diff --git a/src/query/src/range_select/plan_rewrite.rs b/src/query/src/range_select/plan_rewrite.rs
index ca7689af20b7..023b61ad095e 100644
--- a/src/query/src/range_select/plan_rewrite.rs
+++ b/src/query/src/range_select/plan_rewrite.rs
@@ -342,6 +342,11 @@ impl RangePlanRewriter {
                         .row_key_column_names()
                         .map(|key| Expr::Column(Column::new(Some(table_ref.clone()), key)))
                         .collect();
+                    // If the user does not specify a primary key when creating a table,
+                    // then by default all data will be aggregated into one time series, which is equivalent to using `by(1)` in SQL
+                    if default_by.is_empty() {
+                        default_by = vec![Expr::Literal(ScalarValue::Int64(Some(1)))];
+                    }
                     time_index_expr = Expr::Column(Column::new(
                         Some(table_ref.clone()),
                         time_index_column.name.clone(),
diff --git a/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/by.result b/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/by.result
index d3f1d7c77810..3c1d83d0bc37 100644
--- a/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/by.result
+++ b/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/by.result
@@ -69,3 +69,39 @@ DROP TABLE host;
 
 Affected Rows: 0
 
+-- Test no primary key and by keyword
+CREATE TABLE host (
+  ts timestamp(3) time index,
+  host STRING,
+  val BIGINT,
+);
+
+Affected Rows: 0
+
+INSERT INTO TABLE host VALUES
+    (0,     'host1', 0),
+    (5000,  'host1', null),
+    (10000, 'host1', 1),
+    (15000, 'host1', null),
+    (20000, 'host1', 2),
+    (0,     'host2', 3),
+    (5000,  'host2', null),
+    (10000, 'host2', 4),
+    (15000, 'host2', null),
+    (20000, 'host2', 5);
+
+Affected Rows: 10
+
+SELECT ts, max(val) RANGE '5s' FROM host ALIGN '20s' ORDER BY ts;
+
++---------------------+----------------------------------+
+| ts                  | MAX(host.val) RANGE 5s FILL NULL |
++---------------------+----------------------------------+
+| 1970-01-01T00:00:00 | 3                                |
+| 1970-01-01T00:00:20 | 5                                |
++---------------------+----------------------------------+
+
+DROP TABLE host;
+
+Affected Rows: 0
+
diff --git a/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/by.sql b/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/by.sql
index 1ee99924cc69..0edb95534ea4 100644
--- a/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/by.sql
+++ b/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/by.sql
@@ -34,3 +34,27 @@ SELECT ts, CAST(length(host) as INT64) + 2, max(val) RANGE '5s' FROM host ALIGN
 SELECT ts, host, max(val) RANGE '5s' FROM host ALIGN '20s' BY () ORDER BY ts;
 
 DROP TABLE host;
+
+-- Test no primary key and by keyword
+
+CREATE TABLE host (
+  ts timestamp(3) time index,
+  host STRING,
+  val BIGINT,
+);
+
+INSERT INTO TABLE host VALUES
+    (0,     'host1', 0),
+    (5000,  'host1', null),
+    (10000, 'host1', 1),
+    (15000, 'host1', null),
+    (20000, 'host1', 2),
+    (0,     'host2', 3),
+    (5000,  'host2', null),
+    (10000, 'host2', 4),
+    (15000, 'host2', null),
+    (20000, 'host2', 5);
+
+SELECT ts, max(val) RANGE '5s' FROM host ALIGN '20s' ORDER BY ts;
+
+DROP TABLE host;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/error.result b/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/error.result
index cf720ee9f1e3..eeead0c8b2d8 100644
--- a/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/error.result
+++ b/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/error.result
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ SELECT min(val) FROM host ALIGN '5s';
 
 Error: 2000(InvalidSyntax), sql parser error: Illegal Range select, no RANGE keyword found in any SelectItem
 
+SELECT 1 FROM host ALIGN '5s';
+
+Error: 2000(InvalidSyntax), sql parser error: Illegal Range select, no RANGE keyword found in any SelectItem
+
 SELECT min(val) RANGE '10s', max(val) FROM host ALIGN '5s';
 
 Error: 3001(EngineExecuteQuery), No field named "MAX(host.val)". Valid fields are "MIN(host.val) RANGE 10s FILL NULL", host.ts, host.host.
diff --git a/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/error.sql b/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/error.sql
index 19cf55d2285e..86ceda4ea1ab 100644
--- a/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/error.sql
+++ b/tests/cases/standalone/common/range/error.sql
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ SELECT min(val) RANGE '5s' FROM host ALIGN 'not_time';
 
 SELECT min(val) FROM host ALIGN '5s';
 
+SELECT 1 FROM host ALIGN '5s';
+
 SELECT min(val) RANGE '10s', max(val) FROM host ALIGN '5s';
 
 SELECT min(val) * 2 RANGE '10s' FROM host ALIGN '5s';