diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index a041c633e..9544953fe 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Added
+
+- Vim and Neovim syntax highlighting support (eng/recordflux/RecordFlux#1749)
+
 ### Changed
 
 - Improve generation of predicate for single-field messages (eng/recordflux/RecordFlux#1761)
diff --git a/doc/user_guide/90-rflx-install--help.txt b/doc/user_guide/90-rflx-install--help.txt
index a1fdaae93..4ea57e1f4 100644
--- a/doc/user_guide/90-rflx-install--help.txt
+++ b/doc/user_guide/90-rflx-install--help.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 usage: rflx install [-h] [--gnat-studio-dir GNAT_STUDIO_DIR]
-                    {gnatstudio,vscode}
+                    {gnatstudio,vscode,nvim,vim}
 
 positional arguments:
-  {gnatstudio,vscode}
+  {gnatstudio,vscode,nvim,vim}
 
 options:
   -h, --help            show this help message and exit
diff --git a/pyproject.toml.in b/pyproject.toml.in
index 2b5c77194..d25b6d94e 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml.in
+++ b/pyproject.toml.in
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ packages = [
     { include  = "rflx" },
 ]
 include = [
+    { path = "Cargo.lock", format = "sdist" },
+    { path = "Cargo.toml", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "generated/adasat/*.gpr", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "generated/adasat/src/*.ad?", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "generated/gnatcoll-bindings/gmp/*.ad?", format = "sdist" },
@@ -46,14 +48,13 @@ include = [
     { path = "generated/langkit/langkit/support/*.gpr", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "generated/librflxlang.gpr", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "generated/src/*", format = "sdist" },
-    { path = "Cargo.lock", format = "sdist" },
-    { path = "Cargo.toml", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "librapidflux/Cargo.toml", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "librapidflux/src/*.rs", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "librapidflux/src/diagnostics/*.rs", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "rapidflux/Cargo.toml", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "rapidflux/src/*.rs", format = "sdist" },
     { path = "rapidflux/src/diagnostics/*.rs", format = "sdist" },
+    { path = "rflx/ide/vim/recordflux.vim" },
     { path = "rflx/ide/vscode/recordflux.vsix" },
     { path = "rflx/lang/__init__.py" },
     { path = "rflx/lang/py.typed" },
diff --git a/rflx/cli.py b/rflx/cli.py
index 2e4e8c298..cbb0586ba 100644
--- a/rflx/cli.py
+++ b/rflx/cli.py
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
 class IDE(Enum):
     GNATSTUDIO = "gnatstudio"
     VSCODE = "vscode"
+    NVIM = "nvim"
+    VIM = "vim"
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.value
@@ -627,6 +629,34 @@ def validate(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
         raise fatal_error from e
 
 
+def install_vim_ftdetect(config_dir: Path, editor: str) -> None:
+    ftdetect_dir = config_dir / "ftdetect"
+    ftdetect_file = ftdetect_dir / "recordflux.vim"
+    ftdetect_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    ftdetect_file.write_text("autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.rflx set filetype=recordflux\n")
+
+    logging.info('Installed {editor} ftdetect file in "{path}"', editor=editor, path=ftdetect_file)
+
+
+def install_syntax_file(config_dir: Path, editor: str) -> None:
+    syntax_dir = config_dir / "syntax"
+    syntax_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with importlib_resources.as_file(vim_syntax_file()) as syntax_file:
+        file_path = syntax_dir / syntax_file.name
+
+    shutil.copy(syntax_file, file_path)
+
+    logging.info('Installed {editor} syntax file in "{path}"', editor=editor, path=file_path)
+
+
+def install_vim_files(config_dir: Path, editor: str) -> None:
+    try:
+        install_vim_ftdetect(config_dir, editor)
+        install_syntax_file(config_dir, editor)
+    except OSError as e:
+        fail(f'failed to install {editor} files: "{e}"')
+
+
 def install(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
     if args.ide is IDE.GNATSTUDIO:
         # TODO(eng/recordflux/RecordFlux#1359): Replace importlib_resources by importlib.resources
@@ -644,6 +674,39 @@ def install(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
             except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError) as e:
                 fail(f"installation of VS Code extension failed: {e}")
 
+    elif args.ide is IDE.NVIM:
+        home_dir = os.environ.get("HOME")
+        xdg_config_home = os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME")
+        if home_dir is None and xdg_config_home is None:
+            RecordFluxError(
+                [
+                    ErrorEntry("could not find config directory", Severity.ERROR),
+                    ErrorEntry(
+                        "make sure $HOME or $XDG_CONFIG_HOME variable is set",
+                        Severity.HELP,
+                    ),
+                ],
+            ).propagate()
+
+        if xdg_config_home is not None:
+            config_path = Path(xdg_config_home) / "nvim"
+        else:
+            assert home_dir is not None
+            config_path = Path(home_dir) / ".config" / "nvim"
+
+        install_vim_files(config_path, editor="nvim")
+
+    elif args.ide is IDE.VIM:
+        home_dir = os.environ.get("HOME")
+        if home_dir is None:
+            RecordFluxError(
+                [
+                    ErrorEntry("could not locate home directory", Severity.ERROR),
+                    ErrorEntry("make sure $HOME variable is set", Severity.HELP),
+                ],
+            ).propagate()
+        assert home_dir is not None
+        install_vim_files(Path(home_dir) / ".vim", editor="vim")
     else:
         assert_never(args.ide)  # pragma: no cover
 
@@ -673,5 +736,11 @@ def vscode_extension() -> Traversable:
     return path
 
 
+def vim_syntax_file() -> Traversable:
+    path = importlib_resources.files("rflx") / "ide" / "vim" / "recordflux.vim"
+    assert isinstance(path, Traversable)
+    return path
+
+
 def cache(no_caching: bool, no_verification: bool) -> Cache:
     return NeverVerify() if no_verification else (AlwaysVerify() if no_caching else Cache())
diff --git a/rflx/ide/vim/recordflux.vim b/rflx/ide/vim/recordflux.vim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7794dc0e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rflx/ide/vim/recordflux.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+" Keywords
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword with
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword package
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword is
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword type
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword range
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword all
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword some
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Head
+syntax match rflxKeyword "'"
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword null
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword message
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword case
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword when
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword First
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Size
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Last
+syntax match rflxKeyword "[.]\\{2,\\}"
+syntax match rflxKeyword "Always_Valid"
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword end
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Checksum
+syntax match rflxKeyword "Byte_Order"
+syntax match rflxKeyword "High_Order_First"
+syntax match rflxKeyword "Low_Order_First"
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword use
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword new
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword sequence
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword of
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword generic
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword function
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword return
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Channel
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Readable
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Writable
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword session
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword renames
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword begin
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword state
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Desc
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Append
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Extend
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Reset
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Read
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword Write
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword transition
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword goto
+syntax keyword rflxKeyword exception
+hi link rflxKeyword Keyword
+
+" Conditional keywords
+syntax keyword rflxConditional if
+syntax keyword rflxConditional then
+hi link rflxConditional Conditional
+
+" Punctuation (neovim specific). See `:h treesitter-highlight`
+if has('nvim-0.9')
+   syntax match rflxPunctuation ";"
+   syntax match rflxPunctuation "("
+   syntax match rflxPunctuation ")"
+   syntax match rflxPunctuation "\["
+   syntax match rflxPunctuation "]"
+   syntax match rflxPunctuation ","
+   syntax match rflxPunctuation "[.]"
+   syntax match rflxPunctuation ":"
+   hi link rflxPunctuation @punctuation
+endif
+
+" Operators
+syntax match rflxOperator "=>"
+syntax match rflxOperator ":="
+syntax match rflxOperator "+"
+syntax match rflxOperator "-"
+syntax match rflxOperator "[*]"
+syntax match rflxOperator "[.]\{2,}"
+syntax match rflxOperator "/"
+syntax keyword rflxOperator mod
+syntax match rflxOperator ":\{2,}"
+syntax keyword rflxOperator and
+syntax keyword rflxOperator or
+syntax keyword rflxOperator not
+syntax keyword rflxOperator Valid
+syntax match rflxOperator "Has_Data"
+syntax keyword rflxOperator Present
+syntax match rflxOperator "="
+syntax match rflxOperator "/="
+syntax match rflxOperator "<="
+syntax match rflxOperator "<"
+syntax match rflxOperator ">="
+syntax match rflxOperator ">"
+syntax keyword rflxOperator for
+syntax keyword rflxOperator in
+syntax match rflxOperator "\""
+syntax match rflxOperator "not in"
+syntax match rflxOperator "|"
+syntax match rflxOperator "[*]\{2,}"
+syntax match rflxOperator "Valid_Checksum"
+hi link rflxOperator Operator
+
+" Boolean constants
+syntax keyword rflxBoolean True
+syntax keyword rflxBoolean False
+hi link rflxBoolean Boolean
+
+" Builtin types
+syntax keyword rflxType Opaque
+syntax keyword rflxType Boolean
+hi link rflxType Type
+
+" Match number literal such as `1` or in an explicit base `#16#FF#`
+syntax match rflxNumber "\<\d[0-9_]*\(\.\d[0-9_]*\)\=\([Ee][+-]\=\d[0-9_]*\)\=\>"
+syntax match rflxNumber
+    \ "\<\d\d\=#\x[0-9A-Fa-f_]*\(\.\x[0-9A-Fa-f_]*\)\=#\([Ee][+-]\=\d[0-9_]*\)\="
+hi link rflxNumber Number
+
+" TODO, FIXME, NOTE and XXX
+syntax keyword rflxTodo contained TODO FIXME XXX NOTE
+hi link rflxTodo Todo
+
+" Comments
+syntax region rflxComment
+    \ oneline
+    \ contains=rflxTodo
+    \ start="--"
+    \ end="$"
+hi link rflxComment Comment
+
+" String literals (e.g. "some text")
+syntax region rflxString
+    \ oneline
+    \ contains=rflxTodo
+    \ start="\""
+    \ end="\""
+hi link rflxString String
diff --git a/tests/ide/vim_syntax_test.py b/tests/ide/vim_syntax_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ae5d778c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ide/vim_syntax_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+SYNTAX_FILE = Path("rflx/ide/vim/recordflux.vim")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "args",
+    [
+        (["vim", "--not-a-term"]),
+        (["nvim", "--headless"]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_vim_syntax_source(args: list[str]) -> None:
+    ret = subprocess.run(
+        [*args, "-c", f":source {SYNTAX_FILE}", "-c", ":quit"],
+        check=False,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+    )
+    assert ret.stderr.decode() == ""
diff --git a/tests/unit/cli_test.py b/tests/unit/cli_test.py
index 9ece5d256..565e2723f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/cli_test.py
+++ b/tests/unit/cli_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
+import os
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import ClassVar, NoReturn
 
+import importlib_resources
 import pytest
 
 import rflx.specification
@@ -746,6 +748,130 @@ def run_mock(cmd: object, check: object) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[object]:
     )
 
 
+def test_install_nvim_xdg_location(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    config_path = tmp_path / "nvim"
+    config_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    script_path = tmp_path / "recordflux.vim"
+    script_path.write_text("nvim syntax file content")
+    expected_script_location = config_path / "syntax" / "recordflux.vim"
+    expected_ftdetect_location = config_path / "ftdetect" / "recordflux.vim"
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cli, "vim_syntax_file", lambda **_: script_path)
+
+    assert cli.main(["rflx", "install", "nvim"]) == 0
+    assert expected_script_location.read_text() == "nvim syntax file content"
+    assert (
+        expected_ftdetect_location.read_text()
+        == "autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.rflx set filetype=recordflux\n"
+    )
+
+
+def test_install_nvim_home_location(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    config_path = tmp_path / ".config" / "nvim"
+    config_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    script_path = tmp_path / "recordflux.vim"
+    script_path.write_text("nvim syntax file content")
+    expected_script_location = config_path / "syntax" / "recordflux.vim"
+    expected_ftdetect_location = config_path / "ftdetect" / "recordflux.vim"
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HOME", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cli, "vim_syntax_file", lambda **_: script_path)
+
+    assert cli.main(["rflx", "install", "nvim"]) == 0
+    assert expected_script_location.read_text() == "nvim syntax file content"
+    assert (
+        expected_ftdetect_location.read_text()
+        == "autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.rflx set filetype=recordflux\n"
+    )
+
+
+def test_install_nvim_no_env_variable(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    for variable in ("HOME", "XDG_CONFIG_HOME"):
+        if os.environ.get(variable) is not None:
+            monkeypatch.delenv(variable)
+
+    assert cli.main(["rflx", "install", "nvim"]) == 1
+    assert_stderr_regex(
+        r"^error: could not find config directory\n"
+        r"help: make sure \$HOME or \$XDG_CONFIG_HOME variable is set\n$",
+        capfd,
+    )
+
+
+def test_install_vim(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    script_path = tmp_path / "recordflux.vim"
+    script_path.write_text("vim syntax file content")
+    config_dir = tmp_path / ".vim"
+    expected_syntax_location = config_dir / "syntax" / "recordflux.vim"
+    expected_ftdetect_location = config_dir / "ftdetect" / "recordflux.vim"
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HOME", str(tmp_path))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cli, "vim_syntax_file", lambda *_: script_path)
+
+    assert cli.main(["rflx", "install", "vim"]) == 0
+    assert expected_syntax_location.read_text() == "vim syntax file content"
+    assert (
+        expected_ftdetect_location.read_text()
+        == "autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.rflx set filetype=recordflux\n"
+    )
+    assert_stderr_regex(
+        rf'^info: Installed vim ftdetect file in "{expected_ftdetect_location}"\n'
+        rf'info: Installed vim syntax file in "{expected_syntax_location}"\n$',
+        capfd,
+    )
+
+
+def test_install_vim_no_home(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.delenv("HOME")
+    assert cli.main(["rflx", "install", "vim"]) == 1
+    assert_stderr_regex(
+        r"^error: could not locate home directory\nhelp: make sure \$HOME variable is set\n$",
+        capfd,
+    )
+
+
+def test_vim_syntax_file_ressource(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    expected_location = Path("rflx") / "ide" / "vim" / "recordflux.vim"
+    monkeypatch.setattr(importlib_resources, "files", lambda _: Path("rflx"))
+    assert cli.vim_syntax_file() == expected_location
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "editor",
+    ["vim", "nvim"],
+)
+def test_install_permission_denied(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    editor: str,
+) -> None:
+    tmp_dir = tmp_path / "vim"
+    tmp_dir.mkdir()
+    perm_denied = tmp_dir / "recordflux.vim"
+    perm_denied.touch()
+    tmp_dir.chmod(0o444)
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HOME", str(tmp_dir))
+
+    assert cli.main(["rflx", "install", editor]) == 1
+    assert_stderr_regex(
+        rf"^error: failed to install {editor} files: "
+        rf'"\[Errno 13\] Permission denied: \'[^\']+\'"\n$',
+        capfd,
+    )
+
+
 def test_install_invalid() -> None:
     args = ["rflx", "install", "invalid"]