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307 lines (256 loc) · 7.1 KB
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困难
1697
第 15 场双周赛 Q4
数组
动态规划
矩阵

English Version

题目描述

给你一个 n x n 整数矩阵 grid ,请你返回 非零偏移下降路径 数字和的最小值。

非零偏移下降路径 定义为:从 grid 数组中的每一行选择一个数字,且按顺序选出来的数字中,相邻数字不在原数组的同一列。

 

示例 1:

输入:grid = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
输出:13
解释:
所有非零偏移下降路径包括:
[1,5,9], [1,5,7], [1,6,7], [1,6,8],
[2,4,8], [2,4,9], [2,6,7], [2,6,8],
[3,4,8], [3,4,9], [3,5,7], [3,5,9]
下降路径中数字和最小的是 [1,5,7] ,所以答案是 13 。

示例 2:

输入:grid = [[7]]
输出:7

 

提示:

  • n == grid.length == grid[i].length
  • 1 <= n <= 200
  • -99 <= grid[i][j] <= 99

解法

方法一:动态规划

我们定义 $f[i][j]$ 表示前 $i$ 行,且最后一个数字在第 $j$ 列的最小数字和。那么状态转移方程为:

$$ f[i][j] = \min_{k \neq j} f[i - 1][k] + grid[i - 1][j] $$

其中 $k$ 表示第 $i - 1$ 行的数字在第 $k$ 列,第 $i$ 行第 $j$ 列的数字为 $grid[i - 1][j]$

最后答案为 $f[n]$ 中的最小值。

时间复杂度 $O(n^3)$,空间复杂度 $O(n^2)$。其中 $n$ 为矩阵的行数。

实际上,我们也可以维护三个变量 $f$, $g$$fp$,分别表示前 $i$ 行的最小数字和、第 $i$ 行的第二小数字和以及第 $i$ 行的最小数字在第 $fp$ 列。这样我们就可以将时间复杂度降低到 $O(n^2)$,空间复杂度降低到 $O(1)$

Python3

class Solution:
    def minFallingPathSum(self, grid: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        n = len(grid)
        f = [[0] * n for _ in range(n + 1)]
        for i, row in enumerate(grid, 1):
            for j, v in enumerate(row):
                x = min((f[i - 1][k] for k in range(n) if k != j), default=0)
                f[i][j] = v + x
        return min(f[n])

Java

class Solution {
    public int minFallingPathSum(int[][] grid) {
        int n = grid.length;
        int[][] f = new int[n + 1][n];
        final int inf = 1 << 30;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                int x = inf;
                for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
                    if (k != j) {
                        x = Math.min(x, f[i - 1][k]);
                    }
                }
                f[i][j] = grid[i - 1][j] + (x == inf ? 0 : x);
            }
        }
        int ans = inf;
        for (int x : f[n]) {
            ans = Math.min(ans, x);
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int minFallingPathSum(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
        int n = grid.size();
        int f[n + 1][n];
        memset(f, 0, sizeof(f));
        const int inf = 1 << 30;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                int x = inf;
                for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
                    if (k != j) {
                        x = min(x, f[i - 1][k]);
                    }
                }
                f[i][j] = grid[i - 1][j] + (x == inf ? 0 : x);
            }
        }
        return *min_element(f[n], f[n] + n);
    }
};

Go

func minFallingPathSum(grid [][]int) int {
	n := len(grid)
	f := make([][]int, n+1)
	for i := range f {
		f[i] = make([]int, n)
	}
	const inf = 1 << 30
	for i, row := range grid {
		i++
		for j, v := range row {
			x := inf
			for k := range row {
				if k != j {
					x = min(x, f[i-1][k])
				}
			}
			if x == inf {
				x = 0
			}
			f[i][j] = v + x
		}
	}
	return slices.Min(f[n])
}

方法二

Python3

class Solution:
    def minFallingPathSum(self, grid: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        f = g = 0
        fp = -1
        for row in grid:
            ff = gg = inf
            ffp = -1
            for j, v in enumerate(row):
                s = (g if j == fp else f) + v
                if s < ff:
                    gg = ff
                    ff = s
                    ffp = j
                elif s < gg:
                    gg = s
            f, g, fp = ff, gg, ffp
        return f

Java

class Solution {
    public int minFallingPathSum(int[][] grid) {
        int f = 0, g = 0;
        int fp = -1;
        final int inf = 1 << 30;
        for (int[] row : grid) {
            int ff = inf, gg = inf;
            int ffp = -1;
            for (int j = 0; j < row.length; ++j) {
                int s = (j != fp ? f : g) + row[j];
                if (s < ff) {
                    gg = ff;
                    ff = s;
                    ffp = j;
                } else if (s < gg) {
                    gg = s;
                }
            }
            f = ff;
            g = gg;
            fp = ffp;
        }
        return f;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int minFallingPathSum(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
        int n = grid.size();
        int f = 0, g = 0, fp = -1;
        const int inf = 1 << 30;
        for (auto& row : grid) {
            int ff = inf, gg = inf;
            int ffp = -1;
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                int s = (fp != j ? f : g) + row[j];
                if (s < ff) {
                    gg = ff;
                    ff = s;
                    ffp = j;
                } else if (s < gg) {
                    gg = s;
                }
            }
            f = ff;
            g = gg;
            fp = ffp;
        }
        return f;
    }
};

Go

func minFallingPathSum(grid [][]int) int {
	const inf = 1 << 30
	f, g := 0, 0
	fp := -1
	for _, row := range grid {
		ff, gg := inf, inf
		ffp := -1
		for j, v := range row {
			s := f
			if j == fp {
				s = g
			}
			s += v
			if s < ff {
				ff, gg, ffp = s, ff, j
			} else if s < gg {
				gg = s
			}
		}
		f, g, fp = ff, gg, ffp
	}
	return f
}