dotnet: Support dotnet publish to produce container image

The `dotnet` tool has native support for producing (and pushing) a
container image. This does not require a local docker daemon and in
general "does the right thing" and is the prefered way for .NET
customers to produce container
images. https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/docker/publish-as-container
gives a good overview of how this support works and we've been using
it to build and push container images for Aspire apps.

This change updates things such that we can use this support when
building a non Aspire based .NET app. If a `Dockerfile` exists, we
respect it, but otherwise instead of trying to use Oryx to produce a
container image, we will use `dotnet publish`.

In addition, we now use 8080 as the default port of a `dotnet` based
application (with no Dockerfile) as that's the default port used by
the standard ASP.NET base image.

A new recorded test was added - it builds on top of the existing
`containerapp` sample, and the test aranges to remove the `Dockerfile`
file from the template before running `up`.

Fixes #2632
Fixes #4583

cli/azd/internal/cmd/add/add_configure_host.go

@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ func addServiceAsResource(
 		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(svc.RelativePath, "Dockerfile")); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 			// default builder always specifies port 80
 			props.Port = 80
-			if svc.Language == project.ServiceLanguageJava {
+			if svc.Language == project.ServiceLanguageJava || svc.Language.IsDotNet() {
 				props.Port = 8080
 			}
 		}

cli/azd/internal/repository/app_init_test.go

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func TestInitializer_prjConfigFromDetect(t *testing.T) {
 						Type: project.ResourceTypeHostContainerApp,
 						Name: "dotnet",
 						Props: project.ContainerAppProps{
-							Port: 80,
+							Port: 8080,
 						},
 					},
 				},

cli/azd/internal/repository/infra_confirm.go

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func PromptPort(
 	name string,
 	svc appdetect.Project) (int, error) {
 	if svc.Docker == nil || svc.Docker.Path == "" { // using default builder from azd
-		if svc.Language == appdetect.Java {
+		if svc.Language == appdetect.Java || svc.Language == appdetect.DotNet {
 			return 8080, nil
 		}
 		return 80, nil

cli/azd/internal/repository/infra_confirm_test.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func TestInitializer_infraSpecFromDetect(t *testing.T) {
 				Services: []scaffold.ServiceSpec{
 					{
 						Name:    "dotnet",
-						Port:    80,
+						Port:    8080,
 						Backend: &scaffold.Backend{},
 					},
 				},

cli/azd/pkg/project/container_helper.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/pkg/tools"
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/pkg/tools/azcli"
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/pkg/tools/docker"
+	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/pkg/tools/dotnet"
 	"github.com/benbjohnson/clock"
 	"github.com/sethvargo/go-retry"
 )
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ type ContainerHelper struct {
 	remoteBuildManager       *containerregistry.RemoteBuildManager
 	containerRegistryService azcli.ContainerRegistryService
 	docker                   *docker.Cli
+	dotNetCli                *dotnet.Cli
 	clock                    clock.Clock
 	console                  input.Console
 	cloud                    *cloud.Cloud
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ func NewContainerHelper(
 	containerRegistryService azcli.ContainerRegistryService,
 	remoteBuildManager *containerregistry.RemoteBuildManager,
 	docker *docker.Cli,
+	dotNetCli *dotnet.Cli,
 	console input.Console,
 	cloud *cloud.Cloud,
 ) *ContainerHelper {
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ func NewContainerHelper(
 		remoteBuildManager:       remoteBuildManager,
 		containerRegistryService: containerRegistryService,
 		docker:                   docker,
+		dotNetCli:                dotNetCli,
 		clock:                    clock,
 		console:                  console,
 		cloud:                    cloud,
@@ -194,6 +198,10 @@ func (ch *ContainerHelper) RequiredExternalTools(ctx context.Context, serviceCon
 		return []tools.ExternalTool{}
 	}
 
+	if useDotnetPublishForDockerBuild(serviceConfig) {
+		return []tools.ExternalTool{ch.dotNetCli}
+	}
+
 	return []tools.ExternalTool{ch.docker}
 }
 
@@ -270,6 +278,8 @@ func (ch *ContainerHelper) Deploy(
 
 	if serviceConfig.Docker.RemoteBuild {
 		remoteImage, err = ch.runRemoteBuild(ctx, serviceConfig, targetResource, progress)
+	} else if useDotnetPublishForDockerBuild(serviceConfig) {
+		remoteImage, err = ch.runDotnetPublish(ctx, serviceConfig, targetResource, progress)
 	} else {
 		remoteImage, err = ch.runLocalBuild(ctx, serviceConfig, packageOutput, progress)
 	}
@@ -382,7 +392,8 @@ func (ch *ContainerHelper) runLocalBuild(
 	return remoteImage, nil
 }
 
-// runLocalBuild builds the image using a remote azure container registry and tags it. It returns the full remote image name.
+// runRemoteBuild builds the image using a remote azure container registry and tags it.
+// It returns the full remote image name.
 func (ch *ContainerHelper) runRemoteBuild(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	serviceConfig *ServiceConfig,
@@ -473,6 +484,41 @@ func (ch *ContainerHelper) runRemoteBuild(
 	return imageName, nil
 }
 
+// runDotnetPublish builds and publishes the container image using `dotnet publish`. It returns the full remote image name.
+func (ch *ContainerHelper) runDotnetPublish(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	serviceConfig *ServiceConfig,
+	target *environment.TargetResource,
+	progress *async.Progress[ServiceProgress],
+) (string, error) {
+	progress.SetProgress(NewServiceProgress("Logging into registry"))
+
+	dockerCreds, err := ch.Credentials(ctx, serviceConfig, target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("logging in to registry: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	progress.SetProgress(NewServiceProgress("Publishing container image"))
+
+	imageName := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s",
+		ch.DefaultImageName(serviceConfig),
+		ch.DefaultImageTag())
+
+	_, err = ch.dotNetCli.PublishContainer(
+		ctx,
+		serviceConfig.Path(),
+		"Release",
+		imageName,
+		dockerCreds.LoginServer,
+		dockerCreds.Username,
+		dockerCreds.Password)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("publishing container: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", dockerCreds.LoginServer, imageName), nil
+}
+
 type dockerDeployResult struct {
 	RemoteImageTag string
 }

cli/azd/pkg/project/container_helper_test.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/pkg/osutil"
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/pkg/tools/azcli"
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/pkg/tools/docker"
+	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/pkg/tools/dotnet"
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/test/mocks"
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/test/mocks/mockenv"
 	"github.com/benbjohnson/clock"
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_LocalImageTag(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			env := environment.NewWithValues("dev", map[string]string{})
-			containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, nil, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
+			containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, nil, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
 			serviceConfig.Docker = tt.dockerConfig
 
 			tag, err := containerHelper.LocalImageTag(*mockContext.Context, serviceConfig)
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_RemoteImageTag(t *testing.T) {
 
 	mockContext := mocks.NewMockContext(context.Background())
 	env := environment.NewWithValues("dev", map[string]string{})
-	containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, nil, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
+	containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, nil, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_Resolve_RegistryName(t *testing.T) {
 			environment.ContainerRegistryEndpointEnvVarName: "contoso.azurecr.io",
 		})
 		envManager := &mockenv.MockEnvManager{}
-		containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
+		containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
 		serviceConfig := createTestServiceConfig("./src/api", ContainerAppTarget, ServiceLanguageTypeScript)
 		registryName, err := containerHelper.RegistryName(*mockContext.Context, serviceConfig)
 
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_Resolve_RegistryName(t *testing.T) {
 		mockContext := mocks.NewMockContext(context.Background())
 		env := environment.NewWithValues("dev", map[string]string{})
 		envManager := &mockenv.MockEnvManager{}
-		containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
+		containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
 		serviceConfig := createTestServiceConfig("./src/api", ContainerAppTarget, ServiceLanguageTypeScript)
 		serviceConfig.Docker.Registry = osutil.NewExpandableString("contoso.azurecr.io")
 		registryName, err := containerHelper.RegistryName(*mockContext.Context, serviceConfig)
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_Resolve_RegistryName(t *testing.T) {
 		env := environment.NewWithValues("dev", map[string]string{})
 		env.DotenvSet("MY_CUSTOM_REGISTRY", "custom.azurecr.io")
 		envManager := &mockenv.MockEnvManager{}
-		containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
+		containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
 		serviceConfig := createTestServiceConfig("./src/api", ContainerAppTarget, ServiceLanguageTypeScript)
 		serviceConfig.Docker.Registry = osutil.NewExpandableString("${MY_CUSTOM_REGISTRY}")
 		registryName, err := containerHelper.RegistryName(*mockContext.Context, serviceConfig)
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_Resolve_RegistryName(t *testing.T) {
 		mockContext := mocks.NewMockContext(context.Background())
 		env := environment.NewWithValues("dev", map[string]string{})
 		envManager := &mockenv.MockEnvManager{}
-		containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
+		containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
 		serviceConfig := createTestServiceConfig("./src/api", ContainerAppTarget, ServiceLanguageTypeScript)
 		registryName, err := containerHelper.RegistryName(*mockContext.Context, serviceConfig)
 
@@ -334,6 +335,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_Deploy(t *testing.T) {
 			mockResults := setupDockerMocks(mockContext)
 			env := environment.NewWithValues("dev", map[string]string{})
 			dockerCli := docker.NewCli(mockContext.CommandRunner)
+			dotnetCli := dotnet.NewCli(mockContext.CommandRunner)
 			envManager := &mockenv.MockEnvManager{}
 			envManager.On("Save", *mockContext.Context, env).Return(nil)
 
@@ -347,6 +349,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_Deploy(t *testing.T) {
 				mockContainerRegistryService,
 				nil,
 				dockerCli,
+				dotnetCli,
 				mockContext.Console,
 				cloud.AzurePublic(),
 			)
@@ -411,7 +414,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_Deploy(t *testing.T) {
 func Test_ContainerHelper_ConfiguredImage(t *testing.T) {
 	mockContext := mocks.NewMockContext(context.Background())
 	env := environment.NewWithValues("dev", map[string]string{})
-	containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, nil, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
+	containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(env, nil, clock.NewMock(), nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		name                 string
@@ -597,7 +600,7 @@ func Test_ContainerHelper_Credential_Retry(t *testing.T) {
 		defaultCredentialsRetryDelay = 1 * time.Millisecond
 
 		containerHelper := NewContainerHelper(
-			env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), mockContainerService, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
+			env, envManager, clock.NewMock(), mockContainerService, nil, nil, nil, nil, cloud.AzurePublic())
 
 		serviceConfig := createTestServiceConfig("path", ContainerAppTarget, ServiceLanguageDotNet)
 		serviceConfig.Docker.Registry = osutil.NewExpandableString("contoso.azurecr.io")

cli/azd/pkg/project/framework_service.go

@@ -121,3 +121,7 @@ func validatePackageOutput(packagePath string) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (slk ServiceLanguageKind) IsDotNet() bool {
+	return slk == ServiceLanguageDotNet || slk == ServiceLanguageCsharp || slk == ServiceLanguageFsharp
+}

cli/azd/pkg/project/framework_service_docker.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore/to"
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/internal"
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/internal/appdetect"
 	"github.com/azure/azure-dev/cli/azd/internal/tracing"
@@ -163,12 +164,8 @@ func (p *dockerProject) Requirements() FrameworkRequirements {
 }
 
 // Gets the required external tools for the project
-func (p *dockerProject) RequiredExternalTools(_ context.Context, sc *ServiceConfig) []tools.ExternalTool {
-	if sc.Docker.RemoteBuild {
-		return []tools.ExternalTool{}
-	}
-
-	return []tools.ExternalTool{p.docker}
+func (p *dockerProject) RequiredExternalTools(ctx context.Context, sc *ServiceConfig) []tools.ExternalTool {
+	return p.containerHelper.RequiredExternalTools(ctx, sc)
 }
 
 // Initializes the docker project
@@ -199,7 +196,7 @@ func (p *dockerProject) Build(
 	restoreOutput *ServiceRestoreResult,
 	progress *async.Progress[ServiceProgress],
 ) (*ServiceBuildResult, error) {
-	if serviceConfig.Docker.RemoteBuild {
+	if serviceConfig.Docker.RemoteBuild || useDotnetPublishForDockerBuild(serviceConfig) {
 		return &ServiceBuildResult{Restore: restoreOutput}, nil
 	}
 
@@ -275,12 +272,12 @@ func (p *dockerProject) Build(
 		strings.ToLower(serviceConfig.Name),
 	)
 
-	path := dockerOptions.Path
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(path) {
-		path = filepath.Join(serviceConfig.Path(), path)
+	dockerfilePath := dockerOptions.Path
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(dockerfilePath) {
+		dockerfilePath = filepath.Join(serviceConfig.Path(), dockerfilePath)
 	}
 
-	_, err = os.Stat(path)
+	_, err = os.Stat(dockerfilePath)
 	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) && serviceConfig.Docker.Path == "" {
 		// Build the container from source when:
 		// 1. No Dockerfile path is specified, and
@@ -341,13 +338,43 @@ func (p *dockerProject) Build(
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func useDotnetPublishForDockerBuild(serviceConfig *ServiceConfig) bool {
+	if serviceConfig.useDotNetPublishForDockerBuild != nil {
+		return *serviceConfig.useDotNetPublishForDockerBuild
+	}
+
+	serviceConfig.useDotNetPublishForDockerBuild = to.Ptr(false)
+
+	if serviceConfig.Language.IsDotNet() {
+		projectPath := serviceConfig.Path()
+
+		dockerOptions := getDockerOptionsWithDefaults(serviceConfig.Docker)
+
+		dockerfilePath := dockerOptions.Path
+		if !filepath.IsAbs(dockerfilePath) {
+			s, err := os.Stat(projectPath)
+			if err == nil && s.IsDir() {
+				dockerfilePath = filepath.Join(projectPath, dockerfilePath)
+			} else {
+				dockerfilePath = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(projectPath), dockerfilePath)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if _, err := os.Stat(dockerfilePath); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			serviceConfig.useDotNetPublishForDockerBuild = to.Ptr(true)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return *serviceConfig.useDotNetPublishForDockerBuild
+}
+
 func (p *dockerProject) Package(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	serviceConfig *ServiceConfig,
 	buildOutput *ServiceBuildResult,
 	progress *async.Progress[ServiceProgress],
 ) (*ServicePackageResult, error) {
-	if serviceConfig.Docker.RemoteBuild {
+	if serviceConfig.Docker.RemoteBuild || useDotnetPublishForDockerBuild(serviceConfig) {
 		return &ServicePackageResult{Build: buildOutput}, nil
 	}