comments | difficulty | edit_url | tags | ||||
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中等 |
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给定一个无序的数组 nums
,返回 数组在排序之后,相邻元素之间最大的差值 。如果数组元素个数小于 2,则返回 0
。
您必须编写一个在「线性时间」内运行并使用「线性额外空间」的算法。
示例 1:
输入: nums = [3,6,9,1] 输出: 3 解释: 排序后的数组是 [1,3,6,9], 其中相邻元素 (3,6) 和 (6,9) 之间都存在最大差值 3。
示例 2:
输入: nums = [10] 输出: 0 解释: 数组元素个数小于 2,因此返回 0。
提示:
1 <= nums.length <= 105
0 <= nums[i] <= 109
假设数组
因此
可以利用桶排序的思想,设定桶的大小(即每个桶最多包含的不同元素个数)为
遍历数组
遍历数组结束之后,每个非空的桶内的最小值和最大值都可以确定。按照桶的编号从小到大的顺序依次遍历每个桶,当前的桶的最小值和上一个非空的桶的最大值是排序后的相邻元素,计算两个相邻元素之差,并更新最大间距。遍历桶结束之后即可得到最大间距。
时间复杂度
class Solution:
def maximumGap(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
n = len(nums)
if n < 2:
return 0
mi, mx = min(nums), max(nums)
bucket_size = max(1, (mx - mi) // (n - 1))
bucket_count = (mx - mi) // bucket_size + 1
buckets = [[inf, -inf] for _ in range(bucket_count)]
for v in nums:
i = (v - mi) // bucket_size
buckets[i][0] = min(buckets[i][0], v)
buckets[i][1] = max(buckets[i][1], v)
ans = 0
prev = inf
for curmin, curmax in buckets:
if curmin > curmax:
continue
ans = max(ans, curmin - prev)
prev = curmax
return ans
class Solution {
public int maximumGap(int[] nums) {
int n = nums.length;
if (n < 2) {
return 0;
}
int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int mi = inf, mx = -inf;
for (int v : nums) {
mi = Math.min(mi, v);
mx = Math.max(mx, v);
}
int bucketSize = Math.max(1, (mx - mi) / (n - 1));
int bucketCount = (mx - mi) / bucketSize + 1;
int[][] buckets = new int[bucketCount][2];
for (var bucket : buckets) {
bucket[0] = inf;
bucket[1] = -inf;
}
for (int v : nums) {
int i = (v - mi) / bucketSize;
buckets[i][0] = Math.min(buckets[i][0], v);
buckets[i][1] = Math.max(buckets[i][1], v);
}
int prev = inf;
int ans = 0;
for (var bucket : buckets) {
if (bucket[0] > bucket[1]) {
continue;
}
ans = Math.max(ans, bucket[0] - prev);
prev = bucket[1];
}
return ans;
}
}
using pii = pair<int, int>;
class Solution {
public:
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
int maximumGap(vector<int>& nums) {
int n = nums.size();
if (n < 2) return 0;
int mi = inf, mx = -inf;
for (int v : nums) {
mi = min(mi, v);
mx = max(mx, v);
}
int bucketSize = max(1, (mx - mi) / (n - 1));
int bucketCount = (mx - mi) / bucketSize + 1;
vector<pii> buckets(bucketCount, {inf, -inf});
for (int v : nums) {
int i = (v - mi) / bucketSize;
buckets[i].first = min(buckets[i].first, v);
buckets[i].second = max(buckets[i].second, v);
}
int ans = 0;
int prev = inf;
for (auto [curmin, curmax] : buckets) {
if (curmin > curmax) continue;
ans = max(ans, curmin - prev);
prev = curmax;
}
return ans;
}
};
func maximumGap(nums []int) int {
n := len(nums)
if n < 2 {
return 0
}
inf := 0x3f3f3f3f
mi, mx := inf, -inf
for _, v := range nums {
mi = min(mi, v)
mx = max(mx, v)
}
bucketSize := max(1, (mx-mi)/(n-1))
bucketCount := (mx-mi)/bucketSize + 1
buckets := make([][]int, bucketCount)
for i := range buckets {
buckets[i] = []int{inf, -inf}
}
for _, v := range nums {
i := (v - mi) / bucketSize
buckets[i][0] = min(buckets[i][0], v)
buckets[i][1] = max(buckets[i][1], v)
}
ans := 0
prev := inf
for _, bucket := range buckets {
if bucket[0] > bucket[1] {
continue
}
ans = max(ans, bucket[0]-prev)
prev = bucket[1]
}
return ans
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
public class Solution {
public int MaximumGap(int[] nums) {
if (nums.Length < 2) return 0;
var max = nums.Max();
var min = nums.Min();
var bucketSize = Math.Max(1, (max - min) / (nums.Length - 1));
var buckets = new Tuple<int, int>[(max - min) / bucketSize + 1];
foreach (var num in nums)
{
var index = (num - min) / bucketSize;
if (buckets[index] == null)
{
buckets[index] = Tuple.Create(num, num);
}
else
{
buckets[index] = Tuple.Create(Math.Min(buckets[index].Item1, num), Math.Max(buckets[index].Item2, num));
}
}
var result = 0;
Tuple<int, int> lastBucket = null;
for (var i = 0; i < buckets.Length; ++i)
{
if (buckets[i] != null)
{
if (lastBucket != null)
{
result = Math.Max(result, buckets[i].Item1 - lastBucket.Item2);
}
lastBucket = buckets[i];
}
}
return result;
}
}