From a22f1a38648d6d1037a5a4bce85fd725c641aa3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-classroom[bot]"
 <66690702+github-classroom[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 18:10:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/14] Setting up GitHub Classroom Feedback


From a0cb16d516c4345bb46f975ea8034e15332dfa5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-classroom[bot]"
 <66690702+github-classroom[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 18:10:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/14] add deadline

---
 README.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5455607..f63d27e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+[![Review Assignment Due Date](https://classroom.github.com/assets/deadline-readme-button-22041afd0340ce965d47ae6ef1cefeee28c7c493a6346c4f15d667ab976d596c.svg)](https://classroom.github.com/a/BRmhFFxj)
 # Repository to hold class activities for GEO511
 
 ## Overview

From 2183dbd44ea3ca98715e1986af73043fb6e9c325 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Sat, 12 Oct 2024 12:10:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/14] Case Study 1 commit from R studio

---
 week_01/CaseStudy1.R | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week_01/CaseStudy1.R

diff --git a/week_01/CaseStudy1.R b/week_01/CaseStudy1.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a8efad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week_01/CaseStudy1.R
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#Define the link to the data
+library(tidyverse)
+
+# define the link to the data - you can try this in your browser too.  Note that the URL ends in .txt.
+dataurl="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/tmp/gistemp/STATIONS_v4/tmp_USW00014733_14_0_1/station.csv"
+
+#the next line tells the NASA site to create the temporary file
+httr::GET("https://data.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/gistemp/stdata_show_v4.cgi?id=USW00014733&ds=14&dt=1")
+
+temp=read_csv(dataurl, 
+              na="999.90", # tell R that 999.90 means missing in this dataset
+              skip=1, # we will use our own column names as below so we'll skip the first row
+              col_names = c("YEAR","JAN","FEB","MAR", # define column names 
+                            "APR","MAY","JUN","JUL",  
+                            "AUG","SEP","OCT","NOV",  
+                            "DEC","DJF","MAM","JJA",  
+                            "SON","metANN"))
+
+#Explore
+View(temp)
+summary(temp)
+
+#Graph annual mean temperature JJA 
+ggplot(temp,aes(YEAR,JJA))+
+  geom_point() +
+  geom_line() +
+  geom_smooth() +
+  xlab("Year") + ylab("Mean Summer Temperature (C)")+
+  ggtitle("Mean Summer Temperatures in Buffalo, NY")
+
+ggsave 

From 0cdaf456b8efe83f90a2e0885e41d655df9fcd00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 11:15:35 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/14] Case study 1

---
 week_01/case_study_01.R | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/week_01/case_study_01.R b/week_01/case_study_01.R
index 6bc1053..e09b581 100644
--- a/week_01/case_study_01.R
+++ b/week_01/case_study_01.R
@@ -1,2 +1,16 @@
+#Load the iris dataset
 data(iris)
 
+#
+iris$Sepal.Length
+iris$Sepal.Width
+iris$Petal.Length
+iris$Petal.Width
+iris$Species
+
+#Define new variable for petal length mean
+petal_length_mean <-mean(Petal.Length)
+petal_length_mean
+
+#Plot Histogram for Petal Length
+hist(Petal.Length)
\ No newline at end of file

From bced64366263854723ed7178c3c3aba2fe229b8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 12:00:54 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/14] Case study 2

---
 week_02/case_study_02.R | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+)

diff --git a/week_02/case_study_02.R b/week_02/case_study_02.R
index e69de29..c469a44 100644
--- a/week_02/case_study_02.R
+++ b/week_02/case_study_02.R
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#Define the link to the data
+library(tidyverse)
+
+#define the link to the data - you can try this in your browser too.  Note that the URL ends in .txt.
+dataurl="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/tmp/gistemp/STATIONS_v4/tmp_USW00014733_14_0_1/station.csv"
+
+#the next line tells the NASA site to create the temporary file
+httr::GET("https://data.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/gistemp/stdata_show_v4.cgi?id=USW00014733&ds=14&dt=1")
+
+temp=read_csv(dataurl, 
+              na="999.90", # tell R that 999.90 means missing in this dataset
+              skip=1, # we will use our own column names as below so we'll skip the first row
+              col_names = c("YEAR","JAN","FEB","MAR", # define column names 
+                            "APR","MAY","JUN","JUL",  
+                            "AUG","SEP","OCT","NOV",  
+                            "DEC","DJF","MAM","JJA",  
+                            "SON","metANN"))
+
+#Explore
+View(temp)
+summary(temp)
+
+#Graph annual mean temperature JJA 
+ggplot(temp,aes(YEAR,JJA))+
+  geom_point() +
+  geom_line() +
+  geom_smooth() +
+  xlab("Year") + ylab("Mean Summer Temperature (C)")+
+  ggtitle("Mean Summer Temperatures in Buffalo, NY")
+
+ggsave 

From 1185da125efdd2ad0cc468f1b72e974008ac59b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 12:03:35 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/14] Case study 3

---
 week_03/case_study_03.R | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/week_03/case_study_03.R b/week_03/case_study_03.R
index 0519ecb..4e53cd6 100644
--- a/week_03/case_study_03.R
+++ b/week_03/case_study_03.R
@@ -1 +1,30 @@
- 
\ No newline at end of file
+#Load necessary packages
+library(ggplot2)
+library(gapminder)
+library(dplyr)
+
+#Plot 1
+Filtered <- filter(gapminder, country != "Kuwait")
+ggplot(Filtered, aes(lifeExp, gdpPercap, color = continent, size = pop/100000)) + 
+  geom_point() +
+  facet_wrap(~year,nrow=1) +
+  scale_y_continuous(trans = "sqrt") +
+  theme_bw() + 
+  labs(x = "Life Expectancy", y = "GDP per capita", color = "Continent", size = "Population(100k)")
+ggsave(filename = "plot1.png", plot = last_plot(), width = 15, height = 5, units = "in")
+
+#Plot2
+gapminder_continent <- group_by(Filtered, continent, year) %>%
+  summarize(gdpPercapweighted = weighted.mean(x = gdpPercap, y = pop), pop = sum(as.numeric(pop)))
+
+ggplot(Filtered, x = year, y = gdpPercap)+
+  geom_line(data = Filtered, aes(x= year, y = gdpPercap, group = country, color = continent))+
+  geom_point(data = Filtered, aes(x= year, y = gdpPercap, color = continent))+
+  geom_line(data = gapminder_continent, aes(x= year, y = gdpPercapweighted))+
+  geom_point(data= gapminder_continent, aes(x= year, y = gdpPercapweighted, size = pop/100000))+
+  facet_wrap(~continent,nrow=1)+
+  theme_bw()+
+  labs(x = "Year", y = "GDP per capita", size = "Population(100k)", color = "Continent" )
+ggsave(filename = "plot2.png", plot = last_plot(), width = 15, height = 5, units = "in")
+
+

From d195e141e43dafa60834be2ca1cb3020b6252662 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 12:11:24 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/14] Case study 4

---
 week_04/case_study_04.R | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week_04/case_study_04.R

diff --git a/week_04/case_study_04.R b/week_04/case_study_04.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25f539b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week_04/case_study_04.R
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+library(tidyverse)
+library(nycflights13)
+library(dplyr)
+
+#Rename faa column in airports table to match dest column in flights table
+colnames(airports)[1] = "dest"
+
+#Join airports and flights table by dest 
+Flights_airports<- flights %>%
+  left_join(airports, by = "dest")
+
+#Arrange by distance to find furthest airport
+farthest_airport<- Flights_airports %>%
+  filter(distance == max(distance)) %>%
+  select(name) %>% 
+  distinct() %>%
+  as.character()
+
+head(farthest_airport)

From f1cc26369621e189d5600fe61a6b021e6b398884 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 12:19:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/14] Case study 5

---
 week_05/case_study_05.R | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week_05/case_study_05.R

diff --git a/week_05/case_study_05.R b/week_05/case_study_05.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b87d1c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week_05/case_study_05.R
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#load libraries
+library(spData)
+library(sf)
+library(tidyverse)
+
+#transform the data
+world_transformed <- st_transform(world, "+proj=aea +lat_1=29.5 +lat_2=45.5 +lat_0=37.5 +lon_0=-96 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +datum=NAD83 +units=m +no_defs")
+states_transformed <- st_transform(us_states, "+proj=aea +lat_1=29.5 +lat_2=45.5 +lat_0=37.5 +lon_0=-96 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +datum=NAD83 +units=m +no_defs")
+
+#filter the data frames for Canada and NY 
+Canada <- world_transformed %>% 
+  filter(name_long == "Canada")%>%
+  st_buffer(10000)
+
+NY <- states_transformed %>% 
+  filter(NAME == "New York") 
+#create a 'border' object
+Canada_NY<- st_intersection(Canada,NY)
+
+#create map
+ggplot()+
+  geom_sf(data = NY)+
+  geom_sf(data = Canada_NY, aes(fill="red"), show.legend = FALSE) +
+  ggtitle("New York Land within 10km")
+
+
+

From 02ebd7c06dbead78477511790710c91d537df7d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 12:23:31 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/14] Case study 6

---
 week_06/case_study_06.R | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week_06/case_study_06.R

diff --git a/week_06/case_study_06.R b/week_06/case_study_06.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24ea6c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week_06/case_study_06.R
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+library(terra)
+library(spData)
+library(tidyverse)
+library(sf)
+library(dplyr)
+library(ncdf4)
+library(knitr)
+
+download.file("https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/absolute.nc","crudata.nc", method="curl")
+
+#Prepare Climate Data
+tmean=rast("crudata.nc")
+
+#Calculate the max temp observed in each country
+MaxObserved <- max(tmean)
+plot(MaxObserved)
+extract <- terra::extract(MaxObserved, world, fun=max, na.rm=1, small=1)
+world_clim <- bind_cols(world, extract)
+
+#Map the results
+ggplot(world_clim)+
+  geom_sf(aes(fill = max))+
+  scale_fill_viridis_c(name="Maximum\nTemperature (C)")+
+  theme(legend.position = 'bottom')
+
+#Create a summary table
+world_clim_group <- world_clim %>% 
+  group_by(continent)
+Top <- top_n(world_clim_group, 1, max)
+
+hottest_continents <- as_tibble(Top) %>%
+  select(2,3,13) %>% 
+  arrange(desc(max))
+
+kable(hottest_continents, file = "html", col.name = c("Name", "Continent", "Max Temp"))

From b49cff5defcc8f5355aeb4ffaef2835606b64eca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 19:44:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 10/14] Case study 11 commit

---
 week_11/case_study_11.R | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week_11/case_study_11.R

diff --git a/week_11/case_study_11.R b/week_11/case_study_11.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a15b6d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week_11/case_study_11.R
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+library(tidyverse)
+library(spData)
+library(sf)
+library(mapview) 
+library(foreach)
+library(doParallel)
+library(tidycensus)
+registerDoParallel(4)
+getDoParWorkers() 
+
+#Get census API key
+census_api_key("")
+
+#Download block-level data by race 
+race_vars <- c(
+  "Total Population" = "P1_001N",
+  "White alone" = "P1_003N",
+  "Black or African American alone" = "P1_004N",
+  "American Indian and Alaska Native alone" = "P1_005N",
+  "Asian alone" = "P1_006N",
+  "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone" = "P1_007N",
+  "Some Other Race alone" = "P1_008N",
+  "Two or More Races" = "P1_009N")
+  options(tigris_use_cache = TRUE) #store the shapefiles
+
+#Get 2020 block-level data by race in Erie County 
+erie <- get_decennial(geography = "block", variables = race_vars, year=2020,
+                      state = "NY", county = "Erie County", geometry = TRUE,
+                      sumfile = "pl", cache_table=T) %>% #summary file that contains race data; cache for quick access
+                      st_crop(c(xmin=-78.9,xmax=-78.85,ymin=42.888,ymax=42.92)) #crop the data 
+
+#Organize categorical data by race
+ErieRace <- as.factor(erie$variable)  
+
+#For each category filter to include one race at a time
+Foreach <- foreach(race = levels(ErieRace), .combine = rbind) %do% {
+    filtered <- erie %>%
+    filter(variable == race)
+#Generate random points for each resident         
+  points <- filtered %>%
+    st_sample(size=.$value) %>% 
+    st_as_sf() %>%
+    mutate(variable = race)} #mutate to add a column set to race
+
+mapview(Foreach, zcol = "variable", cex = 2)

From b937bd12db120a60ceeece26b8cd6bb433b0c802 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 19:57:40 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 11/14] Case study 9 commit

---
 week_09/case_study_09.R | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week_09/case_study_09.R

diff --git a/week_09/case_study_09.R b/week_09/case_study_09.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..019c75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week_09/case_study_09.R
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+library(sf)
+library(tidyverse)
+library(ggmap)
+library(spData)
+library(dplyr)
+library(ggplot2)
+data(world)
+data(us_states)
+
+#Download a csv 
+dataurl="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/international-best-track-archive-for-climate-stewardship-ibtracs/v04r01/access/csv/ibtracs.NA.list.v04r01.csv"
+storm_data <- read_csv(dataurl)
+
+#Wrangle the data 
+storm_data2 <- storm_data %>%
+mutate(year = year(ISO_TIME)) %>%
+filter(year >= 1950) %>%
+mutate_if(is.numeric, function(x) ifelse(x==-999.0,NA,x)) %>%
+mutate(decade=(floor(year/10)*10)) %>%
+st_as_sf(coords=c("LON","LAT"),crs=4326) 
+
+region <- storm_data2 %>%
+  st_bbox()
+
+#Make the first plot
+ggplot(world) +
+  geom_sf() + 
+  facet_wrap(~decade) +
+  stat_bin2d(data=storm_data2, aes(y=st_coordinates(storm_data2)[,2], x=st_coordinates(storm_data2)[,1]),bins=100) +
+  scale_fill_distiller(palette="YlOrRd", trans="log", direction=-1, breaks = c(1,10,100,1000)) +
+  coord_sf(ylim=region[c(2,4)], xlim=region[c(1,3)])+
+  xlab(NULL)+
+  ylab(NULL)
+  
+
+#Five states with the most storms
+states <- st_transform(us_states, st_crs(storm_data2)) %>%
+  select(state=NAME)
+storm_states <- st_join(storm_data2, states, join = st_intersects, left = FALSE) %>%
+  group_by(state) %>% 
+  summarize(storms=length(unique(NAME))) %>% 
+  arrange(desc(storms)) %>%
+  slice(1:5)
+
+print(storm_states)

From 9b8ee8eb924c579859afd8430c7ee2d0426f5d83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 20:24:48 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 12/14] Case study 7 commit

---
 week_07/case_study_7.R | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week_07/case_study_7.R

diff --git a/week_07/case_study_7.R b/week_07/case_study_7.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..668cf23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week_07/case_study_7.R
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+library(tidyverse)
+library(reprex)
+library(sf)
+library(spData)
+data(world)
+
+ggplot(world,aes(x=gdpPercap, y=continent, color=continent))+
+  geom_density(alpha=0.5,color=F)
+reprex(venue="gh")

From 5f169b4577593955d79f049a433f5d3e6b9f8097 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 14:41:16 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 13/14] Commit case study 12

---
 week_12/CaseStudy12.R | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week_12/CaseStudy12.R

diff --git a/week_12/CaseStudy12.R b/week_12/CaseStudy12.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0f2c39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week_12/CaseStudy12.R
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+library(tidyverse)
+library(htmlwidgets)
+library(widgetframe)
+library(xts)
+library(dygraphs)
+library(openmeteo)
+
+#Download weather data for Buffalo, NY
+d<- weather_history(c(43.00923265935055, -78.78494250958327),start = "2023-01-01",end=today(),
+                    daily=list("temperature_2m_max","temperature_2m_min","precipitation_sum")) %>%
+  mutate(daily_temperature_2m_mean=(daily_temperature_2m_max+daily_temperature_2m_min)/2)
+
+#Order the variables
+xts <- select(d, daily_temperature_2m_min,daily_temperature_2m_mean, daily_temperature_2m_max)%>%
+  xts(order.by=d$date)
+
+Precip <- select(d, daily_precipitation_sum)%>%
+  xts(order.by=d$date)
+
+#Make the graphs
+dygraph(xts, main = "Daily Maximum Temperature in Buffalo, NY") %>%
+  dySeries("daily_temperature_2m_mean")%>%
+dyRangeSelector(dateWindow = c("2023-01-01", "2024-10-31"))
+
+dygraph(Precip, main = "Daily Precipitation in Buffalo, NY")%>%
+dyRangeSelector(dateWindow = c("2023-01-01", "2024-10-31"))
+

From 038538a81549974d66eb6dd6fdb13a60fac0271f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrea Harder <amharder@buffalo.edu>
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 14:43:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 14/14] Case study 8 commit

---
 week_08/case_study_08.qmd | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 week_08/case_study_08.qmd

diff --git a/week_08/case_study_08.qmd b/week_08/case_study_08.qmd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93c64e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/week_08/case_study_08.qmd
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: "Carbon Dioxide Concentrations at Mona Loa Observatory"
+author: "Andrea Harder"
+format: 
+  html: default
+  pptx: default
+  docx: default
+  gfm: default
+editor: visual
+---
+
+```{r setup, include = FALSE}
+library(readr)
+library(quarto)
+library(tidyverse)
+library(ggplot2)
+library(dplyr)
+Filtered <- read_table("ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/products/trends/co2/co2_annmean_mlo.txt", skip = 44)%>%
+  rename("Year"="#", "mean"="year", "#"="mean")
+Filtered2<- Filtered %>%
+  slice(1:5)
+```
+
+```{r, echo = FALSE}
+colnames(Filtered) <- c("Year", "Mean", "num")
+ggplot() +
+  geom_line(data = Filtered, aes(x = Year, y = Mean, color = "red"))+
+  labs(x= "Year", y="Mauna Loa Annual Mean Co2(ppm)", title = "Annual Mean Carbon Dioxide Concentrations", subtitle = " 1959-Present")+
+  theme(legend.position = "none", plot.title = element_text(hjust = .5), plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = .5))
+
+```
+
+```{r, echo = FALSE}
+knitr::kable(Filtered2[1:2])
+```