diff --git a/cookbooks/index.md b/cookbooks/index.md index b3cc4521a..598348bb3 100644 --- a/cookbooks/index.md +++ b/cookbooks/index.md @@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ This section contains self-contained cookbooks on how to design different geodyn : hidden: 3d_cartesian_rift/doc/README -simple_subduction_2d_cartesian/doc/README 3d_cartesian_transform_fault/doc/README +simple_subduction_2d_cartesian/doc/README +simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/README + ``` diff --git a/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/README.md b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/README.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0fa5f6704 --- /dev/null +++ b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,264 @@ +(part:user_manual:chap:cookbooks:sec:simple_subduction_2d_chunk)= +Simple Subduction Model: 2D Chunk +===================================== +_Contributed by Magali Billen_ + +This tutorial will present how to set up a subduction model structure intended for use +in a mantle convection model. The model will use a 2D slice in a spherical chunk geometry. +The model will consist of 3 features: + +1. An `oceanic plate` defining the overriding plate structure +2. An `oceanic plate` defining the sinking plate structure (along the model surface) +3. A `subducting plate` defining the subducted portion of the sinking plate (the slab) + +For each feature, we need to choose the geometry and we can define the temperature model +and the composition model to delineate layers in the plates and slab. + +* All the files for this cookbook maybe downloaded from the +[github cookbook page](https://github.com/GeodynamicWorldBuilder/WorldBuilder/tree/main/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk) +* It is may be helpful to read the +[Simple Subduction 2D Cartesian](part:user_manual:chap:cookbooks:sec:simple_subduction_2d_cartesian) +Cookbook before continuing with this cook. + +For this example, the full model domain is a 90 degree profile in longitude and 1000 km +deep. The limits of the domain are chosen as 45 and 135 degrees, centered at 90 degrees. +These limits are chosen in combination with the limits of the `cross section` parameter +in World Builder file (see below). In the grid file, we choose a chunk geometry: in 3D, +the chunk is a 3D section of a spherical shell. In 2D, the chunk is a great circle +slice through a section of a spherical shell. We also indicate that there will be 2 compositions +in addition to the temperature. + +The figure below shows how the longitude angle is measured in the 3D World Builder space. +the longitude parameter increases counter clockwise, from the x = 0. This is the +orientation that the output will appear if viewed in Paraview. + +```{figure} chunk_2d_coordinate_sketch.png +:name: Chunk 2D geometry +:alt: Orientation of longitude coordinate in 2D chunk slice and location of the grid data points. +:align: center +Orientation of longitude coordinate in 2D chunk slice and location of the grid data points. +``` + +To visualize the output, using Paraview (or similar), we use two grid files +([gwb-grid](part:user_manual:chap:how_to_use_the_apps:sec:gwb-grid_app)): +a low resolution version (for quick checking) and a high resolution version (for careful +checking of the details). The only parameters to change are the number of grid points +in each location: + +:::::{tab-set} +::::{tab-item} Low resolution grid file + +:::{literalinclude} ../simple_chunk_2d_low_res.grid +::: +:::: + +::::{tab-item} High resolution grid file +:::{literalinclude} ../simple_chunk_2d_high_res.grid +::: + +:::: +::::: + +These figures illustrate how the temperature structure may look _wrong_ (discontinous) +if the mesh is low resolution, but increasing the mesh resolution, it is clear that +the temperature is smooth across a fine mesh. + +::::{tab-set} + +:::{tab-item} Slab with low resolution grid +```{figure} chunk_2d_low_res_temperature.png +``` +::: + +:::{tab-item} Slab with high resolution grid +```{figure} chunk_2d_high_res_temperature.png +``` +::: + +:::: + + +## Root model information + +In the root model section we need to indicate a spherical geometry (to agree with the +spherical coordinate system of the chunk). We also choose the option 'depth method' +option as "begin at end segment" +(see [this page](part:user_manual:chap:concepts:sec:const_angle_spherical)) for more information +The `cross section` parameter defines the start and end locations for the cross section at +the surface of the model (z = 0). For this example, we choose to put the cross section at +the equator (y/latitude = 0), and give the start and end points of the cross section in +longitude as x = 0 and x = 180 degrees. As noted above, the start value of the `cross section` +can shift where features appear within the grid. + +::::{tab-set} +:::{tab-item} Root model information +```{literalinclude} ../simple_subduction_2d_chunk.wb +:language: json +:lineno-start: 1 +:lines: 1-11 +``` +::: +:::{tab-item} Full File +```{literalinclude} ../simple_subduction_2d_chunk.wb +:language: json +:lineno-start: 1 +``` +::: +:::: + +The three images below show how changing only the starting value for the cross +section shifts the position of the slab (no other values are changed; same grid file) +Therefore, unless you have a specific reason, the `cross section` parameter should +start at x = 0 (longitude). For the models with a shift start location, +the temperature for the region beyond the sinking plate is filled in with the background +adiabatic temperature gradient. + +:::::{tab-set} + +::::{tab-item} Cross section: 0 to 180 +:::{figure} cross_section_0_180.png +::: +:::: + +::::{tab-item} Cross section: 10 to 180 +:::{figure} cross_section_10_180.png +::: +:::: + +::::{tab-item} Cross section: 30 to 180 +:::{figure} cross_section_30_180.png +::: +:::: + +::::: + +The other physical parameters are defined as reference values, which will be used by the +feature temperature models if the values are not entered separately. + +### Feature Geometry, temperature and composition + +For each feature, we define the extent of that feature, a compositional layer and the +temperature structure. For the compositional layer, we use a thickness of 100 km as +a marker of the outline of the plate, and not to indicate an actual compositional structure. +We also use two different compositional values: 0 for the overriding plate and 1 for the +sinking plate and subducting plate. + +#### Oceanic Plates +We will place the trench at the center of the profile at 90 degrees. Therefore, +* Overriding plate extends from 90 to 135 degrees in longitude. +* Sinking plate extends from 45 m to 90 degrees in longitude. + +In the z direction, the maximum depth of the plate is chosen to be deep enough to account +for any changes in the plate temperature in depth. If too small a value is chosen, a +sharp jump in temperature will be seen in the output, +(see, for example, [Simple Subduction 2D Cartesian](part:user_manual:chap:cookbooks:sec:simple_subduction_2d_cartesian)) + +For the temperature model we use the half space cooling model (appropriate for ages less +than 80 my). The temperature of the oceanic plates is calculated from the plate age, +which is based on the location of the ridge for that plate and the spreading velocity. +For this model we place the ridge for the sinking plate at the edge of the box (x = 135 degrees). +However, for the overriding plate, we place the location of the ridge outside the model domain area +(x = 0 degrees): this shows how World Builder considers distance (i.e., distance to +the ridge) on a full 3D sphere, even though we are only interested in the effect within +the limits of the grid we define. + +To specify that the half space model should meet the background adiabatic temperature, +we set `bottom temperature` to -1. +::::{tab-set} +:::{tab-item} Oceanic Plate information +```{literalinclude} ../simple_subduction_2d_chunk.wb +:language: json +:lineno-start: 12 +:lines: 12-35 +``` +::: +:::{tab-item} Full File +```{literalinclude} ../simple_subduction_2d_chunk.wb +:language: json +:lineno-start: 1 +``` +::: +:::: + + +#### Subducting Plate +Here we first add the compositional layer to continue the layer from the sinking plate. +For the slab, we choose segments of different lengths, some with constant dip angle +and others with variable dip. We also illustrate that the slab geometry can be overturned +bu increasing the angle beyond 90 degree. We keep the `thickness` and `top truncation` +values constant. These parameters are illustrated in +[Simple Subduction 2D Cartesian](part:user_manual:chap:cookbooks:sec:simple_subduction_2d_cartesian)). + +The last step is to define the temperature structure of the slab. For this we choose the +temperature model `mass conserving` and the `half space model` option for `reference model name`. +The temperature structure depends on the age of the plate at the trench and subducting plate velocity. +The age of the plate at the trench is determined from the `ridge coordinates`, and subducting +`plate velocity`. The slab continues to get older with depth based on the length along the +slab surface and subducting plate velocity. For the mass conserving temperature model, +heating up of the slab and cooling down of the surrounding mantle depends on age, +subducting plate velocity and length of the slab. The parameter `min distance slab top` +has the same role as `top truncation` and the parameter `max distance slab top` has the +same role as `thickness`. + +::::{tab-set} +:::{tab-item} Subducting Plate information +```{literalinclude} ../simple_subduction_2d_chunk.wb +:language: json +:lineno-start: 36 +:lines: 36-62 +``` +::: +:::{tab-item} Full File +```{literalinclude} ../simple_subduction_2d_chunk.wb +:language: json +:lineno-start: 1 +``` +::: +:::: + +Three other paramaters control details of the temperature structure: +* the rate of heating is different where the slab is in contact with the overriding plate +versus when it is in direct contact with the mantle. This change is controlled by +the `coupling depth` parameter. +* the temperature of the forearc region depends on the duration of subduction and +shielding of this region from the warmer mantle. The amount of additional cooling of the +forearc is controlled by the `forearc cooling factor`. This is a unconstrained tuning +parameter in this model. Typical values are in the range of 0-20. +* the down-dip end of the slab needs to smoothly transition into the surrounding mantle. +To achieve this, the `taper distance` indicates the distance at which to start linearly +tapering the slab temperature into the background temperature. + +Final model figures: + +:::::{tab-set} + +::::{tab-item} Full model domain +:::{figure} chunk_2d_full_domain.png +Contours show outline of overriding plate composition (white) and sinking plate and slab +(yellow) +::: + +:::: + +::::{tab-item} Center region of model domain +:::{figure} chunk_2d_high_res_temperature_compositions.png +Contours show outline of overriding plate composition (white) and sinking plate and slab +(yellow) +::: +:::: + +::::{tab-item} Corner of model +:::{figure} chunk_2d_high_res_ridge_corner.png +Corner of model domain showing the ridge temperature structure for the sinking plate. +::: +:::: + +::::: + +#### Experimenting with the Model + +Recommendations for things to experiment with (only vary one parameter at a time): +* Try changing the shape of the slab, by adjusting the dips or lengths of the slab. +* Try change the location of one of the ridges. + + diff --git a/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/chunk_2d_coordinate_sketch.png b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/chunk_2d_coordinate_sketch.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29f2c063b Binary files /dev/null and b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/chunk_2d_coordinate_sketch.png differ diff --git a/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/chunk_2d_full_domain.png b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/chunk_2d_full_domain.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1204fcf23 Binary files /dev/null and b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/chunk_2d_full_domain.png differ diff --git a/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/chunk_2d_high_res_ridge_corner.png b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/doc/chunk_2d_high_res_ridge_corner.png new file mode 100644 index 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a/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/simple_chunk_2d_low_res.grid b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/simple_chunk_2d_low_res.grid new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05d78e4fc --- /dev/null +++ b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/simple_chunk_2d_low_res.grid @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Simple slab in 2D chunk geometry +# Low resolution grid for quick testing +grid_type = chunk +dim = 2 +compositions = 2 +# x: longitude, y: latitude, z: radius +x_min = 45 +x_max = 135 +y_min = 0 +y_max = 0 +z_min = 5.371e6 +z_max = 6.371e6 +# grid properties +n_cell_x = 300 +n_cell_z = 50 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/simple_subduction_2d_chunk.wb b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/simple_subduction_2d_chunk.wb new file mode 100644 index 000000000..613fe017e --- /dev/null +++ b/cookbooks/simple_subduction_2d_chunk/simple_subduction_2d_chunk.wb @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +{ + "version":"0.6", + "coordinate system":{"model":"spherical", + "depth method":"begin 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