capture_sync.c

/* capture_sync.c
 * Synchronisation between Wireshark capture parent and child instances
 *
 * $Id$
 *
 * Wireshark - Network traffic analyzer
 * By Gerald Combs <gerald@wireshark.org>
 * Copyright 1998 Gerald Combs
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */

#include "config.h"

#ifdef HAVE_LIBPCAP

#include <glib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif

#include <signal.h>

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <wsutil/unicode-utils.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
# include <sys/wait.h>
#endif

#include "capture-pcap-util.h"

#ifndef _WIN32
/*
 * Define various POSIX macros (and, in the case of WCOREDUMP, non-POSIX
 * macros) on UNIX systems that don't have them.
 */
#ifndef WIFEXITED
# define WIFEXITED(status)      (((status) & 0177) == 0)
#endif
#ifndef WIFSTOPPED
# define WIFSTOPPED(status)     (((status) & 0177) == 0177)
#endif
#ifndef WIFSIGNALED
# define WIFSIGNALED(status)    (!WIFSTOPPED(status) && !WIFEXITED(status))
#endif
#ifndef WEXITSTATUS
# define WEXITSTATUS(status)    ((status) >> 8)
#endif
#ifndef WTERMSIG
# define WTERMSIG(status)       ((status) & 0177)
#endif
#ifndef WCOREDUMP
# define WCOREDUMP(status)      ((status) & 0200)
#endif
#ifndef WSTOPSIG
# define WSTOPSIG(status)       ((status) >> 8)
#endif
#endif /* _WIN32 */

#include <epan/packet.h>
#include <epan/prefs.h>

#include "globals.h"
#include "file.h"
#include <epan/filesystem.h>
#include <epan/report_err.h>

#include "capture.h"
#include "capture_sync.h"

#include "sync_pipe.h"

#ifdef _WIN32
#include "capture-wpcap.h"
#endif

#include "ui/ui_util.h"

#include <wsutil/file_util.h>
#include "log.h"

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <process.h>    /* For spawning child process */
#endif



#ifndef _WIN32
static const char *sync_pipe_signame(int);
#endif


static gboolean sync_pipe_input_cb(gint source, gpointer user_data);
static int sync_pipe_wait_for_child(int fork_child, gchar **msgp);
static void pipe_convert_header(const guchar *header, int header_len, char *indicator, int *block_len);
static ssize_t pipe_read_block(int pipe_fd, char *indicator, int len, char *msg,
                           char **err_msg);

void
capture_session_init(capture_session *cap_session, void *cf)
{
    cap_session->cf                              = cf;
    cap_session->fork_child                      = -1;               /* invalid process handle */
#ifdef _WIN32
    cap_session->signal_pipe_write_fd            = -1;
#endif
    cap_session->state                           = CAPTURE_STOPPED;
#ifndef _WIN32
    cap_session->owner                           = getuid();
    cap_session->group                           = getgid();
#endif
    cap_session->session_started                 = FALSE;
}

/* Append an arg (realloc) to an argc/argv array */
/* (add a string pointer to a NULL-terminated array of string pointers) */
static char **
sync_pipe_add_arg(char **args, int *argc, const char *arg)
{
    /* Grow the array; "*argc" currently contains the number of string
       pointers, *not* counting the NULL pointer at the end, so we have
       to add 2 in order to get the new size of the array, including the
       new pointer and the terminating NULL pointer. */
    args = (char **)g_realloc( (gpointer) args, (*argc + 2) * sizeof (char *));

    /* Stuff the pointer into the penultimate element of the array, which
       is the one at the index specified by "*argc". */
    args[*argc] = g_strdup(arg);
    /* Now bump the count. */
    (*argc)++;

    /* We overwrite the NULL pointer; put it back right after the
       element we added. */
    args[*argc] = NULL;

    return args;
}



#ifdef _WIN32
/* Quote the argument element if necessary, so that it will get
 * reconstructed correctly in the C runtime startup code.  Note that
 * the unquoting algorithm in the C runtime is really weird, and
 * rather different than what Unix shells do. See stdargv.c in the C
 * runtime sources (in the Platform SDK, in src/crt).
 *
 * Stolen from GLib's protect_argv(), an internal routine that quotes
 * string in an argument list so that they arguments will be handled
 * correctly in the command-line string passed to CreateProcess()
 * if that string is constructed by gluing those strings together.
 */
static gchar *
protect_arg (const gchar *argv)
{
    gchar *new_arg;
    const gchar *p = argv;
    gchar *q;
    gint len = 0;
    gboolean need_dblquotes = FALSE;

    while (*p) {
        if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
            need_dblquotes = TRUE;
        else if (*p == '"')
            len++;
        else if (*p == '\\') {
            const gchar *pp = p;

            while (*pp && *pp == '\\')
                pp++;
            if (*pp == '"')
                len++;
        }
        len++;
        p++;
    }

    q = new_arg = g_malloc (len + need_dblquotes*2 + 1);
    p = argv;

    if (need_dblquotes)
        *q++ = '"';

    while (*p) {
        if (*p == '"')
            *q++ = '\\';
        else if (*p == '\\') {
            const gchar *pp = p;

            while (*pp && *pp == '\\')
                pp++;
            if (*pp == '"')
                *q++ = '\\';
        }
        *q++ = *p;
        p++;
    }

    if (need_dblquotes)
        *q++ = '"';
    *q++ = '\0';

    return new_arg;
}

/*
 * Generate a string for a Win32 error.
 */
#define ERRBUF_SIZE    1024
static const char *
win32strerror(DWORD error)
{
    static char errbuf[ERRBUF_SIZE+1];
    size_t errlen;
    char *p;

    FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
		   NULL, error, 0, errbuf, ERRBUF_SIZE, NULL);

    /*
     * "FormatMessage()" "helpfully" sticks CR/LF at the end of the
     * message.  Get rid of it.
     */
    errlen = strlen(errbuf);
    if (errlen >= 2) {
        errbuf[errlen - 1] = '\0';
        errbuf[errlen - 2] = '\0';
    }
    p = strchr(errbuf, '\0');
    g_snprintf(p, (gulong)(sizeof errbuf - (p-errbuf)), " (%lu)", error);
    return errbuf;
}

/*
 * Generate a string for a Win32 exception code.
 */
static const char *
win32strexception(DWORD exception)
{
    static char errbuf[ERRBUF_SIZE+1];
    static const struct exception_msg {
        int code;
        char *msg;
    } exceptions[] = {
        { EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "Access violation" },
        { EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED, "Array bounds exceeded" },
        { EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT, "Breakpoint" },
        { EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT, "Data type misalignment" },
        { EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND, "Denormal floating-point operand" },
        { EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Floating-point divide by zero" },
        { EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT, "Floating-point inexact result" },
        { EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION, "Invalid floating-point operation" },
        { EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW, "Floating-point overflow" },
        { EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK, "Floating-point stack check" },
        { EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW, "Floating-point underflow" },
        { EXCEPTION_GUARD_PAGE, "Guard page violation" },
        { EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION, "Illegal instruction" },
        { EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR, "Page-in error" },
        { EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Integer divide by zero" },
        { EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW, "Integer overflow" },
        { EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION, "Invalid disposition" },
        { EXCEPTION_INVALID_HANDLE, "Invalid handle" },
        { EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION, "Non-continuable exception" },
        { EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION, "Privileged instruction" },
        { EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP, "Single-step complete" },
        { EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "Stack overflow" },
        { 0, NULL }
    };
#define N_EXCEPTIONS    (sizeof exceptions / sizeof exceptions[0])
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < N_EXCEPTIONS; i++) {
        if (exceptions[i].code == exception)
            return exceptions[i].msg;
    }
    g_snprintf(errbuf, (gulong)sizeof errbuf, "Exception 0x%08x", exception);
    return errbuf;
}
#endif

/* Initialize an argument list and add dumpcap to it. */
static char **
init_pipe_args(int *argc) {
    char **argv;
    const char *progfile_dir;
    char *exename;

    progfile_dir = get_progfile_dir();
    if (progfile_dir == NULL) {
      return NULL;
    }

    /* Allocate the string pointer array with enough space for the
       terminating NULL pointer. */
    *argc = 0;
    argv = (char **)g_malloc(sizeof (char *));
    *argv = NULL;

    /* take Wireshark's absolute program path and replace "Wireshark" with "dumpcap" */
    exename = g_strdup_printf("%s" G_DIR_SEPARATOR_S "dumpcap", progfile_dir);

    /* Make that the first argument in the argument list (argv[0]). */
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, argc, exename);

    /* sync_pipe_add_arg strdupes exename, so we should free our copy */
    g_free(exename);

    return argv;
}

#define ARGV_NUMBER_LEN 24
/* a new capture run: start a new dumpcap task and hand over parameters through command line */
gboolean
sync_pipe_start(capture_options *capture_opts, capture_session *cap_session)
{
    char ssnap[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
    char scount[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
    char sfilesize[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
    char sfile_duration[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
    char sring_num_files[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
    char sautostop_files[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
    char sautostop_filesize[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
    char sautostop_duration[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
#ifdef HAVE_PCAP_REMOTE
    char sauth[256];
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETSAMPLING
    char ssampling[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
#endif

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE)
    char buffer_size[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
    HANDLE sync_pipe_read;                  /* pipe used to send messages from child to parent */
    HANDLE sync_pipe_write;                 /* pipe used to send messages from child to parent */
    HANDLE signal_pipe;                     /* named pipe used to send messages from parent to child (currently only stop) */
    GString *args = g_string_sized_new(200);
    gchar *quoted_arg;
    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
    STARTUPINFO si;
    PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
    char control_id[ARGV_NUMBER_LEN];
    gchar *signal_pipe_name;
#else
    char errmsg[1024+1];
    int sync_pipe[2];                       /* pipe used to send messages from child to parent */
    enum PIPES { PIPE_READ, PIPE_WRITE };   /* Constants 0 and 1 for PIPE_READ and PIPE_WRITE */
#endif
    int sync_pipe_read_fd;
    int argc;
    char **argv;
    int i;
    guint j;
    interface_options interface_opts;

    if (capture_opts->ifaces->len > 1)
        capture_opts->use_pcapng = TRUE;
    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "sync_pipe_start");
    capture_opts_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, capture_opts);

    cap_session->fork_child = -1;

    argv = init_pipe_args(&argc);
    if (!argv) {
        /* We don't know where to find dumpcap. */
        report_failure("We don't know where to find dumpcap.");
        return FALSE;
    }

    if (capture_opts->ifaces->len > 1)
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-t");

    if (capture_opts->use_pcapng)
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-n");
    else
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-P");

    if (capture_opts->multi_files_on) {
        if (capture_opts->has_autostop_filesize) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-b");
            g_snprintf(sfilesize, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "filesize:%u",capture_opts->autostop_filesize);
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, sfilesize);
        }

        if (capture_opts->has_file_duration) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-b");
            g_snprintf(sfile_duration, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "duration:%d",capture_opts->file_duration);
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, sfile_duration);
        }

        if (capture_opts->has_ring_num_files) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-b");
            g_snprintf(sring_num_files, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "files:%d",capture_opts->ring_num_files);
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, sring_num_files);
        }

        if (capture_opts->has_autostop_files) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-a");
            g_snprintf(sautostop_files, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "files:%d",capture_opts->autostop_files);
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, sautostop_files);
        }
    } else {
        if (capture_opts->has_autostop_filesize) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-a");
            g_snprintf(sautostop_filesize, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "filesize:%u",capture_opts->autostop_filesize);
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, sautostop_filesize);
        }
    }

    if (capture_opts->has_autostop_packets) {
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-c");
        g_snprintf(scount, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "%d",capture_opts->autostop_packets);
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, scount);
    }

    if (capture_opts->has_autostop_duration) {
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-a");
        g_snprintf(sautostop_duration, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "duration:%d",capture_opts->autostop_duration);
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, sautostop_duration);
    }

    if (capture_opts->group_read_access) {
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-g");
    }

    for (j = 0; j < capture_opts->ifaces->len; j++) {
        interface_opts = g_array_index(capture_opts->ifaces, interface_options, j);

        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-i");
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, interface_opts.name);

        if (interface_opts.cfilter != NULL && strlen(interface_opts.cfilter) != 0) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-f");
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, interface_opts.cfilter);
        }
        if (interface_opts.snaplen != WTAP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-s");
            g_snprintf(ssnap, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "%d", interface_opts.snaplen);
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, ssnap);
        }

        if (interface_opts.linktype != -1) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-y");
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, linktype_val_to_name(interface_opts.linktype));
        }

        if (!interface_opts.promisc_mode) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-p");
        }

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE)
        if (interface_opts.buffer_size != DEFAULT_CAPTURE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-B");
            g_snprintf(buffer_size, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "%d", interface_opts.buffer_size);
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, buffer_size);
        }
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
        if (interface_opts.monitor_mode) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-I");
        }
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_PCAP_REMOTE
        if (interface_opts.datatx_udp)
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-u");

        if (!interface_opts.nocap_rpcap)
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-r");

        if (interface_opts.auth_type == CAPTURE_AUTH_PWD) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-A");
            g_snprintf(sauth, sizeof(sauth), "%s:%s",
                       interface_opts.auth_username,
                       interface_opts.auth_password);
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, sauth);
        }
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETSAMPLING
        if (interface_opts.sampling_method != CAPTURE_SAMP_NONE) {
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-m");
            g_snprintf(ssampling, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "%s:%d",
                       interface_opts.sampling_method == CAPTURE_SAMP_BY_COUNT ? "count" :
                       interface_opts.sampling_method == CAPTURE_SAMP_BY_TIMER ? "timer" :
                       "undef",
                       interface_opts.sampling_param);
            argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, ssampling);
        }
#endif
    }

    /* dumpcap should be running in capture child mode (hidden feature) */
#ifndef DEBUG_CHILD
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-Z");
#ifdef _WIN32
    g_snprintf(control_id, ARGV_NUMBER_LEN, "%d", GetCurrentProcessId());
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, control_id);
#else
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, SIGNAL_PIPE_CTRL_ID_NONE);
#endif
#endif

    if (capture_opts->save_file) {
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-w");
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, capture_opts->save_file);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "argv[%d]: %s", i, argv[i]);
    }

#ifdef _WIN32
    /* init SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES */
    sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
    sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
    sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;

    /* Create a pipe for the child process */
    /* (increase this value if you have trouble while fast capture file switches) */
    if (! CreatePipe(&sync_pipe_read, &sync_pipe_write, &sa, 5120)) {
        /* Couldn't create the pipe between parent and child. */
        report_failure("Couldn't create sync pipe: %s",
                       win32strerror(GetLastError()));
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
            g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
        }
        g_free( (gpointer) argv);
        return FALSE;
    }

    /* Create the signal pipe */
    signal_pipe_name = g_strdup_printf(SIGNAL_PIPE_FORMAT, control_id);
    signal_pipe = CreateNamedPipe(utf_8to16(signal_pipe_name),
                                  PIPE_ACCESS_OUTBOUND, PIPE_TYPE_BYTE, 1, 65535, 65535, 0, NULL);
    g_free(signal_pipe_name);

    if (signal_pipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        /* Couldn't create the signal pipe between parent and child. */
        report_failure("Couldn't create signal pipe: %s",
                       win32strerror(GetLastError()));
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
            g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
        }
        g_free( (gpointer) argv);
        return FALSE;
    }

    /* init STARTUPINFO */
    memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
    si.cb           = sizeof(si);
#ifdef DEBUG_CHILD
    si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
    si.wShowWindow  = SW_SHOW;
#else
    si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES|STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
    si.wShowWindow  = SW_HIDE;  /* this hides the console window */
    si.hStdInput = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
    si.hStdOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    si.hStdError = sync_pipe_write;
    /*si.hStdError = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(2);*/
#endif

    /* convert args array into a single string */
    /* XXX - could change sync_pipe_add_arg() instead */
    /* there is a drawback here: the length is internally limited to 1024 bytes */
    for(i=0; argv[i] != 0; i++) {
        if(i != 0) g_string_append_c(args, ' ');    /* don't prepend a space before the path!!! */
        quoted_arg = protect_arg(argv[i]);
        g_string_append(args, quoted_arg);
        g_free(quoted_arg);
    }

    /* call dumpcap */
    if(!CreateProcess(NULL, utf_8to16(args->str), NULL, NULL, TRUE,
                      CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi)) {
        report_failure("Couldn't run %s in child process: %s",
                       args->str, win32strerror(GetLastError()));
        CloseHandle(sync_pipe_read);
        CloseHandle(sync_pipe_write);
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
            g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
        }
        g_free( (gpointer) argv);
        return FALSE;
    }
    cap_session->fork_child = (int) pi.hProcess;
    g_string_free(args, TRUE);

    /* associate the operating system filehandle to a C run-time file handle */
    /* (good file handle infos at: http://www.flounder.com/handles.htm) */
    sync_pipe_read_fd = _open_osfhandle( (long) sync_pipe_read, _O_BINARY);

    /* associate the operating system filehandle to a C run-time file handle */
    cap_session->signal_pipe_write_fd = _open_osfhandle( (long) signal_pipe, _O_BINARY);

#else /* _WIN32 */
    if (pipe(sync_pipe) < 0) {
        /* Couldn't create the pipe between parent and child. */
        report_failure("Couldn't create sync pipe: %s", g_strerror(errno));
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
            g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
        }
        g_free(argv);
        return FALSE;
    }

    if ((cap_session->fork_child = fork()) == 0) {
        /*
         * Child process - run dumpcap with the right arguments to make
         * it just capture with the specified capture parameters
         */
        dup2(sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE], 2);
        ws_close(sync_pipe[PIPE_READ]);
        execv(argv[0], argv);
        g_snprintf(errmsg, sizeof errmsg, "Couldn't run %s in child process: %s",
                   argv[0], g_strerror(errno));
        sync_pipe_errmsg_to_parent(2, errmsg, "");

        /* Exit with "_exit()", so that we don't close the connection
           to the X server (and cause stuff buffered up by our parent but
           not yet sent to be sent, as that stuff should only be sent by
           our parent).  We've sent an error message to the parent, so
           we exit with an exit status of 1 (any exit status other than
           0 or 1 will cause an additional message to report that exit
           status, over and above the error message we sent to the parent). */
        _exit(1);
    }

    sync_pipe_read_fd = sync_pipe[PIPE_READ];
#endif

    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
    }

    /* Parent process - read messages from the child process over the
       sync pipe. */
    g_free( (gpointer) argv);   /* free up arg array */

    /* Close the write side of the pipe, so that only the child has it
       open, and thus it completely closes, and thus returns to us
       an EOF indication, if the child closes it (either deliberately
       or by exiting abnormally). */
#ifdef _WIN32
    CloseHandle(sync_pipe_write);
#else
    ws_close(sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
#endif

    if (cap_session->fork_child == -1) {
        /* We couldn't even create the child process. */
        report_failure("Couldn't create child process: %s", g_strerror(errno));
        ws_close(sync_pipe_read_fd);
#ifdef _WIN32
        ws_close(cap_session->signal_pipe_write_fd);
#endif
        return FALSE;
    }

    cap_session->fork_child_status = 0;
    cap_session->capture_opts = capture_opts;

    /* we might wait for a moment till child is ready, so update screen now */
    main_window_update();

    /* We were able to set up to read the capture file;
       arrange that our callback be called whenever it's possible
       to read from the sync pipe, so that it's called when
       the child process wants to tell us something. */

    /* we have a running capture, now wait for the real capture filename */
    pipe_input_set_handler(sync_pipe_read_fd, (gpointer) cap_session,
                           &cap_session->fork_child, sync_pipe_input_cb);

    return TRUE;
}

/*
 * Open two pipes to dumpcap with the supplied arguments, one for its
 * standard output and one for its standard error.
 *
 * On success, *msg is unchanged and 0 is returned; data_read_fd,
 * messsage_read_fd, and fork_child point to the standard output pipe's
 * file descriptor, the standard error pipe's file descriptor, and
 * the child's PID/handle, respectively.
 *
 * On failure, *msg points to an error message for the failure, and -1 is
 * returned, in which case *msg must be freed with g_free().
 */
/* XXX - This duplicates a lot of code in sync_pipe_start() */
/* XXX - assumes PIPE_BUF_SIZE > SP_MAX_MSG_LEN */
#define PIPE_BUF_SIZE 5120
static int
sync_pipe_open_command(char** argv, int *data_read_fd,
                       int *message_read_fd, int *fork_child, gchar **msg)
{
    enum PIPES { PIPE_READ, PIPE_WRITE };   /* Constants 0 and 1 for PIPE_READ and PIPE_WRITE */
#ifdef _WIN32
    HANDLE sync_pipe[2];                    /* pipe used to send messages from child to parent */
    HANDLE data_pipe[2];                    /* pipe used to send data from child to parent */
    GString *args = g_string_sized_new(200);
    gchar *quoted_arg;
    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
    STARTUPINFO si;
    PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
#else
    char errmsg[1024+1];
    int sync_pipe[2];                       /* pipe used to send messages from child to parent */
    int data_pipe[2];                       /* pipe used to send data from child to parent */
#endif
    int i;
    *fork_child = -1;
    *data_read_fd = -1;
    *message_read_fd = -1;
    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "sync_pipe_open_command");

    if (!msg) {
        /* We can't return anything */
#ifdef _WIN32
        g_string_free(args, TRUE);
#endif
        return -1;
    }

#ifdef _WIN32
    /* init SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES */
    sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
    sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
    sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;

    /* Create a pipe for the child process to send us messages */
    /* (increase this value if you have trouble while fast capture file switches) */
    if (! CreatePipe(&sync_pipe[PIPE_READ], &sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE], &sa, 5120)) {
        /* Couldn't create the message pipe between parent and child. */
        *msg = g_strdup_printf("Couldn't create sync pipe: %s",
                               win32strerror(GetLastError()));
        for (i = 0; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
            g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
        }
        g_free( (gpointer) argv);
        return -1;
    }

    /* Create a pipe for the child process to send us data */
    /* (increase this value if you have trouble while fast capture file switches) */
    if (! CreatePipe(&data_pipe[PIPE_READ], &data_pipe[PIPE_WRITE], &sa, 5120)) {
        /* Couldn't create the message pipe between parent and child. */
        *msg = g_strdup_printf("Couldn't create data pipe: %s",
                               win32strerror(GetLastError()));
        CloseHandle(sync_pipe[PIPE_READ]);
        CloseHandle(sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
        for (i = 0; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
            g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
        }
        g_free( (gpointer) argv);
        return -1;
    }

    /* init STARTUPINFO */
    memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
    si.cb           = sizeof(si);
#ifdef DEBUG_CHILD
    si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
    si.wShowWindow  = SW_SHOW;
#else
    si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES|STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
    si.wShowWindow  = SW_HIDE;  /* this hides the console window */
    si.hStdInput = NULL;
    si.hStdOutput = data_pipe[PIPE_WRITE];
    si.hStdError = sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE];
#endif

    /* convert args array into a single string */
    /* XXX - could change sync_pipe_add_arg() instead */
    /* there is a drawback here: the length is internally limited to 1024 bytes */
    for(i=0; argv[i] != 0; i++) {
        if(i != 0) g_string_append_c(args, ' ');    /* don't prepend a space before the path!!! */
        quoted_arg = protect_arg(argv[i]);
        g_string_append(args, quoted_arg);
        g_free(quoted_arg);
    }

    /* call dumpcap */
    if(!CreateProcess(NULL, utf_8to16(args->str), NULL, NULL, TRUE,
                      CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi)) {
        *msg = g_strdup_printf("Couldn't run %s in child process: %s",
                               args->str, win32strerror(GetLastError()));
        CloseHandle(data_pipe[PIPE_READ]);
        CloseHandle(data_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
        CloseHandle(sync_pipe[PIPE_READ]);
        CloseHandle(sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
        for (i = 0; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
            g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
        }
        g_free( (gpointer) argv);
        return -1;
    }
    *fork_child = (int) pi.hProcess;
    g_string_free(args, TRUE);

    /* associate the operating system filehandles to C run-time file handles */
    /* (good file handle infos at: http://www.flounder.com/handles.htm) */
    *data_read_fd = _open_osfhandle( (long) data_pipe[PIPE_READ], _O_BINARY);
    *message_read_fd = _open_osfhandle( (long) sync_pipe[PIPE_READ], _O_BINARY);
#else /* _WIN32 */
    /* Create a pipe for the child process to send us messages */
    if (pipe(sync_pipe) < 0) {
        /* Couldn't create the message pipe between parent and child. */
        *msg = g_strdup_printf("Couldn't create sync pipe: %s", g_strerror(errno));
        for (i = 0; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
            g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
        }
        g_free(argv);
        return -1;
    }

    /* Create a pipe for the child process to send us data */
    if (pipe(data_pipe) < 0) {
        /* Couldn't create the data pipe between parent and child. */
        *msg = g_strdup_printf("Couldn't create data pipe: %s", g_strerror(errno));
        ws_close(sync_pipe[PIPE_READ]);
        ws_close(sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
        for (i = 0; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
            g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
        }
        g_free(argv);
        return -1;
    }

    if ((*fork_child = fork()) == 0) {
        /*
         * Child process - run dumpcap with the right arguments to make
         * it just capture with the specified capture parameters
         */
        dup2(data_pipe[PIPE_WRITE], 1);
        ws_close(data_pipe[PIPE_READ]);
        ws_close(data_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
        dup2(sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE], 2);
        ws_close(sync_pipe[PIPE_READ]);
        ws_close(sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
        execv(argv[0], argv);
        g_snprintf(errmsg, sizeof errmsg, "Couldn't run %s in child process: %s",
                   argv[0], g_strerror(errno));
        sync_pipe_errmsg_to_parent(2, errmsg, "");

        /* Exit with "_exit()", so that we don't close the connection
           to the X server (and cause stuff buffered up by our parent but
           not yet sent to be sent, as that stuff should only be sent by
           our parent).  We've sent an error message to the parent, so
           we exit with an exit status of 1 (any exit status other than
           0 or 1 will cause an additional message to report that exit
           status, over and above the error message we sent to the parent). */
        _exit(1);
    }

    *data_read_fd = data_pipe[PIPE_READ];
    *message_read_fd = sync_pipe[PIPE_READ];
#endif

    for (i = 0; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
        g_free( (gpointer) argv[i]);
    }

    /* Parent process - read messages from the child process over the
       sync pipe. */
    g_free( (gpointer) argv);   /* free up arg array */

    /* Close the write sides of the pipes, so that only the child has them
       open, and thus they completely close, and thus return to us
       an EOF indication, if the child closes them (either deliberately
       or by exiting abnormally). */
#ifdef _WIN32
    CloseHandle(data_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
    CloseHandle(sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
#else
    ws_close(data_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
    ws_close(sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
#endif

    if (*fork_child == -1) {
        /* We couldn't even create the child process. */
        *msg = g_strdup_printf("Couldn't create child process: %s", g_strerror(errno));
        ws_close(*data_read_fd);
        ws_close(*message_read_fd);
        return -1;
    }

    /* we might wait for a moment till child is ready, so update screen now */
    main_window_update();
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Close the pipes we're using to read from dumpcap, and wait for it
 * to exit.  On success, *msgp is unchanged, and the exit status of
 * dumpcap is returned.  On failure (which includes "dumpcap exited
 * due to being killed by a signal or an exception"), *msgp points
 * to an error message for the failure, and -1 is returned.  In the
 * latter case, *msgp must be freed with g_free().
 */
static int
sync_pipe_close_command(int *data_read_fd, int *message_read_fd,
                        int *fork_child, gchar **msgp)
{
    ws_close(*data_read_fd);
    if (message_read_fd != NULL)
        ws_close(*message_read_fd);

#ifdef _WIN32
    /* XXX - Should we signal the child somehow? */
    sync_pipe_kill(*fork_child);
#endif

    return sync_pipe_wait_for_child(*fork_child, msgp);
}

/*
 * Run dumpcap with the supplied arguments.
 *
 * On success, *data points to a buffer containing the dumpcap output,
 * *primary_msg and *secondary_message are NULL, and 0 is returned; *data
 * must be freed with g_free().
 *
 * On failure, *data is NULL, *primary_msg points to an error message,
 * *secondary_msg either points to an additional error message or is
 * NULL, and -1 is returned; *primary_msg, and *secondary_msg if not NULL,
 * must be freed with g_free().
 */
/* XXX - This duplicates a lot of code in sync_pipe_start() */
/* XXX - assumes PIPE_BUF_SIZE > SP_MAX_MSG_LEN */
#define PIPE_BUF_SIZE 5120
static int
sync_pipe_run_command_actual(char** argv, gchar **data, gchar **primary_msg,
                      gchar **secondary_msg)
{
    gchar *msg;
    int data_pipe_read_fd, sync_pipe_read_fd, fork_child, ret;
    char *wait_msg;
    gchar buffer[PIPE_BUF_SIZE+1];
    ssize_t nread;
    char indicator;
    int  primary_msg_len;
    char *primary_msg_text;
    int  secondary_msg_len;
    char *secondary_msg_text;
    char *combined_msg;
    GString *data_buf = NULL;
    ssize_t count;

    ret = sync_pipe_open_command(argv, &data_pipe_read_fd, &sync_pipe_read_fd,
                                 &fork_child, &msg);
    if (ret == -1) {
        *primary_msg = msg;
        *secondary_msg = NULL;
        *data = NULL;
        return -1;
    }

    /*
     * We were able to set up to read dumpcap's output.  Do so.
     *
     * First, wait for an SP_ERROR_MSG message or SP_SUCCESS message.
     */
    nread = pipe_read_block(sync_pipe_read_fd, &indicator, SP_MAX_MSG_LEN,
                            buffer, primary_msg);
    if(nread <= 0) {
        /* We got a read error from the sync pipe, or we got no data at
           all from the sync pipe, so we're not going to be getting any
           data or error message from the child process.  Pick up its
           exit status, and complain.

           We don't have to worry about killing the child, if the sync pipe
           returned an error. Usually this error is caused as the child killed
           itself while going down. Even in the rare cases that this isn't the
           case, the child will get an error when writing to the broken pipe
           the next time, cleaning itself up then. */
        ret = sync_pipe_wait_for_child(fork_child, &wait_msg);
        if(nread == 0) {
            /* We got an EOF from the sync pipe.  That means that it exited
               before giving us any data to read.  If ret is -1, we report
               that as a bad exit (e.g., exiting due to a signal); otherwise,
               we report it as a premature exit. */
            if (ret == -1)
                *primary_msg = wait_msg;
            else
                *primary_msg = g_strdup("Child dumpcap closed sync pipe prematurely");
        } else {
            /* We got an error from the sync pipe.  If ret is -1, report
               both the sync pipe I/O error and the wait error. */
            if (ret == -1) {
                combined_msg = g_strdup_printf("%s\n\n%s", *primary_msg, wait_msg);
                g_free(*primary_msg);
                g_free(wait_msg);
                *primary_msg = combined_msg;
            }
        }
        *secondary_msg = NULL;

        return -1;
    }

    /* we got a valid message block from the child, process it */
    switch(indicator) {

    case SP_ERROR_MSG:
        /*
         * Error from dumpcap; there will be a primary message and a
         * secondary message.
         */

        /* convert primary message */
        pipe_convert_header((guchar*)buffer, 4, &indicator, &primary_msg_len);
        primary_msg_text = buffer+4;
        /* convert secondary message */
        pipe_convert_header((guchar*)primary_msg_text + primary_msg_len, 4, &indicator,
                            &secondary_msg_len);
        secondary_msg_text = primary_msg_text + primary_msg_len + 4;
        /* the capture child will close the sync_pipe, nothing to do */

        /*
         * Pick up the child status.
         */
        ret = sync_pipe_close_command(&data_pipe_read_fd, &sync_pipe_read_fd,
                                      &fork_child, &msg);
        if (ret == -1) {
            /*
             * Child process failed unexpectedly, or wait failed; msg is the
             * error message.
             */
            *primary_msg = msg;
            *secondary_msg = NULL;
        } else {
            /*
             * Child process failed, but returned the expected exit status.
             * Return the messages it gave us, and indicate failure.
             */
            *primary_msg = g_strdup(primary_msg_text);
            *secondary_msg = g_strdup(secondary_msg_text);
            ret = -1;
        }
        *data = NULL;
        break;

    case SP_SUCCESS:
        /* read the output from the command */
        data_buf = g_string_new("");
        while ((count = ws_read(data_pipe_read_fd, buffer, PIPE_BUF_SIZE)) > 0) {
            buffer[count] = '\0';
            g_string_append(data_buf, buffer);
        }

        /*
         * Pick up the child status.
         */
        ret = sync_pipe_close_command(&data_pipe_read_fd, &sync_pipe_read_fd,
                                      &fork_child, &msg);
        if (ret == -1) {
            /*
             * Child process failed unexpectedly, or wait failed; msg is the
             * error message.
             */
            *primary_msg = msg;
            *secondary_msg = NULL;
            g_string_free(data_buf, TRUE);
            *data = NULL;
        } else {
            /*
             * Child process succeeded.
             */
            *primary_msg = NULL;
            *secondary_msg = NULL;
            *data = data_buf->str;
            g_string_free(data_buf, FALSE);
        }
        break;

    default:
        /*
         * Pick up the child status.
         */
        ret = sync_pipe_close_command(&data_pipe_read_fd, &sync_pipe_read_fd,
                                      &fork_child, &msg);
        if (ret == -1) {
            /*
             * Child process failed unexpectedly, or wait failed; msg is the
             * error message.
             */
            *primary_msg = msg;
            *secondary_msg = NULL;
        } else {
            /*
             * Child process returned an unknown status.
             */
            *primary_msg = g_strdup_printf("dumpcap process gave an unexpected message type: 0x%02x",
                                           indicator);
            *secondary_msg = NULL;
            ret = -1;
        }
        *data = NULL;
        break;
    }
    return ret;
}

/* centralised logging and timing for sync_pipe_run_command_actual(), 
* redirects to sync_pipe_run_command_actual()
*/
static int
sync_pipe_run_command(char** argv, gchar **data, gchar **primary_msg,
                      gchar **secondary_msg)
{
    int ret, i;
    GTimeVal start_time;
    GTimeVal end_time;
    float elapsed;
    int logging_enabled;
    
    /* check if logging is actually enabled, otherwise don't expend the CPU generating logging */
    logging_enabled=( (G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG | G_LOG_LEVEL_INFO) & G_LOG_LEVEL_MASK & prefs.console_log_level);
    if(logging_enabled){
        g_get_current_time(&start_time);
        g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "sync_pipe_run_command() starts");
        for(i=0; argv[i] != 0; i++) {
            g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "  argv[%d]: %s", i, argv[i]);
        }
    }
    /* do the actual sync pipe run command */
    ret=sync_pipe_run_command_actual(argv, data, primary_msg, secondary_msg);

    if(logging_enabled){
        g_get_current_time(&end_time);
        elapsed = (float) ((end_time.tv_sec - start_time.tv_sec) +
                           ((end_time.tv_usec - start_time.tv_usec) / 1e6));

        g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "sync_pipe_run_command() ends, taking %.3fs, result=%d", elapsed, ret);

    }
    return ret;
}


int
sync_interface_set_80211_chan(const gchar *iface, const char *freq, const gchar *type,
                              gchar **data, gchar **primary_msg,
                              gchar **secondary_msg)
{
    int argc, ret;
    char **argv;
    gchar *opt;

    argv = init_pipe_args(&argc);

    if (!argv) {
        *primary_msg = g_strdup("We don't know where to find dumpcap.");
        *secondary_msg = NULL;
        *data = NULL;
        return -1;
    }

    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-i");
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, iface);

    if (type)
        opt = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", freq, type);
    else
        opt = g_strdup_printf("%s", freq);

    if (!opt) {
        *primary_msg = g_strdup("Out of mem.");
        *secondary_msg = NULL;
        *data = NULL;
        return -1;
    }

    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-k");
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, opt);

#ifndef DEBUG_CHILD
    /* Run dumpcap in capture child mode */
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-Z");
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, SIGNAL_PIPE_CTRL_ID_NONE);
#endif

    ret = sync_pipe_run_command(argv, data, primary_msg, secondary_msg);
    g_free(opt);
    return ret;
}

/*
 * Get the list of interfaces using dumpcap.
 *
 * On success, *data points to a buffer containing the dumpcap output,
 * *primary_msg and *secondary_msg are NULL, and 0 is returned.  *data
 * must be freed with g_free().
 *
 * On failure, *data is NULL, *primary_msg points to an error message,
 * *secondary_msg either points to an additional error message or is
 * NULL, and -1 is returned; *primary_msg, and *secondary_msg if not NULL,
 * must be freed with g_free().
 */
int
sync_interface_list_open(gchar **data, gchar **primary_msg,
                         gchar **secondary_msg)
{
    int argc;
    char **argv;

    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "sync_interface_list_open");

    argv = init_pipe_args(&argc);

    if (!argv) {
        *primary_msg = g_strdup("We don't know where to find dumpcap.");
        *secondary_msg = NULL;
        *data = NULL;
        return -1;
    }

    /* Ask for the interface list */
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-D");

#ifndef DEBUG_CHILD
    /* Run dumpcap in capture child mode */
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-Z");
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, SIGNAL_PIPE_CTRL_ID_NONE);
#endif
    return sync_pipe_run_command(argv, data, primary_msg, secondary_msg);
}

/*
 * Get the capabilities of an interface using dumpcap.
 *
 * On success, *data points to a buffer containing the dumpcap output,
 * *primary_msg and *secondary_msg are NULL, and 0 is returned.  *data
 * must be freed with g_free().
 *
 * On failure, *data is NULL, *primary_msg points to an error message,
 * *secondary_msg either points to an additional error message or is
 * NULL, and -1 is returned; *primary_msg, and *secondary_msg if not NULL,
 * must be freed with g_free().
 */
int
sync_if_capabilities_open(const gchar *ifname, gboolean monitor_mode,
                          gchar **data, gchar **primary_msg,
                          gchar **secondary_msg)
{
    int argc;
    char **argv;

    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "sync_if_capabilities_open");

    argv = init_pipe_args(&argc);

    if (!argv) {
        *primary_msg = g_strdup("We don't know where to find dumpcap.");
        *secondary_msg = NULL;
        *data = NULL;
        return -1;
    }

    /* Ask for the interface capabilities */
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-i");
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, ifname);
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-L");
    if (monitor_mode)
        argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-I");

#ifndef DEBUG_CHILD
    /* Run dumpcap in capture child mode */
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-Z");
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, SIGNAL_PIPE_CTRL_ID_NONE);
#endif
    return sync_pipe_run_command(argv, data, primary_msg, secondary_msg);
}

/*
 * Start getting interface statistics using dumpcap.  On success, read_fd
 * contains the file descriptor for the pipe's stdout, *msg is unchanged,
 * and zero is returned.  On failure, *msg will point to an error message
 * that must be g_free()d, and -1 will be returned.
 */
int
sync_interface_stats_open(int *data_read_fd, int *fork_child, gchar **msg)
{
    int argc;
    char **argv;
    int message_read_fd, ret;
    char *wait_msg;
    gchar buffer[PIPE_BUF_SIZE+1];
    ssize_t nread;
    char indicator;
    int  primary_msg_len;
    char *primary_msg_text;
    int  secondary_msg_len;
    /*char *secondary_msg_text;*/
    char *combined_msg;

    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "sync_interface_stats_open");

    argv = init_pipe_args(&argc);

    if (!argv) {
        *msg = g_strdup("We don't know where to find dumpcap.");
        return -1;
    }

    /* Ask for the interface statistics */
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-S");

#ifndef DEBUG_CHILD
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, "-Z");
    argv = sync_pipe_add_arg(argv, &argc, SIGNAL_PIPE_CTRL_ID_NONE);
#endif
    ret = sync_pipe_open_command(argv, data_read_fd, &message_read_fd,
                                 fork_child, msg);
    if (ret == -1)
        return -1;

    /*
     * We were able to set up to read dumpcap's output.  Do so.
     *
     * First, wait for an SP_ERROR_MSG message or SP_SUCCESS message.
     */
    nread = pipe_read_block(message_read_fd, &indicator, SP_MAX_MSG_LEN,
                            buffer, msg);
    if(nread <= 0) {
        /* We got a read error from the sync pipe, or we got no data at
           all from the sync pipe, so we're not going to be getting any
           data or error message from the child process.  Pick up its
           exit status, and complain.

           We don't have to worry about killing the child, if the sync pipe
           returned an error. Usually this error is caused as the child killed
           itself while going down. Even in the rare cases that this isn't the
           case, the child will get an error when writing to the broken pipe
           the next time, cleaning itself up then. */
        ret = sync_pipe_wait_for_child(*fork_child, &wait_msg);
        if(nread == 0) {
            /* We got an EOF from the sync pipe.  That means that it exited
               before giving us any data to read.  If ret is -1, we report
               that as a bad exit (e.g., exiting due to a signal); otherwise,
               we report it as a premature exit. */
            if (ret == -1)
                *msg = wait_msg;
            else
                *msg = g_strdup("Child dumpcap closed sync pipe prematurely");
        } else {
            /* We got an error from the sync pipe.  If ret is -1, report
               both the sync pipe I/O error and the wait error. */
            if (ret == -1) {
                combined_msg = g_strdup_printf("%s\n\n%s", *msg, wait_msg);
                g_free(*msg);
                g_free(wait_msg);
                *msg = combined_msg;
            }
        }

        return -1;
    }

    /* we got a valid message block from the child, process it */
    switch(indicator) {

    case SP_ERROR_MSG:
        /*
         * Error from dumpcap; there will be a primary message and a
         * secondary message.
         */

        /* convert primary message */
        pipe_convert_header((guchar*)buffer, 4, &indicator, &primary_msg_len);
        primary_msg_text = buffer+4;
        /* convert secondary message */
        pipe_convert_header((guchar*)primary_msg_text + primary_msg_len, 4, &indicator,
                            &secondary_msg_len);
        /*secondary_msg_text = primary_msg_text + primary_msg_len + 4;*/
        /* the capture child will close the sync_pipe, nothing to do */

        /*
         * Pick up the child status.
         */
        ret = sync_pipe_close_command(data_read_fd, &message_read_fd,
                                      fork_child, msg);
        if (ret == -1) {
            /*
             * Child process failed unexpectedly, or wait failed; msg is the
             * error message.
             */
        } else {
            /*
             * Child process failed, but returned the expected exit status.
             * Return the messages it gave us, and indicate failure.
             */
            *msg = g_strdup(primary_msg_text);
            ret = -1;
        }
        break;

    case SP_SUCCESS:
        /* Close the message pipe. */
        ws_close(message_read_fd);
        break;

    default:
        /*
         * Pick up the child status.
         */
        ret = sync_pipe_close_command(data_read_fd, &message_read_fd,
                                      fork_child, msg);
        if (ret == -1) {
            /*
             * Child process failed unexpectedly, or wait failed; msg is the
             * error message.
             */
        } else {
            /*
             * Child process returned an unknown status.
             */
            *msg = g_strdup_printf("dumpcap process gave an unexpected message type: 0x%02x",
                                   indicator);
            ret = -1;
        }
        break;
    }
    return ret;
}

/* Close down the stats process */
int
sync_interface_stats_close(int *read_fd, int *fork_child, gchar **msg)
{
#ifndef _WIN32
    /*
     * Don't bother waiting for the child. sync_pipe_close_command
     * does this for us on Windows.
     */
    sync_pipe_kill(*fork_child);
#endif
    return sync_pipe_close_command(read_fd, NULL, fork_child, msg);
}

/* read a number of bytes from a pipe */
/* (blocks until enough bytes read or an error occurs) */
static ssize_t
pipe_read_bytes(int pipe_fd, char *bytes, int required, char **msg)
{
    ssize_t newly;
    ssize_t offset = 0;
    int error;

    while(required) {
        newly = read(pipe_fd, &bytes[offset], required);
        if (newly == 0) {
            /* EOF */
            g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
                  "read from pipe %d: EOF (capture closed?)", pipe_fd);
            *msg = 0;
            return offset;
        }
        if (newly < 0) {
            /* error */
            error = errno;
            g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
                  "read from pipe %d: error(%u): %s", pipe_fd, error,
                  g_strerror(error));
            *msg = g_strdup_printf("Error reading from sync pipe: %s",
                                   g_strerror(error));
            return newly;
        }

        required -= (int)newly;
        offset += newly;
    }

    *msg = NULL;
    return offset;
}

static gboolean pipe_data_available(int pipe_fd) {
#ifdef _WIN32 /* PeekNamedPipe */
    HANDLE hPipe = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(pipe_fd);
    DWORD bytes_avail;

    if (hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        return FALSE;

    if (! PeekNamedPipe(hPipe, NULL, 0, NULL, &bytes_avail, NULL))
        return FALSE;

    if (bytes_avail > 0)
        return TRUE;
    return FALSE;
#else /* select */
    fd_set rfds;
    struct timeval timeout;

    FD_ZERO(&rfds);
    FD_SET(pipe_fd, &rfds);
    timeout.tv_sec = 0;
    timeout.tv_usec = 0;

    if (select(pipe_fd+1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout) > 0)
        return TRUE;

    return FALSE;
#endif
}

/* Read a line from a pipe, similar to fgets */
int
sync_pipe_gets_nonblock(int pipe_fd, char *bytes, int max) {
    ssize_t newly;
    int offset = -1;

    while(offset < max - 1) {
        offset++;
        if (! pipe_data_available(pipe_fd))
            break;
        newly = read(pipe_fd, &bytes[offset], 1);
        if (newly == 0) {
            /* EOF - not necessarily an error */
            break;
        } else if (newly == -1) {
            /* error */
            g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
                  "read from pipe %d: error(%u): %s", pipe_fd, errno, g_strerror(errno));
            return -1;
        } else if (bytes[offset] == '\n') {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (offset >= 0)
        bytes[offset] = '\0';

    return offset;
}


/* convert header values (indicator and 3-byte length) */
static void
pipe_convert_header(const guchar *header, int header_len, char *indicator, int *block_len) {

    g_assert(header_len == 4);

    /* convert header values */
    *indicator = header[0];
    *block_len = (header[1]&0xFF)<<16 | (header[2]&0xFF)<<8 | (header[3]&0xFF);
}

/* read a message from the sending pipe in the standard format
   (1-byte message indicator, 3-byte message length (excluding length
   and indicator field), and the rest is the message) */
static ssize_t
pipe_read_block(int pipe_fd, char *indicator, int len, char *msg,
                char **err_msg)
{
    int required;
    ssize_t newly;
    gchar header[4];

    /* read header (indicator and 3-byte length) */
    newly = pipe_read_bytes(pipe_fd, header, 4, err_msg);
    if(newly != 4) {
        if (newly == 0) {
            /*
             * Immediate EOF; if the capture child exits normally, this
             * is an "I'm done" indication, so don't report it as an
             * error.
             */
            g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
                  "read %d got an EOF", pipe_fd);
            return 0;
        }
        g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
              "read %d failed to read header: %lu", pipe_fd, (long)newly);
        if (newly != -1) {
            /*
             * Short read, but not an immediate EOF.
             */
            *err_msg = g_strdup_printf("Premature EOF reading from sync pipe: got only %ld bytes",
                                       (long)newly);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /* convert header values */
    pipe_convert_header((guchar*)header, 4, indicator, &required);

    /* only indicator with no value? */
    if(required == 0) {
        g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
              "read %d indicator: %c empty value", pipe_fd, *indicator);
        return 4;
    }

    /* does the data fit into the given buffer? */
    if(required > len) {
        g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
              "read %d length error, required %d > len %d, header: 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x",
              pipe_fd, required, len,
              header[0], header[1], header[2], header[3]);

        /* we have a problem here, try to read some more bytes from the pipe to debug where the problem really is */
        memcpy(msg, header, sizeof(header));
        newly = read(pipe_fd, &msg[sizeof(header)], len-sizeof(header));
	if (newly < 0) { /* error */
	    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
		  "read from pipe %d: error(%u): %s", pipe_fd, errno, g_strerror(errno));
	}
        *err_msg = g_strdup_printf("Unknown message from dumpcap, try to show it as a string: %s",
                                   msg);
        return -1;
    }
    len = required;

    /* read the actual block data */
    newly = pipe_read_bytes(pipe_fd, msg, required, err_msg);
    if(newly != required) {
        if (newly != -1) {
            *err_msg = g_strdup_printf("Unknown message from dumpcap, try to show it as a string: %s",
                                       msg);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /* XXX If message is "2part", the msg probably won't be sent to debug log correctly */
    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
          "read %d ok indicator: %c len: %u msg: %s", pipe_fd, *indicator,
          len, msg);
    *err_msg = NULL;
    return newly + 4;
}


/* There's stuff to read from the sync pipe, meaning the child has sent
   us a message, or the sync pipe has closed, meaning the child has
   closed it (perhaps because it exited). */
static gboolean
sync_pipe_input_cb(gint source, gpointer user_data)
{
    capture_session *cap_session = (capture_session *)user_data;
    int  ret;
    char buffer[SP_MAX_MSG_LEN+1];
    ssize_t nread;
    char indicator;
    int  primary_len;
    char *primary_msg;
    int  secondary_len;
    char *secondary_msg;
    char *wait_msg, *combined_msg;
    int npackets;

    nread = pipe_read_block(source, &indicator, SP_MAX_MSG_LEN, buffer,
                            &primary_msg);
    if(nread <= 0) {
        /* We got a read error, or a bad message, or an EOF, from the sync pipe.

           If we got a read error or a bad message, nread is -1 and
           primary_msg is set to point to an error message.  We don't
           have to worry about killing the child; usually this error
           is caused as the child killed  itself while going down.
           Even in the rare cases that this isn't the case, the child
           will get an error when writing to the broken pipe the next time,
           cleaning itself up then.

           If we got an EOF, nread is 0 and primary_msg isn't set.  This
           is an indication that the capture is finished. */
        ret = sync_pipe_wait_for_child(cap_session->fork_child, &wait_msg);
        if(nread == 0) {
            /* We got an EOF from the sync pipe.  That means that the capture
               child exited, and not in the middle of a message; we treat
               that as an indication that it's done, and only report an
               error if ret is -1, in which case wait_msg is the error
               message. */
            if (ret == -1)
                primary_msg = wait_msg;
        } else {
            /* We got an error from the sync pipe.  If ret is -1, report
               both the sync pipe I/O error and the wait error. */
            if (ret == -1) {
                combined_msg = g_strdup_printf("%s\n\n%s", primary_msg, wait_msg);
                g_free(primary_msg);
                g_free(wait_msg);
                primary_msg = combined_msg;
            }
        }

        /* No more child process. */
        cap_session->fork_child = -1;
        cap_session->fork_child_status = ret;

#ifdef _WIN32
        ws_close(cap_session->signal_pipe_write_fd);
#endif
        capture_input_closed(cap_session, primary_msg);
        g_free(primary_msg);
        return FALSE;
    }

    /* we got a valid message block from the child, process it */
    switch(indicator) {
    case SP_FILE:
        if(!capture_input_new_file(cap_session, buffer)) {
            g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "sync_pipe_input_cb: file failed, closing capture");

            /* We weren't able to open the new capture file; user has been
               alerted. Close the sync pipe. */
            ws_close(source);

            /* The child has sent us a filename which we couldn't open.

               This could mean that the child is creating files faster
	       than we can handle it.  (XXX - why would that result in
	       a failure to open the file?)

               That should only be the case for very fast file switches;
               We can't do much more than telling the child to stop.
               (This is the "emergency brake" if the user e.g. wants to
	       switch files every second).

               This can also happen if the user specified "-", meaning
               "standard output", as the capture file. */
            sync_pipe_stop(cap_session);
            capture_input_closed(cap_session, NULL);
            return FALSE;
        }
        break;
    case SP_PACKET_COUNT:
        npackets = atoi(buffer);
        g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "sync_pipe_input_cb: new packets %u", npackets);
        capture_input_new_packets(cap_session, npackets);
        break;
    case SP_ERROR_MSG:
        /* convert primary message */
        pipe_convert_header((guchar*)buffer, 4, &indicator, &primary_len);
        primary_msg = buffer+4;
        /* convert secondary message */
        pipe_convert_header((guchar*)primary_msg + primary_len, 4, &indicator, &secondary_len);
        secondary_msg = primary_msg + primary_len + 4;
        /* message output */
        capture_input_error_message(cap_session, primary_msg, secondary_msg);
        /* the capture child will close the sync_pipe, nothing to do for now */
        /* (an error message doesn't mean we have to stop capturing) */
        break;
    case SP_BAD_FILTER: {
        char *ch;
        int indx;

        ch = strtok(buffer, ":");
        indx = (int)strtol(ch, NULL, 10);
        ch = strtok(NULL, ":");
        capture_input_cfilter_error_message(cap_session, indx, ch);
         /* the capture child will close the sync_pipe, nothing to do for now */
         break;
        }
    case SP_DROPS:
        capture_input_drops(cap_session, (guint32)strtoul(buffer, NULL, 10));
        break;
    default:
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }

    return TRUE;
}



/*
 * dumpcap is exiting; wait for it to exit.  On success, *msgp is
 * unchanged, and the exit status of dumpcap is returned.  On
 * failure (which includes "dumpcap exited due to being killed by
 * a signal or an exception"), *msgp points to an error message
 * for the failure, and -1 is returned.  In the latter case, *msgp
 * must be freed with g_free().
 */
static int
sync_pipe_wait_for_child(int fork_child, gchar **msgp)
{
    int fork_child_status;
    int ret;
    GTimeVal start_time;
    GTimeVal end_time;
    float elapsed;

    /*
     * GLIB_CHECK_VERSION(2,28,0) adds g_get_real_time which could minimize or
     * replace this
     */
    g_get_current_time(&start_time);

    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "sync_pipe_wait_for_child: wait till child closed");
    g_assert(fork_child != -1);

    *msgp = NULL; /* assume no error */
#ifdef _WIN32
    if (_cwait(&fork_child_status, fork_child, _WAIT_CHILD) == -1) {
        *msgp = g_strdup_printf("Error from cwait(): %s", g_strerror(errno));
        ret = -1;
    } else {
        /*
         * The child exited; return its exit status.  Do not treat this as
         * an error.
         */
        ret = fork_child_status;
        if ((fork_child_status & 0xC0000000) == ERROR_SEVERITY_ERROR) {
            /* Probably an exception code */
            *msgp = g_strdup_printf("Child dumpcap process died: %s",
                                    win32strexception(fork_child_status));
            ret = -1;
        }
    }
#else
    if (waitpid(fork_child, &fork_child_status, 0) != -1) {
        if (WIFEXITED(fork_child_status)) {
            /*
             * The child exited; return its exit status.  Do not treat this as
             * an error.
             */
            ret = WEXITSTATUS(fork_child_status);
        } else if (WIFSTOPPED(fork_child_status)) {
            /* It stopped, rather than exiting.  "Should not happen." */
            *msgp = g_strdup_printf("Child dumpcap process stopped: %s",
                                    sync_pipe_signame(WSTOPSIG(fork_child_status)));
            ret = -1;
        } else if (WIFSIGNALED(fork_child_status)) {
            /* It died with a signal. */
            *msgp = g_strdup_printf("Child dumpcap process died: %s%s",
                                    sync_pipe_signame(WTERMSIG(fork_child_status)),
                                    WCOREDUMP(fork_child_status) ? " - core dumped" : "");
            ret = -1;
        } else {
            /* What?  It had to either have exited, or stopped, or died with
               a signal; what happened here? */
            *msgp = g_strdup_printf("Bad status from waitpid(): %#o",
                                    fork_child_status);
            ret = -1;
        }
    } else {
        *msgp = g_strdup_printf("Error from waitpid(): %s", g_strerror(errno));
        ret = -1;
    }
#endif

    g_get_current_time(&end_time);
    elapsed = (float) ((end_time.tv_sec - start_time.tv_sec) +
                       ((end_time.tv_usec - start_time.tv_usec) / 1e6));
    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "sync_pipe_wait_for_child: capture child closed after %.3fs", elapsed);
    return ret;
}


#ifndef _WIN32
/* convert signal to corresponding name */
static const char *
sync_pipe_signame(int sig)
{
    const char *sigmsg;
    static char sigmsg_buf[6+1+3+1];

    switch (sig) {

    case SIGHUP:
        sigmsg = "Hangup";
        break;

    case SIGINT:
        sigmsg = "Interrupted";
        break;

    case SIGQUIT:
        sigmsg = "Quit";
        break;

    case SIGILL:
        sigmsg = "Illegal instruction";
        break;

    case SIGTRAP:
        sigmsg = "Trace trap";
        break;

    case SIGABRT:
        sigmsg = "Abort";
        break;

    case SIGFPE:
        sigmsg = "Arithmetic exception";
        break;

    case SIGKILL:
        sigmsg = "Killed";
        break;

    case SIGBUS:
        sigmsg = "Bus error";
        break;

    case SIGSEGV:
        sigmsg = "Segmentation violation";
        break;

        /* http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/GCC-HOWTO
           Linux is POSIX compliant.  These are not POSIX-defined signals ---
           ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 (IEEE Std 1003.1-1990), paragraph B.3.3.1.1 sez:

           ``The signals SIGBUS, SIGEMT, SIGIOT, SIGTRAP, and SIGSYS
           were omitted from POSIX.1 because their behavior is
           implementation dependent and could not be adequately catego-
           rized.  Conforming implementations may deliver these sig-
           nals, but must document the circumstances under which they
           are delivered and note any restrictions concerning their
           delivery.''

           So we only check for SIGSYS on those systems that happen to
           implement them (a system can be POSIX-compliant and implement
           them, it's just that POSIX doesn't *require* a POSIX-compliant
           system to implement them).
        */

#ifdef SIGSYS
    case SIGSYS:
        sigmsg = "Bad system call";
        break;
#endif

    case SIGPIPE:
        sigmsg = "Broken pipe";
        break;

    case SIGALRM:
        sigmsg = "Alarm clock";
        break;

    case SIGTERM:
        sigmsg = "Terminated";
        break;

    default:
        /* Returning a static buffer is ok in the context we use it here */
        g_snprintf(sigmsg_buf, sizeof sigmsg_buf, "Signal %d", sig);
        sigmsg = sigmsg_buf;
        break;
    }
    return sigmsg;
}
#endif


#ifdef _WIN32
/* tell the child through the signal pipe that we want to quit the capture */
static void
signal_pipe_capquit_to_child(capture_session *cap_session)
{
    const char quit_msg[] = "QUIT";
    int ret;

    g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE, G_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "signal_pipe_capquit_to_child");

    /* it doesn't matter *what* we send here, the first byte will stop the capture */
    /* simply sending a "QUIT" string */
    /*pipe_write_block(cap_session->signal_pipe_write_fd, SP_QUIT, quit_msg);*/
    ret = write(cap_session->signal_pipe_write_fd, quit_msg, sizeof quit_msg);
    if(ret == -1) {
        g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE_CHILD, G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING,
              "signal_pipe_capquit_to_child: %d header: error %s", cap_session->signal_pipe_write_fd, g_strerror(errno));
    }
}
#endif


/* user wants to stop the capture run */
void
sync_pipe_stop(capture_session *cap_session)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    int count;
    DWORD childstatus;
    gboolean terminate = TRUE;
#endif

    if (cap_session->fork_child != -1) {
#ifndef _WIN32
        /* send the SIGINT signal to close the capture child gracefully. */
        int sts = kill(cap_session->fork_child, SIGINT);
        if (sts != 0) {
            g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE_CHILD, G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING,
                  "Sending SIGINT to child failed: %s\n", g_strerror(errno));
        }
#else
#define STOP_SLEEP_TIME 500 /* ms */
#define STOP_CHECK_TIME 50
        /* First, use the special signal pipe to try to close the capture child
         * gracefully.
         */
        signal_pipe_capquit_to_child(cap_session);

        /* Next, wait for the process to exit on its own */
        for (count = 0; count < STOP_SLEEP_TIME / STOP_CHECK_TIME; count++) {
            if (GetExitCodeProcess((HANDLE) cap_session->fork_child, &childstatus) &&
                childstatus != STILL_ACTIVE) {
                terminate = FALSE;
                break;
            }
            Sleep(STOP_CHECK_TIME);
        }

        /* Force the issue. */
        if (terminate) {
            g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE_CHILD, G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING,
                  "sync_pipe_stop: forcing child to exit");
            sync_pipe_kill(cap_session->fork_child);
        }
#endif
    }
}


/* Wireshark has to exit, force the capture child to close */
void
sync_pipe_kill(int fork_child)
{
    if (fork_child != -1) {
#ifndef _WIN32
        int sts = kill(fork_child, SIGTERM);    /* SIGTERM so it can clean up if necessary */
        if (sts != 0) {
            g_log(LOG_DOMAIN_CAPTURE_CHILD, G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING,
                  "Sending SIGTERM to child failed: %s\n", g_strerror(errno));
        }
#else
        /* Remark: This is not the preferred method of closing a process!
         * the clean way would be getting the process id of the child process,
         * then getting window handle hWnd of that process (using EnumChildWindows),
         * and then do a SendMessage(hWnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
         *
         * Unfortunately, I don't know how to get the process id from the
         * handle.  OpenProcess will get an handle (not a window handle)
         * from the process ID; it will not get a window handle from the
         * process ID.  (How could it?  A process can have more than one
         * window.  For that matter, a process might have *no* windows,
         * as a process running dumpcap, the normal child process program,
         * probably does.)
         *
         * Hint: GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent() will only work if both processes are
         * running in the same console; that's not necessarily the case for
         * us, as we might not be running in a console.
         * And this also will require to have the process id.
         */
        TerminateProcess((HANDLE) (fork_child), 0);
#endif
    }
}

#endif /* HAVE_LIBPCAP */