diff --git a/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/controller/UserController.java b/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/controller/UserController.java
index 7df7b7728..073efcd0d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/controller/UserController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/controller/UserController.java
@@ -36,10 +36,9 @@ public ResponseEntity<Void> logout(@UserAuth User user) {
 
     @PostMapping("/user/refresh")
     public ResponseEntity<UserTokenRefreshResponse> refresh(
-        @UserAuth User user,
         @RequestBody @Valid UserTokenRefreshRequest request
     ) {
-        UserTokenRefreshResponse tokenGroupResponse = userService.refresh(user, request);
+        UserTokenRefreshResponse tokenGroupResponse = userService.refresh(request);
         return ResponseEntity.ok().body(tokenGroupResponse);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/repository/UserTokenRepository.java b/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/repository/UserTokenRepository.java
index 1af8fdd11..0a3d15984 100644
--- a/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/repository/UserTokenRepository.java
+++ b/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/repository/UserTokenRepository.java
@@ -10,5 +10,7 @@ public interface UserTokenRepository extends Repository<UserToken, Long> {
 
     Optional<UserToken> findById(Long userId);
 
+    Optional<UserToken> findByRefreshToken(String refreshToken);
+
     void deleteById(Long id);
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/service/UserService.java b/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/service/UserService.java
index f86a148a7..be5dda27c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/service/UserService.java
+++ b/src/main/java/in/koreatech/koin/domain/user/service/UserService.java
@@ -49,12 +49,14 @@ public void logout(User user) {
         userTokenRepository.deleteById(user.getId());
     }
 
-    public UserTokenRefreshResponse refresh(User user, UserTokenRefreshRequest request) {
-        UserToken userToken = userTokenRepository.findById(user.getId())
+    public UserTokenRefreshResponse refresh(UserTokenRefreshRequest request) {
+        UserToken userToken = userTokenRepository.findByRefreshToken(request.refreshToken())
             .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("refresh token이 존재하지 않습니다. request: " + request));
         if (!Objects.equals(userToken.getRefreshToken(), request.refreshToken())) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("refresh token이 일치하지 않습니다. request: " + request);
         }
+        User user = userRepository.findById(userToken.getId())
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new UserNotFoundException("사용자를 찾을 수 없습니다. refreshToken: " + userToken));
         String accessToken = jwtProvider.createToken(user);
         return UserTokenRefreshResponse.of(accessToken, userToken.getRefreshToken());
     }