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<h1 class="headline">The Nobel Prizes: <em>So male?</em></h1>
<h2 class="byline">By <a href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/harry-stevens">Harry Stevens</a> | 9 October, 2017</h2>
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<p class="dek">For over a hundred years, men have dominated the Nobel Prizes. And even as women have entered public life, men continue to win most of the prizes. Why?</p>
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<div class="viz-title">Nobel Prize Winners, <span class="year-range">2017</span></div>
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<p>The last of 2017’s Nobel Prizes was announced today, with Richard Thaler, the pathbreaking behavioural economist, receiving the prize in economics. He joined 10 other <span class="inline male">men</span> and one <span class="inline org">organisation</span> as this year’s batch of laureates. <span class="instructions desktop-only">Hover over the dots to learn more about the winners.</span></p>
<img class="mobile-only" src="img/winners-2017.png" />
<p>The group does not include a single <span class="inline female">woman</span>. It makes you wonder — is that normal? Let’s go back in time to find out. <span class="instructions">Scroll <i class="fa fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></p>
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<p>Last year, 11 men won Nobel Prizes. Among them were the Colombian politician Juan Manuel Santos, who negotiated a peace treaty to end his country’s civil war, and the legendary American musician Bob Dylan.</p>
<img class="mobile-only" src="img/winners-2016.png" />
<p>But again, the Nobel judges did not find any women worthy of the prize. There is an old saying: two is a coincidence, three is a trend. So how about the year before? <span class="instructions">Scroll <i class="fa fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></p>
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<p>In 2015, two women — the Ukranian writer Svetlana Alexievich and the Chinese chemist Youyou Tuwon — won Nobel Prizes. They were joined by eight men and one organisation. <span class="instructions">Scroll <i class="fa fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></p>
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<p>Let’s do a quick tally: in the last three years, two of the winners have been organisations, two have been women, and 29 have been men.</p>
<img class="mobile-only" src="img/winners-15-17.png" />
<p>That's about <span class="inline org">6%</span>, <span class="inline female">6%</span> and <span class="inline male">88%</span>, respectively. <br /><span class="instructions">Scroll <i class="fa fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></p>
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<p>If we take a slightly longer view — all winners since the turn of the century — we get similar results: 8 organisations <span class="inline org">4%</span>, 19 women <span class="inline female">9%</span>, and 189 men <span class="inline male">87%</span>. <span class="instructions">Scroll <i class="fa fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></p>
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<p class="mobile-only">Since 1901, the Nobel Prizes have been awarded to 27 organisations <span class="inline org">3%</span>, 49 women <span class="inline female">5%</span>, and 847 men <span class="inline male">92%</span>.</p>
<p class="desktop-only"><span class="sentence-range">Since 1901</span>, the Nobel Prizes have been awarded to <span class="sentence-org"></span>, <span class="sentence-female"></span>, and <span class="sentence-male"></span>. <span class="instructions desktop-only">Due to rounding, the percentages might not add up to 100.</span></p>
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<p class="desktop-only">Use the slider to adjust the years. Try to find any span of time in which more women won than men.</p>
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<p>To be sure, the brilliant men who have received the Nobel Prize deserved the honour. Still, it’s a wonder that they have not been joined by more women.</p>
<p>One possibility is that women simply do not participate in academia as much as men do. But that explanation is unlikely. The statistician <a href="https://www.statslife.org.uk/science-technology/2985-the-nobel-prize-gender-gap">Melanie Kovalchik found</a> that up until the 1970s, women received Nobel Prizes in science roughly in proportion to the number of women who were professional scientists. But as the number of women scientists increased in the following decades, their Nobel Prize wins did not.</p>
<p>The same phenomenon has played out across all six Nobel categories. Even as women have claimed more space for themselves in public life, the Nobel Prize awards have not kept pace.</p>
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<div class="chart-title">Women’s share of Nobel Prizes has not increased much over time</div>
<div class="chart-subtitle">Percent of Nobel Prize wins by gender, per decade, 1901-2017</div>
<div style="font-size: .8em; margin-top: 5px;"><span class="inline female">Women</span> <span class="inline male">Men</span> <span class="inline org">Organisations</span></div>
<div class="chart-wrapper"></div>
<div class="chart-source">Source: <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/">nobelprize.org</a></div>
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<p>Perhaps the gender imbalance is reflected in the judges’ genders. Of the 36 judges of this year’s prizes, 27 were men and nine were women. Only in the categories of literature and peace were there an equal number of female and male judges. In economics, all six judges were men.</p>
<p>Of course, there is no guarantee that a male judge will favour male nominees, or that a female judge will favour female ones. But whatever the reason, the Nobel committee has acknowledged the gender gap.</p>
<p>“The panel says they are concerned and they are taking measures to improve the situation,” <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/live/2017/oct/09/nobel-prize-in-economics-due-to-be-unveiled-business-live">the Guardian reported</a>. “They think things will improve and hope it will be different in five to ten years time.”
<p style="font-size: .8em; color: #888">Image credit: <a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:Nobel_Prize.png">Wikipedia</a>. Download the data - <a href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/nobel-prizes-so-male/data/all.csv">Winners 1901-2017 (CSV)</a>, <a href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/nobel-prizes-so-male/data/judges.csv">Judges 2017 (CSV)</a>.</p>
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