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The construction relies on Keccak behaving like a random oracle.
As Joan and Gilles have pointed out, this is a modelling choice, not something that can be proven.
This is a somewhat strong assumption, albeit a workable one. I recommend clarifying the reliance on this assumption in the document.
The construction proposed here can be assumed to be a dual-PRF when
assuming the underlying hash function to be a random oracle.
My understanding is that the authors don't claim it to be a dual-PRF
without random oracle assumptions, i.e. in the standard model.
From Felix:
Simply adding the following consideration may be sufficient
"The sponge construction was proven to be indifferentiable from a
random oracle [BDPA08], assuming the Keccak permutation behaves like a
random permutation."
Nimrod Aviram said:
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/cfrg/LYkaqKMS2yIWqkHKASWbZ9aHhTY/
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