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中等
数组
数学

English Version

题目描述

给你一个字符串数组 tokens ,表示一个根据 逆波兰表示法 表示的算术表达式。

请你计算该表达式。返回一个表示表达式值的整数。

注意:

  • 有效的算符为 '+''-''*''/'
  • 每个操作数(运算对象)都可以是一个整数或者另一个表达式。
  • 两个整数之间的除法总是 向零截断
  • 表达式中不含除零运算。
  • 输入是一个根据逆波兰表示法表示的算术表达式。
  • 答案及所有中间计算结果可以用 32 位 整数表示。

 

示例 1:

输入:tokens = ["2","1","+","3","*"]
输出:9
解释:该算式转化为常见的中缀算术表达式为:((2 + 1) * 3) = 9

示例 2:

输入:tokens = ["4","13","5","/","+"]
输出:6
解释:该算式转化为常见的中缀算术表达式为:(4 + (13 / 5)) = 6

示例 3:

输入:tokens = ["10","6","9","3","+","-11","*","/","*","17","+","5","+"]
输出:22
解释:该算式转化为常见的中缀算术表达式为:
  ((10 * (6 / ((9 + 3) * -11))) + 17) + 5
= ((10 * (6 / (12 * -11))) + 17) + 5
= ((10 * (6 / -132)) + 17) + 5
= ((10 * 0) + 17) + 5
= (0 + 17) + 5
= 17 + 5
= 22

 

提示:

  • 1 <= tokens.length <= 104
  • tokens[i] 是一个算符("+""-""*""/"),或是在范围 [-200, 200] 内的一个整数

 

逆波兰表达式:

逆波兰表达式是一种后缀表达式,所谓后缀就是指算符写在后面。

  • 平常使用的算式则是一种中缀表达式,如 ( 1 + 2 ) * ( 3 + 4 )
  • 该算式的逆波兰表达式写法为 ( ( 1 2 + ) ( 3 4 + ) * )

逆波兰表达式主要有以下两个优点:

  • 去掉括号后表达式无歧义,上式即便写成 1 2 + 3 4 + * 也可以依据次序计算出正确结果。
  • 适合用栈操作运算:遇到数字则入栈;遇到算符则取出栈顶两个数字进行计算,并将结果压入栈中

解法

方法一

Python3

import operator


class Solution:
    def evalRPN(self, tokens: List[str]) -> int:
        opt = {
            "+": operator.add,
            "-": operator.sub,
            "*": operator.mul,
            "/": operator.truediv,
        }
        s = []
        for token in tokens:
            if token in opt:
                s.append(int(opt[token](s.pop(-2), s.pop(-1))))
            else:
                s.append(int(token))
        return s[0]

Java

class Solution {
    public int evalRPN(String[] tokens) {
        Deque<Integer> stk = new ArrayDeque<>();
        for (String t : tokens) {
            if (t.length() > 1 || Character.isDigit(t.charAt(0))) {
                stk.push(Integer.parseInt(t));
            } else {
                int y = stk.pop();
                int x = stk.pop();
                switch (t) {
                case "+":
                    stk.push(x + y);
                    break;
                case "-":
                    stk.push(x - y);
                    break;
                case "*":
                    stk.push(x * y);
                    break;
                default:
                    stk.push(x / y);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return stk.pop();
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int evalRPN(vector<string>& tokens) {
        stack<int> stk;
        for (auto& t : tokens) {
            if (t.size() > 1 || isdigit(t[0])) {
                stk.push(stoi(t));
            } else {
                int y = stk.top();
                stk.pop();
                int x = stk.top();
                stk.pop();
                if (t[0] == '+')
                    stk.push(x + y);
                else if (t[0] == '-')
                    stk.push(x - y);
                else if (t[0] == '*')
                    stk.push(x * y);
                else
                    stk.push(x / y);
            }
        }
        return stk.top();
    }
};

Go

func evalRPN(tokens []string) int {
	// https://github.com/emirpasic/gods#arraystack
	stk := arraystack.New()
	for _, token := range tokens {
		if len(token) > 1 || token[0] >= '0' && token[0] <= '9' {
			num, _ := strconv.Atoi(token)
			stk.Push(num)
		} else {
			y := popInt(stk)
			x := popInt(stk)
			switch token {
			case "+":
				stk.Push(x + y)
			case "-":
				stk.Push(x - y)
			case "*":
				stk.Push(x * y)
			default:
				stk.Push(x / y)
			}
		}
	}
	return popInt(stk)
}

func popInt(stack *arraystack.Stack) int {
	v, _ := stack.Pop()
	return v.(int)
}

TypeScript

function evalRPN(tokens: string[]): number {
    const stack = [];
    for (const token of tokens) {
        if (/\d/.test(token)) {
            stack.push(Number(token));
        } else {
            const a = stack.pop();
            const b = stack.pop();
            switch (token) {
                case '+':
                    stack.push(b + a);
                    break;
                case '-':
                    stack.push(b - a);
                    break;
                case '*':
                    stack.push(b * a);
                    break;
                case '/':
                    stack.push(~~(b / a));
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    return stack[0];
}

Rust

impl Solution {
    pub fn eval_rpn(tokens: Vec<String>) -> i32 {
        let mut stack = vec![];
        for token in tokens {
            match token.parse() {
                Ok(num) => stack.push(num),
                Err(_) => {
                    let a = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    let b = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    stack.push(match token.as_str() {
                        "+" => b + a,
                        "-" => b - a,
                        "*" => b * a,
                        "/" => b / a,
                        _ => 0,
                    });
                }
            }
        }
        stack[0]
    }
}

C#

using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Solution {
    public int EvalRPN(string[] tokens) {
        var stack = new Stack<int>();
        foreach (var token in tokens)
        {
            switch (token)
            {
                case "+":
                    stack.Push(stack.Pop() + stack.Pop());
                    break;
                case "-":
                    stack.Push(-stack.Pop() + stack.Pop());
                    break;
                case "*":
                    stack.Push(stack.Pop() * stack.Pop());
                    break;
                case "/":
                    var right = stack.Pop();
                    stack.Push(stack.Pop() / right);
                    break;
                default:
                    stack.Push(int.Parse(token));
                    break;
            }
        }
        return stack.Pop();
    }
}

方法二

Python3

class Solution:
    def evalRPN(self, tokens: List[str]) -> int:
        nums = []
        for t in tokens:
            if len(t) > 1 or t.isdigit():
                nums.append(int(t))
            else:
                if t == "+":
                    nums[-2] += nums[-1]
                elif t == "-":
                    nums[-2] -= nums[-1]
                elif t == "*":
                    nums[-2] *= nums[-1]
                else:
                    nums[-2] = int(nums[-2] / nums[-1])
                nums.pop()
        return nums[0]