+Promtail reside under [`examples/`](./examples/). If you want the simplest possible configuration, that's probably the place to check out. By defining `json: true` and giving `winston-loki` the correct `host` address for Loki is enough for most.
	### Options
	LokiTransport() takes a Javascript object as an input. These are the options that are available, __required in bold__:
	| **Parameter** | **Description** | **Example** | **Default** |
	| ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- | -----------------------| ------------- |
	| __`host`__ | URL for Grafana Loki | http://127.0.0.1:3100 | null |
	| `interval` | The interval at which batched logs are sent in seconds | 30 | 5 |
	| `json` | Use JSON instead of Protobuf for transport | true | false |
	| `batching` | If batching is not used, the logs are sent as they come | true | true |
	| `clearOnError` | Discard any logs that result in an error during transport | true | false |
	| `replaceTimestamp` | Replace any log timestamps with Date.now() | true | false |
	| `labels` | custom labels, key-value pairs | { module: 'http' } | undefined |
	| `format` | winston format (https://github.com/winstonjs/winston#formats) | simple() | undefined |
	| `gracefulShutdown` | Enable/disable graceful shutdown (wait for any unsent batches) | false | true |
	| `timeout` | timeout for requests to grafana loki in ms | 30000 | undefined |
	| `basicAuth` | basic authentication credentials to access Loki over HTTP | username:password | undefined |
	| `onConnectionError`| Loki error connection handler | (err) => console.error(err) | undefined |
	### Example
	With default formatting:
	```js
	const { createLogger, transports } = require("winston");
	const LokiTransport = require("winston-loki");
	const options = {
	...,
	transports: [
	new LokiTransport({
	host: "http://127.0.0.1:3100"
	})
	]
	...
	};
	const logger = createLogger(options);
	```
	You can set custom labels in every log as well like this:
	```js
	logger.debug({ message: 'test', labels: { 'key': 'value' } })
	```
	TODO: Add custom formatting example
	## Developing

I also found that you mentioned the following Pull Requests that may be helpful:

The following PRs were mentioned in the issue:

Pull Request #55

Title: feat: configurable timeout

Summary:

Make the timeout for the requests to grafana loki configurable.

Here is the diff of the Pull Request:

Diffs for file README.md:

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ LokiTransport() takes a Javascript object as an input. These are the options tha
 | `labels`           | custom labels, key-value pairs                            | { module: 'http' }     | null          |
 | `format`           | winston format (https://github.com/winstonjs/winston#formats) | simple()           | null          |
 | `gracefulShutdown` | Enable/disable graceful shutdown (wait for any unsent batches) | false             | true          |
+| `timeout`          | timeout for requests to grafana loki in ms                | 30000                  | null          | 
 
 ### Example
 With default formatting:

Diffs for file index.d.ts:

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ declare interface LokiTransportOptions extends TransportStream.TransportStreamOp
     clearOnError?: boolean,
     replaceOnError?: boolean,
     replaceTimestamp?: boolean,
-    gracefulShutdown?: boolean
+    gracefulShutdown?: boolean,
+    timeout?: number,
 }
 
 declare class LokiTransport extends TransportStream {

Diffs for file index.js:

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ class LokiTransport extends Transport {
       clearOnError: options.clearOnError,
       replaceOnError: options.replaceOnError,
       replaceTimestamp: options.replaceTimestamp,
-      gracefulShutdown: options.gracefulShutdown !== false
+      gracefulShutdown: options.gracefulShutdown !== false,
+      timeout: options.timeout
     })
 
     this.useCustomFormat = options.format !== undefined

Diffs for file src/batcher.js:

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class Batcher {
         }
 
         // Send the data to Grafana Loki
-        req.post(this.url, this.contentType, this.options.headers, reqBody)
+        req.post(this.url, this.contentType, this.options.headers, reqBody, this.options.timeout)
           .then(() => {
             // No need to clear the batch if batching is disabled
             logEntry === undefined && this.clearBatch()

Diffs for file src/requests.js:

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 const http = require('http')
 const https = require('https')
 
-const post = async (lokiUrl, contentType, headers = {}, data = '') => {
+const post = async (lokiUrl, contentType, headers = {}, data = '', timeout) => {
   // Construct a buffer from the data string to have deterministic data size
   const dataBuffer = Buffer.from(data, 'utf8')
 
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ const post = async (lokiUrl, contentType, headers = {}, data = '') => {
       port: lokiUrl.port !== '' ? lokiUrl.port : (lokiUrl.protocol === 'https:' ? 443 : 80),
       path: lokiUrl.pathname,
       method: 'POST',
-      headers: Object.assign(defaultHeaders, headers)
+      headers: Object.assign(defaultHeaders, headers),
+      timeout: timeout
     }
 
     // Construct the request

Be sure to follow the PRs as a reference when making code changes. If the user instructs you to follow the referenced PR, limit the scope of your changes to the referenced PR.

---

Step 2: ⌨️ Coding

• Modify src/requests.js ! No changes made Edit

Modify src/requests.js with contents:
• Add a new parameter `timeout` to the `post` function signature.
• In the options object passed to `lib.request`, add a new key-value pair `timeout: timeout` to utilize the passed timeout value for the request.
• This modification allows setting a timeout for HTTP/HTTPS requests, ensuring they do not hang indefinitely.

• Running GitHub Actions for src/requests.js ✗ Edit

Check src/requests.js with contents:

• Modify src/batcher.js ! No changes made Edit

Modify src/batcher.js with contents:
• In the `sendBatchToLoki` function, update the call to `req.post` to include `this.options.timeout` as the last argument.
• This modification ensures that the timeout configuration is passed to the `post` function in requests.js, applying the timeout to each batched request.

• Running GitHub Actions for src/batcher.js ✗ Edit

Check src/batcher.js with contents:

• Modify index.js ! No changes made Edit

Modify index.js with contents:
• In the constructor of the `LokiTransport` class, add `timeout: options.timeout` to the options object passed to the `Batcher` constructor.
• This modification ensures that the timeout option provided to `LokiTransport` is passed to the `Batcher`, making it available for use in requests.

• Running GitHub Actions for index.js ✗ Edit

Check index.js with contents:

• Modify index.d.ts ✓ e9bd74a Edit

Modify index.d.ts with contents:
• In the `LokiTransportOptions` interface, add a new optional property `timeout?: number`.
• This modification allows TypeScript users to specify the timeout option when using the `LokiTransport` class.

--- 
+++ 
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     replaceTimestamp?: boolean,
     gracefulShutdown?: boolean,
     timeout?: number,
+    timeout?: number,
     onConnectionError?(error: unknown): void
 }
 

• Running GitHub Actions for index.d.ts ✓ Edit

Check index.d.ts with contents:

Ran GitHub Actions for e9bd74ab51e90f5a0202587a1eff7dca5d1ccb06:

• Modify README.md ! No changes made Edit

Modify README.md with contents:
• Update the Options section to include the new `timeout` option, specifying that it configures the timeout for requests to Grafana Loki in milliseconds. Mention that there is no default value set, and it's up to the user to specify one if desired.
• This modification informs users of the new timeout configuration option and how to use it.

• Running GitHub Actions for README.md ✗ Edit

Check README.md with contents:

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