smart irrigation system.cpp

// Smart Irrigation System using Arduino
// Based on Temperature, Soil Moisture, Humidity & Rain

// Due to unavailibility of sensors in Tinkercad:

// Humidity is imitated using potentiometer
// Rain is denoted using just a switch
// Water pump is replicated using a DC motor

// Library to use LCD screen
#include <Adafruit_LiquidCrystal.h>

// Wifi
const int HTTP_PORT = 80;
const String THINGSPEAK_API_KEY = "FL68PFY9R5J4GJ9T";                                   // From our ThingSpeak settings.
const String CHANNEL_FEED_URI_1 = "/update?api_key=" + THINGSPEAK_API_KEY + "&field1="; // Write channel URI
const String CHANNEL_FEED_URI_2 = "/update?api_key=" + THINGSPEAK_API_KEY + "&field2=";
const String CHANNEL_FEED_URI_3 = "/update?api_key=" + THINGSPEAK_API_KEY + "&field3=";
const String CHANNEL_FEED_URI_4 = "/update?api_key=" + THINGSPEAK_API_KEY + "&field4=";
const String CHANNEL_FEED_URI_5 = "/update?api_key=" + THINGSPEAK_API_KEY + "&field5=";

// initialzing LCD object
Adafruit_LiquidCrystal lcd(0);

// Initialize ESP8266 for internet connectivity.
String ssid = "Simulator Wifi"; // Tinkercad uses this SSID
String password = "";           // Password is not needed.
String host = "api.thingspeak.com";

// defining pins for different inputs & outputs
const int moistureIN = A1;
const int tempIN = A2;
const int humidityIN = A3;
const int rainIN = 2;
const int pumpOUT = 4;
const int buzzerOUT = 8;
const int greenLED = 12;
const int redLED = 13;

// initializing variables for holding values
int moisture = 0;
int temp = 0;
int humidity = 0;
int rain = 0; // zero showing no rain
float voltage = 0;
float tempInCelsius = 0;
float humidityInPercentage = 0;

const int moistureUpperBound = 800; // denoting optimum soil moisture
const int moistureLowerBound = 200; // denoting less soil moisture
const int tempUpperBound = 30;      // denoting very hot day, hence more soil dry out
const int humidityUpperBound = 70;  // denoting high humidity, so less soil moisture loss
const int humidityLowerBound = 20;  // denoting low humidity, so high soil moisture loss

int bootstrapESP8266(void)
{
  // Initialize ESP2866 and serial connection.
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("AT");
  delay(10);

  if (!Serial.find("OK"))
    return 1;

  // Connect to the internet (router) using SSID and Password.
  // If successful, returns an OK message.
  Serial.println("AT+CWJAP=\"" + ssid + "\",\"" + password + "\"");
  delay(10);

  if (!Serial.find("OK"))
    return 2;

  // Connects to the host server (ThingSpeak) as a TCP Client.
  Serial.println("AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"" + host + "\"," + HTTP_PORT);
  // Remove the non-standard space between the comma and HTTP_PORT
}

void setup()
{
  // starting the LCD screen
  lcd.begin(16, 2);

  // start up msg on LCD
  lcd.print("Smart Irrigation");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("System-byDawood");
  delay(2000);
  lcd.clear();

  // defining pin modes
  pinMode(moistureIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(tempIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(humidityIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(rainIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(pumpOUT, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buzzerOUT, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);
  delay(500); // delay to let the system boot4
  bootstrapESP8266();
}

void loop()
{
  // reading values
  moisture = analogRead(moistureIN); // reading moisture value from sensor as analog value
  humidity = analogRead(humidityIN); // reading moisture value from sensor as analog value
  rain = digitalRead(rainIN);        // reading rain value from switch as digital value
  temp = analogRead(tempIN);         // reading temperature value from sensor as analog value
  // convert temperature into Celsius value
  voltage = temp * (5000 / 1023.0);     // brings value between 0-5V
  tempInCelsius = (voltage - 500) / 10; // 500 is the offset

  // convert humidity(potentiometer) value to percentage
  humidityInPercentage = map(humidity, 0, 1023, 0, 100); // changing potentiometer scale from 0-1023 to 0-100
  // Construct HTTP call.
  String httpPacket_1 = "GET " + CHANNEL_FEED_URI_1 + String(int(tempInCelsius)) +
                        "&" + CHANNEL_FEED_URI_2 + String(moisture) +
                        "&" + CHANNEL_FEED_URI_3 + String(rain) +
                        "&" + CHANNEL_FEED_URI_4 + String(int(humidityInPercentage)) +
                        "&" + CHANNEL_FEED_URI_5 + String(pumpOUT ? 1 : 0) +
                        " HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: " + host + "\r\n\r\n";
  int packetLength_1 = httpPacket_1.length();
  // Send the data to the server. Also send the packet length.
  Serial.print("AT+CIPSEND=");
  Serial.println(packetLength_1);
  delay(100);

  Serial.print(httpPacket_1);
  delay(100);

  if (!Serial.find("SEND OK\r\n"))
    return;

  // printing values to the console
  Serial.print("Temperature: ");
  Serial.print(tempInCelsius);
  Serial.println(" C");
  Serial.print("Moisture: ");
  Serial.println(moisture);
  Serial.print("Humidity: ");
  Serial.print(humidityInPercentage);
  Serial.println(" %");
  if (rain == 0)
  {
    Serial.println("Not Raining");
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.println("Its Raining");
  }
  Serial.println();

  // printing values on the screen
  lcd.print("Temp: ");
  lcd.setCursor(7, 0);
  lcd.print(tempInCelsius);
  lcd.setCursor(14, 0);
  lcd.print("C");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Moisture: ");
  lcd.setCursor(11, 1);
  lcd.print(moisture);
  delay(100);
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Humidity: ");
  lcd.setCursor(8, 1);
  lcd.print(humidityInPercentage);
  lcd.setCursor(14, 1);
  lcd.print("%");
  delay(100);
  lcd.clear();

  // handling core logic

  // when its raining, there is no need for watering
  if (rain == 1)
  {
    digitalWrite(greenLED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(buzzerOUT, LOW);
    digitalWrite(pumpOUT, LOW);
    lcd.print("Water Pump OFF");
    delay(100);
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.print("Its Raining");
  }

  // when moisture is lesser than minimum value, then water
  else if (moisture < moistureLowerBound)
  {
    digitalWrite(greenLED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(redLED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(buzzerOUT, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(pumpOUT, HIGH);
    lcd.print("Water Pump ON");
  }

  // when moisture is greater than minimum value but lesser than maximum value
  // and temperature is higher than maximum acceptable value, then water
  else if (moisture < moistureUpperBound && tempInCelsius > tempUpperBound)
  {
    digitalWrite(greenLED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(redLED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(buzzerOUT, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(pumpOUT, HIGH);
    lcd.print("Water Pump ON");
  }

  // when moisture is greater than minimum value but lesser than maximum value
  // and humidity is lower than minimum acceptable value, then water
  else if (moisture < moistureUpperBound && humidityInPercentage < humidityLowerBound)
  {
    digitalWrite(greenLED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(redLED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(buzzerOUT, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(pumpOUT, HIGH);
    lcd.print("Water Pump ON");
  }
  else
  {
    digitalWrite(greenLED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(buzzerOUT, LOW);
    digitalWrite(pumpOUT, LOW);
    lcd.print("Water Pump OFF");
  }

  delay(100);
  lcd.clear();
}

// WIP.
void close()
{
  // Gracefully close the connection.
  Serial.print("AT+CIPCLOSE");

  // Else if fails, close anyway.
  if (!Serial.find("OK"))
    return;
}